Resumen: Los profesionales en bibliotecología debieron adaptar la modalidad de teletrabajo o trabajo remoto a las bibliotecas escolares para dar soporte al centro educativo en el aprendizaje del estudiantado. Este estudio se realizó en el año 2020 con profesionales de bibliotecología de las bibliotecas escolares del circuito 04 de la Dirección Regional de Heredia. Con respecto al diseño de la investigación, este se llevó a cabo por medio de la implementación de un cuestionario aplicado en el primer trimestre del 2020, dirigido a profesionales en bibliotecología que ejercen en seis centros educativos que cuentan con existencia de código formal para las bibliotecas del circuito 04, de la Dirección Regional de la provincia de Heredia. Se logró determinar que las plataformas virtuales fueron un aliado para la comunicación directa entre las personas estudiantes, personas docentes y profesionales en bibliotecología, además se logró identificar las diferentes labores realizadas por quienes desempeñaron su trabajo en bibliotecas escolares durante la pandemia. Se identificó que el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para el desarrollo de las actividades realizadas por las bibliotecas escolares constituyó un reto.

Resumo: Os profissionais em biblioteconomia tiveram que adaptar a modalidade de teletrabalho ou trabalho remoto às bibliotecas escolares para apoiar o centro educativo na aprendizagem do estudantado. Este estudo foi realizado em 2020 com profissionais de biblioteconomia das bibliotecas escolares do circuito 04 da Direção Regional de Heredia. A respeito do desenho da investigação, este foi realizado através da aplicação de um questionário aplicado no primeiro trimestre de 2020, dirigido aos profissionais de biblioteconomia que exercem atividade em seis centros educativos que possuem um código formal para bibliotecas do circuito 04, da Direção Regional da província de Heredia. Constatou-se que as plataformas virtuais eram aliadas para a comunicação direta entre as pessoas estudantes, pessoas docentes e profissionais em biblioteconomia, e também foi possível identificar as diferentes tarefas desempenhadas por quem trabalhava nas bibliotecas escolares durante a pandemia. Identificou-se que a utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento das atividades realizadas pelas bibliotecas escolares constituiu um desafio.

Abstract: Librarians had to adapt teleworking to school libraries in order to support the educational center in the learning process of students. This study was carried out in 2020 with librarians of school libraries of Circuit 04 of the Regional Directorate of Heredia. The research design was carried out by means of a questionnaire applied in the first quarter of 2020 to librarians from six educational centers that have a formal code for libraries of Circuit 04 of the Regional Directorate of the province of Heredia. It was found that virtual platforms are fundamental for direct communication between students, teachers and librarians. The different tasks performed by those who worked in school libraries during the pandemic were also identified. The use of technological tools to develop school library activities was a challenge.

Abstract The objective of this research was to verify the relationship between educational level, quality of life, functional capacity and cognitive abilities in a group of people over 60 years of age. Quantitative methodology was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design. A sample of 120 older people was selected through non-probabilistic sampling and divided into: people with complete or incomplete primary education, people with complete or incomplete secondary education, and people with complete or incomplete higher education. The data collection instruments were the MoCA test to evaluate cognitive functions, the ViDA questionnaire to evaluate functional capacity, and the WHOQoL to collect data on quality of life. It was confirmed through the Chi-square test that there is a relationship between the level of education and functional capacity, cognitive capacity and the physical dimension of quality of life. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, it was found that there are significant differences regarding cognitive ability in all groups. Thus, emphasis was placed on formal education as a necessary instance for healthy aging, which must be accompanied by informal education strategies.

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue constatar la relación existente entre el nivel educativo, calidad de vida, capacidad funcional y capacidades cognitivas en un grupo de personas mayores de 60 años. Se utilizó la metodología cuantitativa, con diseño no experimental, transversal, correlacional. Se seleccionó una muestra de 120 personas mayores, mediante muestreo no probabilístico y divididos en: personas con primaria completa o incompleta, personas con estudios secundarios completos o incompletos y personas con estudios de nivel superior completos o incompletos. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron el test MoCA para evaluar funciones cognitivas, el cuestionario ViDA para evaluar la capacidad funcional, y el WHOQoL para recoger datos sobre la calidad de vida. Se constató mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado que existe una relación entre el nivel de estudios y la capacidad funcional, la capacidad cognitiva y la dimensión física de la calidad de vida. Mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney se encontró que existen diferencias significativas respecto a la capacidad cognitiva en todos los grupos. Así, se hizo hincapié en la educación formal como una instancia necesaria para el envejecimiento saludable, que debe ser acompañada por estrategias de educación informal.

