The acetalization or transacetalization reactions produce acetals or ketals used in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and fuel additives. Besides synthesizing several products, the acetalization or transacetalization reactions can protect carbonyl groups, 1,2 and 1,3-diols in multi-step synthesis. This work studies the transacetalization of glycerol with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (2,2-DMP) to yield 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal) by catalyzing with USY, HBeta, and HZSM-5 zeolites under cleaner and mild reaction conditions (reaction temperature: 25 °C; 2,2-DMP/glycerol molar ratio: 1; reaction time: 1 h; and catalyst concentration: 0.05-5 wt.%). For catalyst concentration equal to or greater than 2,5 wt.%, glycerol conversion stabilized near 96-97% for the three zeolites tested. The product selectivities also assume a constant value, close to 97% for solketal. For the lowest concentration of catalyst, the influence of the zeolite properties on the glycerol conversion, such as acidity and the strong/weak acid site ratio, was observed. Concerning the selectivity of the products, the results suggested that it can be based on zeolite topology, active sites at the particle surface, and the relative amount of micro and mesoporous HBeta, the most selective catalyst for acetals production, was reused at least once without loss of activity and selectivity. cosmetics food pharmaceuticals additives products groups 12 2 1, 1,3diols 13diols diols 1,3 3 multistep multi step synthesis 2,2dimethoxypropane 22dimethoxypropane dimethoxypropane 2,2 2,2DMP 22DMP DMP (2,2-DMP 2,2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl1,3dioxolane 22dimethyl4hydroxymethyl13dioxolane dimethylhydroxymethyldioxolane dimethyl 4 hydroxymethyl dioxolane solketal (solketal USY HBeta HZSM5 HZSM 5 HZSM- temperature °C C 2,2DMP/glycerol 22DMPglycerol DMPglycerol DMP/glycerol ratio time h 0.055 0055 0.05 0 05 0.05- wt.%. wt wt.% . wt.%) 2, 9697% 9697 96 97 96-97 tested value strongweak strong weak observed topology surface production 3diols 13 2dimethoxypropane 22 2DMP 2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl1 3dioxolane 055 005 0.0 wt. 969 9 96-9 dimethylhydroxymethyl 2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl 00 0. 96-

Food contamination is a public health problem, and the search for natural additives to increase food stability and safety is challenging. This research aimed to study nanoemulsions produced with coriander essential oil and kefiran, an exopolysaccharide extracted from kefir grains. The composition of coriander essential oil was evaluated, revealing linalool as the main component. An experimental design consisting of six trials was conducted. The NE2 formulation (0.5% kefiran and 1.5% coriander essential oil) exhibited smaller particle size, monodispersity, a lower centrifugal stability coefficient, and higher absolute zeta potential values (> 30 mV), indicating high electrical stability. Morphology, thermal stability, and toxicity tests were performed. The minimum bactericidal concentration was determined and applied to commercial cheese. Thermal stability tests demonstrated an increase in the stability of NE2 compared to its individual components, and it was also proven to be non-toxic. The concentration of 25% m v-1 was identified as the minimum bactericidal concentration and was applied to commercial cheese. problem challenging grains evaluated component conducted NE 0.5% 05 0 5 (0.5 15 1 1.5 size monodispersity coefficient > ( 3 mV, mV , mV) Morphology performed cheese components nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic 25 v1 v v- 0.5 (0. 1. 2 0. (0

