Resumen El modelo propuesto tiene como meta fusionar el aprendizaje que ocurre en el entorno físico o presencial con el entorno virtual, logrando una integración armoniosa entre los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje y las redes sociales. Mediante esta integración se persigue impulsar un enfoque de aprendizaje que fomente la colaboración, la comunicación y la interacción en el ámbito de la educación superior. Esta innovadora propuesta, desde la perspectiva del aprendizaje mixto, logra amalgamar la formalidad característica de los sistemas de gestión de aprendizaje con la espontaneidad inherente a las redes sociales. Esta sinergia permite aprovechar las virtudes distintivas de cada plataforma, con el propósito fundamental de agilizar la interacción y el intercambio de información entre docentes y estudiantes. Como resultado se busca enriquecer significativamente la vivencia de aprendizaje, mejorando así la calidad y efectividad del proceso educativo.

Abstract The proposed model aims to merge learning that occurs in the physical or face-to-face environment with the virtual environment, achieving a harmonious integration between learning management systems and social networks. Through this integration, the aim is to promote a learning approach that fosters collaboration, communication, and interaction in the higher education environment. This innovative proposal, from the perspective of blended learning, manages to amalgamate the formality characteristic of learning management systems with the spontaneity inherent in social networks. This synergy makes it possible to take advantage of the distinctive virtues of each platform, with the fundamental purpose of streamlining the interaction and exchange of information between teachers and students. As a result, the learning experience is significantly enriched, thus improving the quality and effectiveness of the educational process.

Abstract: Since 2011, the Precarious Settlements Program has intervened in 142 informal settlements in the Metropolitan Region, emerging as a key intervention mechanism in housing policies amidst the current housing crisis affecting the country. Drawing on ethnographic information collected during fieldwork conducted between January and March of 2023, this article explores the discreet practices deployed during the program’s implementation, analyzing the relationship between formality/legality, represented by the state, and informality/illegality, represented by the settlement dichotomies that are strained through the actions of street-level bureaucrats. The article argues that, in this interstice, the state paradoxically positions itself as both a guarantor and regulator of calculated informality. Additionally, the article suggests that the ethnographic approach and its flexibility are crucial in addressing the dynamic margins, boundaries, and practices of the state.

Resumen: Desde el año 2011, el Programa de Asentamientos Precarios ha actuado en 142 asentamientos informales en la Región Metropolitana, lo que lo sitúa como uno de los principales mecanismos de intervención de las políticas de vivienda ante la crisis habitacional que actualmente afecta al país. A partir de la recopilación de información etnográfica durante el trabajo de campo realizado entre enero y marzo de 2023, el presente artículo aborda las prácticas de discreción desplegadas durante la ejecución del programa de intervención analizando la relación entre la formalidad/legalidad, representada por el estado, y la informalidad/ ilegalidad, representada por el campamento, dicotomías que se tensionan en el quehacer en terreno de los burócratas nivel calle. El artículo argumenta que, en aquel intersticio, el estado se posiciona paradojalmente como garante y regulador de una informalidad calculada. Asimismo, plantea que la aproximación etnográfica y su flexibilidad son clave en el abordaje de los dinámicos márgenes, límites y prácticas del estado.

Cohabitation is often misconstrued as consisting of a relationship characterised by a low level of commitment. However, commitment in cohabitation is multidimensional, as it allows a couple to demonstrate their love in different ways, without necessarily conforming to a particular traditional formality. It is a private and personal commitment between the cohabiting partners concerned, founded on principles of trust. The current study suggests that commitment in heterosexual cohabitation is closely aligned with the couple's intentions. Through the lenses of commitment and symbolic interactionist theories, this article explored how cohabitees construct and express commitment in their relationship. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study involved 21 purposively selected heterosexual cohabitees who are involved in a monogamous relationship. Data were generated through conducting semi-structured face-to-face interviews, using open-ended questions contained in an interview guide which were subsequently analysed thematically. Principles of credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability were adhered to throughout the research process.

Resumo O processo de reabilitação de população vulnerável não se resume à oferta de uma moradia formal; os desafios de adaptação à unidade habitacional são diversos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a adaptação à moradia seriada de população de risco, com foco nos conflitos e na fragmentação espacial. A pesquisa de campo compreendeu medições in loco, observações e entrevistas semiestruturadas no interior de 156 unidades habitacionais no Brasil. As dificuldades relacionadas a essa adaptação são diversas: o tamanho reduzido da área da unidade habitacional e do lote; a dificuldade de ampliação da moradia; a baixa qualidade dos materiais; a ausência de um local ou área para geração de renda; a ausência de laços sociais com a vizinhança; a falta de privacidade; a fragmentação espacial com divisões e construções privativas de áreas não ocupáveis do lote (recuos e afastamentos) e invasão em áreas públicas. O processo de adaptação à moradia formal e seriada envolve especialmente conflitos de vizinhança. Uma das consequências da inadaptação à “formalidade” é a venda ou aluguel da moradia, com 19,0% dos domicílios da amostra ocupados por beneficiários não originários. diversos Assim risco loco 15 Brasil diversas materiais renda vizinhança privacidade recuos afastamentos públicas formalidade “formalidade 190 19 0 19,0 originários 1 19,

