Problem: Preterm birth is the leading cause of death and can result in significant long-term loss of physical and psychological capacity among survivors.Background: An estimated 15 million babies are born preterm every year. Prediction models based on machine learning methods have reported promising results.Aims: To identify risk factors associated with preterm birth and to develop and validate a prediction model for this outcome in a Brazilian birth cohort.Methods: Cross-sectional study of all births that occurred in Ribeirão Preto-SP and of one in three births that occurred in São Luís-MA, Brazil, in 2010. Questionnaires were applied to obtain pregnancy-related data. Multivariate adaptive regression splines were used to determine the independent variables. Preterm birth, defined as birth before 37 weeks gestational age, was the dependent variable. A random forest model was developed and its performance was evaluated by ROC analysis.Findings: The preterm birth rates were 12.7% (RP) and 14.1% (SL). The prediction and validation accuracies of the RF-based model were 91.3% and 85.5% respectively. The model can be applied starting in the third month of gestation and is more effective in identifying preterm infants with GA<31 weeks and 6 days (AUC=0.98).Discussion: It was possible to build a prediction model based on easily accessible low-cost data, without the need for complementary tests, providing results similar to those of other studies.Conclusions: Previous preterm birth and prenatal care were determinants. The use of an application for individualized patient monitoring an early stage can have positive effects on the quality of life of mother and child.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine; Ecosystem Services Based Mangrove Forest with Management Model Strategies, Sustainability of Coastal Natural Resources. This research design uses systematic review namely library research that examines quality and critical journals, which have been filtered with inclusion criteria and uses several Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct and Research gate databases as literacy in this study. A search of 2018-2023 articles returned 17,000 keyword results. Ecosystem Services Based Mangrove Forest with Management Strategies, which were filtered into 10 journals according to the theme and analyzed by reviewing them. Ecosystem Services Based Mangrove Forest with Management Strategies. The research results show that mangrove ecosystem services with an area of 88,556 ha was Rp 6,961,126,186,194 year-1 (US$ 467,974,555.06 year-1) or Rp 78,607,444 ha-1-1 (US$ 5,284.5 ha-1year-1). Ecosystem Services Based Mangrove Forest with Management Strategies, that there are three main components that must be considered in efforts to manage and utilize mangrove ecosystems and coastal natural resources, namely; 1) social activity(social processes) provide socialization or understanding to the community about the importance of protecting mangrove forests and the benefits that the community will receive 2) the economy(economic processes) take advantage of the existing potential by planting mangrove trees, and 3) the natural resources themselves(natural processes) Mangrove forest management includes establishing protected forest areas for mangrove forest conservation so that they are well maintained and sustainable. From the socio-economic, cultural and human aspects, natural resources are needed to be able to continue their lives, on the other hand, the existence or sustainability of coastal natural resources is very dependent on human activities as the main users of natural resources. examine Strategies Resources Scholar Pubmed study 20182023 2018 2023 2018-202 17000 17 000 17,00 1 them 88556 88 556 88,55 6961126186194 6 961 126 186 194 6,961,126,186,19 year1 year year- US$ US (US 46797455506 467 974 555 06 467,974,555.0 78607444 78 607 444 78,607,44 ha11 ha-1- 52845 5 284 5,284. ha1year1. ha1year1 hayear 1year . ha-1year-1) activitysocial activity processes 2 economyeconomic economy economic trees 3 themselvesnatural themselves sustainable socioeconomic, socioeconomic socio economic, socio-economic aspects lives hand 2018202 201 202 2018-20 1700 00 17,0 8855 8 55 88,5 696112618619 96 12 18 19 6,961,126,186,1 4679745550 46 97 0 467,974,555. 7860744 7 60 44 78,607,4 ha1 ha-1 5284 28 5,284 ha1year ha-1year-1 201820 20 2018-2 170 17, 885 88, 69611261861 9 6,961,126,186, 467974555 4 467,974,555 786074 78,607, ha- 528 5,28 ha-1year- 20182 2018- 6961126186 6,961,126,186 46797455 467,974,55 78607 78,607 52 5,2 ha-1year 696112618 6,961,126,18 4679745 467,974,5 7860 78,60 5, 69611261 6,961,126,1 467974 467,974, 786 78,6 6961126 6,961,126, 46797 467,974 78, 696112 6,961,126 4679 467,97 69611 6,961,12 467,9 6961 6,961,1 467, 696 6,961, 69 6,961 6,96 6,9 6,

