A transição para sistemas alimentares sustentáveis tem ocupado lugar central na agenda de organizações, governos e empresas. Embora o tema comporte em si mesmo um horizonte de futuro, as discussões frequentemente limitam-se a diagnósticos sobre a trajetória histórica das transformações na agricultura. De outro modo, em diálogo com a literatura sociológica sobre como os futuros imaginados moldam as mudanças sociais, este artigo analisa as expectativas ficcionais que orientam as estratégias de transição construídas por organizações da agricultura familiar no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi conduzido entre maio e dezembro de 2023 por meio da articulação de análise prospectiva e técnicas de pesquisa-ação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, surveys e grupos focais que envolveram representantes de 21 organizações. A partir da identificação dos fatores críticos para a transição, o artigo discute duas questões insuficientemente tratadas pela literatura: as mudanças nas expectativas quando os atores sociais são expostos ao imperativo da crítica pública e a força dos mecanismos institucionais de dependência de trajetória (ou seja, do passado) sobre os futuros imaginados.

The transition to sustainable food systems has been a central topic on the agenda of organizations, governments, and companies. Although the topic itself encompasses a horizon of future, discussions are often limited to diagnoses of the historical trajectory of transformations in agriculture. In contrast, engaging a dialogue with the sociological literature on how imagined futures shape social changes, this article analyzes the fictional expectations that guide the transition strategies constructed by family farming organizations on the Litoral Norte of Rio Grande do Sul. The study was conducted between May and December 2023 through the articulation of prospective analysis and action research techniques. Data were collected through interviews, surveys, and focus groups involving representatives of 21 organizations. Based on the identification of critical factors for the transition, the article discusses two issues insufficiently addressed in the literature: changes in expectations when social actors are exposed to the imperative of public criticism and the strength of institutional mechanisms of path dependence (i.e., of the past) on imagined futures.

Abstract This work of reflection around the articulation of regional foresight studies and the 2030 Agenda, promoted by the United Nations Organization, through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). It is based on a foresight experience developed in the Department of Guaymallén, Province of Mendoza, Argentina, proposed as a base study for the design of the municipal land use plan provided for in Law 8.051/2009. The article shows the general context for the design of planning instruments at the local level. Next, it presents the territorial dynamics considered most critical for the future to subsequently compare the desired scenario with the 17 SDGs. The research work included a bibliographic review of the main articulation proposals between regional foresight and the 2030 Agenda. Among the findings, the need to deepen the territorialization of the 2030 Agenda at the local government level stands out, and to anchor the planning processes for development, with a foresight vision of each SDG. Working on these concerns will allow the robustness of the foresight and its appropriation by the social actors of the territory.

Resumen Reflexionamos en torno a la articulación de los estudios de prospectiva territorial y la Agenda 2030, promovida por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas, a través de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Se sustenta en una experiencia de prospectiva desarrollada en el Departamento de Guaymallén, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, planteado como un estudio de base para el diseño del plan municipal de ordenamiento territorial previsto en la Ley 8.051/2009. El artículo muestra el contexto general para el diseño de los instrumentos de planificación a escala local. Seguidamente, presenta las dinámicas territoriales consideradas más críticas a futuro para, posteriormente, confrontar el escenario deseado con los 17 ODS. El trabajo de investigación incluyó una revisión bibliográfica de las principales propuestas de articulación entre prospectiva territorial y la Agenda 2030. Entre los hallazgos destaca as necesidad de una profundización de la territorialización de la Agenda 2030 a nivel de gobiernos locales y anclar los procesos de planificación para el desarrollo, con visión prospectiva a cada ODS. Trabajar sobre estas inquietudes permitirá la robustez de la prospectiva y su apropiación por parte de los actores sociales del territorio.

