Résumé différences de compétences entre les diplômés constituent l’explication clé des approches méritocratiques aux résultats inégaux observés sur le marché du travail. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les données d’Enade (2009-2011) et de Rais (2013-2015) pour analyser dans quelle mesure les dimensions qualitatives de l’enseignement supérieur, y compris la qualité de la formation, ont une capacité distinctes de structurer l’emploi formel et les salaires quatre ans après l’obtention du diplôme. Le principal résultat indique la pertinence des compétences mesurées pour la destination professionnelle des diplômés, mais aussi que la dichotomie entre l’emploi formel et informel ne s’applique pas aux couches supérieures de la population active : Les diplômés d’origine sociale privilégiée et de haute qualification professionnelle dans les domaines techniquement intensifs ont tendance à rester en dehors de l’emploi formel après l’obtention de leur diplôme, ce qui semble aggravé par des conditions de détérioration de l’emploi dans les professions de niveau supérieur. Bien que les compétences importent pour la transition entre l’enseignement supérieur et le marché du travail, nous avons trouvé des preuves de la persistance des processus de reproduction sociale et de fermeture sociale par diplôme. lexplication l explication travail étude dEnade d Enade 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 lenseignement enseignement formation lemploi emploi lobtention obtention diplôme sapplique s applique dorigine origine 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumo As diferenças de habilidades entre graduados compõem a explicação chave das abordagens meritocráticas para os resultados desiguais observados no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo, utilizamos dados do Enade (2009-2011) e da Rais (2013-2015) para analisar em que medida dimensões qualitativas da educação superior, incluindo a qualidade da formação, têm capacidades distintas de estruturar o emprego formal e os salários quatro anos após a graduação. O principal resultado indica a relevância das habilidades mensuradas para o destino ocupacional dos graduados, mas também que a dicotomia entre o emprego formal-informal não se aplica aos estratos superiores da força de trabalho: os graduados com origem social privilegiada e elevada qualificação profissional em áreas tecnicamente intensivas tendem a permanecer fora do emprego formal após a graduação, o que parece agravado por condições de deterioração do emprego em ocupações de nível superior. Embora as habilidades importem para a transição entre educação superior e mercado de trabalho, encontramos evidências de persistência de processos de reprodução social e fechamento social por diploma. trabalho estudo 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 formação graduação formalinformal informal diploma 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumen Las diferencias de competencias entre los titulados constituyen la explicación clave de los enfoques meritocráticos para los resultados desiguales observados en el mercado laboral. En este estudio, utilizamos datos de Enade (2009-2011) y Rais (2013-2015) para analizar en qué medida las dimensiones cualitativas de la educación superior, incluida la calidad de la formación, tienen diferentes capacidades para estructurar el empleo formal y los salarios cuatro años después de la graduación. El principal resultado indica la pertinencia de las competencias medidas para el destino profesional de los titulados, pero también que la dicotomía entre empleo formal e informal no se aplica a los estratos superiores de la población activa: los titulados procedentes de medios sociales privilegiados con altas cualificaciones profesionales en ámbitos técnicamente intensivos tienden a permanecer fuera del empleo formal tras su titulación, lo que parece agravarse por las condiciones de deterioro del empleo en las ocupaciones de nivel superior. Aunque las competencias son importantes para la transición entre la enseñanza superior y el mercado laboral, encontramos pruebas de la persistencia de procesos de reproducción social y de cierre social a través de los diplomas. laboral estudio 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 formación graduación activa titulación diplomas 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract Differences in skills among graduates form the key explanation of meritocratic approaches to the unequal results observed in the labor market. In this study, we use data from Enade (2009-2011) and Rais (2013-2015) to analyze to what extent qualitative dimensions of higher education, including training quality, can structure formal employment and wages four years after graduation. The main result indicates the significance of the skills measured for the occupational destination of graduates, but also that the dichotomy between formal-informal employment does not seem to apply to the upper strata of the workforce: graduates with a privileged social background and high professional qualification in technically intensive areas tend to remain out of formal employment after graduation, which seems to be aggravated by deteriorating employment conditions in occupations that require higher education. Although skills matter for the transition between higher education and the labor market, we found evidence of the persistence of processes of social reproduction and social closure by diploma. market study 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 quality graduation formalinformal informal workforce diploma 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumo Introdução: A falta de profissionais especializados pode contribuir para incapacidade de atender à demanda por transplantes renais. Além disto, não existe uma proposta universal para o processo de formação de cirurgiões transplantadores. Nosso objetivo foi explorar características do programa de treinamento e atividades profissionais das equipes de transplante renal no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Convidamos os cirurgiões dos 19 centros de transplante renal ativos em Minas Gerais a participarem desse estudo transversal. Comparamos dados demográficos e de formação profissional utilizando modelos de regressão linear e logística. Resultados: A taxa de resposta entre os centros foi elevada (89%); metade dos cirurgiões responderam à pesquisa (39/78). A maioria dos centros eram instituições públicas de ensino, com contrato de remuneração por produção, com média de 6 ± 2,4 cirurgiões/equipe; 94,2% dos centros tinham urologistas. Os cirurgiões eram 95% homens (idade entre 46, 3 ± 9,7 anos) e 59% eram urologistas. A maioria estava envolvida em captação e transplante de órgãos; somente um trabalhava exclusivamente com transplante. O período médio desde a formação foi de 13 ± 9,4 anos, com média de 10 ± 9,7 anos como parte da equipe de transplante. Apenas 25,6% possuíam formação especializada ou formal em transplante, com somente um tendo concluído residência médica formal em transplante renal. A falta de programas de treinamento foi o motivo mais citado. Conclusão: Cirurgiões de transplante renal não são exclusivos e a maioria não concluiu um programa formal de treinamento em transplante pela falta de disponibilidade. Esses dados indicam necessidade de aprimorar programas de treinamento e facilitar a formação de novas equipes de transplante renal. Introdução renais disto transplantadores Brasil Métodos 1 transversal logística Resultados 89% 89 (89%) 39/78. 3978 39/78 . 39 78 (39/78) ensino produção 24 2 4 2, cirurgiões/equipe cirurgiõesequipe 942 94 94,2 urologistas 95 idade 46 97 9 7 9, 59 órgãos 256 25 25,6 citado Conclusão disponibilidade 8 (89% 397 39/7 (39/78 94, 5 25, (89 39/ (39/7 (8 (39/ ( (39 (3