Abstract Labor precarity is a multidimensional phenomenon that severely affects youth in Latin America. Based on household survey data from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico from 2023, this article analyzes four dimensions of precarity: instability, lack of social protection, insufficient income, and underemployment. The results revealed that the salaried youth in Mexico and Argentina have the most precarious conditions, whereas Brazil showed the lowest levels of precarity. Precarity is most prevalent in Mexico, followed by Colombia and Argentina. In each of these countries, young women were the most affected, and there was an association between labor precarity, sociodemographic characteristics, and labor market structures. The youngest and those with lower levels of education are those who experience worse conditions. By sector of activity, in Mexico more problems are reported in the primary sector, whereas in Argentina, Brazil, and Colombia they occur in personal services. Young women, regardless of their level of education and sector of activity, report higher levels of precariousness, which aggravates gender inequality. The conclusions propose actions to promote the inclusion of young people in formal employment.

Resumen La precariedad laboral es un fenómeno multidimensional que afecta gravemente a la población joven en América Latina. En el presente artículo, basado en la información proporcionada por encuestas aplicadas a hogares en Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México en 2023, se analizan cuatro de sus dimensiones: inestabilidad, desprotección social, ingresos insuficientes y subocupación. Los resultados del estudio revelan que en México y Argentina las personas jóvenes asalariadas tienen las condiciones más precarias, mientras que Brasil mostró los menores niveles entre los cuatro países; México presenta la mayor prevalencia, seguido de Colombia y Argentina. En todos los países las mujeres jóvenes son las más afectadas y existe una asociación entre la precariedad laboral, las características sociodemográficas y las estructuras de los mercados laborales. Las personas con menos edad dentro de este grupo etario y aquellas con menor nivel de escolaridad son quienes experimentan condiciones más desfavorables. Por sector de actividad, en México se reportan más problemas en el sector primario, mientras que en Argentina, Brasil y Colombia ocurre en los servicios personales. Las mujeres jóvenes, independientemente del nivel de escolaridad y del sector de actividad, registran mayores niveles de precariedad, lo que agrava la desigualdad de género. En las conclusiones se plantean acciones que promuevan la inclusión de las juventudes en empleos formales.

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated swift changes to remote teaching and learning. This study explored the experiences of student support champions comprising teaching assistants, tutors, mentors, and retention officers) in providing affective and content support via remote modalities to first-year students. The study focused on insights gained during remote learning. This adaptation to change speaks to resilience thinking, 'being able to withstand or overcome adversity and unpleasant events and successfully adapt to change and uncertainty'. Learning to be resilient and adaptable to rise above challenges, is simultaneously transformative to create new ways of thinking to deal with current situations. This study resides within the interpretivist paradigm and draws on the subjective experiences and understandings of research participants within a university of technology. Surveys were conducted to garner insights and experiences and were analysed according to emergent themes of challenges, improvements, and future practices. Data revealed that despite the demands placed on student support champions, they managed to cope with their studies and acquired attributes, dispositions, and values beyond the formal curriculum. Thus the study shows that times of complexity present opportunities for resilience and transformation to changing circumstances.