Resumo Reflexionamos sobre a articulação dos estudos de prospectiva territorial e a Agenda 2030, promovida pela Organização das Nações Unidas, através dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS). A proposta surge numa experiência de prospectiva desenvolvida no Departamento de Guaymallén, Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, pensado como um estudo de base para o desenho do plano municipal de ordenamento territorial previsto na Lei 8.051/2009. O artigo mostra o contexto geral para o desenho dos instrumentos de planificação em escala local. Seguidamente, apresenta as dinâmicas territoriais consideradas mais críticas no futuro para, posteriormente, confrontar o cenário desejado com os 17 ODS. O trabalho de investigação incluiu uma revisão bibliográfica das principais propostas de articulação entre prospectiva territorial e a Agenda 2030. Entre os descobrimentos destaca a necessidade de uma aprofundação da territorialidade da Agenda 2030 ao nível de governos locais e de ancorar os processos de planificação para o desenvovimento, com visão prospectiva a cada ODS. Trabalhar sobre essas preocupações permitirá uma robustez da prospectiva e sua apropiação por parte dos atores sociais do território.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the business community was immersed in activities that led to effective confrontation of its impacts. As part of the social responsibility of the ETECSA Sancti Spíritus Territorial Division, a procedure was provided for the identification and tracking of confirmed and suspected cases; as well as their direct and indirect contacts. Objective: Carry out prospective analyzes of the chains of infection of the COVID-19 virus through the application of the MICMAC computer tool, based on suspected or confirmed cases and their direct and indirect contacts. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out during the years 2020 and 2021. The MICMAC structural analysis tool was used to identify and track real and simulated cases in the population of the municipalities of the province of Sancti Spíritus. Results: The people and their interrelationship were identified, an accurate assessment of the chains of contagion was issued, the forecasting, prognosis, monitoring and intervention processes were optimized to stop the spread of the virus and contributed to improve timely decision-making. Conclusions: The use of the tool optimizes and allows for improved decision-making to contain the spread of the virus, with the consequent saving of resources and time.

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la pandemia de la COVID-19, la comunidad empresarial estuvo inmersa en actividades que propiciaron un efectivo enfrentamiento a sus impactos. Como parte de la responsabilidad social de la División Territorial ETECSA Sancti Spíritus, se aportó un procedimiento para la identificación y el rastreo de los casos confirmados y sospechosos; así como de sus contactos directos e indirectos. Objetivo: Realizar análisis prospectivos a las cadenas de contagios del virus de la COVID-19 mediante la aplicación de la herramienta informática MICMAC, a partir de casos sospechosos o confirmados y de sus contactos directos e indirectos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado durante los años 2020 y 2021. Se utilizó la herramienta de análisis estructural MICMAC para identificar y rastrear casos reales y simulados en la población de los municipios de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus. Resultados: Se identificaron las personas y su interrelación, se emitió una valoración acertada de las cadenas de contagios, se optimizaron los procesos de previsión, pronóstico, seguimiento e intervención para detener la propagación del virus y se aportaron para mejorar la toma oportuna de decisiones. Conclusiones: El uso de la herramienta optimiza y permite mejorar la toma de decisiones para contener la propagación del virus, con el consiguiente ahorro de recursos y de tiempo.

RESUMEN Fundamento: los métodos de construcción de escenarios son de gran importancia para el logro de cualquier meta ya que permiten a los actores sociales participar en la construcción del futuro deseado al conjeturar las realidades que aún no han sucedido pero que podrían acontecer si se anticipa la acción. Objetivo: elaborar escenarios prospectivos de tipo exploratorio para el fomento de mayores niveles de responsabilidad personal con la salud en Cuba en un horizonte hasta el año 2030. Métodos: estudio de prospectiva estratégica desde enero 2018 a marzo 2020 con la aplicación del método de Sistemas y Matrices de Impactos Cruzados y el software LIPSOR-EPITA- SMIC-Prob-Expert ®. Se seleccionaron 16 expertos que evaluaron las probabilidades de ocurrencia simples y condicionadas de seis hipótesis que representaban futuros posibles. Resultados: se obtuvo un total de 64 escenarios de los cuales diez fueron considerados escenarios tendenciales. Se escogió como escenario apuesta el nombrado “Aceptar los cambios, gestionar los desafíos, integrar el proceso”, que configura una narrativa con el cumplimiento de cinco de las seis hipótesis evaluadas. Conclusiones: la aplicación del método de Sistemas y Matrices de Impactos Cruzados permitió elaborar los posibles escenarios futuros que deben ser desafiados para el fomento de mayores niveles de responsabilidad personal con la salud en Cuba en un horizonte hasta el año 2030. Se propone culminar el ejercicio de prospectiva estratégica valorando los principios de política, estrategias y acciones a incluir en una política o plan de acción estratégico para alcanzar el escenario apuesta.