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are versatile organisms that catalyze the conversion of a wide range of carbon sources into biomolecules of great industrial interest. In this study, we exploited the ability of Gluconobacter spp. to synthesize levans. Among the isolated strains, Gluconobacter cerinus UELBM11 produced approximately 14.0 g L−1 of levan under non-optimized conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that levan obtained from G. cerinus UELBM11 consisted of a β-(2→6)-D-fructose backbone with some β-(2→1) ramifications. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the purified levan was 8.78 × 105 Da. Thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis indicated high thermal stability, with the maximum decomposition rate observed at 227.44 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a microporous morphology, and the antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that levan had a high scavenging capacity of 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, it has been demonstrated the levan produced by G. cerinus UELBM11 is a promising natural antioxidant and, owing to its microporosity and excellent thermal properties and stability, is a potential candidate as an additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products. AAB (AAB interest study spp levans strains UELBM UELBM1 140 14 0 14. L1 L 1 L− nonoptimized non optimized conditions chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS, GCMS GC MS , (GC-MS) FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) NMR (NMR G β2→6Dfructose β26Dfructose βDfructose β 2→6 D fructose 2 6 β2→1 β21 2→1 β-(2→1 ramifications Mw (Mw 878 8 78 8.7 10 Da Thermogravimetricdifferential Thermogravimetric differential TGA/DTG TGADTG TGA DTG (TGA/DTG stability 22744 227 44 227.4 C °C SEM (SEM morphology 2,2azinobis 22azinobis azinobis 2,2 azino bis 3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulfonic ethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic 3 ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic ABTS (ABTS radicals Therefore cosmetics pharmaceuticals products (GC-MS (FTIR β2 6Dfructose Dfructose 26 2→ β2→ 21 β-(2→ 87 7 8. 2274 22 4 227. 2azinobis 2, β-(2 β-( β-

The history of the discovery, use, and development of dyes is closely linked to the history of humanity itself. Among the first records of human civilization are cave paintings made from, e.g., fruits, plants, minerals, and insects. Over the centuries, using different techniques, colors have been given to all types of materials and products, from clothing to food. The chemicals responsible for colors are dyes - a vast collection of molecules of the most varied compositions, but which have in common the absorption of light within the visible window of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article aims not only to review the properties of some classes of natural dyes, their origins, and their applications but also to describe the various computational chemistry methods involved in designing new bio-inspired molecules. discovery use itself eg e g e.g. fruits plants minerals insects centuries techniques products food compositions spectrum origins bioinspired bio inspired e.g

RESUMO A aplicação de esgoto sanitário utilizando o gotejamento subsuperficial contribui para mitigar os problemas atuais de disponibilidade de água e produção de alimento. Objetivou-se avaliar o feijão-caupi recebendo esgoto sanitário por gotejadores operando com diferentes vazões e profundidades. Os gotejadores operaram com as vazões de 1,6 e 3,8 L h-1 e foram instalados nas profundidades de 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30 cm. O feijão-caupi foi cultivado em vasos de 65 L preenchidos com solo argiloso em casa de vegetação. Utilizou-se esgoto sanitário sintético e a quantidade aplicada nos vasos foi baseada no elemento limitante, que no caso foi o nitrogênio, para o cultivo do feijão-caupi. O manejo da irrigação foi realizado com sondas de TDR. Avaliou-se a germinação e as respostas fisiológicas e morfologia das raízes do feijão-caupi. A ascensão capilar, quando a água foi aplicada em profundidade, não foi suficiente para umedecer de maneira uniforme a superfície do solo. As variáveis de germinação apresentaram um decréscimo em função do aumento das profundidades de instalação dos gotejadores. A distribuição da água com o aumento da profundidade dos emissores foi responsável pelos prejuízos nas respostas fisiológicas e morfológicas das raízes feijão-caupi. As vazões dos gotejadores não afetaram a germinação do feijão-caupi. Utilizar o sistema de irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial não foi apropriado para o feijão-caupi nas condições deste estudo. alimento Objetivouse Objetivou se feijãocaupi feijão caupi 16 1 6 1, 38 3 8 3, h1 h h- 0 5 10 15 20 2 cm vegetação Utilizouse Utilizou limitante nitrogênio feijãocaupi. caupi. TDR Avaliouse Avaliou capilar estudo