Abstract Introduction: The lack of specialized professionals potentially contributes to the inability to meet the demand for kidney transplantations. Moreover, there is no universal proposal for the training process of transplantation surgeons. We aimed to explore the characteristics of the training program and professional activities of kidney transplantation teams in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: We invited the surgeons of all 19 active kidney transplantation centers in Minas Gerais to participate in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and professional training data were compared using linear and logistic regression models. Results: The response rate among the centers was high (89%); half of the surgeons answered the survey (39/78). Most of the centers were public teaching institutions, under a production-based payment contract, with a mean of 6 ± 2.4 surgeons/team; 94.2% of the centers had urologists. The surgeons were 95% male (age of 46.3 ± 9.7 years) and 59% were urologists. Most were involved in organ procurement and transplantation; only one surgeon worked exclusively with transplantation. The mean period since training was 13 ± 9.4 years, with a mean of 10 ± 9.7 years as part of the transplantation team. Only 25.6% had specialized or formal training in transplantation, with only one completing a formal medical residency for kidney transplantation. The lack of training programs was the most frequently cited reason. Conclusion: Kidney transplantation surgeons are not exclusive and most have not completed a formal fellowship program in transplantation because they are not available. These data indicate the need to improve training programs and facilitate the formation of new kidney transplantation teams. Introduction transplantations Moreover Brazil Methods 1 crosssectional cross sectional study models Results 89% 89 (89%) 39/78. 3978 39/78 . 39 78 (39/78) institutions productionbased production based contract 24 2 4 2. surgeons/team surgeonsteam team 942 94 94.2 urologists 95 age 463 46 3 46. 97 9 7 9. 59 256 25 25.6 reason Conclusion available 8 (89% 397 39/7 (39/78 94. 5 25. (89 39/ (39/7 (8 (39/ ( (39 (3

