ABSTRACT The Atlantic Forest has one of the richest avifaunas in the world, with endemic, migratory and endangered taxa. However, some of the ornithological knowledge produced there has yet to be organized and published, hindering effective conservation actions. For example, a study concluded in 2005 documented 213 species for Parque das Neblinas (PN), a private reserve located in the Serra do Mar in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, but there has been no update since. We retrieved, organized, and technically evaluated ornithological data produced for PN over the last 20 years, including that from articles, online platforms, occasional lists and a systematic inventory logging 250 field hours. Data consolidation resulted in 293 bird species for PN, including 88 endemic and nine threatened with extinction. Two-hundred and fifty-seven species were recorded by different researchers and bird observers while 141 were recorded by the field inventory, which added 24 species to the total list, showing great potential for new research. The PN bird community is typical of the São Paulo plateau, with the occurrence of species from coastal lowlands as well as drier areas in the interior, and represents an important area for the conservation of Atlantic Forest birds that is also suitable for bird observation and photography.

Resumen Introducción: El desarrollo y expansión urbana han generado la pérdida y transformación de los ecosistemas andinos. Sin embargo, alrededor de las grandes ciudades colombianas aún se encuentran relictos boscosos que mantienen gran riqueza de biodiversidad, la cual es amenazada por la infraestructura vial. El énfasis de los trabajos de Ecología de Carreteras en el Neotrópico ha estado centrado en el efecto del atropellamiento de fauna desde el punto de vista taxonómico. Objetivo: Evaluar, ecológica y espacialmente, el atropellamiento de la fauna en carreteras ubicadas en zonas de interés para la expansión urbana del norte de los Andes colombianos. Métodos: Se evaluaron la tasa de mortalidad de vertebrados, las zonas críticas de atropellamientos por grupo taxonómico y grupos funcionales. Esto se realizó por medio de análisis de ecología espacial, específicamente análisis de densidad de Kernel y análisis de estadística espacial de puntos calientes. Adicionalmente, se identificó las características del paisaje asociadas al atropellamiento y se evaluó el papel de las vías como factor de resistencia y permeabilidad. Resultados: Se encontraron 279 animales atropellados de 64 especies que representan el 28 % de las 273 especies vertebradas presentes en las áreas protegidas en inmediaciones de las carreteras estudiadas. Se estimó una tasa promedio entre 42 y 170 individuos atropellados por año. Se detectaron patrones diferenciales en la densidad de atropellamiento por grupos taxonómicos y funcionales, donde las especies nocturnas y el tipo de gremio trófico son los más vulnerables. Asimismo, se encontró que los tramos de las vías en cercanía a coberturas boscosas presentan mayor riqueza de especies atropelladas y con mayores requerimientos ecológicos. Estos tramos representan una resistencia importante al movimiento de las especies de la zona. Conclusiones: El atropellamiento presenta patrones espaciales heterogéneos, no solo a nivel taxonómico, sino también a nivel funcional, lo cual representa un deterioro para los ecosistemas protegidos en zonas periurbanas.

Abstract Introduction: Urban development and expansion have led to the loss and transformation of Andean ecosystems. However, remnant forests that maintain biodiversity still exist around Colombia’s major cities, but these forests are threatened by the road infrastructure. Road ecology in the Neotropics has been focused specifically in documenting the effects of roadkill from a taxonomic point of view, mainly in rural areas. Objective: To evaluate ecologically and spatially, the collision of fauna on roads located in areas of urban expansion in the Northern Colombian Andes. Methods: We assessed vertebrate mortality rate and identified the critical areas of roadkill by taxonomic and functional groups. This was achieved through spatial ecology analysis, specifically Kernel density analysis and hotspot spatial statistical analysis. Additionally, we identified landscape features associated with road mortality and assessed the role of roads as resistance and permeability factors. Results: A total of 279 roadkilled animals belonging to 64 species were found, accounting for 28 % of the 273 vertebrate species recorded in the reserve near the studied roads. The average mortality rate for vertebrates was estimated from 42 to 170 individuals annually. Differential patterns were detected in roadkill density across taxonomic and functional groups, where nocturnal species and the trophic guilds are the most vulnerable. Likewise, it was found that the sections of the roads close to the forest have a greater roadkill species richness with greater ecological requirements. These sections constitute an important resistance to species movement in the area. Conclusions: Road mortality in the study area exhibits heterogeneous spatial patterns not only at a taxonomic but also at a functional level, suggesting the deterioration of protected ecosystems in adjacent peri-urban areas.