Resumo Este estudo analisa os serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos por florestas de manguezal e propõe estratégias de manejo para a sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais costeiros. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão sistemática, ou seja, pesquisa bibliográfica que examina periódicos críticos e de qualidade, revisados por pares em bancos de dados como Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct e Researchgate. Uma pesquisa de artigos de 2018-2023 retornou 17.000 resultados com as palavras-chave “Serviços Ecossistêmicos de Florestas de Manguezal com Estratégias de Manejo”. Após filtragem de acordo com o tema, foram analisadas 10 publicações científicas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que os serviços ecossistêmicos de mangue com uma área de 88.556 ha foram de Rp 6.961.126.186.194 ano-1 (US$ 467.974.555,06 ano-1) ou Rp 78.607.444 ha-1-1 (US$ 5.284,5 ha-1ano-1). O estudo também identificou três componentes principais a serem considerados no manejo e utilização dos ecossistemas de manguezais e recursos naturais costeiros: 1) a atividade social (processos sociais) proporciona socialização ou compreensão à comunidade sobre a importância de proteger os manguezais e os benefícios que a comunidade receberá; 2) a economia (processos econômicos) aproveita o potencial existente plantando árvores de mangue; e 3) os próprios recursos naturais (processos naturais). O manejo dos manguezais inclui o estabelecimento de áreas florestais protegidas para a conservação das florestas de manguezais, para que sejam bem mantidas e sustentáveis. Do ponto de vista socioeconômico, cultural e humano, os recursos naturais são necessários para poder continuar as suas vidas. Por outro lado, a existência ou sustentabilidade dos recursos naturais costeiros está muito dependente das atividades humanas, uma vez que o ser humano é o principal usuário desses recursos. sistemática seja qualidade Scholar Pubmed Researchgate 20182023 2018 2023 2018-202 17000 17 000 17.00 palavraschave palavras chave Serviços Manejo. Manejo . Manejo” tema 1 científicas 88556 88 556 88.55 6961126186194 6 961 126 186 194 6.961.126.186.19 ano1 ano ano- US$ US (US 46797455506 467 974 555 06 467.974.555,0 78607444 78 607 444 78.607.44 ha11 ha-1- 52845 5 284 5.284, ha1ano1. ha1ano1 haano 1ano ha-1ano-1) processos sociais receberá 2 econômicos 3 naturais. naturais) sustentáveis socioeconômico vidas lado humanas 2018202 201 202 2018-20 1700 00 17.0 8855 8 55 88.5 696112618619 96 12 18 19 6.961.126.186.1 4679745550 46 97 0 467.974.555, 7860744 7 60 44 78.607.4 ha1 ha-1 5284 28 5.284 ha1ano ha-1ano-1 201820 20 2018-2 170 17. 885 88. 69611261861 9 6.961.126.186. 467974555 4 467.974.555 786074 78.607. ha- 528 5.28 ha-1ano- 20182 2018- 6961126186 6.961.126.186 46797455 467.974.55 78607 78.607 52 5.2 ha-1ano 696112618 6.961.126.18 4679745 467.974.5 7860 78.60 5. 69611261 6.961.126.1 467974 467.974. 786 78.6 6961126 6.961.126. 46797 467.974 78. 696112 6.961.126 4679 467.97 69611 6.961.12 467.9 6961 6.961.1 467. 696 6.961. 69 6.961 6.96 6.9 6.

Abstract We evaluated the bird composition, forest dependence, trophic guilds and avian representativeness associated with 7, 10 and 15 years old reforestations and mature forest patches in order to verify the successional process and avian contribution to the forest restoration. Analyses revealed a segregation of bird composition with a gradual increasing in forest dependent species from 7 years to mature forest. Detrended Correspondence Analysis ranged from those birds often present in semi-open habitats to forest birds, canopy frugivorous and understory insectivorous as the successional stages progressed from the most recent reforestation to the most mature. Although 7 and 10 years of reforestation had the largest composition range, the more generalist, granivorous and forest independent birds, three years were enough to have different bird diversity between them. Avifauna of 15 years patches resembled most closely that of mature forest but still lacked 18 species. In this way, we addressed: 1) planting of herbaceous/shrub and freshy-fruited species in reforestations and; 2) establish riparian forest corridors along the Paraná river to connect these reforestation patches with mature forest. These measures will allow higher avian beta-diversity to maximize the diaspores dispersed by birds to expand and accelerate the rehabilitation of this threatened for forest. dependence 1 restoration semiopen semi open range generalist them way addressed herbaceousshrub herbaceous shrub freshyfruited freshy fruited 2 betadiversity beta

