Abstract In recent years, the South Korean philosopher living in Germany, Byung-Chul Han, has been setting new paths for philosophical reflection using the theoretical potential that arises from the understanding of the new social, political and economic realities that mark this era of neoliberal evolution and of technological development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, topics such as the transformation of biopolitics into psycho-politics become a very relevant point for the analysis of current societies and their drifts. With this background of thought, this article aims to delve into Han’s arguments, exploring the crucial role that emotions play in societies of performance, fatigue and lack of democracy, resorting to the metaphor of the “hamster wheel” as an image evocative of the dynamics of current societies. In this way, an innovative perspective of the complexity of the 21st Century is presented by delving into certain nuances of Han’s thought in connection with the palpable reality of the emotions that act as the fuel that propels each individual in their own “existential wheel”. This articulation with emotional experiences contributes significantly to contemporary discussions about human nature in contexts of technological innovation.

Resumen En los últimos años, el filósofo surcoreano radicado en Alemania, Byung-Chul Han, viene marcando nuevos derroteros para la reflexión filosófica usando el potencial teórico que surge de la comprensión de las nuevas realidades sociales, políticas y económicas, que marcan esta época de evolución neoliberal y de desarrollo tecnológico, en el contexto de la cuarta Revolución Industrial. Así, temas como la transformación de la biopolítica en psicopolítica se convierten en un punto muy relevante para el análisis de las sociedades actuales y sus derivas. Con este trasfondo de pensamiento, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo sumergirse en las argumentaciones de Han, explorando el papel crucial que desempeñan las emociones en las sociedades del rendimiento, del cansancio y de la infocracia, acudiendo a la metáfora de la “rueda del hámster” como imagen evocadora de las dinámicas de las sociedades actuales. De esta forma, se presenta una perspectiva innovadora de la complejidad del siglo XXI, al adentrarnos en determinados matices del pensamiento de Han, en conexión con la realidad palpable de las emociones, que actúan como el combustible que impulsa a cada individuo en su propia “rueda existencial”. Esta articulación con las experiencias emocionales contribuye de manera significativa a las discusiones contemporáneas acerca de la naturaleza humana en contextos de innovación tecnológica.

This article investigates the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions through a Systematic Literature Review. Thus, EBSCOHost, Emerald, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Elsevier, and Taylor & Francis were used to retrieve and analyse information from scholarly publications such as book chapters, reports, peer-reviewed journal articles, and other publications (n = 17) in South Africa between 2019 and 2023. The research questions of the study aided the discovery of significant themes to explore the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions. The study found that challenges to embracing digital education in South African higher education institutions include resistance to change, marginalisation of certain socioeconomic groups, poor infrastructure, lack of funding, inadequate Fourth Industrial Revolution tools for instruction, and lack of Fourth Industrial Revolution skills training and development. In contrast, the opportunities include increased student enrolment, Massive Open Online Courses, use of technology to end social exclusion, research and development, and curriculum redesign. The study put forward recommendations that key stakeholders of higher education institutions can use to improve the curriculum in the digital revolution. Prospects for future research were suggested. The study concluded that while various challenges exist for the digital revolution in South African higher education institutions, opportunities can be explored.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution necessitates relevant initiatives to stay abreast. Higher education plays a pivotal role in providing nuanced opportunities for the future workforce and enabling students to address real-world problems in a complex world. Despite new developments, it is not clear how the Fourth Industrial Revolution will influence the educational sector. We followed a systematic review approach with the aim of providing a comprehensive view on crucial strategies and skills for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We applied the processes of Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre as a guideline for conducting the systematic review and retrieved relevant articles published from 2017 to 2021. The results highlight that critical thinking is the most emphasised skill and student-centred teaching-learning strategies are essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and future demands. Implications for self-directed learning were also outlined.