Antecedentes: La educación en bioética es esencial para desarrollar competencias éticas en profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, existe evidencia limitada sobre su implementación en programas de ciencias de la salud, particularmente en países en desarrollo. Objetivo: Evaluar la integración de la educación en bioética en programas de ciencias de la salud mediante el examen de los niveles de formación docente y la implementación curricular en una universidad privada de Paraguay. Métodos: Este estudio transversal analizó registros académicos de 105 docentes (tasa de respuesta del 34.7 %) y planes de estudio de siete programas de pregrado en ciencias de la salud durante 2020–2021. La recolección de datos incluyó demografía docente, formación en bioética, contenido curricular, metodologías de enseñanza y estrategias de evaluación. El análisis cuantitativo empleó estadística descriptiva y pruebas de chi-cuadrado, mientras que el análisis cualitativo examinó documentos curriculares. Resultados: Solo el 2 % de los docentes tenía calificaciones formales en bioética, mientras que el 24 % reportó formación no formal. El programa de Enfermería mostró tasas significativamente más altas de docentes con formación en bioética (71 %) en comparación con otros programas (0–22 %, P=0.03). Todos los programas, excepto Psicología, incluyeron principios éticos en sus declaraciones de misión, pero la implementación se limitó a cursos únicos obligatorios (34–85 horas) con métodos de enseñanza tradicionales basados en clases magistrales. Se encontraron variaciones significativas en el momento de la educación en bioética entre programas, desde el segundo hasta el décimo semestre. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos revelan brechas sustanciales entre las aspiraciones institucionales y la implementación real de la educación en bioética, caracterizada por una limitada formación docente y una integración curricular fragmentada. Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de mejorar el desarrollo docente, revisar el plan de estudios e implementar estrategias de enseñanza innovadoras para fortalecer la educación en bioética en los programas de ciencias de la salud.

Background: Bioethics education is essential for developing ethical competencies in healthcare professionals. However, limited evidence exists regarding its implementation in health sciences programs, particularly in developing countries. Objective: To assess the integration of bioethics education in health sciences programs by examining faculty training levels and curricular implementation at a private university in Paraguay. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed academic records from 105 faculty members (34.7% response rate) and curricula from seven undergraduate health sciences programs during 2020-2021. Data collection included faculty demographics, bioethics training, curricular content, teaching methodologies, and assessment strategies. Quantitative analysis employed descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, while qualitative analysis examined curricular documents. Results: Only 2% of faculty held formal bioethics qualifications, while 24% reported non-formal training. The Nursing program showed significantly higher rates of faculty with bioethics training (71%) compared to other programs (0-22%, P=0.03). All programs, except Psychology, included ethical principles in their mission statements, but implementation was limited to single mandatory courses (34–85 hours) with traditional lecture-based teaching methods. Significant variations were found in the timing of bioethics education across programs, ranging from second to tenth semester. Conclusions: Findings reveal substantial gaps between institutional aspirations and actual implementation of bioethics education, characterized by limited faculty training and fragmented curricular integration. Results suggest the need for enhanced faculty development, curriculum revision, and innovative teaching strategies to strengthen bioethics education in health sciences programs.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a evolução e as desigualdades na realização das consultas de pré-natal em Pernambuco segundo escolaridade materna. Métodos: estudo ecológico das gestantes que realizaram sete e mais consultas de pré-natal residentes em Pernambuco entre 2011 e 2020 segundo as variáveis escolaridade materna e ano do nascimento. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. A análise de tendência temporal foi realizada por meio do método de joinpoint regression e para análise dos padrões de desigualdades foram utilizadas medidas absolutas (diferença, razão), relativa (índice de concentração – CIX) e gráficos do tipo Equiplot. Resultados: observou-se uma tendência crescente no acesso das mulheres a sete e mais consultas de pré-natal entre 2011 e 2020 em Pernambuco (+3,6; p<0,001). Nas gestantes sem escolaridade, a cobertura pré-natal foi de 47,85%, enquanto entre aquelas com mais de 12 anos de estudo, chegou a 78,15%. O Índice de Concentração (CIX=0,0979; p<0,001) sugere que 9,79% do acesso ao pré-natal concentra-se nas mulheres com maior escolaridade. Conclusões: apesar da expansão do pré-natal em Pernambuco, o acesso é desigual entre mulheres com diferentes níveis de escolarização, evidenciando a escolaridade materna como um marcador de iniquidades em saúde. É preciso adotar estratégias para garantir maior equidade no atendimento às gestantes mais vulneráveis.

