Resumo Introdução: A falta de profissionais especializados pode contribuir para incapacidade de atender à demanda por transplantes renais. Além disto, não existe uma proposta universal para o processo de formação de cirurgiões transplantadores. Nosso objetivo foi explorar características do programa de treinamento e atividades profissionais das equipes de transplante renal no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Convidamos os cirurgiões dos 19 centros de transplante renal ativos em Minas Gerais a participarem desse estudo transversal. Comparamos dados demográficos e de formação profissional utilizando modelos de regressão linear e logística. Resultados: A taxa de resposta entre os centros foi elevada (89%); metade dos cirurgiões responderam à pesquisa (39/78). A maioria dos centros eram instituições públicas de ensino, com contrato de remuneração por produção, com média de 6 ± 2,4 cirurgiões/equipe; 94,2% dos centros tinham urologistas. Os cirurgiões eram 95% homens (idade entre 46, 3 ± 9,7 anos) e 59% eram urologistas. A maioria estava envolvida em captação e transplante de órgãos; somente um trabalhava exclusivamente com transplante. O período médio desde a formação foi de 13 ± 9,4 anos, com média de 10 ± 9,7 anos como parte da equipe de transplante. Apenas 25,6% possuíam formação especializada ou formal em transplante, com somente um tendo concluído residência médica formal em transplante renal. A falta de programas de treinamento foi o motivo mais citado. Conclusão: Cirurgiões de transplante renal não são exclusivos e a maioria não concluiu um programa formal de treinamento em transplante pela falta de disponibilidade. Esses dados indicam necessidade de aprimorar programas de treinamento e facilitar a formação de novas equipes de transplante renal. Introdução renais disto transplantadores Brasil Métodos 1 transversal logística Resultados 89% 89 (89%) 39/78. 3978 39/78 . 39 78 (39/78) ensino produção 24 2 4 2, cirurgiões/equipe cirurgiõesequipe 942 94 94,2 urologistas 95 idade 46 97 9 7 9, 59 órgãos 256 25 25,6 citado Conclusão disponibilidade 8 (89% 397 39/7 (39/78 94, 5 25, (89 39/ (39/7 (8 (39/ ( (39 (3

Abstract Introduction: The lack of specialized professionals potentially contributes to the inability to meet the demand for kidney transplantations. Moreover, there is no universal proposal for the training process of transplantation surgeons. We aimed to explore the characteristics of the training program and professional activities of kidney transplantation teams in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: We invited the surgeons of all 19 active kidney transplantation centers in Minas Gerais to participate in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and professional training data were compared using linear and logistic regression models. Results: The response rate among the centers was high (89%); half of the surgeons answered the survey (39/78). Most of the centers were public teaching institutions, under a production-based payment contract, with a mean of 6 ± 2.4 surgeons/team; 94.2% of the centers had urologists. The surgeons were 95% male (age of 46.3 ± 9.7 years) and 59% were urologists. Most were involved in organ procurement and transplantation; only one surgeon worked exclusively with transplantation. The mean period since training was 13 ± 9.4 years, with a mean of 10 ± 9.7 years as part of the transplantation team. Only 25.6% had specialized or formal training in transplantation, with only one completing a formal medical residency for kidney transplantation. The lack of training programs was the most frequently cited reason. Conclusion: Kidney transplantation surgeons are not exclusive and most have not completed a formal fellowship program in transplantation because they are not available. These data indicate the need to improve training programs and facilitate the formation of new kidney transplantation teams. Introduction transplantations Moreover Brazil Methods 1 crosssectional cross sectional study models Results 89% 89 (89%) 39/78. 3978 39/78 . 39 78 (39/78) institutions productionbased production based contract 24 2 4 2. surgeons/team surgeonsteam team 942 94 94.2 urologists 95 age 463 46 3 46. 97 9 7 9. 59 256 25 25.6 reason Conclusion available 8 (89% 397 39/7 (39/78 94. 5 25. (89 39/ (39/7 (8 (39/ ( (39 (3