ABSTRACT Foundation: scenario construction methods are of great importance for the achievement of any goal since they allow social actors to participate in the construction of the desired future by conjecturing the realities that have not yet happened but that could happen if the action is anticipated. Objective: to develop prospective, exploratory scenarios to promote higher levels of personal responsibility with health in Cuba until 2030. Methods: strategic prospective study from January 2018 to March 2020 with the application of the Cross Impact Systems and Matrices method and the LIPSOR-EPITA-SMIC-Prob-Expert ® software. 16 experts were selected who evaluated the simple and conditional probabilities of occurrence of six hypotheses that represented possible futures. Results: a total of 64 scenarios were obtained, of which ten were considered trend scenarios. The chosen scenario was “Accept the changes, manage the challenges, integrate the process”, which form a narrative with the fulfillment of five of the six hypotheses evaluated. Conclusions: the application of the Cross Impact Systems and Matrices method allowed elaborate possible future scenarios that must be challenged to promote higher levels of personal responsibility with health in Cuba on a horizon until the year 2030. It is proposed to complete the exercise of strategic foresight, assessing the policy principles, strategies and actions to be included in a policy or strategic action plan to achieve the target scenario.

Resumen Este artículo examina la necesidad crítica de integrar la planificación prospectiva en los procesos de desarrollo territorial para lograr justicia espacial y futuros urbanos sostenibles. Destaca las limitaciones de un enfoque reactivo en la gobernanza urbana, especialmente prevalente en América Latina, donde instituciones débiles y sistemas políticos inestables a menudo obstaculizan las perspectivas a largo plazo. La investigación enfatiza la importancia de la previsión estratégica como una herramienta complementaria a las prácticas de planificación tradicionales. La previsión territorial facilita la exploración de escenarios futuros complejos, fomentando el aprendizaje colaborativo y una visión compartida entre los interesados. El estudio propone un cambio hacia un enfoque proactivo impulsado por la previsión que puede ayudar a romper el ciclo vicioso de abordar solo crisis inmediatas. Al adoptar estudios prospectivos, urbanistas y responsables de políticas pueden obtener perspectivas sobre trayectorias futuras potenciales, lo que les permite anticipar desafíos, adaptar estrategias y tomar decisiones informadas alineadas con objetivos a largo plazo. Esta investigación se basa en el análisis del discurso para examinar el trabajo de instituciones y académicos latinoamericanos comprometidos con estudios de previsión. Finalmente, el artículo aboga por un cambio de paradigma en la gobernanza urbana, dando prioridad a una visión estratégica a largo plazo. Esto es esencial para superar la fragmentación de la planificación urbana, abordar las desigualdades sistémicas y sentar las bases para territorios urbanos más justos, resilientes y sostenibles.

Abstract This paper examines the critical need to integrate prospective planning into territorial development processes for achieving spatial justice and sustainable urban futures. It highlights the limitations of a reactive approach to urban governance, particularly prevalent in Latin America, where weak institutions and unstable political systems often hinder long-term perspectives. The research emphasizes the importance of strategic foresight as a complementary tool to traditional planning practices. Territorial foresight facilitates the exploration of complex future scenarios, fostering collaborative learning and a shared vision among stakeholders. The study proposes a shift towards a proactive, foresight-driven approach that can help break the vicious cycle of addressing only immediate crises. By embracing prospective studies, urban planners and policymakers can gain insights into potential future trajectories, enabling them to anticipate challenges, adapt strategies, and make informed decisions aligned with long-term goals. This paper draws on discourse analysis to examine the work of Latin American institutions and scholars engaged in foresight studies. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a paradigm shift in urban governance, prioritizing long-term strategic vision. This is essential for overcoming the fragmentation of urban planning, addressing systemic inequalities, and laying the groundwork for more just, resilient, and sustainable urban territories.

Resumo Este artigo examina a necessidade crítica de integrar o planejamento prospectivo nos processos de desenvolvimento territorial para alcançar justiça espacial e futuros urbanos sustentáveis. Ele destaca as limitações de uma abordagem reativa à governança urbana, particularmente prevalente na América Latina, onde instituições fracas e sistemas políticos instáveis muitas vezes impedem perspectivas de longo prazo. A pesquisa enfatiza a importância da previsão estratégica como uma ferramenta complementar às práticas tradicionais de planejamento. A prospectiva territorial facilita a exploração de cenários futuros complexos, promovendo o aprendizado colaborativo e uma visão compartilhada entre as partes interessadas. O estudo propõe uma mudança em direção a uma abordagem proativa, orientada pela prospectiva, que possa ajudar a quebrar o ciclo vicioso de abordar apenas crises imediatas. Ao adotar estudos prospectivos, planejadores urbanos e formuladores de políticas podem obter insights sobre possíveis trajetórias futuras, permitindo-lhes antecipar desafios, adaptar estratégias e tomar decisões informadas alinhadas com objetivos de longo prazo. Este artigo baseia-se na análise do discurso para examinar o trabalho de instituições e acadêmicos latino-americanos engajados em estudos de prospectiva. Em última análise, o artigo defende uma mudança de paradigma na governança urbana, priorizando a visão estratégica de longo prazo. Isso é essencial para superar a fragmentação do planejamento urbano, abordar as desigualdades sistêmicas e estabelecer as bases para territórios urbanos mais justos, resilientes e sustentáveis.