Abstract: The primary objective of this research study is to assess the water quality of La Compañía and Nexapa rivers in Los Volcanes Biosphere Reserve (Mexico) through the analysis of physical and chemical parameters during wet and dry periods. Twelve locations with different land uses are examined from September 2018 until June 2019. Twenty environmental variables are assessed in situ and in the laboratory in accordance with Mexican environmental regulations. Gathered data are compared with the standards established in the regulations for water for human consumption and aquatic life. The results show that BOD, COD, N-NH4+, TSS, SS, and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Fe) exceed permissible limits. The soils with the greatest impact on water quality are seasonal agricultural soils and forest disturbed. It is concluded that human activities and volcanic emissions affect river water quality-an improvement alternative is phytoremediation with native species.

Resumen: El principal objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la calidad del agua de los ríos La Compañía y Nexapa en la Reserva de la Biósfera Los Volcanes (México), mediante el análisis de parámetros físicos y químicos en la época húmeda y seca. Se examinan 12 localidades con distintos usos de suelo de septiembre 2018 a junio 2019. Se analizan 20 variables ambientales in situ y en el laboratorio conforme la normatividad ambiental mexicana. Los datos recopilados se contrastan con los estándares establecidos en la normatividad para agua de consumo humano y vida acuática. Los resultados muestran que DBO, DQO, N-NH4 +, SST, SS y metales pesados (Cd, Cr, Pb y Fe) exceden los límites permisibles. Los suelos con mayor impacto en la calidad del agua son agrícola de temporal y bosque perturbado. En conclusión, las actividades humanas y las emisiones volcánicas afectan la calidad del agua de los ríos; una alternativa de mejora es la revegetación ribereña con especies nativas.

Abstract: Ecological Reserves are the primary basis for the subsistence of biodiversity, they play crucial roles in the maintenance of ecosystems, especially in the preservation of ecosystem services of climate regulation and water supply. The objective of the research was to determine the accumulation capacity of COS in three ecosystems of the Arenillas Ecological Reserve (REAR) and the influence of depth factors and soil type. It was hypothesized that these factors exert an effect on the physical-chemical properties of the soil, causing carbon variability. Fourteen sampling units were established for the three ecosystems; 1) Intervened, 2) Deciduous Forest and 3) Deciduous shrub forest, two soil samples were extracted from each unit at depths of (0-10 and 10-30 cm), giving a total of 28 samples. The results revealed significant differences between the three types of ecosystems, allowing us to affirm that, in the REAR, the COS content is higher in the deciduous forest ecosystem than in the deciduous shrub forest and the Intermediate zone. Likewise, Alfisol and Entisol soils in the deciduous forest had the highest COS storage capacity, being the surface layer the one with the highest accumulation in the three ecosystems. It was concluded that low precipitation, increased temperature and sporadic vegetation produced by anthropic activities affect COS storage, limiting the provision of ecosystem services related to soil carbon sequestration.