Abstract Current online information flows have taken on immeasurable dimensions, thereby influencing the masses, both positively and negatively, thus allowing decision-making and the generation of ways of thinking, which on many occasions turn out to be unfounded and cause misinformation. The analysis is based on the need to generate an epistemic contribution around online information processes for the purposes of classification and general characterization with a special focus on emerging countries (especially Latin American) through documentary research. This proposal identifies the construction of a taxonomy of information evaluation processes, consisting of three general groups: (1) structured ones (coming from formal education and through systematic content that causes explicit learning); (2) unstructured ones (deliberately acquired, through non-formal processes, which generate tacit learning that is not necessarily correct or well-founded); and (3) complementary ones (referring to alternative methodologies for diagnosing misinformation situations). The paper concludes by presenting proposals for various forms of intervention and identifying best practices in order to avoid biases in misinterpretation, especially when the information is false.

Resumen Los flujos actuales de información en línea han tomado dimensiones inmensurables, logrando con ello influir en las masas, tanto de forma positiva como negativa, permitiendo así la toma de decisiones y la generación de formas de pensar, que en diversas ocasiones resultan infundadas y provocan la desinformación. El análisis parte de la necesidad de generar una contribución epistémica en torno a los procesos de información en línea con fines de clasificación y caracterización general con especial enfoque hacia países emergentes (especialmente latinoamericanos) a través de la investigación documental. Esta propuesta identifica la construcción de una taxonomía de procesos de evaluación de la información, constituida en tres grupos generales: (1) los estructurados (provenientes de la educación formal y por medio de contenidos sistemáticos que provocan un aprendizaje explícito); (2) los no estructurados (adquiridos de forma deliberada, por medio de procesos no formales, que generan un aprendizaje tácito que no necesariamente es correcto o fundamentado); y (3) los complementarios (referidos a metodologías alternativas de diagnóstico sobre situaciones de desinformación). Se concluye presentando propuestas de diversas formas de intervención e identificación de mejores prácticas en razón de evitar sesgos en la mala interpretación, especialmente cuando la información es falsa.

Abstract. This paper explores the fundamental theses of the capabilities approach and differentiates it from notions of development that are more focused on the generation of wealth and growth. The paper emphasizes the importance of action in the development of life projects and describes the importance of emancipation in exercising freedoms. It then describes the education challenges from the perspective of the capabilities approach. It situates the importance of this approach in the Latin American context, where freedom is closely linked to the pursuit of social justice. Finally, it describes the different areas of application of the capabilities approach in education and points out the limitations of formal education in the contemporary world.

Resumen. Este artículo explora las tesis fundamentales del enfoque de las capacidades y lo diferencia de las nociones de desarrollo más centradas en la generación de riqueza y crecimiento. El artículo destaca la importancia de la acción en el desarrollo de proyectos de vida y describe la importancia de la emancipación en el ejercicio de las libertades. A continuación, describe los retos de la educación desde la perspectiva del enfoque de las capacidades. Sitúa la importancia de este enfoque en el contexto latinoamericano, donde la libertad está estrechamente vinculada a la búsqueda de la justicia social. Por último, describe los diferentes ámbitos de aplicación del enfoque de las capacidades en la educación y señala las limitaciones de la educación formal en el mundo contemporáneo.

Resumen El síndrome metabólico (SM) se asocia con alteraciones metabólicas e inflamatorias que imprimen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares y tiene como base la resistencia insulínica. La alimentación, sedentarismo, educación y distribución del ingreso pueden influir en la aparición del SM. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la prevalencia del SM y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular asociados en una población vulnerable, adulta y urbana, que acudió voluntariamente luego de una campaña de difusión, a un hospital de atención primaria en la ciudad de San Luis, Argentina. En 451 sujetos, 205 hombres y 246 mujeres (45,5±12,4 años) se analizaron datos personales, antropométricos y biomarcadores: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (c-HDL), colesterol LDL, triglicéridos, glucosa, insulina, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus), apolipoproteínas A y B, ácido úrico e índices subrogados de insulina. El SM se estableció empleando la definición armonizada de SM (2009). El 80% de la población no completó la educación formal. Los hombres estaban desempleados o con trabajo informal (70%). El 51,4% de la población cumplía con el criterio de SM (50,0% mujeres y 53,1% hombres). Entre los componentes del SM, la tríada más frecuente en mujeres y hombres, fue: c-HDL disminuido, circunferencia de cintura elevada e hipertrigliceridemia. El SM aumentó con la edad en los hombres. Las mujeres con SM presentaron niveles altos de PCRus. El conocimiento de la prevalencia local, tanto de la obesidad como del SM, permite valorar la magnitud del problema en cada comunidad, establecer medidas de prevención, control y compararlo con otras realidades epidemiológicas.