Resumen Desde los inicios de la ocupación española en el Perú en el siglo XVI y tras el proceso de transculturización, una gran variedad de muros, arcos y bóvedas se construyeron con tamaños similares a los ejecutados en la península Ibérica. Al inicio, estas obras fueron hechas con ladrillo, piedra y adobe; sin embargo, con los frecuentes sismos y terremotos que hicieron colapsar gran parte de estas edificaciones, se evidenció la falta de previsión constructiva de los alarifes españoles. Por tanto, se tuvo que recurrir a la quincha, material hecho de entramados de madera rolliza, caña, y cubierta de barro que fuera utilizado en la construcción de viviendas y centros administrativos prehispánicos. La presente investigación muestra los resultados de un trabajo de campo, descriptivo, de revisión bibliográfica completa que tuvo como objetivo demostrar el origen y evolución de las bóvedas de quincha en el Perú; la capacidad sismorresistente del material, así como la eficacia estructural que tuvo en la construcción de las bóvedas y cúpulas de las principales iglesias de Trujillo. Los resultados permiten una mayor comprensión de la arquitectura virreinal y evidencian su utilidad ancestral ante el contexto moderno, así como su estética cautivadora que permite la identificación del trujillano con su patrimonio cultural.

Abstract Since the beginning of the Spanish occupation in Peru in the sixteenth century and after the process of transculturation, a great variety of walls, arches and vaults were built with sizes similar to those executed in the Iberian Peninsula. At the beginning, these works were made with brick, stone and adobe; however, with the frequent earthquakes that made collapse much of these buildings, the lack of constructive foresight of the Spanish alarifes was evident. Therefore, they had to resort to the quincha, material made of wooden grids, cane, and mud cover that was used in the construction of pre-Hispanic housing and administrative centers. The present research shows the results of a field work, descriptive, complete bibliographic review that aimed to demonstrate the origin and evolution of quincha vaults in Peru; the seismic resistance of the material, as well as the structural effectiveness it had in the construction of the vaults and domes of the main churches of Trujillo. The results allow a greater understanding of the viceroyalty architecture and evidence its ancestral usefulness in the modern context, as well as its captivating aesthetic that allows the identification of the trujillano with its cultural heritage.

Resumo Desde o início da ocupação espanhola no Peru no século XVI e após o processo de transculturação, uma grande variedade de muros, arcos e abóbadas foram construídas com tamanhos similares aos executados na península Ibérica. No início, estas obras foram feitas com tijolo, pedra e adobe; no entanto, com os frequentes sismos e terremotos que fizeram colapsar grande parte destas edificações, evidenciou-se a falta de previsão construtiva dos alarifes espanhóis. Portanto, teve que se recorrer à quincha, material feito de treliça de madeira roliça, cana, e coberta de barro que foi utilizado na construção de casas e centros administrativos pré-hispânicos. A presente investigação mostra os resultados de um trabalho de campo, descritivo, de revisão bibliográfica completa que teve como objetivo demonstrar a origem e evolução das abóbadas de quincha no Peru; a capacidade sismorresistente do material, bem como a eficácia estrutural que teve na construção das abóbadas e cúpulas das principais igrejas de Trujillo. Os resultados permitem uma maior compreensão da arquitetura do vice-reinado e evidenciam sua utilidade ancestral diante do contexto moderno, bem como sua estética cativante que permite a identificação do cidadão com seu patrimônio cultural.