Abstract The rehabilitation of vulnerable populations from informal settlements is not limited to the provision of formal housing; the challenges of adapting to the housing unit are diverse. Thus the aim of this study was to analyze how a vulnerable population adapts to serial housing, focusing on conflicts and spatial fragmentation. The field research involved on-site assessments, observations and semi-structured interviews inside 156 housing units in Brazil. The difficulties related to this adaptation are diverse: the reduced size of the areas in the housing unit and the lot; the difficulty of extending the housing unit; low-quality materials; the lack of a place or area to generate income; the lack of social ties with the neighborhood; the lack of privacy; spatial fragmentation with divisions and private constructions in non-occupiable areas of the lot (setbacks and clearances) and the invasion of public areas. The adaptation process to the formal, serial housing unit particularly involves conflicts among neighbors. One of the consequences of failing to adapt to “formality” is the sale or rent of the housing unit, with 19.0% of housing units of the sample being occupied by non-original beneficiaries. diverse onsite site assessments semistructured semi structured 15 Brazil lowquality low quality materials income neighborhood privacy nonoccupiable non occupiable setbacks clearances neighbors formality “formality 190 19 0 19.0 nonoriginal original beneficiaries 1 19.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou analisar as características de governança do ecossistema de inovação (EI) catarinense, localizado no Sul do Brasil. Seu foco é o Pacto pela Inovação, programa criado para aprimorar a colaboração dentro do ecossistema e que requer uma governança adequada. A coleta de dados foi conduzida por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, levantamento documental e questionário, aplicados a 41 organizações envolvidas nas 240 ações do programa. Os dados foram examinados por meio de análise temática e triangulação. Os resultados mostraram que a governança do ecossistema contempla diversos atores cujas relações são orientadas por mecanismos de coordenação. Apesar de haver liderança central, a abordagem de governança incentiva o protagonismo dos atores de forma descentralizada e com baixa formalidade. Contudo, a sustentabilidade do programa exige uma maior capacidade para mobilizar novos orquestradores. O estudo enfatiza a necessidade de evidências empíricas nos países em desenvolvimento, oferecendo perspectivas para gestores e decisores políticos empenhados em melhorar a capacidade colaborativa em EIs. EI (EI catarinense Brasil Inovação adequada semiestruturadas questionário 4 24 triangulação coordenação central formalidade Contudo orquestradores desenvolvimento EIs 2

RESUMEN Este estudio examinó las características de gobernanza del ecosistema de innovación de Santa Catarina, Brasil, centrándose en el Pacto por la Innovación, un programa creado para mejorar la colaboración dentro del ecosistema y que requiere características de gobernanza apropiadas. La recopilación de datos involucró entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis documental y cuestionarios aplicados a 41 organizaciones participantes en 240 acciones del programa. Se realizó análisis temático de los datos, además de triangulación. En los hallazgos, se encontró que la gobernanza contempla una diversidad de actores cuyas relaciones están guiadas por mecanismos de coordinación. Aunque con liderazgo central, el enfoque de gobernanza promueve el protagonismo descentralizado e informal de los actores. Sin embargo, la sostenibilidad del programa requiere una mayor capacidad para movilizar nuevos orquestadores. El estudio destaca la necesidad de evidencias empíricas en países en desarrollo y ofrece perspectivas para los administradores y formuladores de políticas comprometidos con mejorar la capacidad de colaboración en los ecosistemas de innovación. Catarina Brasil Innovación apropiadas semiestructuradas 4 24 triangulación hallazgos coordinación central embargo orquestadores 2

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the governance characteristics of the Santa Catarina innovation ecosystem in southern Brazil, focusing on the Pact for Innovation program. This program was created to enhance collaboration within the ecosystem and requires appropriate governance features. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, a documental analysis, and questionnaires applied to 41 organizations involved in the 240 actions of the program. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis and triangulation. As a result, we identified that the ecosystem’s governance contemplates a diversity of actors whose relations are guided by coordination mechanisms. Despite the existence of a central leadership, the governance approach encourages the protagonism of the actors in a decentralized way and low formality. However, program sustainability requires increased capacity to mobilize new orchestrators. This research underscores the need for empirical evidence in developing countries and offers insights for managers and policymakers committed to enhancing collaborative capacity in innovation ecosystems. Brazil features semistructured semi structured interviews 4 24 triangulation result ecosystems s mechanisms leadership formality However orchestrators 2