BACKGROUND: Unani Tibb promotes holistic patient care, yet spirituality and spiritual care seem to be neglected in education. This theory-practice gap was previously highlighted in studies on Unani Tibb practitioners. The role of spirituality and spiritual care in Unani Tibb education in South Africa (SA) remains unclear OBJECTIVES: To explore Unani Tibb students' and educators' perceptions and attitudes of spirituality and spiritual care in SA METHODS: A two-stage sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted. Quantitative data from stage 1 was obtained using a cross-sectional descriptive study followed by in-depth interviews for the qualitative study in stage 2. Stage 1 guided the interview questions in stage 2. Descriptive data analysis was performed for the quantitative study, followed by thematic analysis for the qualitative data RESULTS: A total of 18 (90%) participants took part in the quantitative study followed by 10 participants (50%) in the qualitative study. Three study findings emerged: i) a heightened level of spiritual awareness was recorded for this cohort despite the lack of spirituality and spiritual care content in the curriculum, ii) participants viewed spiritual care as integral to Unani Tibb philosophy, education and practice and iii) formal integration of spirituality and spiritual care concepts in Unani Tibb education was identified as a necessity to ensure the integrity of the holistic approach required by the profession CONCLUSION: This study has implications across the health education sector and more specifically for Unani Tibb educators to consider the inclusion of spiritual care content in education programmes

BACKGROUND: Despite benefits, structured mentorship needs to be better recognised within health profession training institutions (HPI) in Southern Africa (SA). Given the need to transform faculties and retain skilled personnel, mentoring programmes can be used to address these needs and warrant further exploration OBJECTIVE: To explore mentorship models within HPI in SA METHODS: During the annual South African Health Educationalists Conference (SAAHE) in 2022, five academics from HPIs in the region conducted an interactive national workshop on mentorship in health professions education. Following a presentation on mentorship models, participants were allowed to share their perspectives on current mentorship practices, gaps and recommendations for enhancing mentorship. Key concepts and themes generated are reported RESULTS: Three key approaches to mentorship models were identified during the workshop. These were 'top-down', 'ad-hoc' and 'supportive' approaches. Mentorship models were largely self-initiated and followed a traditional dyadic style with little innovation. Mandatory 'top-down', over-regulated programmes compared with 'grassroots' approaches were the two extremes reflected on the spectrum of models. While the benefits of mentorship were recognised, institution-wide implementation is lacking, reflecting varied or no widescale adoption. Mentorship could serve as a focused, formal strategy to ensure the demographic transformation of HPIs. Recommendations were made to measure the effectiveness of mentorship programmes against academic promotion criteria and research outputs CONCLUSION: While mentorship is positively viewed as a means to ensure improved equity and outputs, practical implementation is lacking. Mentorship programmes require further exploration of models and processes to facilitate successful implementation

Abstract Introduction: Nurses' intervention in the process of parental grief within primary healthcare reflects a fundamental health need, supporting couples in the experience of transition following the death of a child. It is crucial to value the functional and emotional balance of the family, as well as the grieving experience and associated feelings. Goals: To map the scientific evidence on nursing interventions within primary healthcare aimed at couples grieving the death of a child. Methods: A Scoping Review conducted following the PRISMA-ScR methodology and PCC mnemonic: population, concept, and context. Searches were performed in PubMed, CINAHL Complete, B-On, Science Direct, and RCAAP databases. Studies published in Portuguese, Spanish, and English from 2018 to 2023 were included. Identified studies were organized using Rayyan®, and their relevance was analyzed by two independent reviewers. Out of 1021 available articles, seven were included in the review. Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis: grief manifestations (denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance); attitudes and behaviors promoting adaptive grief (religion, rituals, end-of-life care at home, redefining life goals, time occupation, self-care); obstacles to adaptive grief (insufficient professional support and behaviors of others); and support networks for parental grief (formal and informal). Final considerations: The grief experiences of couples allowed mapping of Family Health Nursing interventions aimed at couples grieving the death of a child, highlighting their priority, as well as the need for professional training in this area.