BACKGROUND: Foresight can be used to define futuristic orientated research and development (R) that is required to position the road transport sector for a challenging future OBJECTIVES: To develop a set of futuristic R projects that could be added to a balanced SANRAL R portfolio to position SANRAL and the transport sector for the future on a 15-year horizon METHOD: Inputs into and ranking of the drivers, trends and technologies that will impact the transport sector were obtained from interviews with eminent thinkers, participants in workshops and a survey leading to five potential future scenarios. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis yielded several key solutions (KSs) and key interventions (KIs) to position the sector. This was complemented with the novel use of technology trees to analyse the linkages between new and existing knowledge and to identify gaps in knowledge and subsequently the identification of key R opportunities RESULTS: Through backcasting from the desired future scenario as well as using 412 stakeholder inputs, 12 KSs and 61 KIs were defined and ranked. The top 30, most futuristic KIs were analysed using 18 hierarchical technology trees to define R opportunities CONCLUSION: The analysis emphasised the importance of new technologies such as data science, machine learning, smart transport and advanced materials to position the sector CONTRIBUTION: The use of a novel, structured technology foresight approach that utilises scenario development combined with hierarchical technology trees was demonstrated. To position the road transport sector for a challenging future, 12 new thematic KSs and 61 KIs were developed

Abstract The onus of re-constructing a diverse socio-spatial and economically-prepared urban framework in the design of greenfield cities rests on the foresight of a Master Plan document. The conceptualisations in the making of a ‘brand-new city’ are challenged with its subsequent realisation. Often, urbanisation doesn’t tread its planned course, and contentious dualities of planned vs unplanned persists. In Navi Mumbai, five decades later, small-scale slum-settlements emerge as landscapes of dispossession and inevitable gentrification creating urban ruptures within the city morphology. Navi Mumbai was an expression of India’s euphoria as a newly independent nation, exemplified by pragmatic city planning. However, five decades later, the emergence of planning disruptions continues to indicate inadequacies. The paper examines the spatial logics of habitation under changing economic conditions and built-in spatial inequalities. It initiates a discourse on the type of environments planned cities foster towards residents from lower economic and social backgrounds. The key research questions addressed are: How do master plans further socio-economic segregations? What was the impact of neoliberal changes on affordable housing? Points of critique: Navi Mumbai’s reliance on ‘Euro-American’ visions and Fordist planning present several delinkages with adjacent industrial districts, indigenous farming settlements and sensitive ecological edges. The analysis conferred that affordable housing schemes became an unequal instrument of social cohesion, in light of built-in inequities. The Development Plan of Navi Mumbai excluded its original inhabitations- agricultural and fishing villages, a characteristic adopted by several development plans in contemporary Indian cities. Close examination of mechanisms of ‘incrementality’, as a hall-mark of affordable housing projects, suggests disconnections between designer’s vision and dweller’s aspirations.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados iniciais do desenvolvimento de um índice para avaliar as competências gerenciais dos diretores das áreas de defesa da Defensoria Pública da Costa Rica para 2023. Ele se concentra em liderança, trabalho em equipe, comunicação, previsão e solução de problemas usando uma escala Likert. Cada variável é dividida em dimensões e indicadores. Enfatizando a clareza e a coerência das perguntas, o objetivo é ser uma ferramenta abrangente para uma avaliação objetiva e rigorosa. Com base na revisão da literatura e em consultas a especialistas, a fase subsequente envolve um teste piloto para verificar sua confiabilidade usando testes estatísticos, como o coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, e vários tipos de validade.

Résumé Cet article présente les premiers résultats de l’élaboration d’un indice permettant d’évaluer les compétences managériales des directeurs des zones de défense du Bureau du médiateur au Costa Rica pour 2023. Il se concentre sur le leadership, le travail d’équipe, la communication, la prévoyance et la résolution de problèmes à l’aide d’une échelle de Likert. Chaque variable est décomposée en dimensions et en indicateurs. Mettant l’accent sur la clarté et la cohérence des questions, il se veut un outil complet pour une évaluation objective et rigoureuse. Sur la base d’une analyse documentaire et de consultations d’experts, la phase suivante comprend un essai pilote visant à vérifier sa fiabilité à l’aide de tests statistiques tels que le coefficient Alpha de Cronbach et divers types de validité.

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados iniciales de la elaboración de un índice para evaluar las competencias gerenciales de directores en áreas de defensa de la Defensoría de los Habitantes de Costa Rica en 2023. Se centra en liderazgo, trabajo en equipo, comunicación, previsión y resolución de problemas con una escala Likert. Cada variable se desglosa en dimensiones e indicadores. Con énfasis en la claridad y coherencia de las preguntas, busca ser una herramienta integral para una evaluación objetiva y rigurosa. Basado en revisión bibliográfica y consultas con expertos, la siguiente etapa implica una prueba piloto para verificar su fiabilidad con pruebas estadísticas como el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach y diferentes tipos de validez.