The COVID-19 pandemic was like a magic bullet in pronouncing the fourth education revolution, a period of swift migration to online teaching and learning (T) platforms. This became evident at the dawn of lockdown periods from March 2020, when countries all over the globe shut down businesses to contain the virus. The shutdown impacted economies negatively. Thus, the educational sector, particularly higher education, was hard hit as the shift from physical to online distance T exposed the wide digital divide in both developed and developing worlds. The challenges have been widely recorded, and although these seem to be clouding the opportunities that are yet to be synthesised, it is worthy of corroborating the noted opportunities to prepare for T trajectories. Thus, the current study is an appraisal of online teaching and learning, by critically reviewing related literature from various sources dating to the dawn of migration to distance and online T platforms across the globe in 2020. The objective is to identify some themes for opportunities for curriculum development brought about by the unprecedented migration to online T, to more effectively model current and future scenarios. The major findings, which are explanatory, indicate that online T increases access to education by trumping physical and geographical boundaries. Multimedia T formats can cater for various capabilities and learning styles. Online T has further prompted some education institutions to invest more in information and communication technologies (ICT) thus aligning with the fourth industrial revolution and in some cases the fifth industrial revolution. The COVID-19 era has created opportunities for the adoption of online T technologies among both educators and learners to align themselves accordingly. This historical epoch has significantly prompted more commitment to collaboration, partnerships, and associations in the whole education sector to solicit more resources. It is rational to conclude that the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is manifesting itself across the globe, with some developed parts already in the fifth industrial revolution, despite the challenges and albeit at different levels. A conceptual model of a general fourth education revolution, that education institutions, particularly in the developing world, can adapt and adjust to suit their specific circumstances, has thus been developed. The model aims to improve preparation for online education instruction, which has striven, and an unknown future.

Resumen La universidad latinoamericana se debe modernizar, a la par de la cuarta revolución industrial. Tiene notorios atrasos, en particular en materia de gasto e inversión. Carece de apoyo político y de suficientes recursos públicos que apoyen su modernización. Salvo algunos esfuerzos excepcionales, en su quehacer poco se consideran los cambios globales -tecnológicos, económicos, sociales, políticos, climático- ni la nueva geopolítica. La pandemia de covid-19 le impuso dificultades, pero abrió oportunidades vinculada a la virtualidad. En cambio, las universidades chinas, con un fuerte apoyo estatal, han hecho grandes avances y sean convertido en centros mundiales de docencia e investigación. Las universidades latinoamericanas deben renovarse para apoyar la búsqueda de soluciones a problemas urgentes como el insuficiente crecimiento económico, la pobreza y la in-equidad. Sus servicios deben orientarse a la industria, para que junto al apoyo estatal, obtengan recursos que les permitan contribuir al desarrollo productivo e industrial. JEL: I23, I28, O14, O33

Resumo A universidade latino-americana deve se modernizar, acompanhando a quarta revolução industrial. É notoriamente atrasado, particularmente em termos de gastos e investimentos. Falta-lhe apoio político e recursos públicos suficientes para apoiar sua modernização. Além de alguns esforços excepcionais, as mudanças globais - tec nológicas, econômicas, sociais, políticas, climáticas - e a nova geopolítica são pouco consideradas em seu trabalho. A pandemia covid-19 impôs dificuldades, mas abriu oportunidades ligadas à virtualidade. Em contraste, as universidades chinesas, com forte apoio estatal, deram grandes passos e se tornaram centros mundiais de ensino e pesquisa. As universidades latino-americanas devem se renovar para apoiar a busca de soluções para problemas urgentes, tais como crescimento econômico insuficiente, pobreza e desigualdade. Seus serviços devem ser orientados para a indústria, para que, juntamente com o apoio do Estado, possam obter recursos que lhes permitam contribuir para o desenvolvimento produtivo e industrial. JEL: 123, 128, O14, O33