Resumo Introdução: A intervenção dos enfermeiros no processo de luto parental, em cuidados de saúde primários, espelha uma necessidade de saúde basilar, assistindo na vivência de um processo de transição pelo casal. Torna-se crucial a valorização do equilíbrio funcional e emocional da família, bem como a experiência de luto e os sentimentos vivenciados. Objetivo: Mapear a evidência científica sobre as intervenções de enfermagem, em cuidados de saúde primários, dirigidas ao casal enlutado pela morte de um filho. Metodologia: Scoping Review realizada de acordo com a metodologia PRISMA-ScR e a mnemónica PCC: população, conceito e contexto. Pesquisa realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL Complete, B-On, Science Direct e RCAAP. Estudos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês foram incluídos, com o limite temporal 2018-2023. Os estudos identificados foram organizados no Rayyan®, e a sua relevância, analisada por dois revisores independentes. Dos 1021 artigos disponíveis, sete foram incluídos na revisão. Resultados: Da análise emergiram quatro temas: manifestações de luto (negação, raiva, negociação, depressão, aceitação); atitudes e comportamentos promotores de luto adaptativo (religião, rituais, fim de vida no domicílio, redefinição de objetivos de vida, ocupação do tempo, autocuidado); obstáculos ao luto adaptativo (apoio dos profissionais insuficiente e comportamentos de outras pessoas) e redes de apoio no luto parental (formal e informal). Considerações finais: As experiências de luto vivenciadas pelo casal, permitiram mapear as intervenções de Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar dirigidas ao casal pela morte do filho, as quais emergem como prioritárias, bem como a formação profissional na área.

Abstract Introduction. The perioperative management of hepatobiliary emergencies by the general surgeon is an expected competence and is considered a challenge due to its relative frequency, impact on the individual health and the economy, as well as the implications for reliable and high-quality clinical practice. The formal aspects of education in hepatobiliary surgery for the general surgeon in Colombia are unknown. The objective of the present study was to explore the perspective of hepatobiliary surgeons on this problem. Methods. A qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 14 Colombian hepatobiliary surgery specialists, where the challenges of training, time and characteristics of the rotation, evaluation of reliability, number of procedures and role of simulation. A thematic analysis of the information was carried out. Results. The experts mentioned the importance of mandatory rotation for hepatobiliary surgery for surgeons in training. The ideal duration was three months, during the last year of residency, in specialized centers with active exposure and under supervision. Conclusions. Due to the epidemiological characteristics of the country and the frequency of hepatobiliary diseases that require surgical treatment, it is necessary for the general surgeon to have solid training in this field during residency. The present study reports on the ideal characteristics of training in this field from the perspective of Colombian experts.

Resumen Introducción. El manejo perioperatorio de las urgencias hepatobiliares por parte del cirujano general es una competencia esperada y se considera un reto por su relativa frecuencia, impacto en la salud del individuo y la economía, así como las implicaciones en el ejercicio clínico confiable y de alta calidad. Se desconocen los aspectos formales de la educación en cirugía hepatobiliar para el cirujano general en Colombia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la perspectiva de los cirujanos hepatobiliares sobre esta problemática. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con 14 especialistas en cirugía hepatobiliar colombianos, en donde se exploraron los desafíos del entrenamiento, el tiempo y las características de una rotación, la evaluación de la confiabilidad, el número de procedimientos y el rol de la simulación. Se hizo un análisis temático de la información. Resultados. Los expertos mencionaron la importancia de la rotación obligatoria por cirugía hepatobiliar para los cirujanos en formación. El tiempo ideal es de tres meses, en el último año de residencia, en centros especializados, con exposición activa y bajo supervisión. Conclusiones. Por las características epidemiológicas del país y la frecuencia de enfermedades hepatobiliares que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, es necesario que el cirujano general cuente con una formación sólida en este campo durante la residencia. El presente estudio informa sobre las características ideales del entrenamiento en este campo desde la visión de los expertos colombianos.

Abstract Background: The right to access safe and high-quality sexual and reproductive healthcare is part of the well-being of all people. There is a scarcity of clinical guidelines regarding transgender (TG) specific family planning. Objective: This synthesis of information intends to describe the approach towards the TG population’s sexual health. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in the MEDLINE and Scopus databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. The quality of retrieved studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist for qualitative studies and an adapted version of the Quality Assessment Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022371962). Results: From the 671 articles retrieved, 13 fulfilled the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were selected to perform the in-depth analysis. Phenomena of interest were subdivided into patient and provider-level issues, contraception, fertility preservation, and cancer screening. Contraception can have many purposes, including the prevention of pregnancy, and frequently exerts an impact on gender dysphoria. A great percentage of TG patients believe that testosterone may be used as a contraceptive method, which prevents recognition of their pregnancy risk. Providers’ lack of formal education plus the discrimination TG people face contribute to the rising of myths and misinformation among the population. Most TG people desire to be parents, but the question of whether biologically or not is mostly undefined. TG people do not routinely undertake pelvic examinations or PAP smears. Conclusion: The present review outlines the urge to develop guidelines for TG sexual and reproductive health. Primary care doctors are vital in managing TG people’s health concerns.