Resumo A síndrome metabólica (SM) está associada a alterações metabólicas e inflamatórias que aumentam o risco de desenvolvimento de diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares, considerando a resistência à insulina. A alimentação, o sedentarismo, a escolaridade e a distribuição de renda podem influenciar o aparecimento da SM. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a prevalência da SM e os fatores de risco cardiovascular associados em uma população vulnerável, adulta e urbana, que compareceu voluntariamente a um hospital de atenção primária na cidade de San Luis, Argentina, após uma campanha de divulgação. Em 451 indivíduos, 205 homens e 246 mulheres (45,5±12,4 anos), foram analisados dados pessoais, antropométricos e de biomarcadores: colesterol total, colesterol HDL (c-HDL), colesterol LDL, triglicerídeos, glicose, insulina, proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCRus), apolipoproteínas A e B, ácido úrico e índices substitutos de insulina. A SM foi estabelecida utilizando a definição harmonizada de SM (2009). Oitenta por cento da população não concluiu a educação formal. Os homens estavam desempregados ou em trabalho informal (70%). 51,4% da população atendia os critérios da SM (50,0% mulheres e 53,1% homens). Dentre os componentes da SM, a tríade mais frequente em mulheres e homens: c-HDL diminuído, circunferência abdominal elevada e hipertrigliceridemia. SM aumentou com a idade nos homens. Mulheres com SM apresentaram níveis elevados de PCRus. O conhecimento da prevalência local da obesidade quanto da SM permite avaliar a magnitude do problema em cada comunidade, estabelecer medidas de prevenção e controle e compará-lo com outras realidades epidemiológicas.

Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with metabolic and inflammatory alterations that increase the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, based on insulin resistance. Diet, sedentary lifestyle, education and income distribution can influence the appearance of MS. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of MS and associated cardiovascular risk factors in a vulnerable, adult and urban population, that voluntarily attends after diffusion campaign, to a primary care hospital in the city of San Luis, Argentina. In 451 subjects, 205 men and 246 women (45.5±12.4 years), personal, anthropometric and biomarker data were analysed: total cholesterol HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP), apolipoproteins A and B, uric acid and insulin surrogate indices. The MS was established using the harmonised definition of MS (2009). Eighty percent of the population did not complete formal education. Men were unemployed or in informal work (70%). A total of 51.4% of the population had the MS criteria (50.0% women and 53.1% men). Among the components of MS, the most frequent triad in women and men, were: decreased HDL-c, elevated waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia. The prevalence of MS increased with age in men. Women with MS presented high levels of usCRP. Knowledge of the local prevalence of both obesity and MS would allow enable the assessment of the magnitude of the problem in each community, establish prevention and control measures, and compare it with other epidemiological realities.

Resumen La cirugía es una parte indispensable en la atención médica, siendo el componente quirúrgico y el anestésico fundamentales dentro del sistema de salud en países de todos los niveles de desarrollo. Anualmente, se realizan alrededor de 230 millones de procedimientos quirúrgicos en todo el mundo, siendo la cirugía pediátrica un porcentaje, ya que alrededor del 85 % de los niños requiere un procedimiento quirúrgico; sin embargo, la prestación de servicios quirúrgicos y anestésicos seguros desde la formación y entrenamiento de los actores involucrados en la atención quirúrgica infantil en países de medianos y bajos ingresos ha estado ausente del discurso de salud global. El desarrollo del campo de la anestesia en pediatría enfrenta múltiples retos: es una especialidad relativamente nueva, presenta desafíos clínicos relacionados con las diferencias anatómicas, fisiológicas, psicológicas y procedimentales, así como existen pocas oportunidades de entrenamiento con el consecuente número limitado de especialistas en anestesiología pediátrica capacitados y calificados. Para América latina, las posibilidades de aplicar a una especialización en anestesiología pediátrica son limitadas y específicamente para Colombia no ha sido posible crear la subespecialidad de anestesiología pediátrica, por lo que se debe fomentar la formación formal e informal en esta disciplina, con el fin de ofrecer una atención anestésica segura y con calidad para los niños. Este artículo hace un recuento del desarrollo de la formación en anestesiología pediátrica en el mundo y en Colombia, visibilizando la relación con la incidencia de complicaciones anestésicas y la necesidad de formación en esta disciplina.