Abstract The Latin American university must modernize to keep pace with the fourth industrial revolution. It is notoriously behind, particularly in terms ofspending and investment. It lacks political support and sufficient public resources to support its modernization. With the exception of a few exceptional efforts, global changes-technological, economic, social, political and climatic- and the new geopolitics are not taken into account in its work. The covid-19 pandemic imposed difficulties on it, but opened up opportunities linked to virtuality. On the other hand, Chinese universities, with strong state support, have made great advances and have become world centers of teaching and research. Latin American universities must rene themselves to support the search for solutions to urgent problems such as insufficient economic growth, poverty and inequality. Their services should be oriented towards industry, so that together with government support, they can obtain resources that will allow them to contribute to productive and industrial development. JEL: I123, 128, O14, O33

We are told by the powerful that we live In, or are about to live In, a Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Seemingly, this revolution Is about deep-seated, rapid, digitally powered techno-scientlfic change. It is the age of smart machines; It is a new Information technology (IT) revolution. However, In this article I suggest that examination of the history of technologies that are often held up to be proof of the 4IR, in fact shows that there is no contemporary technological revolution. The research methodology that I employ here Is conceptual analysis and afocused review of literature on the history of partlculartechnologies. An Industrial revolution, as Its three historical Instances have demonstrated, is the fundamental transformation of every aspect of industrial society, including Its geopolitical, cultural, macro-social, micro-social, economic and technological strata. It certainly entails a technological revolution, but it Is more than just that. In this article, I am not concerned with the broader ensemble of socio-economic changes - it seems increasingly clear that the 'brave new world' of the 4IR Is not really happening - but simply ask the question: is there currently a technological revolution? The answer seems to be that there is not. SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this study is that it challenges the mainstream notion of technological innovation and change, associated with the 'Fourth Industrial Revolution'. It has implications for the way we think about technological and scientific revolutions

SIGNIFICANCE: Moll (S Afr J Sci. 2023;119(1/2), Art. #12916) argues that we are not currently living in the Fourth Industrial Age (4IR). In this response to Moll, I contest that Moll's argument does not correctly reflect the understanding or definition of the 4IR as presented in the pivotal texts of the leading global and South African 4IR advocates. I believe that, had Moll focused on the definition of the 4IR presented initially by Schwab, that is, around the fusion of technologies across the digital, physical and biological worlds, he could have come to a different conclusion about the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Abstract Purpose: This research aims to structure a hierarchical model that integrates the industry 4.0 (I4.0) concepts and standardizes concepts based on the literature. Originality/value: Kamble et al. (2018) point out the lack of architecture to represent I4.0 concepts. This paper brings an approach to the relationship between these concepts of I4.0. It expands the studies by Ghobakhloo (2018) and Liao et al. (2017) and homogenizes terms present in the literature. Design/methodology/approach: From a systematic review of the literature in the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases, from 2011 to 2019, 91 articles were reviewed, of which 58 articles were analyzed. Findings: From the literature, the terms related to I4.0 were grouped into three categories: technologies, principles, and dimensions. Technology clusters represent tools used to promote changes and transformations in the processes, here called principles. These changes and transformations create new industry standards, enabling process integration for problem-solving, and contributing to implementing intelligent management. The relationship between these categories results in a hierarchical model for I4.0 concepts. This hierarchical model can be used to identify opportunities for future research, demonstrating associations between categories that have not yet been explored. It opens possibilities for organizations to enter the fourth industrial revolution. The results help practitioners and researchers to understand this new process in detail and facilitate the construction of a valid and operational intelligent manufacturing platform. Purpose 40 4 0 4. I40 I I4 (I4.0 Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value al 2018 (2018 I4. 2017 (2017 Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology databases 201 2019 9 reviewed 5 analyzed Findings technologies principles dimensions processes standards problemsolving, problemsolving problem solving, solving problem-solving management explored revolution platform (I4. (201 20 (I4 (20 2 (I (2 (