Abstract This article presents the initial outcomes of developing an index to assess managerial competencies of directors within the defense areas of the Office of the Ombudsman in Costa Rica for 2023. It focuses on leadership, teamwork, communication, foresight, and problem-solving using a Likert scale. Each variable is broken down into dimensions and indicators. Emphasizing question clarity and coherence, it aims to be a comprehensive tool for an objective and rigorous assessment. Based on literature review and expert consultations, the subsequent phase involves a pilot test to verify its reliability using statistical tests such as Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and various types of validity.

Resumo Este texto considera o território como um espaço em permanente transformação, originada pela ação dos diferentes atores e pelas interações que mantém entre si e com outros, num sistema aberto, e assume a metodologia prospetiva como uma abordagem útil para compreender o jogo de atores de um determinado sistema, capaz de contribuir para a construção coletiva de uma visão de futuro. Apresenta-se e discute-se um “estudo de caso”, onde o uso da prospetiva estratégica se evidencia enquanto metodologia útil à tomada de decisão de atores municipais, no quadro da sua cooperação, evidenciando as componentes e os fatores condicionadores dessas relações em diferentes tempos de ação. Em termos metodológicos, apresenta-se a análise estratégica de atores, operacionalizada através do método MACTOR (Método Actores, Objetivos; Relações de força), identificando-se, assim, os jogos e as relações de força entre os atores no âmbito do sistema de relações municipais do território em análise. Os resultados evidenciam os fatores-chave do sistema de cooperação do Alto Alentejo, que os atores podem considerar para responder aos desafios colocados pelos novos modelos de políticas públicas, nomeadamente a necessidade de empreender ações multinível, multisetorial e multiescalar para a mudança desejada, salientando-se o papel das autoridades centralizadas de cooperação, nomeadamente, Comunidade Intermunicipal do Alto Alentejo ou Entidade Regional de Turismo do Alentejo, neste contexto.

Abstract This text considers the territory as a space in constant transformation, driven by the actions of different actors and the interactions they maintain among themselves and with others within an open system. It assumes prospective methodology as a useful approach to understand the game of actors within a specific system, capable of contributing to the collective construction of a vision for the future. The main goal is to present and discuss a ‘case study’ that highlights the use of strategic foresight as a useful methodology for decision-making by municipal actors within the framework of their cooperation. It emphasizes the components and conditioning factors of these relationships at different times of action. Methodologically, it presents the strategic analysis of actors, operationalized through the MACTOR method (Method Actors, Objectives; Relations of Strength), thus identifying the games and power relationships among actors within the municipal relations system of the analyzed territory. The results highlight the key factors of the Alto Alentejo cooperation system, which actors can consider in adressing the challenges posed by new public policy models, particularly the need to undertake multilevel, multisectoral and multiscale actions for the desired change, emphasizing the role of centralized cooperation authorities, namely, the Alto Alentejo Intermunicipal Community or the Alentejo Regional Tourism Entity, in this context.

Resumen: Resumen: La innovación digital es una herramienta estratégica en las organizaciones. La tecnología está revolucionando todos los ámbitos de los negocios, por lo que la prospectiva y la inteligencia artificial pueden presentarse como herramientas clave en los procesos de auditoría. Este artículo, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, entrevistas y análisis, busca determinar aspectos conceptuales relacionados con la auditoría del futuro y cómo esta temática ha sido abordada en las instituciones educativas y empresas en Ecuador. Entre los resultados se destaca que la prospectiva y la inteligencia artificial aplicadas en la auditoría se han convertido en herramientas para lograr niveles más altos de calidad, mejorar los procesos, reducir tiempo y dinero y proporcionar datos confiables para la toma de decisiones e identificación de riesgos. Los resultados también determinaron que algunas de las empresas calificadoras de riesgos en Ecuador no están conformes con el avance tecnológico y tienen un nivel bajo de utilización de herramientas tecnológicas e inteligencia artificial. De igual manera, las carreras de Contabilidad y Auditoría de las instituciones de educación superior no cuentan con avances en innovación ni consideran la enseñanza de la prospectiva o herramientas de inteligencia artificial en sus programas de estudios.