Abstract Surgery is a key pillar in medical care, and both the surgical as well as the anesthetic components are essential within the health systems in countries of all levels of development. Every year, close to 230 million surgical procedures are performed worldwide, with pediatric surgery being representative, as around 85% of children require a surgical procedure. However, the issue of education and training of the people involved in pediatric surgery who can provide safe surgical and anesthetic care in medium and low income countries has been absent from the global health debate. The development of anesthesia in pediatrics faces many challenges: it is a relatively new specialty, it has to deal with clinical challenges associated with anatomical, physiological, psychological and procedure-related differences, while it faces the reality of few training opportunities which results in a limited number of duly trained and qualified specialists in pediatric anesthesiology. In Latin America, the possibility of applying to a specialization in pediatric anesthesia is limited. In particular in Colombia it has not been possible to establish a pediatric anesthesia subspecialty, creating the need to promote formal and informal training in this discipline in order to ensure that safe, good quality anesthetic care is provided to children. This article describes the development of pediatric anesthesia training in the world and in Colombia, highlighting the relationship between the incidence of anesthetic complications and the need for training in this discipline.

BACKGROUND: Unani Tibb promotes holistic patient care, yet spirituality and spiritual care seem to be neglected in education. This theory-practice gap was previously highlighted in studies on Unani Tibb practitioners. The role of spirituality and spiritual care in Unani Tibb education in South Africa (SA) remains unclear OBJECTIVES: To explore Unani Tibb students' and educators' perceptions and attitudes of spirituality and spiritual care in SA METHODS: A two-stage sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted. Quantitative data from stage 1 was obtained using a cross-sectional descriptive study followed by in-depth interviews for the qualitative study in stage 2. Stage 1 guided the interview questions in stage 2. Descriptive data analysis was performed for the quantitative study, followed by thematic analysis for the qualitative data RESULTS: A total of 18 (90%) participants took part in the quantitative study followed by 10 participants (50%) in the qualitative study. Three study findings emerged: i) a heightened level of spiritual awareness was recorded for this cohort despite the lack of spirituality and spiritual care content in the curriculum, ii) participants viewed spiritual care as integral to Unani Tibb philosophy, education and practice and iii) formal integration of spirituality and spiritual care concepts in Unani Tibb education was identified as a necessity to ensure the integrity of the holistic approach required by the profession CONCLUSION: This study has implications across the health education sector and more specifically for Unani Tibb educators to consider the inclusion of spiritual care content in education programmes

BACKGROUND: Despite benefits, structured mentorship needs to be better recognised within health profession training institutions (HPI) in Southern Africa (SA). Given the need to transform faculties and retain skilled personnel, mentoring programmes can be used to address these needs and warrant further exploration OBJECTIVE: To explore mentorship models within HPI in SA METHODS: During the annual South African Health Educationalists Conference (SAAHE) in 2022, five academics from HPIs in the region conducted an interactive national workshop on mentorship in health professions education. Following a presentation on mentorship models, participants were allowed to share their perspectives on current mentorship practices, gaps and recommendations for enhancing mentorship. Key concepts and themes generated are reported RESULTS: Three key approaches to mentorship models were identified during the workshop. These were 'top-down', 'ad-hoc' and 'supportive' approaches. Mentorship models were largely self-initiated and followed a traditional dyadic style with little innovation. Mandatory 'top-down', over-regulated programmes compared with 'grassroots' approaches were the two extremes reflected on the spectrum of models. While the benefits of mentorship were recognised, institution-wide implementation is lacking, reflecting varied or no widescale adoption. Mentorship could serve as a focused, formal strategy to ensure the demographic transformation of HPIs. Recommendations were made to measure the effectiveness of mentorship programmes against academic promotion criteria and research outputs CONCLUSION: While mentorship is positively viewed as a means to ensure improved equity and outputs, practical implementation is lacking. Mentorship programmes require further exploration of models and processes to facilitate successful implementation