Abstract This paper provides a discourse analysis of two poems selected from the book Sovereign Erotics: A Collection of Two-Spirit Literature(Driskill et al., 2011b)to explore the concept of grief in Two-Spirit/Queer Indigenous poetry. It analyzes the diction, voice, formality, themes, metaphors, similes, personification, and the use of repetition the authors utilize to represent grief and discover the social, cultural, and political realities and discursive practices behind the poems. It concludes that through their expression of grief, the poets highlight the emergence and endurance of a community and people who will continue to fight for survival and the right to live in peace and harmony outside of colonial gender and sexual binaries. Both poems engage with a continuing sense of Two-Spirit identity that call forth new generations of Queer Indigenous/Two-Spirit people while remembering their history and the Elders who came before to heal personal and historical trauma often through connection with nature, their ancestors, and spirituality.

Resumen Este artículo proporciona un análisis del discurso de dos poemas seleccionados del libro Sovereign Erotics: A Collection of Two-Spirit Literature (Driskill et al., 2011b) para explorar el concepto de duelo en la poesía indígena Two-Spirit/Queer. Analiza la dicción, la voz, la formalidad, los temas, las metáforas, los símiles, la personificación y el uso de la repetición que utilizan los autores para representar el duelo y descubrir las realidades sociales, culturales y políticas y las prácticas discursivas detrás de los poemas. Se concluye que, a través de su expresión de dolor, los poetas destacan el surgimiento y la perdurabilidad de una comunidad y un pueblo que seguirán luchando por la supervivencia y el derecho a vivir en paz y armonía fuera de los binomios sexuales y de género coloniales. Ambos poemas se relacionan con un sentido continuo de identidad de dos espíritus que llama a nuevas generaciones de indígenas queer/personas de dos espíritus mientras recuerdan su historia y a los ancianos que vinieron antes para sanar traumas personales e históricos, a menudo a través de la conexión con la naturaleza, sus antepasados y la espiritualidad.

Abstract Framework: Although participatory approaches highlight the expertise of the participants and assign them responsibilities over the research process, there is less systematic discussion about the participants’ actual involvement in practice especially in the analysis and interpretation of the data. Despite the claims of equal partnership, the participant is often still perceived as the subject revealing hidden yet simple inside knowledge (first order account) around which the researcher, as a neutral outsider, builds complex theories by drawing on his/her scientific expertise (second order account). Goal and method: Our goal is to investigate how first and second order accounts contribute to a multi-layered analysis of the interview encounter by challenging binary thinking. We also explore the way interactional sociolinguistic methodology can inform participatory research by analyzing the way first and second order accounts are negotiated between interviewer and participant. We present the analysis of a discourse-based interview extract from our ongoing and completed work on the discourse analysis of formality in workplace emails in multinational companies in Greece. Findings: The results illustrate iterative processes of negotiation of meaning in situ and in line with the participants’ temporary and social roles. They highlight the importance of collaborative framing of the interpretation of and theorization from data in which the participants are co-creators. Shifting from static and purely essentialistic or constructivist understandings of the interviewer and participant to a holistic approach, this paper frames the interview encounter as an interactional domain of activity that can better capture the complexity of the lived experience.

Abstract The scope of this work was to assess the association between the duration of remote work and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 among individuals employed in Brazil. Data from the PNAD COVID19 (2020) survey were consulted. The variables in the work situation described included: absence from work due to physical distancing, work segment (work sector and formality: formal or informal private, military, statutory civil servant, CLT public sector, informal public sector, employer, self-employed/unpaid worker) and duration of remote work (no remote work for 1-2 months, 3-4 months, 5-7 months, respectively). The association between duration of remote work (exposure) and positive diagnosis for COVID-19 (outcome) was estimated by Cox regression, with adjustment for sociodemographic variables and work segment. The positive diagnosis of COVID-19 increased from 2.1% to 4.8% between July and November, and the frequency of remote work decreased from 11.6% to 9.5% between May and November. The risk of a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 was lower for people working remotely for 3-4 months, (HR=0.79; CI95%=0.67;0.92) and 5-7 months (HR=0.57; CI95%=0.48;0.67) compared to those who did not work remotely. There was a slight decrease in the percentage of remote work employees, and a longer duration reduced the risk of a positive diagnosis for COVID-19. COVID 19 COVID-1 Brazil COVID1 2020 (2020 consulted included distancing formality private military servant employer selfemployed/unpaid selfemployedunpaid self employed/unpaid unpaid worker no 12 1 2 1- 34 3 4 3- 57 5 7 5- respectively. respectively . respectively) exposure (exposure outcome (outcome regression 21 2.1 48 8 4.8 November 116 11 6 11.6 95 9 9.5 HR=0.79 HR079 HR 0 79 (HR=0.79 CI95%=0.670.92 CI95067092 CI CI95%=0.67 0.92 CI95 67 92 CI95%=0.67;0.92 HR=0.57 HR057 (HR=0.57 CI95%=0.480.67 CI95048067 CI95%=0.48 0.67 CI95%=0.48;0.67 employees COVID19. 19. COVID- 202 (202 selfemployed employedunpaid 2. 4. 11. 9. HR=0.7 HR07 (HR=0.7 670 CI95%=0.670.9 CI9506709 CI95067 CI95%=0.6 092 0.9 CI9 CI95%=0.67;0.9 HR=0.5 HR05 (HR=0.5 480 CI95%=0.480.6 CI9504806 CI95048 CI95%=0.4 067 0.6 CI95%=0.48;0.6 20 (20 HR=0. HR0 (HR=0. CI95%=0.670. CI950670 CI9506 CI95%=0. 09 0. CI95%=0.67;0. CI95%=0.480. CI950480 CI9504 06 CI95%=0.48;0. (2 HR=0 (HR=0 CI95%=0.670 CI950 CI95%=0 CI95%=0.67;0 CI95%=0.480 CI95%=0.48;0 ( HR= (HR= CI95%= CI95%=0.67; CI95%=0.48; (HR CI95%