Resumo Introdução: O acesso a cuidados de saúde sexuais e reprodutivos seguros e de alta qualidade faz parte dos direitos e bem-estar de todas as pessoas. Há uma escassez de diretrizes clínicas específicas para a população transgénero (TG). Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática pretende descrever a abordagem da saúde sexual da população TG. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistematizada em duas bases de dados, MEDLINE e Scopus, seguindo os Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada utilizando o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist para estudos qualitativos e uma versão adaptada do Quality Assessment Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. O protocolo foi registado na plataforma PROSPERO (CRD42022371962). Resultados: Dos 671 artigos recuperados através da pesquisa, 13 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão e foram selecionados para análise. Os fenómenos de interesse foram subdivididos em problemas relativos ao paciente e ao prestador de cuidados, contraceção, preservação da fertilidade e rastreio de cancro cervical. Os métodos contracetivos podem ser usados com vista à prevenção da gravidez, tendo também impacto na disforia de género. Uma percentagem significativa dos utentes TG acredita que a testosterona pode ser usada como método contracetivo, o que os impede de reconhecer o seu risco de engravidar. A escassez de educação formal dos profissionais de saúde neste tema, aliada à discriminação da população TG, contribui para o aumento dos mitos em saúde. A maioria dos TG deseja a parentalidade, não definindo preferência relativamente a filhos biológicos ou não. A realização de exame pélvico e rastreio do cancro cervical não é rotineira na população TG. Conclusão: A presente revisão reforça a relevância e necessidade de desenvolver guidelines no âmbito da saúde sexual e reprodutiva da população TG. Os cuidados de saúde primários são de vital importância na gestão dos problemas de saúde desta população.

Academics from South African Universities have recently been bound to possess digital skills for curriculum delivery due to the lessons learned from the COVID-19 era. Universities have implemented various interventions to enhance digital skills in academics, which include but are not limited to training workshops, organised webinars, and seminars. Irrespective of these interventions, some academics still lack the digital skills to deliver effective digital curricula. The primary aim of the research is to develop other methods to address the shortage of digital skills among scholars. This research is based on a three-year qualitative interpretive study carried out at a university in South Africa, exploring a scenario where academics share their experiences on utilising digital platforms for teaching and learning following the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was generated purposefully and conveniently by sampling thirty-two academics from the school of education. The methods used for data generation included e-reflective activities, Zoom group discussions, and semi-structured interviews conducted one-on-one via WhatsApp. After thematic analysis, findings show that academics' digital background becomes the barrier to having the necessary digital skills for digital curriculum delivery. Hence, most of them were driven by informal skills for social needs and personal digital skills for individual needs at the expense of formal digital skills for discipline needs. With universities in developing countries still becoming victims of student protests, natural disasters, and other challenges, alternatives are being sought to accommodate the transition from face-to-face to online or hybrid curriculum delivery modes.

Abstract Studies reviewing environmental psychology in Colombia have focused on documenting the field based on articles published in psychology journals by authors who self-identify with the area. However, there are few studies on the works published in other areas of knowledge about this field. For this reason, the paper reviews in a panoramic way -without distinction of areas- the scientific production in environmental psychology with Colombian samples. A total of 105 documents, retrieved through Scopus, were analyzed. The results report the bibliometric characterization and the thematic quadrants by relevance (niche: environmental management and urban planning; driving force: climate change, research in transformative services, environmental education and sustainability; emerging/declining: thermal comfort, architecture; basic: pro-environmental attitudes and behavior, risk perception). The interdisciplinary nature of the sources, topics, productivity and impact of the agents, different from those reported in other reviews, stands out. On the other hand, there is a low interaction of authors and a concentration of citations to papers with international leadership. These findings broaden the perspective of environmental psychology in the country, with researchers from other disciplines contributing to theory, methods and intervention. It is argued that the structure of the professional field is motivated by an externalist, interdisciplinary and intervention-oriented agenda, therefore, the consolidation and registration of this academic community requires a greater openness of the formal institutions of the field to professionals from other areas and a dynamic and interdisciplinary scientific exchange.