Resumen: Las Reservas Ecológicas, son la base primordial para la subsistencia de la biodiversidad, desempeñan funciones cruciales para el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas, especialmente, en la preservación de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación del clima y suministro de agua. Determinar la capacidad de acumulación del COS en tres ecosistemas de la Reserva Ecológica Arenillas (REAR) y la influencia que tienen con los factores de profundidad y el tipo de suelo, fue el objetivo de la investigación. Se partió de la hipótesis que dichos factores ejercen un efecto sobre las propiedades físicas-químicas del suelo, provocando la variabilidad del carbono. Se establecieron 14 unidades de muestreo para los tres ecosistemas; 1) Intervenido, 2) Bosque deciduo y 3) Bosque arbustal deciduo, se extrajo de cada unidad dos muestras de suelo a profundidades de (0-10 y 10-30 cm), dando un total de 28 muestras. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de ecosistemas, permitiendo afirmar que, en la REAR, el contenido de COS es mayor en el ecosistema de Bosque deciduo, que en los denominados Bosque arbustal deciduo y la zona Intervenida. Así mismo, los suelos del tipo Alfisol y Entisol en el Bosque deciduo presentaron la mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de COS, siendo la capa superficial la de mayor acumulación en los tres ecosistemas. Se concluyó que las bajas precipitaciones, el aumento de la temperatura y la esporádica vegetación producida por actividades antrópicas, afectan el almacenamiento de COS, limitando la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la captura de carbono edáfico.

Resumen Introducción La reforestación y restauración de los ecosistemas forestales son cada vez más difíciles en el contexto del cambio climático. Objetivos Definir zonas de transferencia de semillas para reforestación en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca y el programa ‘Sembrando Vida’ en la Meseta Purépecha, para compensar el cambio climático. Materiales y métodos Se generaron mapas para visualizar dónde se predicen las condiciones climáticas idóneas para la reforestación con plántulas de semilla colectada en zonas delimitadas bajo un clima de referencia (1961-1990) que se proyecta ocurrirá (escenario RCP 4.5, 2050) en sitios distintos. Se utilizó una zonificación climática (basada en la temperatura del mes más frío e índice de aridez) y capas de hábitat climático propicio para Pinus pseudostrobus y Abies religiosa del periodo de referencia (1961-1990) y proyectado (década 2060). Resultados y discusión Las áreas por reforestar serán más cálidas en el futuro, por lo que se requiere semilla de sitios, en promedio, 3 °C más cálidos. Se estimó una reducción de aproximadamente 50 % de la superficie del hábitat climático propicio de P. pseudostrobus y A. religiosa. Tal reducción ocurre en el límite inferior altitudinal denominado ‘límite xérico’, por lo que será necesario el reemplazo de estas por especies adaptadas a sitios más cálidos. Conclusiones Se recomienda el traslado de las fuentes de semillas de lugares más cálidos (+3 °C) y secos a sitios de plantación actualmente más húmedos y fríos. Este enfoque proporciona una herramienta útil para decidir la fuente de semilla bajo un manejo forestal adaptativo ante el cambio climático.

Abstract Introduction Reforestation and restoration of forest ecosystems are increasingly difficult with climate change. Objective Define seed transfer zones for reforestation in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and the ‘Sembrando Vida’ program in the Meseta Purépecha to mitigate climate change. Materials and methods Maps were generated to visualize where the ideal climate conditions for reforestation are projected to occur (RCP 4.5 scenario, 2050) at different sites using seedlings collected in delimited areas under a reference climate (1961-1990). A climate zone system was used (based on the temperature of the coldest month and an aridity index) and layers of suitable climatic habitat for Pinus pseudostrobus and Abies religiosa for the reference (1961-1990) and projected (2060 decade) period. Results and discussion The areas to be reforested will be warmer in the future, requiring seed from sites, on average, 3 °C warmer. A reduction of approximately 50 % of the area of climatically favorable habitat for P. pseudostrobus and A. religiosa was estimated. This reduction occurs at the lower altitudinal limit called the 'xeric limit’; therefore, it will be necessary to replace them with species adapted to warmer sites. Conclusions Moving seed sources from warmer (+3 °C) and drier sites to currently wetter and cooler planting sites is recommended. This provides a useful tool for deciding the seed source under adaptive forest management facing climate change.