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the evolution and inequalities in prenatal care consultations in Pernambuco, according to maternal education level. Methods: this is an ecological study of pregnant women who attended seven or more prenatal consultations and resided in Pernambuco between 2011 and 2020, stratified by maternal education level and year of birth. Data were obtained from the Live Birth Information System. Temporal trend analysis was performed using the joinpoint regression method, and patterns of inequality were assessed through absolute measures (difference, ratio), relative measures (concentration index - CIX), and Equiplot-type graphs. Results: a rising trend in access to seven or more prenatal consultations among women in Pernambuco was observed between 2011 and 2020 (+3.6; p<0.001). Among women with no formal education, prenatal coverage was 47.85%, while for those with more than 12 years of education, it reached 78.15%. The Concentration Index (CIX=0.0979; p<0.001) suggests that 9.79% of prenatal access is concentrated among women with higher education levels. Conclusions: despite the expansion of prenatal care in Pernambuco, access remains unequal among women with different levels of education, highlighting maternal education as a marker of health inequities. Strategies need to be adopted to ensure greater equity in prenatal care for more vulnerable pregnant women.

Abstract This article analyzes the historical experience of the so-called black clubs as educational spaces. Based on the study of the trajectory of an isolated, mixed, multi-grade school subsidized by the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which operated between 1935 and 1937, created within the Clube 28 de Setembro, in the city of Pouso Alegre, the organization of its formal schooling strategies, school practices and the formation of a school culture are identified. It also discusses the meanings that its community gave to projects to expand the hegemonic idea of school and the schooling of the social and to the processes of definition and extension of citizenship rights through access to formal schooling, structured by the State. Using dialogue with the theoretical framework of the history of education of the black population and with a varied set of sources, such as documents from the executive and legislative branches (laws, opinions, minutes), school inspection reports, the press and records produced by the Clube 28 de Setembro itself (minutes, statutes and internal regulations), it was possible to recognize which forms of racial contestation gave meaning and configuration to the school form and culture of the political-educational projects developed within the scope of black associations, in the first half of the 20th century.

Resumo O artigo analisa a experiência histórica dos chamados clubes negros como espaços educadores. A partir do estudo da trajetória de uma escola isolada, mista, multisseriada e subvencionada pelo Estado de Minas Gerais, que funcionou entre os anos de 1935 e 1937, criada no interior do Clube 28 de Setembro, na cidade de Pouso Alegre, identifica-se a organização das suas estratégias de escolarização formal, as práticas escolares e a conformação de uma cultura escolar. Discute-se, ainda, os sentidos que a sua comunidade deu aos projetos de ampliação da ideia hegemônica de escola e da escolarização do social e aos processos de definição e extensão dos direitos de cidadania através do acesso à escolarização formal, estruturados pelo Estado. Recorrendo ao diálogo com o arcabouço teórico da história da educação da população negra e com um variado conjunto de fontes, como documentos do poder executivo e legislativo (leis, pareceres, atas), relatórios de inspeção escolar, imprensa e os registros produzidos pelo próprio Clube 28 de Setembro (atas, estatuto e regimento interno), foi possível reconhecer quais formas de contestação racial deram sentido e configuração à forma e cultura escolares dos projetos político-educativos elaborados no âmbito do associativismo negro, na primeira metade do século XX.

Resumen El artículo analiza la experiencia histórica de los llamados clubes negros como espaços educadores (espacios educativos). A partir del estudio de la historia de una escuela aislada, mixta y multiserial subvencionada por el estado de Minas Gerais, que funcionó entre 1935 y 1937 y se instaló en el interior del Clube 28 de Setembro, en la ciudad de Pouso Alegre, identifica la organización de su proyecto de desarrollo de estrategias de escolarización formal, prácticas escolares y formación de una cultura escolar. También discute los significados que su comunidad dio a los proyectos de ampliación de la escuela y de la escuela social y a los procesos de definición y ampliación de los derechos de ciudadanía a través del acceso a la escolarización formal, estructurados por el Estado. A través del diálogo con el marco teórico de la llamada historia de la educación de la población negra y con un conjunto variado de fuentes, como documentos de los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo (leyes, dictámenes, actas), informes de inspección escolar, prensa y los registros producidos por el propio Clube 28 de Setembro (actas, estatutos y reglamentos), fue posible reconocer que las formas de contestación racial dieron sentido y configuración a la forma y a la cultura escolar de los proyectos político-educativos elaborados en el marco de las asociaciones negras en la primera mitad del siglo XX.