Resumo Nosso objetivo foi analisar a associação entre a duração do trabalho remoto e o diagnóstico positivo da COVID-19 entre pessoas ocupadas no Brasil. Foram utilizados dados da PNAD COVID19 (2020). As variáveis sobre a situação do trabalho descritas foram: afastamento do trabalho em função do distanciamento físico, segmento de trabalho (setor de trabalho e formalidade: privado formal/informal, militar, servidor público estatutário, setor público CLT/informal, empregador, conta-própria/trabalhador não remunerado) e duração do trabalho remoto (sem trabalho remoto, 1-2 meses, 3-4 meses, 5-7 meses). Associação entre duração do trabalho remoto (exposição) e diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 (desfecho) foi estimada por regressão de Cox, com ajuste para variáveis sociodemográficas e segmento de trabalho. O diagnóstico positivo da COVID-19 aumentou de 2,1% para 4,8% entre julho e novembro, e a frequência de trabalho remoto reduziu de 11,6% para 9,5% entre maio e novembro. O risco de diagnóstico positivo da COVID-19 foi menor para pessoas que trabalharam remotamente por 3-4 meses (RR=0,79; IC95%=0,67;0,92) e 5 meses (RR=0,57; IC95%=0,48;0,67) comparadas àquelas que não trabalharam remotamente. Houve discreta redução do percentual de trabalhadores em trabalho remoto e sua maior extensão reduziu o risco de diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19. COVID 19 COVID-1 Brasil COVID1 2020. 2020 . (2020) foram físico formalidade formalinformal formal informal formal/informal militar estatutário CLTinformal CLT CLT/informal empregador contaprópria/trabalhador contaprópriatrabalhador conta própria/trabalhador própria trabalhador remunerado sem 12 1 2 1- 34 3 4 3- 57 7 5- meses. meses) exposição (exposição desfecho (desfecho Cox 21 2,1 48 8 4,8 novembro 116 11 6 11,6 95 9 9,5 RR=0,79 RR079 RR 0 79 (RR=0,79 IC95%=0,670,92 IC95067092 IC IC95%=0,67 0,92 IC95 67 92 IC95%=0,67;0,92 RR=0,57 RR057 (RR=0,57 IC95%=0,480,67 IC95048067 IC95%=0,48 0,67 IC95%=0,48;0,67 COVID19. 19. COVID- 202 (2020 contaprópria própriatrabalhador 2, 4, 11, 9, RR=0,7 RR07 (RR=0,7 670 IC95%=0,670,9 IC9506709 IC95067 IC95%=0,6 092 0,9 IC9 IC95%=0,67;0,9 RR=0,5 RR05 (RR=0,5 480 IC95%=0,480,6 IC9504806 IC95048 IC95%=0,4 067 0,6 IC95%=0,48;0,6 20 (202 RR=0, RR0 (RR=0, IC95%=0,670, IC950670 IC9506 IC95%=0, 09 0, IC95%=0,67;0, IC95%=0,480, IC950480 IC9504 06 IC95%=0,48;0, (20 RR=0 (RR=0 IC95%=0,670 IC950 IC95%=0 IC95%=0,67;0 IC95%=0,480 IC95%=0,48;0 (2 RR= (RR= IC95%= IC95%=0,67; IC95%=0,48; ( (RR IC95%