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os desempenhos da regressão logística e de algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina para prever infecção por Fasciola hepatica em bovinos. Um conjunto de dados de 30.151 bovinos do Uruguai foi usado no estudo. Foram comparados a regressão logística (RL) e os algoritmos k-nearest neighbor (KNN), árvores de decisão (CART) e random forest (RF). O intervalo interquartil (IQR) e o escore-z foram usados para melhorar a classificação e comparados entre si. Sexo, idade, escore de conformação de carcaça, escore de gordura, propósito produtivo e peso da carcaça foram usados como variáveis independentes para todos os algoritmos. A infecção por F. hepatica foi usada como variável dependente binária. Os níveis de precisão de RL, KNN, CART e RF foram 0.61, 0.57, 0.57 e 0.58, respectivamente. A variável importância do modelo de RL mostrou que bovinos adultos tenderam à infecção por F. hepatica. Todos os modelos apresentaram baixa precisão, mas a RL distinguiu com sucesso as variáveis relacionadas a F. hepatica. Tanto o IQR quanto o escore-z mostram resultados semelhantes quanto à melhoria da métrica de classificação para o conjunto de dados utilizadoo. No conjunto de dados, dados relacionados ao clima ou a fatores como peso corporal, podem melhorar a confiabilidade do modelo em estudos futuros. 30151 30 151 30.15 estudo (RL knearest k nearest KNN , (KNN) (CART RF. . (RF) (IQR escorez z si Sexo idade gordura F binária 061 0 61 0.61 057 57 0.5 058 58 0.58 respectivamente utilizadoo corporal futuros 3015 3 15 30.1 (KNN (RF 06 6 0.6 05 5 0. 301 1 30.

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the performances of logistic regression and machine learning algorithms to predict infection caused by Fasciola hepatica in cattle. A dataset on 30,151 bovines from Uruguay was used. Logistic regression (LR) and the algorithms k-nearest neighbor (KNN), classification and regression trees (CART), and random forest (RF) were compared. The interquartile range (IQR) and z-score were used to improve the classification and compared to each another. Sex, age, carcass conformation score, fat score, productive purpose, and carcass weight were used as independent variables for all algorithms. Infection by F. hepática was used as a binary dependent variable. The accuracies of LR, KNN, CART, and RF were 0.61, 0.57, 0.57, and 0.58, respectively. The variable importance of LR showed that adult cattle tended to be infected by F. hepatica. All models showed low accuracy, but LR successfully distinguished variables related to F. hepatica. Both the IQR and z-score show similar results in improving the classification metrics for the used dataset. In the dataset, data related to climate or factors such as body weight can improve the reliability of the model in future studies. 30151 30 151 30,15 (LR knearest k nearest KNN , (KNN) CART (CART) (RF (IQR zscore z score another Sex age purpose F 061 0 61 0.61 057 57 0.57 058 58 0.58 respectively accuracy studies 3015 3 15 30,1 (KNN (CART 06 6 0.6 05 5 0.5 301 1 30, 0.

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2

While there are many factors, including climatology, geography, topography, vegetation and soil, that affect hydrologic processes, understanding the role of forests seems most essential, due to their manageable nature. In this study, a holistic approach was taken, and possible factors affecting streamflow, including tree, sapling, shrub, herb and soil strata, were measured for 29 small catchments/stream basins located in Turkey. Linear regression models were developed in order to estimate water flow (m³-ha-'). Several models were suggested for use in practice. These models were based on the data on hand and displayed a sufficient level of explained variance in the dependent variable. Model 5, based on the variables of catchment area (ha), drainage density, ratio of coniferous stand areas in the catchment (%), tree volume (m³-ha-'), leaf area index, number of short saplings (number-ha-1), and topsoil sand rate (%), was recommended for flow estimation, achieving a 0.73 adjfi² value for test data. These variables can be obtained as part of a survey and water managers can use them to estimate water flow of the catchment. The generated models can be used in multiple-use planning of forests, e.g. in adjusting the volume of stands to get optimum benefit from wood and water production. One of the most interesting results and one that was opposite to that documented in the general literature, was the positive correlation between tree volume and flow per hectare, which suggests a strategy of growing older tree stands to enable greater water production.