Resumo Objetivo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estruturar um modelo hierárquico que integre os conceitos da indústria 4.0 (I4.0) e padronizar conceitos com base na literatura. Originalidade/valor: Kamble et al. (2018) apontam para a falta de uma arquitetura para representar os conceitos I4.0. Este artigo traz uma abordagem para a relação entre esses conceitos de I4.0. Ele expande os es- tudos de Ghobakhloo (2018) e Liao et al. (2017) e homogeneíza termos presentes na literatura. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A partir de uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados Scopus e ScienceDirect, de 2011 a 2019, foram revisados 91 artigos, dos quais 58 foram analisados. Resultados: A partir da literatura, os termos relacionados com I4.0 foram agrupados em três categorias: tecnologias, princípios e dimensões. Os clusters de tecnologia representam ferramentas utilizadas para promover mudanças e transformações nos processos, aqui chamados de princípios. Essas mudanças e transformações criam novos padrões da indústria, permitindo a integração de processos para a solução de problemas, contribuindo para a implementação do gerenciamento inteligente. A relação entre essas categorias resulta em um modelo hierárquico. Objetivo 40 4 0 4. I40 I I4 (I4.0 Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor al 2018 (2018 es 2017 (2017 Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia ScienceDirect 201 2019 9 artigos 5 analisados Resultados I4. tecnologias dimensões problemas inteligente (I4. (201 20 (I4 (20 2 (I (2 (

RESUMEN: El actual nivel de desarrollo tecnológico alcanzado por la sociedad permiten inferir que vivimos en una cuarta o incluso quinta revolución industrial. En este contexto, es prácticamente una exigencia reflexionar sobre cómo la educación y esencialmente la escuela, como uno de los loci de enseñanza y aprendizaje, se han adaptado a este nuevo ecosistema. Una de las herramientas que surge de este contexto es el podcast. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar cómo se produjo el surgimiento y la expansión de los podcasts en los ambientes educativos de Brasil, mapeando la producción en revistas nacionales a través del portal de revistas Capes (Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). En total se seleccionaron 18 trabajos publicados entre 2009 y 2020 para formar parte del corpus de análisis, luego se detallaron la institución de filiación de los autores, las áreas de formación, el tipo de publicación, las revistas más citadas y la distribución cronológica de estas citas. Dichos datos permitieron concluir que los intentos de utilizar podcasts en entornos educativos han aumentado significativamente, especialmente en el período comprendido entre 2013 y 2020. En cuanto a las instituciones, se destacaron las públicas en detrimento de las privadas, también es importante señalar que el 40,4% de las citas realizadas por los autores del corpus son libros, mientras que el 28,9% son revistas, indicando que todavía es un área con mucho espacio para la investigación, ya que la mayoría de las citas de libros se refieren a autores únicos. RESUMEN industrial escuela aprendizaje ecosistema podcast sentido Brasil Centro Superior. Superior . Superior) 1 200 202 análisis formación publicación significativamente 201 instituciones privadas 404 40 4 40,4 289 28 9 28,9 investigación únicos 20 40, 2 28,

ABSTRACT: The current stage of technology development achieved by society allows us to state that we have been living in a fourth or even fifth industrial revolution. In that context, it is necessary to consider how education, and mostly school, as one of the places of teaching and learning, has been adapted to that new ecosystem. One of the tools that emerges from this context is the podcast, a tool that allows sharing audio in applications and hosting sites. In that way, the purpose of this work was to evaluate how podcasts have emerged and expanded in educational environments in Brazil, mapping the national production of articles through the Capes (Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) journals portal. At last, eighteen articles published between 2009 and 2020 were selected in order to form the corpus of analysis, then the institution of affiliation of the authors, their graduation areas, type of publication, most cited journals, and the chronological distribution of these citations were verified. Such data allowed us to establish that the attempts to use podcasts in educational environments have been increasing significantly between 2013 and 2020. Regarding the educational institutions, public ones stood out to the detriment of the private ones, it is also important to emphasize that 40,4% of the citations made by the authors of the corpus are books, while 28.9% are journals, indicating that this is still an area with a lot of space for research, since most books citations refer to single authors. ABSTRACT revolution education school learning ecosystem podcast sites way Brazil Centro Superior portal last 200 202 analysis areas publication verified 201 institutions 404 40 4 40,4 289 28 9 28.9 research 20 40, 2 28.