Since no recent study has been done about Afrikaans Fisher language the aim of this article is to give an updated linguistic description of this variety.1 Heiberg (1957) conducted a previous study. Varieties change all the time (D'Arcy, 2015:484) and Afrikaans Fisher language is no exception. Due to Covid-19 the researchers were unable to focus exclusively on subsistence fisher communities. Covid anxiousness led to the fact that many fishers did not want to take part in this qualitative study, in which, inter alia, questionnaires and interviews were used (Blume, 2023:35). All fishers indicating their willingness to participate were chosen as respondents if they were between 18 and 75 years of age. The sample of forty fishers is therefore small but is supplemented by various other sources. The areas covered were the coastal areas of the Eastern, Southwestern and Western Cape (Blume, 2023:35). Afrikaans Fisher language has been influenced by different languages, especially Dutch, Portuguese, Malay and English and is recognised as a variety due to several unique words and expressions. Stell, Luffin and Rakiep (2008:293) indicate that the initial Malay and Creole Portuguese of the 20th century led to the development of Muslim Afrikaans. Heiberg (1957:96) explains that the names of certain types offish have an Eastern origin and that they most probably show Malay or Portuguese influence, for example: daeraad: Portuguese, dorado, English dageraad (Blume, 2023:80). Dutch words like dòòdstròòm, kabbelau, omweer/onweer, platvisch (to mention a few) show remarkable similarities with Afrikaans (see Overdiep, 1940; Blume, 2023:108). The list below indicates examples of English influence: bait: something to lure the fish with bait caster: somebody who uses live bait to catch fish beaut: (noun) - a big or pretty fish beautiful: to describe a fish that is big or pretty bottom feeders: Amongst others steenbras, kapenaars, Rooi Roman, Miss Lucy, etcetera cast: fishing method using a hook, line, sinker and bait catch and release: catch fish and throw them back into the water chum, chumming: use bait to get a lot of fish in one place coffee grinder: a type of pulley drag, smooth drag: the breaks on the pulley - "die drag is smooth". dropshot: hook made of steel with a built-in sinker and bait which is used to catch fish edge - "daai edge gee": have a better chance of a catch happy days: exclamation of joy hook-up, double hook-up: when fish bite or when more than one fish is caught on one hook live bait: bait that is alive pink prawn: type of sand or mud prawn popper: artificial bait in the form of small fish pull: when you can see that a fish bites because of the movement of the line rocket: used to describe a fast fish - "Hy swem soos 'n rocket." run: when thefish bit but try to swim away with the hook and bait. The Afrikaans equivalents loop and hardloop are also used. single: when only one hook is used size: when a fish is legally big enough spinner: type of bait made of metal which turns around in the water tentacle: a type of bait, specifically octopus tentacle tooth wire: strong line used to catch fish trawl: method of pulling bait behind a boat trigger: "hongerkliertjie trigger": stimulation of the glands on certain types offish, usually when the chum method is used try wind: used instead of probeer inkatrol unbelievable: emotional exclamation wangle: manipulate tools to function as they should Hybrid (English and Afrikaans) forms are frequently used: The following English fish names are used: banded galjoen: also known as bastard galjoen, demba. belman: other names are baardman, belvis, tasselfish. bronze bream: alternative names are hottentot, das, Jan Bruin, John Brown, fat fish, copper bream, Nyizala, butterfish, etcetera. bronzy: variant of bronze bream. cob: kabeljou flatty: frequently used in the Eastern Cape instead of Kaapse stompneus. garrick: also called leervis, leerfish grunter: instead of knorhaan gruntertjie: instead of knorhaan Miss Lucy: instead of rooistompneus pig/pig nose: instead of witneussteenbras pyltail (stingray): instead of pylstert, skerpneuspylstert, blou pylstert, vlinderrog raggie: from ragged toothed shark instead of yellow shark, brown shark shad: (Afrikaans: elf) swart musselcracker: (Afrikaans: poenskop). This fish is also known as black biskop, witbek, black steenbras, saqomolo, swartbiskop. Most fishers use either musselcracker or poenskop. tiger: instead of tiger shark wit musselcracker: Also known as brusher, mussel crusher, silver steenbras, white biskop. Most fishers use musselcracker instead of biskop. yellowtail: Seriola lalandi (Blume, 2023:155-157). Fisher language differs in terms of degrees of standardisation as certain words also occur in the general vocabulary, as indicated in the latest Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT). Some words are not standardised as they are English words, for example shad (instead of elf) or they consist of hybrid forms, containing English and Afrikaans elements, like raggie for a specific type of shark. Other words and expressions are not included in the HAT, probably as they are not so well-known or frequently used in the general lexicon, for example bonnie/ bonnietjie instead of bonito. Stylistic variation is evident in the usage of the frequently used informal word flattie instead of stompneus. The degree of education can also lead to variation, as in skuide for skuite and kiewe for kieue. Certain meaning distinctions relating to Fisher language do not occur in the HAT, for example mas used as a verb and the meaning distinction "small boat" at the lemma bakkie.