The study analysed the perception of organic farming practices among smallholder farmers in Mbombela, Mpumalanga, South Africa. An interview-administered questionnaire collected data from 80 randomly sampled smallholder farmers. The elicited data was descriptively analysed using percentages, averages, and ranks. In contrast, a multiple linear regression model was used to determine the socioeconomic factors that influence smallholder farmers' utilisation of organic farming practices. The findings revealed that although smallholder farmers were aware of organic agricultural methods, adopting organic practices is still yet to be widespread and optimal in the area. This is due to some severe challenges indicated by the respondents, including inadequate government support, the unpredictability of climate change, inadequate access to grants and credit facilities, inadequate collaboration and collective action among farmers, and inadequate access to extension services. Furthermore, the findings of the regression model revealed that formal education and organic farming training attendance were significant socioeconomic factors influencing smallholder farmer's utilisation of organic farming practices. Given the need to scale up the adoption of organic farming practices in the area, it was recommended that increased government support, adequate access to credit facilities and significant improvement and effectiveness of extension services in providing training and encouraging collective action among the smallholder farmers is required.

BACKGROUND: Effective collaboration between parents and teachers is a crucial component of early childhood education (ECE) institutions in Indonesia. Both parties hold a fundamental responsibility for imparting knowledge within the formal school setting and the informal home environment. AIM: The present study investigates the patterns of collaboration between parents and teachers, with the goal of enhancing the role of both parties. SETTING: The study was conducted in Palopo City, South Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The researcher selected three ECE institutions involving a total of 15 teachers and 15 parents. METHODS: The study utilised the Discovering Cultural Themes model, which helped identify recurring patterns from prior analyses. The researchers examined themes, cultural focusses, values and symbols within each domain. RESULTS: The findings show that teachers serve a structural role, while parents contribute through a cultural role in the collaboration. The values instilled in children include religious moderation, national commitment, non-violence, a love of local culture and tolerance CONCLUSION: The collaboration between parents and teachers is reflected in the participatory activities initiated by parents in various school programmes, reinforcing the cultural responsibility of parents and the structural responsibilities of teachers. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to the collaborative teacher-parent model by emphasising role division and parental involvement to strengthen religious moderation education at home. As a result, the values instilled at school can be reinforced at home and vice versa. Indonesian society places significant importance on the values of cooperation and mutual assistance as emotional bonds among citizens.

BACKGROUND: Ubuntu, an ancient African philosophy, embodies the essence of humanness through communal responsibility and interconnectedness. It shapes moral values and culture that can be implemented in nursing to improve patient care. However, colonial and Western-centric education systems have marginalised ubuntu philosophy resulting in a disconnect from its core principles in contemporary nursing practices. OBJECTIVES: This meta-synthesis aims to synthesise qualitative literature on ubuntu philosophy in nursing to identify key aspects of the philosophy that can be integrated into nursing education. METHOD: A systematic search using keywords related to ubuntu in nursing and nursing education was conducted across multiple databases, including health sources: Nursing/Academic Edition, Medline, ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar. This search aimed to identify qualitative studies exploring the application of ubuntu philosophy within nursing and its implications for nursing education. Quality appraisals were conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research. Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnography techniques were employed to synthesise studies. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included. The meta-synthesis revealed one meta-theme, namely the integration of ubuntu principles into nursing education with three subthemes: pedagogical approaches, decolonising nursing education and role modelling ubuntu. CONCLUSION: Ubuntu should be integrated into formal nursing education programmes to align with patients' expectations and enhance nursing care quality and student needs for targeted support on the subject. CONTRIBUTION: The study enriches the ongoing discourse on integrating indigenous philosophies such as ubuntu into nursing education, aligning nursing care with local cultural and ethical values to promote more humane practices.