Resumen El zorro de Sechura (Lycalopex sechurae) es una especie poco estudiada, aunque común en el noroeste de Perú y categorizada como Casi Amenazada a nivel internacional. Este estudio presenta el ámbito de hogar, la preferencia de hábitat y los patrones de actividad de L. sechurae en dos localidades del Desierto de Sechura: los Manglares de San Pedro de Vice (MSPV) y la Reserva Nacional Illescas (RNI). A través de collares GPS, el método de polígono mínimo convexo y el estimador de Kernel (EK), se calculó el ámbito de hogar de cuatro hembras, dos en cada localidad. Además, con los datos de localización GPS, se estimaron los patrones de actividad y las preferencias de hábitat de cada individuo. El ámbito de hogar en MSPV fue de 0.6 y 1 km² (EK al 95%), mientras que en RNI fue de 3.5 y 25.1 km² (EK al 95%). Las hembras del MSPV mostraron preferencia por el bosque seco (54.8% y 76.1%), mientras que las de la RNI prefirieron el matorral desértico (64.3% y 64.5%). Todos los individuos fueron catemerales, con mayor actividad nocturna. Estos resultados destacan la variabilidad en los ámbitos de hogar, la similitud de los patrones de actividad con estudios previos, y la importancia del bosque seco y el matorral desértico como fuentes clave de recursos para Lycalopex sechurae.

Abstract The Sechura fox (Lycalopex sechurae) is a little-studied species despite being common in northwestern Peru and listed as Near Threatened internationally. This study presents the home range, habitat preference, and activity patterns of L. sechurae in two locations of the Sechura Desert: The Mangroves of San Pedro de Vice (MSPV) and the Illescas National Reserve (RNI). Using GPS collars, the minimum convex polygon method, and the Kernel estimator (KE), the home range of four female individuals (two from each site) was calculated. Additionally, the GPS location data were used to estimate activity patterns and habitat preferences for each individual. The home range of females from MSPV was 0.6 and 1 km² (95% KE), whereas, for the RNI, it was 3.5 and 25.1 km² (95% KE). Females from MSPV preferred dry forest (54.8% and 76.1%), while those from RNI favored desert scrub (64.3% and 64.5%). All individuals exhibited cathemeral behavior, with increased nocturnal activity. Our results demonstrate variability in home range sizes, similarity in activity patterns compared to other studies, and highlight the importance of dry forest and desert scrub as resource-rich habitats for Lycalopex sechurae.

Resumen: Antecedentes: En el trabajo de campo realizado en el municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz, se localizaron poblaciones de una especie del género Matelea con flor sobresalientemente pequeña, que no coincidía con las especies reportadas para México, sino que es morfológicamente similar a M. anomala, especie endémica de Bolivia. Preguntas: ¿las poblaciones de la Matelea de Altotonga corresponden a una especie nueva para la ciencia o a una distribución disjunta de M. anomala? Especies de estudio: Matelea sp. nov. Sitio y años de estudio: Reserva del Río Pancho Poza, Altotonga, Veracruz, México. Métodos: Se realizó comparación morfológica con las especies mexicanas de Matelea y con M. anomala, empleando el concepto cohesivo de especie. Resultados: Se describe a Matelea lilliputiana como especie nueva para la ciencia, endémica del municipio de Altotonga, Veracruz. Se diferencia de M. anomala por presentar una corona ginostegial 5-lobada con ápices bifurcados (vs. corona no claramente lobada y márgenes fimbriados en M. anomala), estípite anguloso (vs. cilíndrico) y cáliz densamente pubescente-hirsuto (vs. glabrescente). Adicionalmente, M. lilliputiana es endémica de México y crece en bosque de pino-encino con elementos de mesófilo, mientras que M. anomala es endémica de Bolivia y crece en matorral estacionalmente seco. Conclusiones: Con el presente descubrimiento, el estado de Veracruz alcanza 126 especies de Apocynaceae, con cinco endémicas. A nivel mundial, es la segunda especie del género en presentar corolas menores a 5 mm de largo y la primera para México.