Afrikaanse visserstaal is deur verskillende tale beïnvloed, waaronder veral Nederlands, Portugees, Maleis en Engels en word as variëteit onderskei op grond van heelwat unieke woorde en uitdrukkings. Daar is min geografiese differensiasie tussen Oos-Kaapse en Wes-Kaapse visserstaal as gevolg van die dialekkontinuum (Blume, 2023). Woorde in Afrikaanse visserstaal verskil ten opsigte van gestandaardiseerdheid deurdat sommige woorde ook in die algemene woordeskat voorkom, soos in die nuutste HAT aangedui. Sommige woorde is nie gestandaardiseer nie aangesien hulle Engelse woorde is, byvoorbeeld shad, of 'n hibridiese vorm van Engels en Afrikaans is, byvoorbeeld raggie. Ander woorde en uitdrukkings is nie in die HAT opgeneem nie, waarskynlik omdat hulle nie so bekend/gebruiklik is in die algemene leksikon nie, byvoorbeeld bonnie/bonnietjie in plaas van die standaardwoord bonito. Stylvlakverskille kom voor by die Standaardafrikaanse woord stompneus teenoorflatty (informeel). Laasgenoemde word eerder onder die vissers gebruik. Dit geld ook vir die gebruik van visserman teenoor visterman. Enkele woorde in HAT6 bevat nie die visserstaal-betekenisonderskeiding nie, byvoorbeeld bakkie en mas as werkwoord.

ABSTRACT In Eric Weil’s Logic of Philosophy, the work appears as a rupture with the absolute, an attitude of pure violence, whose opposition is realized by acting, therefore, it is mute. And yet, this attitude has a language. This paper seeks to understand how this contradiction is possible, characterizing the language that the work makes use of. To this end, we have divided this paper into three sections. In the first section, we present the distinction between language and discourse as understood by Weil. Thus arises the resource through which the loan of a discourse to violence is understood, which allows access to its language. In the second section we propose a division of the language of the work into three levels: phenomenon, formality and form. In this section we also discuss an example of the formality with the condition category. In the last section, we propose six features that constitute the third level of the language of the work: myth, metaphor, feeling, usefulness, proposition and imperative. The paper concludes with a review of the aspects worked in the light of the lie and with the proposal of an imperative that is opposed to the imperative of the work, therefore, to its language. Weils Weil s Philosophy absolute acting therefore mute yet possible end sections levels phenomenon form category myth metaphor feeling usefulness

RESUMO Na Lógica da filosofia de Eric Weil, a obra aparece como ruptura com o absoluto, atitude da violência pura, cuja oposição se realiza pelo agir, portanto, é muda. E mesmo assim, essa atitude possui uma linguagem. Nosso objetivo é compreender como essa contradição é possível, caracterizando a linguagem da qual a obra faz uso. Para tanto, propomos uma pesquisa dividida em três seções. Na primeira, apresentamos a distinção entre linguagem e discurso conforme entendido por Weil. Assim surge o recurso por meio do qual se entende o empréstimo de um discurso à violência, o que permite acessar sua linguagem. Na segunda seção propomos uma divisão da linguagem da obra em três níveis: do fenômeno, da formalidade e da forma. Nessa seção também discutimos um exemplo da formalidade com a categoria da condição. Na terceira seção, propomos seis traços que constituem o terceiro nível da linguagem da obra: mito, metáfora, sentimento, serventia, proposição e imperativo. Finalizamos com uma revisão dos aspectos trabalhados à luz da mentira e com a proposta de um imperativo que se opõe ao imperativo da obra, portanto, à sua linguagem. Weil absoluto pura agir portanto muda assim possível uso tanto seções primeira níveis fenômeno forma condição mito metáfora sentimento serventia

ABSTRACT In recent decades, the peripheries of Latin American metropolises have shown accelerated transformations and growing tensions that have consolidated and increased the presence of urban borders. In addition to inquiries about private urbanizations phenomena, the peripheries also demand renewed studies to recognize their variations in popular urbanization areas. The objective is to analyze different types of material and symbolic urban borders in a portion of recent occupation within the western axis of Buenos Aires Metropolitan Region (BAMR). A mixed methodology is proposed, it contemplates both a cartographic outlook ‘from above’ and an everyday urban experience perspective, ‘from below’. Three expressions of borders were identified in the study area: borders between formality and informality, jurisdictional borders based on state territoriality, and everyday micro-borderlines of distancing. These three are related and juxtaposed by deepening the material and symbolic restrictions that operate in the everyday life of the people who live, work and circulate there.