ABSTRACT The functioning of ecosystems or agroecosystems is mainly dependent on the soil-litterfall interaction. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different soil use and management systems on the dynamics of decomposition of plant residues of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia). The study was conducted in four land occupation systems, namely: remaining forest, agroforestry, agricultural mandala, and pasture. The decomposition rate was estimated using nylon bags (litter bags), containing 20 g of leaves of A. indica and G. sepium, which were arranged on the soil surface of each area for 18, 36, 54, 72, 90, and 108 days. A completely randomized design was used for each species, considering each area as one treatment, with four replications for each collection. The data were subjected to regression analysis and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). More than 85% and 90% of A. indica and G. sepium plant matters, respectively, had been decomposed after 108 days, regardless of the system evaluated, denoting that these species present high decomposition rates. The phytomass half-life time varied from 16 to 23 days for G. sepium and from 25 to 37 days for A. indica, depending on the land use system. Edaphic temperature, soil water content, and leaf physical and chemical characteristics are weight loss predictors. The results provide important information to enable forest management practices. soillitterfall litterfall interaction Thus neem (neem gliricidia. gliricidia . (gliricidia) namely agroforestry mandala pasture litter bags, , bags) 2 G 18 36 54 72 90 10 treatment collection Tukeys Tukey s p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) 85 matters respectively evaluated rates halflife half life 1 3 temperature content predictors practices (gliricidia 5 7 9 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 8 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO O funcionamento dos ecossistemas ou agroecossistemas depende, sobretudo, da interação solo-serapilheira. Assim, objetivouse avaliar a influência de diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo do solo sobre a dinâmica de decomposição dos resíduos vegetais de Azadirachta indica e Gliricidia sepium. O estudo foi conduzido em quatro sistemas de ocupação da terra, sendo eles: remanescente florestal, sistema agroflorestal (SAF), mandala agrícola e pastagem. A taxa de decomposição foi estimada com o uso de sacolas de nylon (litter bags), contendo 20 g de folhas de A. indica e G. sepium, que foram dispostas na superfície do solo de cada área por um período de 18, 36, 54, 72, 90 e 108 dias. Adotou-se um DIC, considerando cada área como um tratamento e quatro repetições a cada coleta, para ambas as espécies. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de regressão e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey (p<0,05). Após 108 dias, mais de 85 e 90% da fitomassa de A. indica e G. sepium, respectivamente, havia sido decomposta, independente do sistema avaliado, indicando que estas espécies apresentam rápida taxa de decomposição. O tempo de meia-vida (T½) do material vegetal variou de 16 a 23 dias no caso da G. sepium e de 25 a 37 dias no caso da A. indica, dependendo do sistema de uso da terra. A temperatura edáfica, o conteúdo de água do solo e as características físico-químicas da fração foliar são preditores da perda de massa. Esses conhecimentos podem fornecer importantes informações que viabilizem práticas de manejo florestal. depende sobretudo soloserapilheira. soloserapilheira serapilheira. serapilheira solo-serapilheira Assim terra eles florestal SAF, SAF , (SAF) pastagem litter bags, bags bags) 2 G 18 36 54 72 9 10 Adotouse Adotou se DIC coleta p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 (p<0,05) 8 respectivamente decomposta avaliado meiavida meia vida T½ T (T½ 1 3 edáfica físicoquímicas físico químicas massa (SAF 5 7 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 (T p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT The ecological structure of forest fragments is closely related to the dynamics of biological flows directly dependent on the decomposition of the litterfall, which is the main mechanism of recycling nutrients to plants. In this sense, the objective of the present work was to quantify the annual litterfall productionduring the period from April 2013 to March 2014 in Mata do Bebo, an Atlantic Forest fragment located in Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte. 10 conical collectors were used to obtain the data on the litter contribution, with an average opening area of 0.128 m2, placed 1 m above the ground. The material was collected monthly, dried at air temperature for 48 h, and separated into four fractions: leaves, bark and branches, reproductive material; and miscellaneous material. After separation, the fractions were weighed and stored. The total contribution of litter was uninterrupted and totaled 5,038.72 kg ha-1 yea-1, with the highest production in September, at the beginning of the dry season, and the lowest in July. The foliar fraction made the largest contribution, with 3,744.26 kg ha-1 yean1, followed by the reproductive material, which reached 846.29 kg ha-1 year-1, branches and bark, with 396.10 kg ha-1 year-1, and miscellaneous material, with 52,069 kg ha-1 year-1. The correlations of litterfall production with rainfall and temperature were negative. The litterfall production in the fragment was lower than that obtained in other remaining Atlantic Forest areas, possibly because it is located in a region considered an ecotone between the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes, besides the anthropic effect to which it has been submitted for decades.