Résumé différences de compétences entre les diplômés constituent l’explication clé des approches méritocratiques aux résultats inégaux observés sur le marché du travail. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les données d’Enade (2009-2011) et de Rais (2013-2015) pour analyser dans quelle mesure les dimensions qualitatives de l’enseignement supérieur, y compris la qualité de la formation, ont une capacité distinctes de structurer l’emploi formel et les salaires quatre ans après l’obtention du diplôme. Le principal résultat indique la pertinence des compétences mesurées pour la destination professionnelle des diplômés, mais aussi que la dichotomie entre l’emploi formel et informel ne s’applique pas aux couches supérieures de la population active : Les diplômés d’origine sociale privilégiée et de haute qualification professionnelle dans les domaines techniquement intensifs ont tendance à rester en dehors de l’emploi formel après l’obtention de leur diplôme, ce qui semble aggravé par des conditions de détérioration de l’emploi dans les professions de niveau supérieur. Bien que les compétences importent pour la transition entre l’enseignement supérieur et le marché du travail, nous avons trouvé des preuves de la persistance des processus de reproduction sociale et de fermeture sociale par diplôme. lexplication l explication travail étude dEnade d Enade 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 lenseignement enseignement formation lemploi emploi lobtention obtention diplôme sapplique s applique dorigine origine 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract Differences in skills among graduates form the key explanation of meritocratic approaches to the unequal results observed in the labor market. In this study, we use data from Enade (2009-2011) and Rais (2013-2015) to analyze to what extent qualitative dimensions of higher education, including training quality, can structure formal employment and wages four years after graduation. The main result indicates the significance of the skills measured for the occupational destination of graduates, but also that the dichotomy between formal-informal employment does not seem to apply to the upper strata of the workforce: graduates with a privileged social background and high professional qualification in technically intensive areas tend to remain out of formal employment after graduation, which seems to be aggravated by deteriorating employment conditions in occupations that require higher education. Although skills matter for the transition between higher education and the labor market, we found evidence of the persistence of processes of social reproduction and social closure by diploma. market study 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 quality graduation formalinformal informal workforce diploma 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumo As diferenças de habilidades entre graduados compõem a explicação chave das abordagens meritocráticas para os resultados desiguais observados no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo, utilizamos dados do Enade (2009-2011) e da Rais (2013-2015) para analisar em que medida dimensões qualitativas da educação superior, incluindo a qualidade da formação, têm capacidades distintas de estruturar o emprego formal e os salários quatro anos após a graduação. O principal resultado indica a relevância das habilidades mensuradas para o destino ocupacional dos graduados, mas também que a dicotomia entre o emprego formal-informal não se aplica aos estratos superiores da força de trabalho: os graduados com origem social privilegiada e elevada qualificação profissional em áreas tecnicamente intensivas tendem a permanecer fora do emprego formal após a graduação, o que parece agravado por condições de deterioração do emprego em ocupações de nível superior. Embora as habilidades importem para a transição entre educação superior e mercado de trabalho, encontramos evidências de persistência de processos de reprodução social e fechamento social por diploma. trabalho estudo 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 formação graduação formalinformal informal diploma 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumen Las diferencias de competencias entre los titulados constituyen la explicación clave de los enfoques meritocráticos para los resultados desiguales observados en el mercado laboral. En este estudio, utilizamos datos de Enade (2009-2011) y Rais (2013-2015) para analizar en qué medida las dimensiones cualitativas de la educación superior, incluida la calidad de la formación, tienen diferentes capacidades para estructurar el empleo formal y los salarios cuatro años después de la graduación. El principal resultado indica la pertinencia de las competencias medidas para el destino profesional de los titulados, pero también que la dicotomía entre empleo formal e informal no se aplica a los estratos superiores de la población activa: los titulados procedentes de medios sociales privilegiados con altas cualificaciones profesionales en ámbitos técnicamente intensivos tienden a permanecer fuera del empleo formal tras su titulación, lo que parece agravarse por las condiciones de deterioro del empleo en las ocupaciones de nivel superior. Aunque las competencias son importantes para la transición entre la enseñanza superior y el mercado laboral, encontramos pruebas de la persistencia de procesos de reproducción social y de cierre social a través de los diplomas. laboral estudio 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 formación graduación activa titulación diplomas 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