ABSTRACT The application of sanitary sewage using subsurface drip irrigation contributes to mitigating the current problems of water availability and food production. The aim in this study was to evaluate cowpea receiving sanitary sewage through drippers operating at different flow rates and depths. The drippers operated at flow rates of 1.6 and 3.8 L h-1 and were installed at depths of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. Cowpea was grown in 65 L pots filled with sandy clay soil in a greenhouse. Synthetic sanitary sewage was used and the amount applied to the pots was based on the limiting element, which in this case was nitrogen, for growing cowpea. Irrigation was managed using TDR probes. Germination and the physiological responses and morphology of cowpea roots were assessed. Capillary rise, when water was applied in subsurface, was not sufficient to evenly moisten the soil surface. The germination variables decreased as a result of the increase in drip installation depths. The distribution of water as the depth of the emitters increased was responsible for the damage to the physiological and morphological responses of cowpea roots. The flow rates of the drippers did not affect the germination of cowpea. Using the subsurface drip irrigation system was not appropriate for growing cowpea under the conditions of this study. production 16 1 6 1. 38 3 8 3. h1 h h- 0 5 10 15 20 25 cm greenhouse element nitrogen probes assessed rise surface 2

RESUMO: O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma fruta rica em nutrientes e com alto teor de ácido glutâmico, tornando-o uma fonte adequada para a produção de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) através da ação de bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL). As BAL desempenham um papel fundamental na fermentação láctica, melhorando o sabor e o valor nutricional dos produtos alimentares, contribuindo frequentemente para os seus benefícios para a saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar BAL produtoras de GABA de tomates e avaliar seu potencial para a produção de suco de tomate fermentado enriquecido com GABA. Os resultados indicam o isolamento de 15 cepas de BAL a partir de amostras de cinco tomates diferentes. Todas essas cepas demonstraram capacidade de produzir GABA, com níveis variando de 1,732 a 3,113 mg/mL, conforme determinado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Através de sequenciamento, a cepa promissora TO42, identificada como Weissella cibaria, foi selecionada para fermentação de suco de tomate. Além disso, o suco de tomate enriquecido com GABA foi fermentado com sucesso a 15 °Brix por 72 h, resultando no maior teor registrado de GABA e ácido láctico de 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL e 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectivamente. RESUMO Solanum L. L glutâmico tornandoo tornando γaminobutírico γ aminobutírico (GABA BAL. . (BAL) láctica alimentares saúde 1 diferentes 1732 732 1,73 3113 3 113 3,11 mgmL mg mL CCD. CCD (CCD) sequenciamento TO42 TO cibaria disso Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectivamente (BAL 173 73 1,7 311 11 3,1 (CCD TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 1, 31 3, 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are nutrient-rich fruits with a high glutamic acid content, making them a suitable source for producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB plays a pivotal role in lactic fermentation, enhancing the taste and nutritional value of food products, often contributing to their health benefits. This study isolated GABA-producing LAB from tomatoes and assessed their potential for producing GABA-enriched fermented tomato juice. The results indicated the isolation of 15 LAB strains from the samples of five different tomatoes. All of these strains demonstrated the capability to produce GABA, with levels ranging from 1.732 to 3.113 mg/mL, as determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Through sequencing, the promising strain TO42, identified as Weissella cibaria, was selected for tomato juice fermentation. Furthermore, GABA-enriched tomato juice was successfully fermented at 15 °Brix for 72 h, resulting in the highest recorded GABA and lactic acid content of 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL and 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectively. ABSTRACT Solanum L. L nutrientrich nutrient rich γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric (GABA LAB. . (LAB) fermentation products benefits GABAproducing GABAenriched enriched 1 1732 732 1.73 3113 3 113 3.11 mgmL mg mL thinlayer thin layer TLC. TLC (TLC) sequencing TO42 TO cibaria Furthermore Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectively (LAB 173 73 1.7 311 11 3.1 (TLC TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 31 3. 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT: China is the biggest muskmelon producing country across the world. Extreme application of fertilizer during planting of muskmelon poses a serious threat to the environment and food safety, so how to promote farmers to use organic fertilizer has become an important topic. This study creatively introduced green awareness into the extended framework of theory of planned behavior to explore the decisive factors of muskmelon farmers’ behavior intention to apply green organic fertilizer. The structural equation model is used for investigating behavior intention of 543 muskmelon farmers in Leting County, China. The results suggested that both subjective norm and green awareness can affect muskmelon farmers’ behavior intention positively and significantly. When the subjective norm increases by 1 standard deviation, the farmers’ intention increases by 1.028 standard deviation; for every 1 standard deviation increase in green awareness, the farmers’ intention increased by 0.703 standard deviation. ABSTRACT world safety topic 54 County significantly 1028 028 1.02 0703 0 703 0.70 5 102 02 1.0 070 70 0.7 10 1. 07 7 0.