RESUMO: O atual patamar de desenvolvimento tecnológico atingido pela sociedade nos permite inferir que vivemos em uma quarta ou até mesmo quinta revolução industrial. Neste contexto, é praticamente uma exigência que se reflita como a educação e essencialmente a escola, como um dos locus de ensino e aprendizagem, têm se adaptado a este novo ecossistema. Uma das ferramentas que surge deste contexto é o podcast, ferramenta que permite compartilhamento de arquivos de áudio vinculados a aplicativos e sites de hospedagem. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar como se deu o surgimento e a expansão dos podcasts em ambientes educacionais no Brasil, mapeando a produção nos periódicos nacionais através do portal de periódicos da Capes (Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Ao todo, foram selecionados 18 trabalhos publicados desde 2009 a 2020 para fazer parte do corpus de análise, em seguida verificou-se a instituição de vínculo dos autores, as áreas de formação, tipo de publicação, revistas mais citadas e a distribuição cronológica destas citações. Tais dados nos permitiram concluir que as tentativas de utilização dos podcasts em ambientes educacionais têm aumentado significativamente, sobretudo no período entre 2013 e 2020. Já com relação às instituições, se destacaram as públicas em detrimentos das particulares, importante ressaltar também que 40,4% das citações realizadas pelos autores do corpus são livros, enquanto 28,9% são periódicos, indicando que esta ainda é uma área com muito espaço para pesquisa, uma vez que a maioria das citações de livros se referem a autores únicos. RESUMO industrial escola aprendizagem ecossistema podcast hospedagem sentido Brasil Centro Superior. Superior . Superior) todo 1 200 202 análise verificouse verificou formação publicação significativamente 201 instituições particulares 404 40 4 40,4 289 28 9 28,9 pesquisa únicos 20 40, 2 28,

The current stage of technology development achieved by society allow us to state that we have been living on a fourth or even fifth industrial revolution. In that context, it is necessary to consider how education and mostly school, as one of the places of teaching and learning, has been adapted to that new ecosystem. One of the tools that emerges from this context is the podcast, a tool that allows sharing audios in applications and hosting sites. In that way, the purpose of this work was to evaluate how podcasts have emerged and expanded in educational environments in Brazil, mapping the national production of articles through Capes (Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) journals portal. At last, eighteen articles published between 2009 and 2020 were selected in order to form the corpus of analysis, then the institution of affiliation of the authors, their graduation areas, type of publication, most cited journals and the chronological distribution of these citations were verified. Such data allowed us to establish that the attempts to use podcasts in educational environments have been increasing significantly, markedly between 2013 and 2020. Regarding the educational institutions, public ones stood out to the detriment of the private ones, it is also important to emphasize that 40,4% of the citations made by the authors of the corpus are books, while 28.9% are journals, indicating that this is still an area with a lot of space for research, since most books citations refer to single authors.

El actual nivel de desarrollo tecnológico alcanzado por la sociedad permiten inferir que vivimos en una cuarta o incluso quinta revolución industrial. En este contexto, es prácticamente una exigencia reflexionar sobre cómo la educación y esencialmente la escuela, como uno de los loci de enseñanza y aprendizaje, se han adaptado a este nuevo ecosistema. Una de las herramientas que surge de este contexto es el podcast. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar cómo se produjo el surgimiento y la expansión de los podcasts en los ambientes educativos de Brasil, mapeando la producción en revistas nacionales a través del portal de revistas Capes (Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). En total se seleccionaron 18 trabajos publicados entre 2009 y 2020 para formar parte del corpus de análisis, luego se detallaron la institución de filiación de los autores, las áreas de formación, el tipo de publicación, las revistas más citadas y la distribución cronológica de estas citas. Dichos datos permitieron concluir que los intentos de utilizar podcasts en entornos educativos han aumentado significativamente, especialmente en el período comprendido entre 2013 y 2020. En cuanto a las instituciones, se destacaron las públicas en detrimento de las privadas, también es importante señalar que el 40,4% de las citas realizadas por los autores del corpus son libros, mientras que el 28,9% son revistas, indicando que todavía es un área con mucho espacio para la investigación, ya que la mayoría de las citas de libros se refieren a autores únicos.