RESUMEN Las periferias de las metrópolis latinoamericanas mostraron, en las últimas décadas, transformaciones aceleradas y tensiones crecientes que consolidaron e incrementaron la presencia de fronteras urbanas. Además de indagaciones sobre fenómenos como las urbanizaciones privadas, las periferias también demandan estudios renovados para reconocer sus variaciones en ámbitos de urbanización popular. El objetivo es analizar distintos tipos de fronteras urbanas materiales y simbólicas en una porción de ocupación reciente dentro de la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (RMBA) sobre su eje oeste. Se propone una metodología mixta que contempla tanto una mirada cartográfica ‘desde arriba’ como una perspectiva desde las experiencias urbanas del cotidiano, ‘desde abajo’. Se identificaron tres expresiones de fronteras en el área de estudio: fronteras entre la formalidad y la informalidad, fronteras jurisdiccionales a partir de la territorialidad del Estado y microfronteras cotidianas de distanciamiento. Las tres se relacionan y se yuxtaponen al profundizar las restricciones materiales y simbólicas que operan en la vida cotidiana de las personas que allí residen, trabajan y circulan.

Abstract Research developed in the last decades about the object of the human estimative faculty, called cogitative, in Thomas Aquinas, has often fell into certain inaccuracies, which has made it difficult to correctly identify it with the natural estimative faculty of animals. The main problem has consisted in adequately connecting the particular intentio of sensible convenience and inconvenience, which Aquinas recognizes as the specific object of the estimative power in several passages of his work, with the individual as existing sub natura communi that, at the end of the thirteenth lesson of the second book of his Commentary on De Anima, points out as that formality that properly apprehends the cogitative power. On the one hand, this problem can only be solved by considering the methodology that Aquinas uses when he deals with human psychology. On the other hand, this connection can only be established based on a sufficient understanding of the relational nature of the particular intentio and the proper way of operating the senses in the human being that allows their ordering to the intelligence.

Resumen La indagación llevada a cabo en las últimas décadas acerca de la concepción de Tomás de Aquino del objeto de la facultad estimativa humana, llamada cogitativa, a menudo ha estado atravesada por ciertas imprecisiones, lo cual ha dificultado su correcta identificación con la estimativa natural del irracional. El problema principal consistió en conectar adecuadamente la intentio particular de conveniencia y perjuicio sensible, que el Aquinate reconoce como el objeto especificativo de la estimativa en varios pasajes de su obra, con el individuo que existe sub natura communi que, al final de la decimotercera lección del libro segundo de su Comentario al De Anima, señala como aquella formalidad que propiamente corresponde aprehender a la cogitativa del hombre. Por una parte, este problema no puede resolverse si no es tomando como referencia la metodología que Tomás de Aquino emplea cuando trata de la psicología humana. Por otra parte, dicha conexión solo puede establecerse sobre la base de una comprensión suficiente de la naturaleza relacional de la intentio particular y del modo propio de operar de los sentidos en el ser humano que permite su ordenación a la inteligencia.

RESUMEN Con la expresión “español transatlántico” apuntamos a un nodo de convergencias y tránsitos de escrituras que dialogan en lengua española a ambos lados del océano, configurando un archipiélago de múltiples orillas. La metáfora es operativa pues refleja sociedades multiculturales donde lo nativo/extranjero confluye, encarnado en autores nómadas, cosmopolitas, migrantes, interesados en un lector ubicuo y no necesariamente vecino y connacional. Con vocación panhispánica, el idioma común no resulta ya una formalidad impuesta que encubre diversidades radicales, sino una plataforma de lanzamiento para afianzar un intercambio dialógico, que respete las variaciones regionales e históricas, pero funcione como conector. Reconocer que el español como lengua mediadora nos une, no anula regionalismos ni dialectos territoriales y autonómicos. Aceptar esta realidad indiscutible de millones de personas que piensan, hablan y escriben en una lengua común, que nos comunica y representa, sin repetir leyendas negras del pasado, no me parece un gesto de claudicación sino de puro sentido común. El objetivo en esta era global es integrar sin marginar, a partir de consensos compartidos y políticas de las lenguas respetuosas de la diversidad, disolviendo los anacronismos del término atados a una tradición ya perimida, para resituar su familia textual frente a los nuevos paradigmas críticos.