Abstract: Background: Through field work in the municipality of Altotonga, Veracruz, populations of a species of the genus Matelea with a small flower were located. This entity did not match with the species reported for Mexico, but it is morphologically similar to M. anomala, which is endemic to Bolivia. Questions: Do the Altotonga Matelea populations correspond to a new species for science or it is a disjunct distribution of M. anomala? Studied species: Matelea sp. nov. Study site and dates: Pancho Poza River Reserve, Altotonga, Veracruz, Mexico. Methods: A morphological comparison was made with Mexican species of Matelea and with M. anomala, using the cohesive species concept. Results: Matelea lilliputiana is described as a new species to science, endemic to the municipality of Altotonga, Veracruz. It differs from M. anomala in having a 5-lobed gynostegial crown with bifurcate apices (vs. crown not clearly lobed and fimbriate margins in M. anomala), angular stipe (vs. cylindrical) and a densely pubescent-hirsute calyx (vs. glabrescent). Additionally, M. lilliputiana is endemic to Mexico and grows in pine-oak forest with mesophyll elements, while M. anomala is endemic to Bolivia and grows in seasonally dry scrub. Conclusions: With the present discovery, the state of Veracruz reaches 126 species of Apocynaceae, with five endemics. Worldwide, it is the second species of the genus with corollas less than 5 mm long and the first in Mexico.

Resumen Introducción y Objetivos: Los inventarios briológicos en los espacios protegidos cubanos apoyan la actualización de los planes de manejos al inventariar las especies, detectar sus amenazas y diseñar acciones para su conservación. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar la brioflora presente en las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. M&M: En la recolecta de los especímenes se exploraron los hábitats adecuados para la instalación de los briófitos siguiendo el método del Muestro Florístico del Hábitat. En la determinación de los taxones se consultó la bibliografía especializada y las bases de datos. Todo el material colectado fue depositado en la colección Bryophyta del herbario BSC. Resultados: Se registraron para las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara 49 taxones infragenéricos de antocerotas, hepáticas y musgos. La reserva La Caoba fue la más diversa (73,5% del total) y los musgos la división mejor representada (55,1%). El sustrato epífito es el más diverso y el Bosque semideciduo mesófilo la formación vegetal mejor representada (83,3%). La totalidad de los taxones amenazados se registraron en la Reserva Florística Manejada La Caoba. Conclusiones: En las Reservas Florísticas Manejadas La Caoba y Charrascales de Mícara la brioflora se caracteriza por la presencia de taxones de amplia plasticidad ecológica y distribución geográfica. Las condiciones presentes en la reserva Charrascales de Mícara limitan el desarrollo de los briófitos. La diversidad briológica en La Caoba está amenazada por la fragmentación del hábitat debido a las alteraciones del paisaje.

Summary Background and aims: Bryological inventories in Cuban protected areas support the updating of management plans by inventorying species, detecting threats and designing actions for their conservation. The aim of this research is to characterize the bryoflora present in the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. M&M: In the collection of the specimens, suitable habitats for the establishment of the bryophytes were explored following the method of Floristic Habitat Sampling. Specialised literature and databases were consulted in the determination of taxa. All collected material was deposited in the Bryophyta collection of the BSC herbarium. Results: For the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara 49 infrageneric taxa of hornworts, liverworts and mosses were recorded. The La Caoba reserve was the most diverse (73.5% of the total) and mosses the best represented division (55.1%). The epiphytic substrate is the most diverse and the mesophyll semi-deciduous forest the best represented plant formation (83.3%). All threatened taxa were recorded in the La Caoba Managed Floristic Reserve. Conclusions: In the Managed Floristic Reserves La Caoba and Charrascales de Mícara the bryoflora is characterised by the presence of taxa with a wide ecological plasticity and geographical distribution. The conditions present in the Charrascales de Mícara reserve limit the development of bryophytes. The bryological diversity in La Caoba is threatened by habitat fragmentation due to landscape alterations.