O atual patamar de desenvolvimento tecnológico atingido pela sociedade nos permite inferir que vivemos em uma quarta ou até mesmo quinta revolução industrial. Neste contexto, é praticamente uma exigência que se reflita como a educação e essencialmente a escola, como um dos locus de ensino e aprendizagem, têm se adaptado a este novo ecossistema. Uma das ferramentas que surge deste contexto é o podcast, ferramenta que permite compartilhamento de arquivos de áudio vinculados a aplicativos e sites de hospedagem. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar como se deu o surgimento e a expansão dos podcasts em ambientes educacionais no Brasil, mapeando a produção nos periódicos nacionais através do portal de periódicos da Capes (Centro de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). Ao todo, foram selecionados 18 trabalhos publicados desde 2009 a 2020 para fazer parte do corpus de análise, em seguida verificou-se a instituição de vínculo dos autores, as áreas de formação, tipo de publicação, revistas mais citadas e a distribuição cronológica destas citações. Tais dados nos permitiram concluir que as tentativas de utilização dos podcasts em ambientes educacionais têm aumentado significativamente, sobretudo no período entre 2013 e 2020. Já com relação às instituições, se destacaram as públicas em detrimentos das particulares, importante ressaltar também que 40,4% das citações realizadas pelos autores do corpus são livros, enquanto 28,9% são periódicos, indicando que esta ainda é uma área com muito espaço para pesquisa, uma vez que a maioria das citações de livros se referem a autores únicos.

SIGNIFICANCE: The South African National Research Foundation's insistence on research coherence and specialisation as major criteria in ratings exercises may be misjudged. Opportunistic and wide-ranging interdisciplinary research may be more important and more ethically justified in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar los retos de la gestión empresarial en cuanto a salud mental en Colombia, bajo el escenario de la cuarta revolución industrial. El diseño metodológico abarca primordialmente el enfoque cualitativo, empleando una revisión de la producción intelectual, tratada a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados evidencian que infortunadamente en el país, la mayoría de las organizaciones aún se encuentra en la segunda revolución industrial, y, por ende, al ritmo actual puede que no se logren incorporar estás nuevas tecnologías de manera efectiva al trabajo. Existen diversos retos en aras de potencializar el uso de estas tecnologías de la mano con el cuidado de la salud mental de los colaboradores, se resalta la necesidad de: diagnosticar el estadio actual en relación con el uso de tecnologías y aplicación de prácticas de cuidado de la salud mental; brindar mayor acompañamiento al colaborador para reducir el desarrollo de riesgos psicosociales; e integrar la salud mental con el uso de las nuevas tecnologías, comprendiendo su impacto como agentes catalizadores de la productividad y armonía en la empresa. JEL: J20; J24; J28; 014; 033

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo destacar os desafios da gestão empresarial em saúde mental na Colômbia, no cenário da quarta revolução industrial. O desenho metodológico contempla prioritariamente a abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se uma revisão da produção intelectual, tratada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados mostram que infelizmente no país a maioria das organizações ainda se encontra na segunda revolução industrial e, por fim, no ritmo atual, pode não ser possível incorporar essas novas tecnologias de forma eficaz no trabalho. Vários são os desafios para potencializar o uso dessas tecnologias em conjunto com o cuidado em saúde mental dos funcionários, destacando-se a necessidade de: diagnosticar o estágio atual em relação ao uso das tecnologias e aplicação das práticas de cuidado Saúde mental; dar maior apoio ao colaborador para reduzir o desenvolvimento de riscos psicossociais; e integrar a saúde mental com o uso de novas tecnologias, entendendo seu impacto como catalisadores de produtividade e harmonia na empresa. JEL: J20; J24; J28; 014; 033