Resumen Los estudios de revisión de la psicología ambiental en Colombia se han centrado en documentar el campo a partir de los artículos publicados en revistas de psicología por autores que se autoidentifican con el área. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre los trabajos que se publican en otras áreas de conocimiento sobre este campo. Por esto, el trabajo revisa de manera panorámica —sin distinción de áreas— la producción científica en psicología ambiental con muestras colombianas. Se analizaron un total de 105 documentos recuperados de Scopus. En los resultados se reportan la caracterización bibliométrica y los cuadrantes temáticos por relevancia (nicho: gestión ambiental y planeación urbana; motor: cambio climático, investigación en servicios transformativos, educación ambiental y sostenibilidad; emergentes/declive: confort térmico, arquitectura; básicos: actitudes y comportamiento proambiental, percepción del riesgo). Se destaca el carácter interdisciplinar de las fuentes, los temas, la productividad e impacto de los agentes, diferentes a los reportados en otras revisiones. Por otra parte, hay una baja interacción de los autores y una concentración de las citas a trabajos con liderazgo internacional. Estos hallazgos amplían la perspectiva de la psicología ambiental del país, con investigadores de otras disciplinas que contribuyen a la teoría, métodos e intervención. Se discute que la estructura del campo profesional está motivada por una agenda externalista, interdisciplinar y orientada a la intervención; por lo cual, la consolidación y el registro de esta comunidad académica requiere una mayor apertura de las instituciones formales del campo a profesionales de otras áreas y un intercambio científico dinámico e interdisciplinar.

Abstract Human resources to provide formal long-term care for the elderly are growing demand in Latin America. There is a lack of training in the caregiving workforce in the region, prompting governments to prioritize training as the develop their Care Systems. The aim of this study is to analyze the contents included in technical training programs offered in Colombia, Costa Rica and Uruguay, and compare them with the educational needs and interest reported by caregivers, as well as with international study programs and training that incorporate the person centered care approach. This descriptive study used a mixes methods approach, applying a concurrent triangulation strategy of qualitative and quantitative data. A documentary review of eight caregiving curricula from the three countries was conducted to identify content, and 109 caregivers were surveyed between November 2021 and March 2022, inquiring about work conditions, challenges, and educational interests. The identified contents were organized around five dimensions that cut across the person centered care approach. There was a greater emphasis on topics related to acquiring skills for healthcare and establishing daily care routines, compared to topics related to humane treatment and the development of personalized plans with the elderly, which were among the most mentioned by caregivers. Further research needed to understand the educational interests of caregivers. And to delve into programs in more countries in the region.

Resumen Los recursos humanos capaces de brindar cuidados formales de largo plazo para personas mayores son una demanda creciente en Latinoamérica. En la región, existe déficit formativo en las personas cuidadoras, por lo que los gobiernos plantean la capacitación como prioridad, al desarrollar sus sistemas de cuidados. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los contenidos incluidos en los programas formativos técnicos, ofrecidos en Colombia, Costa Rica y Uruguay y compararlos con las necesidades e intereses educativos reportados por quienes cuidan, así como con programas de estudio y formaciones que incorporan el enfoque de atención centrada en la persona a nivel internacional. Estudio descriptivo, a través de un estudio mixto, aplicando una estrategia concurrente de triangulación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Se realizó revisión documental de ocho planes de estudio en cuidados de los tres países para identificar contenidos y se encuestó a 109 personas cuidadoras entre noviembre 2021 y marzo 2022, consultando acerca de condiciones laborales, retos e intereses formativos. Los contenidos identificados, se organizaron en torno a cinco dimensiones que transversalizan el enfoque de Atención Centrada en las Personas. Se identificó mayor representación de temáticas asociadas a aprender competencias para el cuidado sanitario y establecer rutinas de cuidado cotidiano, que, para el trato humanizado y el desarrollo de planes personalizados con la persona mayor, aunque estos últimos fueron de los más mencionados por quienes cuidan. Se requieren más estudios para conocer intereses formativos de quienes cuidan, así como para profundizar en programas de más países de la región.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi caracterizar a situação da inclusão financeira no setor rural do cantão de Guayaquil, bem como o papel das cooperativas de poupança e crédito nesse processo. Os métodos utilizados foram hipotético-dedutivos, bem como revisão e análise documental, pesquisa e entrevista. O estudo foi realizado nas paróquias rurais de Posorja, Puná, Tenguel e Morro, em Guayaquil, Equador, onde vive um total de 27.017 pessoas com mais de 18 anos de idade. Constatou-se que as cooperativas de poupança e crédito são mais relevantes em locais onde a ruralidade e a pobreza são maiores e que a população rural tem uma percepção mista do desempenho das instituições financeiras formais, pois desconfia e está insatisfeita com a forma como esses estabelecimentos operam. Os níveis de inclusão financeira são insuficientes, enquanto as cooperativas de poupança e crédito podem contribuir para melhorar essa situação.