Abstract Listening is the first sense that human beings develop, it is necessary to learn to speak, read, and write; however, it is not the focus of formal education. Nevertheless, other training and practice spaces recognize the importance of this skill. This is the case of ethnography, which promotes it as a fundamental component of its epistemological and descriptive perspectives. Another area of listening practices is interlearning, which is fostered through the Intercultural Inductive Method. This article aims to account for both how Maria Bertely, as an ethnographer, co-constructor, and overseer of the Intercultural Inductive Method and coordinator of projects within the Inductive Intercultural Education Network, understood and practiced listening, as well as examine its dimensions in the current project of this network concerning reading and writing in indigenous languages. To do so, concepts of listening, texts by Maria Bertely, and working documents of the ongoing project are reviewed. Among the findings, the central role of interlearning stands out, as it is linked to certain modes of listening and generated in intercultural contexts. Maria Bertely's listening practices are rooted in her hermeneutical perspective of ethnography and interlearning. The teacher training workshops of the project demonstrate the complexity of listening in indigenous population contexts and the importance of maintaining oral practices.

Resumen La escucha es el primer sentido que desarrollan los seres humanos, es necesario para aprender a hablar, leer y escribir; sin embargo, no es objeto de enseñanza escolarizada. No obstante, existen otros espacios de formación y práctica que reconocen la importancia de esta habilidad. Es el caso de la etnografía, que la fomenta como componente fundamental de sus perspectivas epistemológicas y descriptivas. Otro ámbito de prácticas de escucha son los interaprendizajes que se generan mediante el Método Inductivo Intercultural. Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta de cómo María Bertely, como etnógrafa, co-constructora y supervisora del Método Inductivo Intercultural y coordinadora de proyectos dentro de la Red de Educación Intercultural Inductiva, entendió y practicó la escucha, así como examinar sus dimensiones en el actual proyecto de esta red sobre lectura y escritura en lenguas indígenas. Para ello se revisan conceptos de escucha, textos de la propia María Bertely y documentos de trabajo del proyecto en curso. Entre los hallazgos destaca el lugar central que ocupan los interaprendizajes, articulados con ciertos modos de escucha y generados en contextos interculturales. Las prácticas de escucha de María Bertely se inscriben en su perspectiva hermenéutica de etnografía y el interaprendizaje. Los talleres de formación docente del proyecto evidencian la complejidad de escucha en contextos de población indígena y la importancia de mantener prácticas de oralidad frente al predominio de lo visual y escrito promovido tradicionalmente por la escuela.

RESUMO Relato de experiência que apresenta parceria entre o Núcleo de Saúde Mental Álcool e Outras Drogas, o Observatório de Territórios Sustentáveis e Saudáveis da Bocaina e o Fórum de Comunidades Tradicionais de Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba, o qual resultou em um projeto de intervenções territoriais e comunitárias em saúde mental em Paraty. O objetivo foi promover intervenções nesse campo considerando aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e de saúde, integrando os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e as metas da Agenda 2030. O projeto desenvolveu atividades de diagnóstico, articulação, intervenção e monitoramento, utilizando metodologias como educação popular, educação permanente, pesquisa-ação e sistematização de experiências. Participaram residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental, Álcool e outras Drogas da Escola de Governo Fiocruz Brasília, além de um supervisor clínico institucional bolsista, fortalecendo a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do município. Atividades como reconhecimento do território, rodas de conversa, entrevistas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional foram realizadas para compreender o sofrimento mental valorizando os saberes comunitários e as tradições. A relação com a rede formal de saúde mental foi estabelecida para implementar o matriciamento e ampliar o acesso ao cuidado em saúde mental nas comunidades. Reis Ubatuba socioeconômicos 2030 diagnóstico articulação monitoramento popular permanente pesquisaação pesquisa ação experiências Brasília bolsista município território conversa tradições comunidades 203 20 2