RESUMEN La estructura ecológica de un fragmento de bosque está estrechamente relacionada con la dinámica de los flujos biológicos, ya que depende directamente de la descomposición de la hojarasca, que representa el principal mecanismo de disponibilidad y retorno de nutrientes a las plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue cuantificar la producción anual de hojarasca en un fragmento de Bosque Atlántico en el noreste de Brasil. Para obtener datos sobre la producción de hojarasca se utilizaron 10 colectores cónicos con una superficie media de 0,128 m 2 , situados a 1 m de altura. El material se recogía mensualmentg, se secaba a temperatura ambiente durante 48 h y se separaba en fracciones: hojas, corteza, ramas, material de reproducción y miscelánea. Después de la separación las fracciones fueron pesadas y almacenadas. La producción de hojarasca fue ininterrumpida y ascendió a un total de 5.038,72 kg ha -1 .año~ 1 , con la mayor producción en septiembre, al comienzo del período seco, y la menor en julio. La fracción foliar fue la que presentó el mayor aporte en la producción de la hojarasca, con 3.744,26 kg ha -1 año- 1 , seguida del material de reproducción que alcanzó a 846,29 kg ha -1 año -1 , las ramas y las cáscaras con 396,10 kg ha -1 añoy material misceláneo con 52.069 kg ha -1 año -1 . Las correlaciones de la producción de hojarasca con la lluvia y la temperatura resultaron negativas. La producción de hojarasca en el fragmento fue menor que la obtenida en otras zonas del Bosque Atlántico, posiblemente porque se encuentra en una región considerada un ecotono con la Caatinga, además del efecto antrópico al que ha estado sometido durante décadas.

RESUMO Várias espécies lenhosas tropicais são altamente responsivas a fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e dependem da simbiose para nutrição e sucesso no estabelecimento em campo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta de Schinus terebinthifolius, uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica e Caatinga, à inoculação com três espécies de FMA (Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita e Rhizophagus clarus), individualmente ou misturadas, em diferentes níveis de adubação fosfatada (0, 71, 213 e 650 mg kg−1 de P). O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 1 kg, seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições por tratamento, para avaliar as características morfológicas e nutricionais, após 116 dias, incluindo diâmetro do colo, altura, biomassa e teor de P na parte aérea da planta. Nossos resultados evidenciaram que S. terebinthifolius foi altamente dependente de micorrizas e apresentou respostas diferentes dependendo da espécie de FMA. O maior acúmulo de biomassa total ocorreu quando foi utilizada uma mistura das três espécies de FMA, o que indicou sinergismo entre os fungos. De uma forma geral, a maior resposta positiva à inoculação foi observada em nível intermediário de P (213 mg kg−1), e embora a biomassa da parte aérea tenha sido reduzida nas doses intermediárias de P, foi observada uma compensação com um aumento na biomassa radicular. Esses resultados indicam complementaridade em oposição à redundância funcional das espécies de FMA e destacam a importância do uso de inóculo misto na produção de mudas de S. terebinthifolius para programas de revegetação.

ABSTRACT Several tropical woody species are highly responsive to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and depend on their symbiosis for nutrition and successful establishment in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of Schinus terebinthifolius, a native species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, to inoculation with three AMF species (Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita, and Rhizophagus clarus), either individually or mixed, at different levels of phosphorus fertilization (0, 71, 213, and 650 mg kg−1 of P). We conducted the experiment in 1 kg pots, following a completely randomized design with six replicates per treatment, to evaluate morphological and nutritional traits after 116 days, including stem diameter, plant height, plant biomass, and shoot P content. Our results showed that S. terebinthifolius was highly dependent on mycorrhizae and presented different responses depending on the AMF species. The greatest total biomass accumulation occurred when a mixture of the three AMF species was used, which indicated synergism between the fungi. The highest overall positive response to inoculation were observed at an intermediate P level (213 mg kg−1), and although shoot biomass was reduced at the intermediate P doses, an increase in root biomass compensated for this. These results indicate complementarity as opposed to functional redundancy of the AMF species and highlight the importance of using a mixed inoculum in seedling production of S. terebinthifolius for revegetation programs.