RESUMO: A China é o maior país produtor de melão em todo o mundo. A aplicação extrema de fertilizantes durante o plantio de melão representa uma séria ameaça ao meio ambiente e à segurança alimentar, portanto, como promover os agricultores a usar fertilizante orgânico verde tornou-se um tópico importante. Este estudo introduziu criativamente a consciência verde no quadro estendido da teoria do comportamento, planejado para explorar os fatores decisivos da intenção dos agricultores de melão de aplicar fertilizante orgânico verde. O modelo de equações estruturais é usado para investigar a intenção de comportamento de 543 agricultores de melão no Condado de Leting, China. Os resultados sugerem que tanto a norma subjetiva quanto a consciência verde podem afetar positiva e significativamente o comportamento dos produtores de melão. Quando a norma subjetiva aumenta em 1, o desvio padrão, a intenção do agricultor aumenta em 1,028 desvio padrão. Para cada aumento de 1 desvio padrão na consciência verde, a intenção dos agricultores aumentou em 0,703 desvio padrão. RESUMO mundo alimentar portanto tornouse tornou se importante 54 Leting 1028 028 1,02 0703 0 703 0,70 5 102 02 1,0 070 70 0,7 10 07 7 0,

ABSTRACT The development of aquaculture through the cultivation of what are considered unconventional species is an option with the potential to solve the problem of food scarcity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance of juvenile Pomacea haustrum fed different commercial diets, and subjected to different levels of salinity. After seven P. haustrum spawn had hatched in the laboratory, the juveniles were randomly selected and transferred to the rearing containers. Two different commercial diets were offered: rabbit feed with a high proportion of ingredients rich in crude vegetable protein (VP), and dog food containing balanced levels of ingredients rich in crude vegetable and animal protein (MP). The selected juveniles were randomly stocked at different salinities (0, 2 and 4 parts per thousand - ppt). The experiment lasted 65 days. Twenty-one hours after the start of the experiment, 100% of the individuals reared at a salinity of 4 ppt had died. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the results for zootechnical performance (average final weight, weight gain, average final growth, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and apparent feed conversion) for animals reared in fresh water or at a salinity of 2 ppt, regardless of the type of diet. The origin of the protein in the diet had no significant effect on the zootechnical performance of the individuals; however, the salinity of the water impaired development of the animals in direct proportion to its concentration. scarcity P laboratory containers offered VP, VP , (VP) MP. MP . (MP) 0, 0 (0 ppt. ppt) 6 days Twentyone Twenty one 100 died p 0.05 005 05 gain rate conversion however concentration (VP (MP ( 10 0.0 00 1 0.