BACKGROUND. Despite benefits, structured mentorship needs to be better recognised within health profession training institutions (HPI) in Southern Africa (SA). Given the need to transform faculties and retain skilled personnel, mentoring programmes can be used to address these needs and warrant further exploration. OBJECTIVE. To explore mentorship models within HPI in SA. METHODS. During the annual South African Health Educationalists Conference (SAAHE) in 2022, five academics from HPIs in the region conducted an interactive national workshop on mentorship in health professions education. Following a presentation on mentorship models, participants were allowed to share their perspectives on current mentorship practices, gaps and recommendations for enhancing mentorship. Key concepts and themes generated are reported. RESULTS. Three key approaches to mentorship models were identified during the workshop. These were 'top-down', 'ad-hoc' and 'supportive' approaches. Mentorship models were largely self-initiated and followed a traditional dyadic style with little innovation. Mandatory 'top-down', over-regulated programmes compared with 'grassroots' approaches were the two extremes reflected on the spectrum of models. While the benefits of mentorship were recognised, institution-wide implementation is lacking, reflecting varied or no widescale adoption. Mentorship could serve as a focused, formal strategy to ensure the demographic transformation of HPIs. Recommendations were made to measure the effectiveness of mentorship programmes against academic promotion criteria and research outputs. CONCLUSION. While mentorship is positively viewed as a means to ensure improved equity and outputs, practical implementation is lacking. Mentorship programmes require further exploration of models and processes to facilitate successful implementation.

Resumo O presente artigo é decorrente de uma pesquisa de mestrado em educação realizada na Universidade Federal Fluminense. Tem como objetivo investigar a relação entre o brincar e o conhecer e suas implicações para o processo de constituição do sujeito, entendendo-os como processos imbricados: a primeira forma de conhecer se dá através do brincar, que por sua vez cria as bases para a aprendizagem formal que virá na escola. Nesse sentido, questiona em que medida a falta ou a presença do espaço do brincar, entendido como espaço favorecedor do desenvolvimento da capacidade simbólica na criança, interfere na relação do sujeito com o conhecer. A partir do referencial teórico da psicanálise e da Psicopedagogia, apresenta alguns pressupostos teóricos sobre o brincar, os quais revelam a importância da atividade lúdica na infância. Parte-se das contribuições freudianas a respeito do fort-da, articulando-as com a perspectiva de Mannoni, até chegar às ideias de Winnicott a respeito dos fenômenos transicionais. Em seguida, apresenta o referencial teórico da Psicopedagogia adotado e um caso clínico em que é possível observar as elaborações de uma criança pela via do brincar sobre alguns impasses no aprender. Os achados da pesquisa reforçam a importância do diálogo das ciências da educação com a psicanálise e a Psicopedagogia para a compreensão do sujeito em seu processo de aprendizagem.

Summary This article is the result of a master’s research in education carried out at Universidade Federal Fluminense. It aims to investigate the relationship between the playing and the knowledge building, as well as its implications for the process of constitution of the subject, understanding them as nested processes: the first way of knowing is through playing, which in turn creates the basis for formal learning that will come at school. In this sense, he questions to what extent the lack or the presence of the playing space, which allows the development of the symbolic capacity in the child, can interfere in the relationship of the subject to the knowledge. Based on the theoretical framework of psychoanalysis and Psychopedagogy, it presents some theoretical assumptions about playing, which reveal the importance of ludic activity in childhood. It starts with the Freudian contributions regarding the fort-da, articulating them with Mannoni’s perspective, until arriving at Winnicott’s ideas about transitional phenomena. Then, it presents the adopted theoretical framework of Psychopedagogy and a clinical case in which it is possible to observe a child’s elaborations through play about some impasses in learning. The research findings reinforce the importance of the dialogue between educational sciences and psychoanalysis and Psychopedagogy for the understanding of the subject in his learning process.

RESUMEN Desde finales del siglo XX se ha ido autonomizando un campo de exploración morfológica en diversas disciplinas y ámbitos de estudio. En el caso de la arquitectura, esta autonomización se ha ido dando sobre la base de una depuración procedimental, incluso algorítmica, que opera sobre una forma depurándola y abstrayendo ciertas cualidades, extendiendo, no sin sucesivas crisis, el paradigma de las formas puras derivado de principios y elaboraciones estéticas propias de la modernidad. Esto ha generado no solo una ampliación de este principio general, sino también otras maneras de aproximarse a él. En cada nueva oleada pareciera que nuevos actos o configuraciones formales son exploradas y agotadas en sus expresiones arquitecturales. Nociones como patrones, pliegues, cubiertas y envolventes morfológicas, crecimientos y fragmentaciones modulares, descomposición o deconstrucción de paneles o piezas, superposiciones, deformaciones, entre tantas otras, solo refuerzan esta tendencia general, entendida como un despliegue depurador del mismo paradigma moderno inicial. En el presente artículo se revisa parte de este desarrollo paradigmático y se exponen parte de las experiencias del autor.