Resumen. La Guacamaya Verde (Ara militaris) no se considera dentro de la avifauna de Morelos debido a la falta de evidencia solida que confirme presencia de la especie en el estado. Realizamos censos sistemáticos, desde puntos de observación elevados, en el bosque tropical seco de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, durante los meses de agosto a diciembre de 2017 y 2020-2022, para confirmar la presencia de la Guacamaya Verde en la reserva. Obtuvimos 36 registros de Guacamaya Verde, con evidencia fotográfica, y observamos un promedio de 10.0 ± 11.2 guacamayas por registro, registrando bandadas de 32-39 individuos en tres ocasiones. Identificamos sitios dentro de la reserva que fueron utilizados recurrentemente por la especie para descansar, alimentarse y posarse. También observamos individuos de Guacamaya Verde alimentándose de tres especies de árboles, y la población local informó sobre otras 6 especies de plantas en la dieta. No pudimos confirmar la anidación de la especie en la reserva ya que las observaciones se realizaron fuera de la temporada de reproducción. Algunos avistamientos se produjeron fuera de la reserva de la biosfera, en una zona de la Mixteca Baja Poblana (Puebla) que ha sido propuesta como nueva área protegida. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan la primera evidencia sistemática y fotográfica de la presencia de la Guacamaya Verde en el estado de Morelos, confirman la relevancia y efectividad de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla para la conservación regional de la especie y del bosque tropical seco y brindan apoyo adicional a la propuesta para crear una nueva área protegida y corredor de conservación en la Cuenca del Balsas, en beneficio de la conservación de esta especie de ave amenazada.

Abstract. The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is not considered within the avifauna of Morelos due to a lack of solid evidence confirming the presence of the species in the state. We conducted systematic surveys from elevated viewpoints in the tropical dry forest of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve from August to December 2017 and 2020-2022 to confirm the presence of the Military Macaw in the reserve. We obtained 36 records of the Military Macaw, with photographic evidence, and observed a mean of 10.0 ± 11.2 macaws per record, registering flocks of 32-39 individuals on three occasions. We identified sites within the reserve that Military Macaws recurrently used for resting, foraging, and roosting. We also observed macaws foraging in three tree species, with another six plant species reported in the diet by local people. We could not confirm nesting by macaws in the reserve as observations were conducted outside the breeding season. Some sightings occurred outside the biosphere reserve, in an area of the Mixteca Baja Poblana (Puebla) proposed as a new protected area. Our findings provide the first systematic and photographic evidence of the presence of the Military Macaw in Morelos state, confirm the relevance and effectivity of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve for regional conservation of the species and the tropical dry forest, and provide additional support for the proposal to create a new protected area and conservation corridor in the Balsas Basin that could benefit the conservation of this endangered bird species.

Abstract This study aimed to do a short and single survey of the diversity of mosquitoes found in tree holes within a fragment of Atlantic Forest in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Larvae were collected through active search, inspecting tree cavities and collecting water and larvae using a homemade siphon on a single day. Eight species of Culicidae were recorded from the surveyed tree holes. Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon, 1924) and Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar, 1921 were the most abundant species, accounting for 63.1% of the total specimens collected, followed by Culex (Microculex) sp. (12.20%), Aedes terrens (Walker, 1856) (5.26%) and Aedes fulvithorax (Lutz, 1904) (1.75 %). Although there are other breeding sites in nature (bromeliads and bamboos), tree holes in native trees play a fundamental role in maintaining and conserving the culicid fauna due to their water storage capacity, especially in wild species, such as species of the genus Haemagogus Williston, 1896.

Resumen Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar un estudio breve y único sobre la diversidad de mosquitos encontrados en cavidades de árboles dentro de un fragmento de Bosque Atlántico en Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Las larvas fueron recolectadas mediante búsqueda activa, inspeccionando cavidades de árboles y recolectando agua con larvas utilizando un sifón casero en un solo día. Se registraron ocho especies de Culicidae en las cavidades de árboles muestreados. Haemagogus leucocelaenus (Dyar y Shannon, 1924) y Haemagogus janthinomys Dyar, 1921 fueron las especies más abundantes, representando el 63,1% del total de especímenes recolectados, seguidas por Culex (Microculex) sp. (12,20%), Aedes terrens (Walker, 1856) (5,26%) y Aedes fulvithorax (Lutz, 1904) (1,75%). Aunque existen otros sitios de cría en la naturaleza (bromelias y bambúes), las cavidades presentes en árboles nativos desempeñan un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento y conservación de la fauna de culícidos debido a su capacidad de almacenamiento de agua, especialmente en especies silvestres pertenecientes al género Haemagogus Williston, 1896.