Abstract: Changes in the diversity (richness and abundance) and types of diet of the bat community are a response to the impact of habitat fragmentation and disturbance; its evaluation is necessary to understand the local adaptation or extinction of bats due to changes in the structure of the original landscape of the Cloud Forest (CF). The objective of the study was to compare the diversity and diet types of a community of bats in different types of edge with different disturbance condition of the CF. During a seven-month monitoring period, three mist nets per sampling unit (SU) were placed to capture bats at four edge sites with different disturbance conditions of the CF; bats were identified to the species level, their diversity was described and compared between SU based on the effective number of species, and also, bats were classified by type of diet and by their response to the disturbance condition. A total of 561 individuals of 26 bat species were recorded, showing no differences in the effective number of species per MU. The type of frugivorous diet was represented by 38% of the bat species, while 50% of the recorded species had a vulnerable response to the CF edge disturbance condition. The observed diversity of bats is a bioindicator that despite the disturbance conditions of the CF, the species have been adapting to current and changing landscape conditions.

Resumen: Los cambios en la diversidad (riqueza y abundancia) y tipos de dieta de la comunidad de murciélagos son una respuesta ante el impacto de la fragmentación y perturbación del hábitat; su evaluación es necesaria para entender la adaptación o extinción local de los murciélagos debido a los cambios en la estructura del paisaje original del bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM). El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la diversidad y los tipos de dieta de una comunidad de murciélagos en diferentes tipos de borde del BMM. Durante un periodo de siete meses de monitoreo, se colocaron tres redes de niebla por unidad de muestreo (UM) para la captura de murciélagos en cuatro sitios de borde del BMM; los murciélagos fueron identificados a nivel de especie, su diversidad se describió y comparó entre UM con base en el número efectivo de especies, y también, los murciélagos se clasificaron por tipo de dieta y por su respuesta a la condición de perturbación. Se registraron 561 individuos de 26 especies de murciélagos, que no mostraron diferencias en el número efectivo de especies por UM. El tipo de dieta frugívora estuvo representado por el 38% de las especies de murciélagos, mientras que el 50% de las especies registradas tuvieron una respuesta vulnerable ante la condición de perturbación del borde del BMM. La diversidad de murciélagos observada es un bioindicador de que a pesar de la perturbación de los bordes del BMM, las especies se han estado adaptando a las condiciones actuales y cambiantes del paisaje.

Abstract: The primary objective of this research study is to predict the most important variables that affect fertility in a person. The study is conducted by using the automatic learning and data mining platform Weka, the expectation maximization (EM) clustering algorithm, SimpleKMeans, and the classification algorithm J48, which behaves similarly to a Bayesian algorithm. Initially, an existing database is modeled until 105 records and nine variables are reached, eight independent variables (age, illnesses, accidents, surgeries, fever, alcohol, smoker, and sedentary lifestyle) and one dependent variable (fertility). The results revealed the five most influential variables: 1) age, 2) accidents, 3) fever, 4) surgery, and 5) alcohol. The success rate is over 90% when a cross-validation 80% - 20% is applied. It is concluded that the random forest and clustering algorithms employed here allow to clearly determine the most important variables that affect fertility in a person.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es predecir las variables más importantes que afectan la fertilidad en una persona. Se utiliza la plataforma de aprendizaje automático y minería de datos Weka. Se emplean los algoritmos de Clusters EM, SimpleKMeans y J48, que es de comportamiento similar a un algoritmo Bayesiano. Inicialmente se modela una base de datos existente, hasta ajustar 105 registros y 9 variables, 8 de ellas independientes (edad, enfermedades, accidentes, cirugía, fiebre, alcohol, fumador y sedentarismo) y una dependiente (fertilidad). Como resultado se identifican las 5 variables más influyentes en este proceso: 1) edad, 2) accidente, 3) fiebre, 4) cirugía y 5) alcohol. Se logra un porcentaje de éxito superior al 90% cuando se emplea una validación cruzada 80% - 20%. Se concluye que las técnicas de árboles de decisión y clúster empleadas en este estudio permiten establecer de forma clara las variables más importantes en los procesos de fertilidad de una persona.