ABSTRACT Since the late 20th century, a field of morphological exploration has been autonomously developing in various disciplines and fields of study. In the case of architecture, this autonomization has been based on a procedural, even algorithmic refinement of form, by expunging it and abstracting certain qualities, thereby extending, not without successive crises, the paradigm of pure forms derived from principles and aesthetic elaborations inherent to modernity. This has not only expanded this general principle, but also opened new ways of approaching it. With each new wave, it seems that new formal acts or configurations are explored and exhausted in their architectural expressions. Concepts such as patterns, folds, roofs and morphological envelopes, modular growths and fragmentations, panel or piece decomposition or deconstruction, overlaps, deformations, among many others, only reinforce this general trend, understood as a refining deployment of the initial modern paradigm. This article reviews part of this paradigmatic development and presents some of the author's experiences.

Resumen Este trabajo tiene el propósito de describir y analizar las razones por las cuales se fundó la primera academia de música en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, como un intento por parte del Estado en enseñar música a un sector desprotegido de la sociedad: niños pobres del sur de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México, en el período 1881-1885. Se da cuenta de gestiones, apoyos y obstáculos a los que se enfrentó la naciente institución, creada para que los jóvenes tuvieran los conocimientos musicales necesarios para formar bandas, orquestas y agrupaciones, de modo tal que pudiesen trabajar, así como de la preocupación de autoridades y particulares para que los estudiantes tuvieran suficientes instrumentos musicales y lucieran en audiciones que hacían en espacios públicos y eventos solemnes de carácter educativo. Fue de corta vida el experimento, dando paso a un nuevo establecimiento educativo, más formal y estructurado, de acuerdo con nuevas necesidades, me refiero a la fundación de la academia de música municipal por decreto del congreso local en marzo de 1885 para que se contara con un conservatorio y una orquesta dado que se estaba construyendo un moderno teatro, de acuerdo con los criterios de modernidad propios de la época.

Abstract This paper has the purpose of describing and analyzing the reasons why the first music academy was founded in the city of Aguascalientes, as an attempt by the State to teach music to an unprotected sector of society: poor children from the south of the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico, in the period 1881-1885. There is an account of the efforts, support and obstacles that the nascent institution faced, created so that young people would have the necessary musical knowledge to form bands, orchestras and groups, so that they could work, as well as the concern of authorities and individuals so that students had enough musical instruments and showed off at auditions held in public spaces and solemn educational events. The experiment was short-lived, it gave way to a new educational establishment, more formal and structured, according to new needs, I am referring to the founding of the municipal music academy by decree of the local congress in March 1885 so that there would be a conservatory and an orchestra given that a modern theater was being built, according to the modern criteria of the time.

Resumo Este texto tem como objetivo descrever e analisar os motivos da fundação da primeira academia de música na cidade de Aguascalientes, como uma tentativa do Estado de ensinar música a um setor desprotegido da sociedade: as crianças pobres do sul da cidade de Aguascalientes, México, no período 1881-1885. Há relatos dos esforços, apoios e obstáculos que a nascente instituição enfrentou, criada para que os jovens tivessem os conhecimentos musicais necessários para formar bandas, orquestras e grupos, para que pudessem trabalhar, bem como a preocupação das autoridades e indivíduos para que os alunos tivessem instrumentos musicais suficientes e se exibissem em audições realizadas em espaços públicos e eventos educacionais solenes. A experiência durou pouco, dando lugar a um novo estabelecimento de ensino, mais formal e estruturado, de acordo com as novas necessidades, refiro-me à fundação da academia municipal de música por decreto do congresso local em março de 1885 para que fosse contava com um conservatório e uma orquestra desde que se construía um teatro moderno, segundo os critérios modernos da época.