Abstract The article aimed to characterize the situation of financial inclusion in the rural sector of the Guayaquil canton, as well as the role of savings and credit cooperatives in this process. The hypothetical-deductive methods were applied, as well as the documentary review and analysis, the survey and the interview. The study was carried out in the rural parishes of Posorja, Puná, Tenguel and Morro in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where a total of 27,017 people over 18 years of age reside. It was obtained that savings and credit cooperatives have greater relevance in places where rurality and poverty are greater and that people in rural areas maintain a regular perception of the development of formal financial entities, since they are distrustful and dissatisfied with the way these establishments operate. Levels of financial inclusion are insufficient, while savings and credit cooperatives can contribute to improving this situation.

Resumen El artículo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la situación de la inclusión financiera en el sector rural del cantón Guayaquil, así como el papel de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en este proceso. Como métodos se aplicaron el hipotético-deductivo, así como la revisión y análisis documental, la encuesta y la entrevista. El estudio se llevó a cabo en las parroquias rurales de Posorja, Puná, Tenguel y Morro en Guayaquil, Ecuador, donde residen un total de 27017 personas mayores de 18 años. Se obtuvo que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito tienen una mayor relevancia en lugares donde la ruralidad y pobreza es mayor y que las personas del medio rural mantienen una percepción regular ante el desenvolvimiento de las entidades financieras formales, ya que se muestran desconfiadas e insatisfechas con la forma de funcionamiento de estos establecimientos. Los niveles de inclusión financiera son insuficientes, mientras que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito pueden contribuir a mejorar esta situación.

RESUMEN La preparación de líderes comunitarios formales en los primeros auxilios para situación de desastre constituye un proceso pertinente para el desarrollo sostenible, por lo que se tuvo como objetivo diseñar una estrategia pedagógica para el proceso de preparación de líderes comunitarios formales en los primeros auxilios para situación de desastre. La metodología de investigación fue tipo cualitativo y descriptiva, que asumió el método dialéctico-materialista. Los métodos del nivel teórico permitieron realizar una sistematización de los referentes teóricos; los del nivel empírico facilitaron diagnosticar la situación real y actual, y los estadísticos proporcionaron la comprensión del nivel situacional del proceso. El resultado es una estrategia pedagógica que se fundamenta en el principio del carácter sistémico y se materializa en la práctica educativa, a través de un programa de estudio, un sistema de talleres y un Fórum Científico para socializar los efectos del proceso de preparación, por lo que constituyó un producto científico para la preparación de líderes comunitarios formales en los primeros auxilios para situación de desastre y así contribuir al cumplimento de un importante eslabón del Programa de la Educación Ambiental para el Desarrollo Sostenible, la Tarea Vida así como de la Directiva 1/2022 para la reducción del riesgo de desastre.