Brazilian Savanna biodiversity is abundant in native fruits with nutritional and sensory properties with potential technological applications. However, the information available regarding the proprieties of Brazilian native fruits is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic profile of Brosimum gaudichaudii fruits (BGF) using metabolomics approaches, besides its physicochemical and nutritional proprieties. BGF exhibited protein content at least two times higher than other native fruits. Fifty-five metabolites were identified by the metabolomics approaches, mainly fatty acids (n = 22), carbohydrates (n = 13), organic acids (n = 6), and polyphenols (n = 5). The most abundant constituents were D-fructose (42.97%) for sugars, L-asparagine (6.47%) for amino acids, succinic acid (44.11%) for organic acids, and linolenic acid (3.04%) for fatty acids. Highlighted phytochemicals included chlorogenic acid, α-amyrin, and γ-tocopherol. Additionally, this study revealed that BGF is a good source of vitamin C and dietary fiber and an excellent source of vitamin A. Future studies providing nutritional information and suggesting consumption methods and potential industrial applications are essential to familiarize consumers with these foods. Additionally, clarifying the appropriate planting and harvesting seasons can revive traditional practices, especially for native fruits like BGF. However limited (BGF approaches Fiftyfive Fifty five n 22, 22 , 22) 13, 13 13) 6, 6 6) 5. 5 . 5) Dfructose D fructose 42.97% 4297 42 97 (42.97% sugars Lasparagine L asparagine 6.47% 647 47 (6.47% 44.11% 4411 44 11 (44.11% 3.04% 304 3 04 (3.04% αamyrin, αamyrin α amyrin, amyrin α-amyrin γtocopherol. γtocopherol γ tocopherol. tocopherol γ-tocopherol Additionally A foods practices 2 1 42.97 429 4 9 (42.97 6.47 64 (6.47 44.11 441 (44.11 3.04 30 0 (3.04 42.9 (42.9 6.4 (6.4 44.1 (44.1 3.0 (3.0 42. (42. 6. (6. 44. (44. 3. (3. (42 (6 (44 (3 (4 (

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

Caffeine (CAF) and nicotine (NIC) are emerging contaminants and are among the most consumed substances in the world, making it crucial to monitor these contaminants. In this work, an alternative electrolyte, 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) was used for the development of an electroanalytical method for determination and quantification of CAF and NIC, simultaneously, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system with the 2HEAA electrolyte was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the DPV parameters were optimized for the best conditions. The method was validated from a calibration curve obtained which showed limit of detection (LOD) of 0.82 and 6.26 μmol L 1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.73 and 20.8 μmol L-1 for CAF and NIC, respectively. In the precision analyses, values lower than 10% of relative standard deviation were obtained. In the presence of concomitant inorganic and organic species, the system proved to be selective in the determination of analytes. The method was used to determine the analytes in fortified samples (river water, synthetic urine and commercial milk), obtaining recoveries between 87.25 and 111.40%. The 2HEAA demonstrated high efficiency as an alternative electrolyte with good signal-to-noise ratio, increased analytical sensitivity of the method, in addition to presenting low cost and fast electrolyte preparation. (CAF NIC (NIC world work 2hydroxyethylammonium hydroxyethylammonium 2 HEAA (2HEAA simultaneously DPV. . (DPV) spectroscopy conditions LOD (LOD 082 0 82 0.8 626 6 26 6.2 LOQ (LOQ 273 73 2.7 208 20 8 20. L1 L- respectively analyses 10 species river water milk, milk , milk) 8725 87 25 87.2 11140 111 40 111.40% signaltonoise signal noise ratio preparation (DPV 08 0. 62 6. 27 7 2. 872 87. 1114 11 4 111.40 111.4 111.