The ecological consequences of biodiversity loss are usually the reduction of ecosystem functions. These responses, however, differ depending on the type of land-use change and the ecological setting. We investigated the impact of land-use type and ecosystem functions on the ant assemblage of Rashad District, Sudan. We analysed the effects of three different land uses (soy monoculture, pasture and organic production of vegetables) on the ant community by assessing ant composition in 176 different locations. The collection sites were conventional soy monoculture, pastures, organic agriculture, and native vegetation such as Campo, Kubos, and forests. We recorded 264 ant species on the soil surface of the Rashad District, where 342 to 354 species were thought to exist. Pastures and organic agriculture areas have 61% and 56% of the native myrmecofauna, respectively, while conventional soy monoculture areas are home to only 17% of native ant species. Forest areas present a unique community, and soy monoculture areas have the strongest pattern of biotic homogenisation. We also detected that rare species (of low frequency) were the chief promoters of richness in the Rashad District, and the most threatened with local extinction, due to their low density and low occurrence in agrosystems. Overall, we found that agricultural expansion reduces ant diversity, particularly in soybean crops, and can affect ecosystem functions. To mitigate the reduction in the ant assemblage, we recommend the conservation of multiple natural habitats. SIGNIFICANCE: • Agricultural land conversion and climate change play a major role in shaping tropical landscapes, but the direct and indirect links to biodiversity and species community composition remain poorly understood. • Ant richness is correlated with biomass, demonstrating that the effects on ecosystem function are dependent on the particularities of each assessed function (such as resource type), the types of land uses, and the abundance of ants in the region. • Land-use effects on ant diversity were strongly scale dependent. • The highest ant diversity occurred in soy monoculture areas.

Abstract Evaluations of dasometric parameters are important to understand forest dynamics over time. The growth of tree variables was evaluated in natural temperate forests of southern Nuevo León, Mexico. For this purpose, the behavior of different dasometric parameters related to tree dimensions was analyzed. The records of all individuals with normal diameter greater than, or equal to, 7.5 cm, from two evaluations with a five-year interval (2013 and 2018) of permanent forest research plots were used. A dependent means comparison test analysis (t-Student) was performed on the dasometric variables between evaluations. The dasometric variables of the plots showed significant increases (p > 0.05) in the evaluations corresponding to a five-year interval, suggesting a continuous yield, so that, if a silvicultural treatment were applied in the future, their timber productivity would increase.