ABSTRACT The preparation of formal community leaders in first aid for disaster situations constitutes a relevant process for Sustainable Development; whose objective is to design a pedagogical strategy for the process of preparing formal community leaders in first aid for disaster situations; The research methodology is a qualitative and descriptive type that assumed the Dialectical Materialist Method, which bases methods at the theoretical level that allowed for a systematization of the theoretical references, those at the empirical level facilitated diagnosing the real and current situation, and the statisticians provided understanding. from the situational level of the process. The result is a pedagogical strategy that is based on the principle of systemic character and is materialized in educational practice, through a study program, a system of workshops and a Scientific Forum to socialize the effects of the preparation process, therefore which constituted a scientific product for the preparation of formal community leaders in first aid for disaster situations and thus contribute to the fulfillment of an important link in the Environmental Education Program for Sustainable Development, the Life Task as well as Directive 1/ 2022 for disaster risk reduction.

BACKGROUND. The University of Botswana Faculty of Medicine (UB FOM) is the only medical school in Botswana, and was opened to address shortages that other workforce strategies were not achieving at a sufficient rate. The UB FOM programme involves early patient contact at all levels of healthcare. Newly-graduated doctors are expected to perform managerial responsibilities, a role which few medical curricula include formal training for. OBJECTIVES. To explore the perceptions of graduates and medical educators (MEs) on the leadership and management training in the medical curriculum in Botswana. METHODS. A non-theory driven qualitative study using thematic analysis was conducted. Twelve MEs and graduates from UB FOM were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Data were transcribed and analysed. RESULTS. Two themes were developed: Starting small to be tall and Planting the seeds. Theme 1 describes the explicit messages of being future managers and leaders unaccompanied by formal training. Theme 2 acknowledges the insufficient training and describes the call for scaffolded longitudinal leadership and management teaching, and enhanced interprofessional education. CONCLUSION. Elements of leadership and management training are already included within the curriculum. The health system expectation that these graduates will immediately assume leadership and management responsibilities necessitates the strengthening of these aspects. The inclusion of critical content and further expansion of interprofessional education can be considered. The UB FOM is in a position to actualise its identified leadership and management competencies to serve the needs of its graduates and those in their care.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la infertilidad es un problema de salud, que afecta cada vez con mayor incidencia, a ambos sexos. La endometriosis es una de las afecciones ginecológicas más frecuentes y una de las principales causas de infertilidad femenina. Objetivo: determinar los conocimientos sobre endometritis crónica que poseen las féminas del cantón de Ambato, Ecuador. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en mujeres con endometritis crónica, pertenecientes al cantón de Ambato, durante el período de julio a diciembre de 2022. La muestra fue de 30 pacientes seleccionadas mediante muestreo no probabilístico de bola de nieve. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático y se empleó el método de Mapas Cognitivos Difusos. Para la recolección de la información se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: existió un predominio de pacientes entre 26 a 30 años de edad. El 76,7 % de las pacientes refirieron no poseer conocimientos sobre el tema, el 86,7 % no había recibido educación sexual y reproductiva formal y el 70 % había sido estigmatizado. El 83,3 % de las féminas refirieron no visitar periódicamente un profesional de salud reproductiva y el 76,7 % no había accedido a información sobre la temática. El 100 % de las pacientes consideraron necesario realizar talleres, charlas y realizar intervenciones comunitarias para sensibilizar sobre el impacto de la endometritis crónica en la fertilidad femenina. Conclusiones: la endometritis crónica estuvo presente en féminas en edad reproductiva, por lo que resulta necesario desarrollar estrategias de prevención de salud para minimizar su incidencia.

ABSTRACT Foundation: infertility is a health problem that affects both sexes with increasing incidence. Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological conditions and one of the main causes of female infertility. Objective: determine the knowledge about chronic endometritis that women in the canton of Ambato, Ecuador, have. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in women with chronic endometritis, belonging to the canton of Ambato, during the period from July to December 2022. The sample was 30 patients selected through non-probabilistic snowball sampling. A thematic content analysis was carried out and the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps method was used. To collect the information, a semi-structured interview was carried out. Results: there was a predominance of patients between 26 and 30 years of age. 76,7 % of the patients reported not having knowledge on the subject, 86,7 % had not received formal sexual and reproductive education and 70 % had been stigmatized. 83,3 % of the women reported not periodically visiting a reproductive health professional and 76,7 % had not accessed information on the subject. 100 % of the patients considered it necessary to hold workshops, talks and carry out community interventions to raise awareness about the impact of chronic endometritis on female fertility. Conclusions: chronic endometritis was present in women of reproductive age, so it is necessary to develop health prevention strategies to minimize its incidence.