To discover new bisamide compounds with insecticidal and fungicidal activities, 19 novel cyproflanilide derivatives containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole group were designed and synthesized according to the principle of biologically active factor splicing. Preliminary biological assay data indicated that the majority of target compounds demonstrated significant insecticidal activity against Lepidopteran pests. Meanwhile, compounds 5p and 5q showed 97.22 and 100% lethality against Tetranychus cinnabarinus at 400 mg L-1, which were better than cyproflanilide (41.11% at 400 mg L-1). In addition, it is exciting that we have achieved our initial goals as some of the target compounds exhibited both insecticidal and fungicidal activities. For instance, compounds 5b and 5c showed 59.26 and 74.07% fungicidal activities against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1, as well as 100% insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella and armyworm at 100 mg L-1. Compound 5h showed 100% insecticidal activity against armyworm at 10 mg L-1, and also displayed 66.67% fungicidal activity against Cucumber downy mildew at 400 mg L-1. The inhibition rate of compounds 5l and 5s against Cucumber downy mildew reached 88.89 and 96.30% at 400 mg L-1. This work showed the effectively fungicidal application of 1,2,4-oxadiazole group in bisamide compounds and provides insights for optimal structural design. 1 1,2,4oxadiazole 124oxadiazole oxadiazole 1,2,4 2 4 splicing pests Meanwhile p q 9722 97 22 97.2 40 L1, L1 L 1, L-1 41.11% 4111 41 11 (41.11 L1. . L-1) addition instance b c 5926 59 26 59.2 7407 74 07 74.07 1. h 6667 66 67 66.67 l s 8889 88 89 88.8 9630 96 30 96.30 design 4oxadiazole 124 1,2, 972 9 97. L- 41.11 411 (41.1 592 5 59. 740 7 0 74.0 666 6 66.6 888 8 88. 963 3 96.3 12 1,2 41.1 (41. 74. 66. 96. 41. (41 (4 (

RESUMO: A batata-doce é uma cultura importante para a segurança alimentar com mercado mundial em ascensão. Com base nas alterações fisiológicas das plantas em resposta às condições climáticas e à fertilização, este estudo avaliou os efeitos da época de cultivo (período chuvoso e seco) e de doses de P2O5 (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1) na produtividade total e por classes comerciais, bem como, a composição química das raízes de armazenamento de duas cultivares de batata-doce. A produtividade de raízes tuberosas foi maior na estação chuvosa. As doses ótimas agronômica e econômica foram de 128 e 95 kg ha-1 de P2O5 para a cultivar Canadense. A cultivar Uruguaiana não respondeu a adubação fosfatada, mas suas raízes tiveram maiores teores de matéria seca, lipídios, fibras, açúcares totais e redutores e amido. O cultivo de batata-doce no período chuvoso com doses de até 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 aumenta a produtividade de raízes em classes de maior valor econômico e com maiores teores de carboidratos. Estes resultados ajudam os produtores a planejarem o plantio e a colheita da batata-doce ao longo do ano e contribui para a gestão da aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados. RESUMO batatadoce batata doce ascensão fertilização seco PO P P2O 0, 0 (0 50 20 40 ha1 ha 1 comerciais como batatadoce. doce. chuvosa 12 9 ha- Canadense fosfatada seca lipídios fibras amido 10 carboidratos fosfatados ( 5 2 4

ABSTRACT: Sweet potato is an important food security crop, and the world market for this root is on the rise. Based on the physiological changes in plants in response to climatic conditions and fertilization, this study evaluated the effects of the growing season (rainy and dry season) and P2O5 doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1) on total yield, marketable classes yields, as well as chemical composition of storage roots of two sweet potato cultivars. The storage roots yield was greater in the rainy season. The optimum agronomic and economic doses were 128 and 95 kg ha-1 P2O5 for the cultivar Canadense. Cultivar Uruguaiana did not respond to phosphate fertilization, but its storage roots had higher contents of dry matter, lipids, fibers, total and reducing sugars, and starch. Sweet potato cultivation in the rainy season with doses up to 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 increase root yield in marketable size classes in higher economic value and with higher carbohydrate contents. The results can help producers schedule the planting and harvesting of sweet potatoes throughout the year and contribute to the seasonal management of phosphate fertilizer application. ABSTRACT crop rise fertilization PO P O P2O 0, 0 (0 50 20 40 ha1 ha 1 yields cultivars 12 9 ha- Canadense matter lipids fibers sugars starch 10 application ( 5 2 4