ABSTRACT: The sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion is one of the most pristine wilderness areas remaining on the planet, and is home to the southernmost forest ecosystems in the world, which are protected by the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR). In these forests, birds are the group of vertebrates with the largest number of species. However, essential aspects of the ecology and morphology of several species in this region are still understudied. These species include the White-throated treerunner (Pygarrhichas albogularis, King 1831), considered a “living fossil" as it is the only living species of the genus Pygarrhichas. In addition, this Furnariid is endemic to the temperate forests of South America. Using the 23-year database of the Long-Term Ornithological Research Program of Omora Park (54°56'S, 67°38'W), based on monthly captures and banding of forest birds, we describe the morphology, longevity, and presence of the White- throated treerunner in the CHBR. Between 2000 and 2022, 91 individuals were captured, including 29 recaptures. Based on these recaptures we determined that this species can live for at least five years. Morphometric measures showed a positive correlation between bill measures and tarsus length with both tail and wing lengths. The average weight varied for each season but not significantly. The greater presence on old-growth forests sites suggests a dependence of treerunners on large trees. This study expands the knowledge about the natural history of the White-throated treerunner, particularly about its populations inhabiting the world's southernmost forests.

RESUMEN: La ecorregión subantártica de Magallanes constituye una de las áreas silvestres más prístinas y alberga los ecosistemas boscosos más australes del mundo, que están protegidos por la Reserva de la Biosfera Cabo de Hornos (RBCH), Chile. En estos bosques, las aves son el grupo de vertebrados con mayor número de especies. Sin embargo, aspectos esenciales de la ecología y la morfología de varias especies de esta región todavía han sido poco investigados. Entre estas especies, se incluye el comesebo grande (Pygarrhichas albogularis, King 1831), considerado un “fósil viviente" por ser la única especie viva del género Pygarrhichas. Además, es un furnariido endémico de los bosques templados de Sudamérica. Utilizando la base de datos de 23 años del Programa de Investigación Ornitológica a Large Plazo del Parque Omora (54°56'S, 67°38'W), que ha realizado capturas y anillamientos de aves de bosque, describimos la morfología, longevidad y presencia del comesebo grande en la RBCH. Entre los años 2000 y 2022 se anillaron 91 individuos, incluyendo 29 recapturas que nos permitieron determinar que esta especie puede vivir al menos cinco años. Las medidas morfométricas mostraron una correlación positiva entre las medidas de pico y la longitud del tarso con las longitudes de la cola y del ala. El peso varió en cada estación anual, pero no significativamente. La mayor presencia al interior del bosque antiguo sugiere una dependencia de esta especie con los grandes árboles. Este estudio amplía el conocimiento sobre la historia natural del comesebo grande, particularmente de sus poblaciones que habitan en los bosques más australes del mundo.

Abstract Threats must be eliminated from the tropical mountain forest habitat of Dolok Sipirok Natural Reserve, which is home to the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). The threat arises from human-orangutan conflict resulting from the occupation of agricultural land and the opening of accessibility. The aim of this research is to identify areas and patterns of conflict between orangutans and humans in the vicinity of the Dolok Sipirok Nature Reserve. Data was gathered through community interviews and direct observation of the Tapanuli orangutan. The magnitude of community losses was determined by analyzing economic losses and crop destruction. The majority of conflicts were discovered in community fields that were about to be harvested. The main attraction for orangutans is fruit plants in those areas. These fruit trees are located in a roaming area and animal corridor. A buffer zone must be managed effectively to provide for the orangutan’s sustenance and nesting requirements. Reserve Pongo tapanuliensis. tapanuliensis . tapanuliensis) humanorangutan human orangutan accessibility destruction harvested corridor s requirements