Resumo O objetivo foi identificar o arcabouço regulatório e as orientações federais que sustentam o processo de implementação de tecnologias em saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), por meio da análise de documentos e legislações relacionados à Política Nacional de Gestão de Tecnologias de Saúde, publicados entre 2009 e 2021. Foi realizada busca e seleção dos documentos e posterior extração de dados, agrupados por três categorias: normativas estruturantes, recomendações na avaliação de tecnologias e recomendações nas diretrizes clínicas. Em 38,8% das normativas, foram identificadas citações à implementação relacionadas principalmente às diretrizes clínicas do SUS, mas nenhum documento dedicado a orientar as ações de implementação. As recomendações relacionadas às implementações foram identificadas em 27,1% dos relatórios e em 66,1% das diretrizes, mas sem padronização e, de modo geral, pouco detalhadas, com foco em recursos e ações necessárias para a disponibilização da tecnologia, ao invés de métodos e intervenções para implementação. Os resultados confirmam a existência de uma lacuna de diretrizes formais para guiar o processo de implementação no Brasil, o que se constitui em oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de modelos alinhados à realidade do SUS.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the regulatory framework and federal guidelines that support the process of implementing health technologies in the Unified Health System (SUS) through analysis of documents and legislation related to the National Health Technology Management Policy, published between 2009 and 2021. The search and selection of documents and subsequent data extraction were carried out. The documents were grouped into three categories: structural regulatory documents, recommendations on evaluation of technologies, and recommendations on clinical guidelines. In 38.8% of the regulatory documents, citations to implementation related mainly to SUS clinical guidelines were identified; however, no document dedicated to guiding implementation actions was identified. Recommendations related to implementations were identified in 27.1% of the reports and 66.1% of the guidelines, although without standardization and, in general, in little detail, focusing on resources and actions needed for making technology available rather than on methods and interventions for its implementation. The results evidence a gap in formal guidelines to guide the implementation process in Brazil, representing an opportunity for the development of models aligned with the reality of the SUS.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the regulatory framework and federal guidelines that support the process of implementing health technologies in the Unified Health System (SUS) through analysis of documents and legislation related to the National Health Technology Management Policy, published between 2009 and 2021. The search and selection of documents and subsequent data extraction were carried out. The documents were grouped into three categories: structural regulatory documents, recommendations on evaluation of technologies, and recommendations on clinical guidelines. In 38.8% of the regulatory documents, citations to implementation related mainly to SUS clinical guidelines were identified; however, no document dedicated to guiding implementation actions was identified. Recommendations related to implementations were identified in 27.1% of the reports and 66.1% of the guidelines, although without standardization and, in general, in little detail, focusing on resources and actions needed for making technology available rather than on methods and interventions for its implementation. The results evidence a gap in formal guidelines to guide the implementation process in Brazil, representing an opportunity for the development of models aligned with the reality of the SUS.

Resumo O objetivo foi identificar o arcabouço regulatório e as orientações federais que sustentam o processo de implementação de tecnologias em saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), por meio da análise de documentos e legislações relacionados à Política Nacional de Gestão de Tecnologias de Saúde, publicados entre 2009 e 2021. Foi realizada busca e seleção dos documentos e posterior extração de dados, agrupados por três categorias: normativas estruturantes, recomendações na avaliação de tecnologias e recomendações nas diretrizes clínicas. Em 38,8% das normativas, foram identificadas citações à implementação relacionadas principalmente às diretrizes clínicas do SUS, mas nenhum documento dedicado a orientar as ações de implementação. As recomendações relacionadas às implementações foram identificadas em 27,1% dos relatórios e em 66,1% das diretrizes, mas sem padronização e, de modo geral, pouco detalhadas, com foco em recursos e ações necessárias para a disponibilização da tecnologia, ao invés de métodos e intervenções para implementação. Os resultados confirmam a existência de uma lacuna de diretrizes formais para guiar o processo de implementação no Brasil, o que se constitui em oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de modelos alinhados à realidade do SUS.