Abstract: Digital innovation is a strategic tool in organizations. Technology is revolutionizing all areas of business, so foresight and artificial intelligence can be presented as key tools in auditing processes. This article, through a literature review, interviews, and analysis, seeks to determine conceptual aspects related to the audit of the future and how this topic has been addressed in educational institutions and companies in Ecuador. Among the results, it is highlighted that foresight and artificial intelligence applied in auditing have become tools to achieve higher levels of quality, improve processes, reduce time and money, and provide reliable data for decision making and risk identification. The results also determined that some of the risk rating companies in Ecuador are not satisfied with technological advances and have a low level of use of technological tools and artificial intelligence. Similarly, accounting and auditing careers in higher education institutions do not have advances in innovation, nor do they consider the teaching of foresight or artificial intelligence tools in their curricula.

Abstract Under international law, the territorial integrity of Ukraine must be ensured in accordance with the collectively agreed 1991 borders. Should the Russian Federation collapse, the Wider West and particularly Europe, should manage a stable sphere of military security on the Continent and a better articulation of North America and beyond it. A Russian defeat in Ukraine creates opportunities as well as risks. Trusting that a defeated Kremlin will abandon its imperial designs could be a mistake. In this article, we have drawn out several prospective scenarios to which we assign different degrees of probability.

Resumo Nos termos do Direito Internacional, a integridade territorial da Ucrânia deve ser assegurada de acordo com as fronteiras internacionalmente acordadas em 1991. Caso a Federação Russa soçobre, o Ocidente Alargado e particularmente a Europa, deverão gizar uma esfera estável de segurança no Continente. Uma derrota russa na Ucrânia gera oportunidades e também desafios. O que exige um reforço da segurança militar existente na Europa e uma mais estável articulação dela com a norte-americana e para lá dela, no Ocidente Alargado. Confiar que um Kremlin ven- cido abandonará os seus intentos imperiais seria um erro. Neste artigo gizamos vários cenários prospetivos aos quais atribuímos diferentes graus de probabilidade.

The commercialisation and everyday use of nanomaterials and nanomaterial-enabled products (NEPs) is rising year-on-year. Responsible development of nanotechnology includes understanding their potential implications on health, safety, and the environment (HSE). The health risk assessment of nanomaterials has therefore become one of the major activities of international agencies Including the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Environmental Protection Agency for protection of human health and the environment. Nationally, with the foresight and the leadership of the Department of Science and Innovation, a HSE programme was Initiated to establish the necessary Infrastructure to conduct the tests In the hazard Identification and exposure assessment that are needed In the risk assessment of nanomaterials synthesised as well as NEPs available in South Africa. Here we present the advances that have been made In elucidating the different facets that are required when undertaking risk assessments of nanomaterials, i.e. physlcochemical characterisation, hazard Identification, exposure assessment and effects assessment. These facets are increasingly being considered throughout the nanomaterials present In the life cycles of NEPs. South Africa's research contribution to an International understanding of HSE risks of nanomaterials is highlighted and the future direction to generate the necessary Information for effective risk communication and management Is provided. This will assist In ensuring safer Innovation of nanotechnology in South Africa and support the export of locally manufactured nanomaterials as per International requirements. SIGNIFICANCE: Significant contributions of South Africa to the nanomaterial HSE knowledge base are highlighted. Development of standardised testing methodologies in nanomaterial HSE and protection of human and ecological health through risk assessment of nanomaterials are discussed. This paper contributes to ensuring safer innovation of nanotechnology in South Africa.

RESUMEN: Introducción: Los podcasts han ganado mucho espacio en la comunicación y transmisión de información en diversas áreas y pueden contribuir a la implementación de la educación para la salud para el autocuidado de las personas con ostomía, ya que permite orientar, aclarar dudas y traer perspectivas para el futuro de la calidad de vida. Así, este estudio buscó analizar en la literatura y en las plataformas digitales de audio las características de los podcasts educativos sobre ostomía intestinal. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión de escopo, realizada de junio a septiembre de 2022, desarrollada según la referencia teórica del Instituto Joanna Briggs - JBI. Realiza la búsqueda de artículos y literatura cinzenta en las bases de datos a través de la Comunidad Académica Federada (CAFe). La etapa de prospección tecnológica se produjo a través de la búsqueda en las plataformas Spotify y Deezer. Los datos se transcribieron y organizaron en la hoja de cálculo Excel de Microsoft® Office para su análisis. Resultados: La búsqueda encontró un estudio sobre el tema con producción de 4 episodios en formato de entrevista y en lengua portuguesa. En la búsqueda tecnológica se encontraron 14 podcasts, 119 episodios con prevalencia en Spotify, en idioma inglés, guiones del tipo "entrevista" y compuestos por presentador e invitados. Conclusión: El estudio permitió analizar las características de los podcasts sobre los estomas intestinales y afirmó su importancia como herramientas alternativas para la educación sanitaria. Destacamos la importancia del carácter social e informativo de los podcasts sobre estomas para la práctica educativa en salud, así como una herramienta que busca reducir los prejuicios hacia la persona con estomas.