ABSTRACT With the expression "transatlantic Spanish" we point to a node of convergences and transits of writings that dialogue in Spanish on both sides of the ocean, configuring an archipelago of multiple shores. The metaphor is operative because it reflects multicultural societies, where the native/foreign status converge, represented by nomadic authors, cosmopolitan, migrant, interested in a global reader not necessarily neighbor or connational. With a pan-Hispanic vocation, the common language is no longer an imposed formality that covers up radical diversity, but a starting point to strengthen a dialogical exchange, which respects regional and historical variations, but functions as a connector.. Recognize that Spanish as a mediating language does not ignore regionalisms or territorial and autonomous dialects. Accepting this undisputed reality of millions of people who think, speak and write in a common language, which communicates and represents us, without repeating black legends of the past, does not seem to me a gesture of surrender but of pure common sense. The objective in this global era is integration without marginalization, based on shared consensus and policies of languages respectful of diversity, dissolving the anachronisms of the term tied to an already anachronic tradition, to relocate its textual family inside new critical paradigms.

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar las variables que influyen en sobre la preferencia por la formalidad o informalidad de las nanoempresas en la localidad perimetropolitana de Milpa Alta, en la Ciudad de México. Para ello se realizó un experimento controlado a 122 individuos, en el que se destacaron las prerrogativas de la formalidad para obtener una matriz de transición y tres modelos Logit. Los resultados indican que 27% de los empresarios están dispuestos a transitar a la formalidad. Además, en la medida que el monto de la inversión inicial se incrementa, la preferencia por la informalidad disminuye, mientras que la preferencia por la formalidad incrementa cuando la escolaridad del individuo corresponde a licenciatura o ingeniería y, fite, entre más baja es la inversión inicial, resulta más difícil la transición informal-formal.

Abstract This article aims to study the variables that influence the preference for nano-businesses operating under a formal or informal status in the perimetropolitan area of Milpa Alta, Mexico City. For this purpose, a controlled experiment was carried out on 122 individuals, in which the advantages of a formal business status were highlighted in order to obtain a transition matrix and three Logit models. The results indicate that 27% of entrepreneurs are willing to transition to a formal business operation. Furthermore, as the initial investment increases, the preference for informality decreases, while the preference for formality increases when the individual has completed a bachelor's or engineering degree. Finally, the lower the initial investment, the more complex the informal-formal transition becomes.

RESUMEN En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la redacción de reconocimientos en tesis y disertaciones en el área de educación. Seleccionamos una muestra de textos de cinco programas de posgrado en universidades públicas, uno en cada región de Brasil. Hicimos una lectura indicativa de ellos, partiendo de su carácter autobiográfico y narrativo. Encontramos aspectos de la religiosidad; relaciones afectivas y familiares; convivir con el supervisor, profesores y empleados universitarios; lazos de amistad y colegialidad y apoyo de las agencias de desarrollo. Señalamos el agradecimiento como reconocimiento de las dificultades y la perseverancia en la investigación y la escritura; acción de gracias como formalidad, ironía o protesta; el reflejo del viaje y la percepción del propio proceso formativo. Concluimos con el carácter político de estos escritos, el compromiso social con la producción de conocimiento, así como el proceso colectivo y humanizador del trabajo investigativo en educación. educación públicas Brasil ellos narrativo religiosidad familiares supervisor universitarios desarrollo escritura formalidad protesta formativo escritos conocimiento

ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss the writing of acknowledgments in thesis and dissertations in education. We selected a sample of texts from five postgraduate programs at public universities, one in each region of Brazil. We read them using an evidential method, starting from the autobiographical and narrative character of this type of writing. We found aspects related to religiosity; affective and family relationships; coexistence with the supervisor, professors, and university employees; bonds of friendship and collegiality; and support from development agencies. We also pointed to recognition of difficulties and persistence in research and writing; thanksgiving as a formality, irony, or protest strategy; the reflection of the journey and; the perception of the formative process itself. We conclude with the political character of the acknowledgment writing, on social commitment to the production of knowledge, as well as the collective and humanizing process of investigative work in education. paper education universities Brazil method religiosity relationships supervisor professors employees collegiality agencies formality irony strategy itself knowledge

RESUMO Neste artigo, refletimos sobre a escrita de agradecimentos em teses e dissertações na área de educação. Selecionamos uma amostra de textos de cinco programas de pós-graduação de universidades públicas, um em cada região do país. Fizemos uma leitura indiciária dos textos, partindo do caráter autobiográfico e narrativo desse tipo de escrita. Encontramos aspectos ligados à religiosidade; relações afetivas e familiares; convivência com o orientador, professores e funcionários da universidade; vínculos de amizade e coleguismo; e apoio de agências de fomento. Sinalizamos marcas de reconhecimento das dificuldades e a persistência na pesquisa e escrita; formalidade, ironia ou estratégia de protesto; a reflexão do percurso; e a percepção do próprio processo formativo. Concluímos com o caráter político da escrita dos agradecimentos, considerando seu compromisso social com a produção do conhecimento e com o processo coletivo e humanizador do trabalho investigativo em educação. artigo educação pósgraduação pós graduação públicas país religiosidade familiares orientador universidade coleguismo fomento formalidade protesto percurso formativo