Abstract This article aims to highlight the challenges of business management in terms of mental health in Colombia, under the scenario of the fourth industrial revolution. The methodological design primarily covers the qualitative approach, employing a review of intellectual production, treated through the content analysis technique. The main results show that unfortunately in the country, most organizations are still in the second industrial revolution, and therefore, at the current rate, these new technologies may not be incorporated effectively into work. There are several challenges in order to enhance the use of these technologies hand in hand with the mental health care of employees, highlighting the need to: diagnose the current stage in relation to the use of technologies and application of care practices Mental health; provide greater support to the collaborator to reduce the development of psychosocial risks; and integrate mental health with the use of new technologies, understanding their impact as catalysts for productivity and harmony in the company. JEL: J20; J24; J28; 014; 033

Resumen: La actividad emprendedora tiene estrecha relación con el desarrollo económico de los países, de ahí la importancia de su estudio. El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en determinar el perfil emprendedor de los microempresarios en México, con el fin de caracterizarlos y encontrar las áreas de oportunidad para mejorar su desempeño. Se utilizó una muestra de 409 microempresarios voluntarios a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario, con escala de Likert, cuyas respuestas fueron analizadas mediante análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados permiten saber que los microempresarios en México cuentan con un perfil emprendedor donde predomina la innovación, creatividad y visión empresarial, así como la búsqueda de actualización en nuevas tecnologías, la asunción de riesgos, la pasión emprendedora y un acercamiento a los enfoques ambiental y social. Las áreas de oportunidad se encuentran en el uso de tecnologías avanzadas de producción y comunicación, para gestionar interna y externamente su empresa, acordes con la cuarta revolución industrial. Clasificación JEL: 26, M13, N8, O31, O32

Abstract Entrepreneurial activity is closely related to the economic development of countries, hence the importance of studying it. This research aims to determine microentrepreneurs' entrepreneurial profiles in Mexico to characterize them and find opportunity areas to improve their performance. We use a sample of 409 volunteer microentrepreneurs to whom a questionnaire was applied, with a Likert scale. We analyzed their responses by exploratory factor analysis. The results show that microentrepreneurs in Mexico have an entrepreneurial profile where innovation, creativity, and business vision predominate, as well as the search for updating in new technologies, risk-taking, entrepreneurial passion, and an environmental and social approach. The opportunity areas lie in the use of advanced production and communication technologies to manage their company internally and externally in line with the fourth industrial revolution.

Abstract This article proposes an archeology of facts that build the integration of the machinic with the human, the productive with the social, and the fictional with the techno–political, at the same time that it describes some lines of thought that, concatenated, point towards a scenario of evolution of the integration between human action and artificial intelligence, as the epitome of machinic evolution in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Resumen Este artículo propone una arqueología de hechos que construyen la integración de lo maquínico con lo humano, de lo productivo con lo social, y de lo ficcional con lo tecnopolítico, al mismo tiempo que describe algunas líneas de pensamiento que, concatenadas, apuntan hacia un escenario de evolución de la integración entre la acción humana y la inteligencia artificial como epítome de la evolución maquínica en la Cuarta Revolución Industrial.

The modern era demands a radical pedagogical shift and a complete overhaul of traditional teaching methods that flaunt teachers as the sole producers of knowledge and learners as impetuous consumers of knowledge. In this article I propose interactive teaching methods and strategies as the pedagogical approach to be advocated by 21st-century isiZulu teachers so that learners are empowered on all cognitive levels as producers of knowledge. This pedagogical shift in the isiZulu classroom has the power to revoke the historical debt of the marginalisation of indigenous African languages, which native speakers of these languages inherited from the apartheid education system of South Africa. Used as the guiding theoretical framework, the transformative learning theory is set to challenge the status quo and disrupt the current instructional classroom practice that is regressive to change demanded by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The participatory action research methodology, reflecting the encounters with student teachers at a teacher education institution in South Africa, provides a critical analysis of how interactive teaching methods and strategies can be used in an authentic classroom environment.