RESUMO: Introdução: Os podcasts têm ganhado bastante espaço na comunicação e na transmissão de informação nas mais variadas áreas e podem contribuir para a implementação da educação em saúde para o autocuidado de pessoas com estomia, uma vez possibilita orientar, esclarecer dúvidas e trazer perspectivas para qualidade de vida futura. Dessa forma, esse estudo buscou analisar na literatura e nas plataformas digitais de áudios as características dos podcasts educativos sobre estomias intestinais. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, realizada de junho a setembro de 2022, desenvolvida segundo referencial teórico do Joanna Briggs Institute - JBI. Realizou-se busca de artigos e literatura cinzenta nas bases de dados via Comunidade Acadêmica Federada (CAFe). A etapa de prospecção tecnológica ocorreu através da busca nas plataformas Spotify e Deezer. Os dados foram transcritos e organizados em planilha no Microsoft® Office Excel para análise. Resultados: A busca permitiu encontrar um estudo sobre a temática com produção de 4 episódios no formato entrevista e no idioma português. Já na busca tecnológica foram encontrados 14 podcasts, 119 episódios com prevalência no Spotify, no idioma inglês, roteiros do tipo "entrevista" e compostos por apresentador e convidados. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu analisar as características dos podcasts sobre estomias intestinais e afirmou a importância deles como ferramentas alternativas para educação em saúde. Ressalta-se a importância de caráter social e informacional dos podcasts sobre estomias para a prática educativa em saúde, assim como uma ferramenta que busca reduzir o preconceito frente a pessoa com estomias.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Podcasts have gained a lot of space in the communication and transmission of information in various areas and can contribute to the implementation of health education for the self-care of people with ostomy, since it allows guidance, clarifying doubts and bringing prospects for future quality of life. Thus, this study sought to analyze in the literature and in the digital audio platforms the characteristics of educational podcasts about intestinal ostomy. Methodology: this is a scoping review, conducted from June to September 2022, developed according to the theoretical framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute - JBI. A search for articles and gray literature was carried out in databases via the Federated Academic Community (CAFe). The technological prospection stage occurred through a search on the Spotify and Deezer platforms. The data were transcribed and organized in a Microsoft® Office Excel spreadsheet for analysis. Results: The search found one study on the theme with the production of 4 episodes in the interview format and in Portuguese. In the technological search, 14 podcasts were found, 119 episodes with prevalence in Spotify, in English language, scripts of the "interview" type and composed of host and guests. Conclusion: the study allowed us to analyze the characteristics of the podcasts about intestinal stomas and affirmed their importance as alternative tools for health education. We highlight the importance of the social and informational character of the podcasts about ostomy for the health education practice, as well as a tool that seeks to reduce prejudice against the person with ostomy.

BACKGROUND: In view of limited funding, research and development (R) investment needs to be optimised for future impact. Road transport R is complex and vary from road materials, design and traffic control to safety OBJECTIVES: Future drivers, trends and technologies in the South African road transport sector were determined and rated. Causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were used to determine how they will influence the sector and potential future R focus areas METHOD: Literature reviews, stakeholder interviews and workshops assessed the prevailing state of the sector and identified and rated the drivers, trends and technologies that will impact it. A novel method for structured technology foresight using CLDs was used to analyse the interrelationship between these elements and to determine the gaps in knowledge and the technologies required to position the sector for the future RESULTS: Eighteen mega-drivers, 28 industry drivers, 53 trends and 79 key technologies were identified and rated by 98 workshop participants. The CLD analysis provided insight into the characteristics of the transport system and enhanced the understanding of the complexity of the system. Research focus areas were identified to position the transport sector for the future CONCLUSION: Causal loop diagrams were used effectively to demonstrate the interrelationships between and influence of drivers, trends and technologies on the transport sector and to identify gaps in knowledge CONTRIBUTION: The current and future drivers, trends and technologies in the transport sector were identified and CLDs used to assess the relationships between them which led to the identification of new focus areas for R