ABSTRACT Experience report presenting a partnership between the Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Center, the Observatory of Sustainable and Healthy Territories of Bocaina, and the Forum of Traditional Communities of Angra dos Reis, Paraty, and Ubatuba resulted in a project of territorial and community interventions in mental health in Paraty. The goal was to promote interventions in this field considering socioeconomic, environmental, and health aspects, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals and the targets of the 2030 Agenda. The project developed diagnostic, articulation, intervention and monitoring activities, using methodologies such as popular education, permanent education, action research and systematization of experiences. Residents of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Mental Health, Alcohol, and other Drugs from the FIOCRUZ Brasília School of Government participated, as well as an institutional clinical supervisor fellow, strengthening the municipality’s Psychosocial Care Network. Activities such as territory recognition, conversation circles, interviews, and multiprofessional teamwork were carried out to understand mental suffering valuing community knowledge and traditions. The relationship with the formal mental health network was established to implement matrix support and expand access to mental health care in communities. Center Bocaina Reis Paraty socioeconomic environmental aspects 203 Agenda diagnostic articulation activities education experiences participated fellow municipalitys municipality s Network recognition circles interviews traditions communities 20 2

The concept of epistemological access, formulated by Morrow (1994; 2007), has been highly influential in higher education. It has been widely used in the sense of moving beyond physical or formal access to meaningful access to the "goods" of the university. An academic literacy approach acknowledges the complexity of literacy practices at university level. According to this approach, students need to master disciplinary literacies in order to learn and engage with knowledge (Lea and Street 1998; 2006). Epistemological access, social justice and academic literacies have been widely researched in the South African higher education field. This conceptual article explores the relationship between epistemological access and the development of students' academic literacies to enhance social justice within the South African higher education context. We draw on related literature and our current experiences as academics to critique current institutional practices aimed at addressing the development of academic literacies and promoting student success. We argue for greater attention to be paid at institutional and faculty level to enhancing epistemological access and social justice. This article ends by putting forward a number of propositions towards strengthening student epistemological access and academic literacies development in higher education from a social justice perspective.

Resumen En este trabajo se emplea un modelo de datos en panel para estudiar el impacto de seis variables clave, tres de ellas relacionadas con la pandemia del COVID-19, sobre las exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas. El panel comprende los 21 subsectores de la industria manufacturera y observaciones mensuales para el período enero de 2020 - diciembre de 2022. Para estimar el modelo, que incluye tanto variables de demanda como de oferta, se utilizan dos métodos: mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas. El segundo método corrige problemas de endogeneidad y se complementa con medidas para acrecentar la eficiencia. La evidencia obtenida indica que las exportaciones manufactureras responden positivamente frente a un incremento en la demanda externa, una depreciación real del peso, un descenso en los costos laborales unitarios (CLU), una mayor cobertura de los programas de vacunación, y un relajamiento de las medidas de distanciamiento social. Dado que los CLU descienden conforme aumenta la productividad laboral, procede concluir que una mayor inversión en educación formal de calidad, en capacitación y adiestramiento es una medida efectiva para exportar más. Asimismo, los efectos de los esfuerzos de vacunación subrayan la importancia de coordinar la política económica con la política de salud.

Abstract This paper employs a panel data model to study the impact of six key variables, three of them directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, on Mexican manufacturing exports. The panel comprises the 21 manufacturing subsectors and monthly data during the January 2020-December 2022 period. Moreover, the model specification entails supply- as well as demand-side variables. The two estimation techniques are ordinary least squares and two- stage least squares. The second estimation procedure corrects for endogeneity problems and is complemented by remedial measures to achieve more efficient parameter estimates. Along these lines, the evidence is robust in showing that manufacturing exports respond positively to an increase in external demand, a real currency depreciation, a drop in unit labor costs (ULC), a wider coverage of vaccination campaigns, and a relaxation of social distancing measures. Given that ULC fall as labor productivity rises, there is a valid rationale to conclude that investing in high- quality formal education, training and skill development could be an effective measure to raise exports. Likewise, the effects of the vaccination efforts highlights the relevance of coordinating economic policy with health policy.