ABSTRACT Ecological trails are proposed to assist in environmental education programs, especially in reserves promoting a dynamic education and interaction with nature. The Floresta Nacional de Açu is a reserve of Caatinga dry forest, located in Açu, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Here we aimed to develop an environmental education trail for visitors, seed collectors, parataxonomists and researchers. Adult tree individuals were marked with numbered aluminum tags, identified and georeferenced. Thirteen species of the Leguminosae were identified and 34 individuals were tagged, in addition to 58 individuals belonging to 13 different families. Three trails were defined: (1) Trail of Legumes; (2) Catingueira-cinzenta Trail; and (3) immersion trail in the Caatinga. These trails were tested by the authors and visitors between july 23-24, 2022. We conclude that the trails become an important tool to provide the protection of these environments and to increase perception of the local species. programs nature forest Norte Brazil collectors researchers tags georeferenced 3 tagged 5 1 families defined (1 Legumes 2 (2 Catingueiracinzenta Catingueira cinzenta (3 2324, 2324 23 24, 24 23-24 2022 ( 232 23-2 202 23- 20

RESUMO Trilhas ecológicas são propostas para auxiliar na Educação Ambiental, sobretudo em Unidades de Conservação, promovendo uma educação dinâmica e interação entre os visitantes e a natureza. A Floresta Nacional de Açu é uma Unidade de Conservação na Caatinga, localizada no município de Açu, Rio Grande do Norte. Aqui objetivamos desenvolver uma trilha de Educação Ambiental para visitantes, coletores de sementes, parataxonomistas e pesquisadores. Os indivíduos arbóreos foram marcados com placas de alumínio numeradas, identificadas e georreferenciadas. Foram identificadas 13 espécies de Leguminosae e marcados 34 indivíduos, além de 58 indivíduos pertencentes a 13 famílias distintas. Foram definidas três trilhas: (1) Trilha das Leguminosas; (2) Trilha da Catingueira-cinzenta e (3) trilha de imersão na Caatinga. Essas trilhas foram testadas pelos autores e visitantes nos dias 23-24 julho de 2022. Concluímos que as trilhas se tornam uma importante ferramenta para proporcionar a proteção destes ambientes e uma maior percepção das espécies locais. natureza Caatinga Norte sementes pesquisadores numeradas georreferenciadas 1 3 5 distintas (1 Leguminosas 2 (2 Catingueiracinzenta Catingueira cinzenta (3 2324 23 24 23-2 2022 locais ( 232 23- 202 20

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (braúna) is a tree species of the Anacardiaceae family. It is native to Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. It is a candidate for agro-industrial system that can be used to produce phytotherapeutics and bioproducts. However, to comprehensively understand the characteristics of plant within the framework of sustainable development for agro-industries, exploring the chemical and phenotypic diversity of samples from various microenvironments across different collection periods is essential. Accordingly, herein, the influence of different environmental factors and sample collection durations on braúna samples was investigated over several years using multivariate statistical analyses associated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Bark samples from different areas and environmental data from different locations were analyzed. Distinct chemical profiles were observed across reserve, forest, and management areas, all marked by elevated sugar levels suggesting water stress adaptation. High radiation and low rainfall correlated with increased sugar and amino acids. Each microenvironment responded uniquely to these environmental conditions. Consequently, plant samples from different microenvironments collected over different periods were observed to respond differently to environmental factors, such as solar radiation and temperature. We correlated the metabolomic data with climatic data evaluating the influence of abiotic factors on the production of metabolites in braúna bark samples. Engl (braúna family Brazil Paraguay Bolivia agroindustrial agro industrial bioproducts However agroindustries, agroindustries industries, industries agro-industries essential Accordingly herein NMR (NMR spectroscopy analyzed reserve forest adaptation acids conditions Consequently temperature

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2