Resumen Las evaluaciones de los parámetros dasométricos son importantes para conocer la dinámica de los bosques a través del tiempo. Se evaluó el crecimiento de las variables arbóreas de bosques naturales de clima templado en el sur de Nuevo León, México. Para ello, se analizó el comportamiento de parámetros dasométricos relacionados con las dimensiones del arbolado. Se realizaron registros de todos los individuos con diámetro normal mayor o igual a 7.5 cm, en parcelas permanentes de investigación forestal; la primera evaluación se hizo en 2013 y la segunda en 2018. A las variables dasométricas se les realizó una prueba de comparación de medias dependientes (t-Student) entre evaluaciones. Las variables dasométricas mostraron incrementos significativos (p > 0.05) en las evaluaciones correspondientes en los dos tiempos de medición, lo que sugiere un rendimiento continuo. Por esto, si en el futuro se aplica un tratamiento silvícola, aumentaría su productividad maderable.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: La producción ganadera es la principal causa de destrucción del hábitat y de la extinción de especies a nivel mundial. Es también un fuerte contribuyente a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. En Latinoamérica, la ganadería es la principal actividad económica de muchas comunidades rurales, por lo que establecer plantaciones de restauración en pastizales podría brindar servicios ecosistémicos con beneficios directos e indirectos sobre la producción de ganado. Los sistemas silvopastoriles alcanzan niveles de producción iguales o superiores a los sistemas convencionales y prolongan la vida útil de las tierras productivas. Este trabajo examina la integración de sistemas silvopastoriles con la restauración con árboles nativos de importancia económica y para la conservación. Nos referimos a estas parcelas como sistemas silvopastoriles enriquecidos (SSPE). Presentamos los resultados de las primeras etapas de establecimiento de estos sistemas que buscan mejorar los medios de vida de los ganaderos y a mantener la conectividad del paisaje, los servicios ecosistémicos y la conservación de especies de la selva tropical. Métodos: En 2016, establecimos SSPE en una parcela piloto en Los Tuxtlas, México, plantando 16 especies de árboles nativos y Leucaena esculenta (DC.) Benth. como árbol forrajero. Paralelamente, se condujeron talleres de alternativas ganaderas en el ejido de Balzapote para incrementar las posibilidades de incidencia social. Resultados clave: La sobrevivencia de los árboles plantados fue en promedio de 40.7%. La parcela demostrativa ha servido para acercar a los agricultores a diferentes alternativas más productivas. Observamos una reducción en los costos de mantenimiento debido a que los productores no dependen de insumos externos. Conclusiones: Como resultado de la implementación del SSPE, la producción ganadera mejoró, lo que resulta en una disminución en el uso de agroquímicos. Los SSPE brindan complejidad al paisaje que dará como resultado sistemas más resilientes frente al cambio climático.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Livestock production is the main cause of habitat destruction and species extinction worldwide. It is also a strong contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. In Latin America, cattle ranching is the main economic activity of many rural communities, so establishing restoration plantations in pastures could provide ecosystem services with direct and indirect benefits for cattle production. Silvopastoral systems reach production levels equal to or higher than conventional systems and prolong the useful life of productive land. This paper examines the integration of silvopastoral systems with restoration with native trees of economic and conservation importance. We refer to these plots as enriched silvopastoral systems (ESPS). We present the results of the first stages of establishment of these systems which seek to improve the livelihoods of ranchers and to maintain landscape connectivity, ecosystem services, and the conservation of tropical forest species. Methods: In 2016, we established ESPS in a pilot plot in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, planting 16 native tree species and Leucaena esculenta (DC.) Benth. as a fodder tree. At the same time, workshops on livestock alternatives were held in the ejido of Balzapote to increase the possibilities of social incidence. Key results: The survival of the planted trees was on average 40.7%. The demonstration plot has served to bring farmers closer to different more productive alternatives. We observe a reduction in maintenance costs because the producers are not dependent on external supplies. Conclusions: As a result of the implementation of the ESPS, livestock production improved, resulting in a decrease in the use of agrochemicals. ESPS will bring complexity to the landscape resulting in more resilient systems in the face of climate change.

Resumo O presente artigo procura usar a regressão logística e técnicas de SIG, como forma de compreender a influência da política florestal na dinâmica da cobertura florestal, na área de estudo. Para isso, escolhemos as seguintes variáveis: Dinâmica da cobertura florestal como a variável dependente; a precipitação, a temperatura, licenças simples, concessão florestal, volume de carvão vegetal explorado, áreas agrícolas, povoações e dinâmica da população como variáveis independentes. Da correlação, as variáveis que demonstraram ter significância no modelo são: licença simples, temperatura e volume do carvão vegetal explorado. Mas, o modelo de regressão logística mostrou que as variáveis licença simples e a temperatura são significativamente importantes para o modelo. Mas, isto não descarta a existência de outras variáveis que possam explicar o fenômeno. Deste modo, o modelo de regressão logística construído, aponta que a preditora licença simples é estatisticamente mais significativa para explicar a variação da cobertura florestal, se comparado com a temperatura. Licença simples, é uma das modalidades que a política florestal em Moçambique adotou para licenciamento florestal. E muitos dos operadores preferem este tipo de licença florestal. A temperatura influencia de forma inversa a dinâmica da cobertura florestal, provocando nas plantas o stress hídrico. Enquanto que a variável volume de carvão explorado a sua influência é significativamente menor.

Abstract This article seeks to use logistic regression and GIS techniques as a way to understand the influence of forest policy on the dynamics of forest cover in the study area. For this, we chose the following variables: Dynamics of forest cover as the dependent variable; precipitation, temperature, simple license, forest concession, volume of charcoal exploited, agricultural areas, villages, and population dynamics as independent variables. From the correlation, the variables that showed significance in the model are simple license, temperature, and volume of charcoal exploited. But the logistic regression model showed that the simple license and temperature variants are significantly important for the model. This does not rule out the existence of other variables that may explain the phenomenon. Thus, the constructed logistic regression model points out that the simple license predictor is statistically more significant in explaining the variation in forest cover compared with temperature. Simple licensing is one of the modalities that forestry policy in Mozambique has adopted for forest licensing. And many of the operators prefer this type of license. Temperature inversely influences the dynamics of forest cover, causing water stress in plants. While the variable volume of coal explored, its influence is significantly smaller.