Resumen El siguiente artículo analiza la influencia de la trayectoria académica y el «sistema sexo-género» en la participación de personas mayores en la educación no formal. Este trabajo emerge de una investigación reciente realizada en UNI3 Montevideo, una de las principales instituciones educativas del Uruguay dirigida a esta población y pionera en América Latina. Desde un abordaje principalmente cualitativo y con aportes teóricos de la Pedagogía Social, se profundiza acerca de los rasgos característicos de los participantes, reflexionando sobre posibles escenarios desde una mirada inclusiva.

Abstract The following article analyzes the influence of academic path and the «sex-gender system» on the participation of elderly adults in non-formal education. This work emerges from a recent research carried out at UNI3 Montevideo, one of the main educational institutions in Uruguay aimed at this population and a pioneer in Latin America. From a mainly qualitative approach and with theoretical contributions from Social Pedagogy, the characteristic features of the participants are deeply analyzed, reflecting on possible situations from an inclusive perspective.

Abstract The present work reveals the importance of adopting situated perspectives for the creative appropriation of technology aimed at social inclusion, especially in contexts of punitive confinement. This study aims to contribute to the construction of the «Creative Appropriation of Technologies-Articulation of Curricular Contents» model, understanding it as a theoretical-methodological tool. The development of this model was carried out based on a pilot test in a juvenile penal center in an Argentine province, which enabled an empirical and situated approach. This case study provides relevant information for spaces of punitive confinement where a process of coconstruction between formal and non-formal educational practices is required. The results enable the understanding of the needs and challenges in the integration of technology in the education of young people deprived of liberty and highlight the need to build innovative initiatives that include the inscription of these orientations in institutional projects.

Resumen El presente trabajo revela la importancia de la adopción de perspectivas situadas para la apropiación creativa de tecnología orientadas a la inclusión social, especialmente en contextos de encierro punitivo. Este estudio se propone aportar a la construcción del modelo «Apropiación Creativa Tecnologías-Articulación Contenidos Curriculares» entendiéndolo como una herramienta teórica-metodológica. La elaboración de esta se realizó a partir de una prueba piloto en un centro penal juvenil de una provincia Argentina, lo cual posibilitó una aproximación empírica y situada. Este estudio de caso aporta información relevante para los espacios de encierro punitivo donde requieren de un proceso de coconstrucción entre las prácticas educativas formales y no formales. Los resultados posibilitan la comprensión de las necesidades y desafíos en la integración de tecnología en la educación de jóvenes privados de libertad y destacan la necesidad de construir iniciativas innovadoras que comprendan la inscripción de estas orientaciones en los proyectos institucionales.

Resumo Este trabalho revela a importância da adoção de perspectivas situadas para a apropriação criativa de tecnologia, voltadas para a inclusão social, especialmente em contextos de confinamento punitivo. Este estudo visa contribuir para a construção do modelo «Apropriação Criativa de Tecnologias-Articulação de Conteúdos Curriculares», entendendo-o como uma ferramenta teórico-metodológica. O desenvolvimento desta ferramenta foi realizado a partir de um teste piloto em um centro penal juvenil de uma província Argentina, o que possibilitou uma abordagem empírica e situada. Este estudo de caso fornece informações relevantes para espaços de confinamento punitivo onde é necessário um processo de co-construção entre práticas educativas formais e não formais. Os resultados permitem compreender as necessidades e desafios na integração da tecnologia na educação de jovens privados de liberdade e salientam a necessidade de construir iniciativas inovadoras que incluam a inscrição dessas orientações nos projetos institucionais.

Resumen: A lo largo del siglo XX, las reformas educativas en Chile y el aumento en la escolaridad impulsaron al Estado a buscar sistemas que facilitaran la expansión de la infraestructura educativa a escala nacional. Este artículo discute el proceso de estandarización de los entornos escolares rurales. Examinándolo a la luz de nociones modernistas como “tipología” y “estándares”, se revelan las características únicas de un proceso que, a lo largo del tiempo y a través de distintos actores, exploró diversos enfoques hacia la estandarización funcional, formal y técnica.

Abstract: Throughout the 20th century, educational reforms in Chile and increased school enrollment drove the State to seek systems that would facilitate the expansion of educational infrastructure nationwide. This article delves into the standardization of rural schools. By examining this experience alongside modernist notions of “typology” and “standards,” it reveals the distinctive traits of a process that, over time and through various actors, showcased a range of approaches to functional, formal, and technical standardization.