ABSTRACT The search for new technologies capable of providing benefits to healthy eating is a global goal. The consumption of foods rich in carotenoids can prevent serious health problems. Thus, the availability of foods high in carotenoids that are accessible to the majority of the population is essential. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a suitable species for biofortification research based on genetic improvements. In this study, we aimed to select and obtain hybrid lettuce populations with high agronomic potential and biofortified carotenoid content. Ten lettuce lines registered in the “BG α Biofort” software were selected for hybridization. The crosses used to obtain the hybrids involved two strains rich in at least one of the pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and 24 experimental hybrids were obtained. A total of 37 genotypes (strains, hybrids, and commercial cultivars) were evaluated using a randomized block design for agronomic variables and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Hybrids 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) and 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) had the potential to produce dual-purpose populations (yield and carotenoid biofortification). Hybrid 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) exhibited the best pigment balance. Thus, F2 hybrids 12, 25, and 27 should be obtained to produce new cultivars of biofortified red and green lettuce for curly, american, mini, and romaine lettuce segments. goal problems Thus essential Lactuca L. L improvements study content BG Biofort hybridization carotenoids, , carotenoids) 2 3 strains, (strains 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 dualpurpose dual purpose yield biofortification. . biofortification) BIOFORT1 balance F curly american mini segments UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

RESUMO A busca por novas tecnologias capazes de proporcionar benefícios para uma alimentação saudável tem sido meta mundial. A presença de alimentos ricos em carotenoides pode ser fundamental para prevenir sérios problemas de saúde. Aliar alimentos com altos teores de carotenoides e acessíveis para a maior parte da população é fundamental. A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) se apresenta como uma espécie adequada para investir em pesquisas com biofortificação a partir de melhoramento genético. Assim, o objetivo com este estudo foi selecionar híbridos de alface visando à obtenção de populações com potencial agronômico e biofortificadas para carotenoides. Dez linhagens de alface cadastradas no Software “BG α Biofort” foram utilizadas nas hibridações. Os cruzamentos para obtenção dos híbridos foram planejados envolvendo duas linhagens ricas em pelo menos um dos pigmentos (clorofila e carotenoides) sendo obtidos 24 híbridos experimentais. Foram avaliados 37 genótipos (linhagens, híbridos e cultivares comercias) em delineamento em blocos casualizados quanto as variáveis agronômicas e teores de clorofila e carotenoides. Foi verificado que os híbridos 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) e 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) possuem potencial para obtenção de populações de duplo propósito (produtividade e biofortificada para carotenoide). O híbrido 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) foi o que apresentou maior equilíbrio para pigmentos. Sugere-se a obtenção de populações F2 dos híbridos 12, 25 e 27 visando a obtenção de novas cultivares de alfaces biofortificadas vermelhas e verdes, para os segmentos de alface crespa, americana, mini e romana. mundial saúde Lactuca L. L genético Assim BG Biofort hibridações 2 experimentais 3 linhagens, (linhagens comercias 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 produtividade carotenoide. carotenoide . carotenoide) BIOFORT1 Sugerese Sugere F verdes crespa americana romana UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

ABSTRACT Beans are a vital component of the human diet, being able to supply a large part of the daily protein requirements of individuals, in addition to containing considerable amounts of iron, calcium, vitamins, carbohydrates, fiber, and lysine. Controlled germination is an accessible and effective technique that aims to improve the nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of seeds intended for food consumption. This study aimed to characterize fresh and germinated beans of Phaseolus vulgaris (carioca, branco, preto, gordo varieties) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea). The germination process was conducted in trays containing the sand substrate (350 g) in the environmental conditions of the laboratory. The fresh and germinated beans were evaluated for physicochemical variables in triplicate. The germination process increased moisture content, water activity, ash, pH, soluble alcohol acidity, proteins, ascorbic acid, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the content of lipids, starch, and total sugars in bean seeds. With the increase in bioactive compounds, it was found that the germination process is an excellent method for increasing the nutritional quality of beans. diet individuals iron calcium vitamins carbohydrates fiber lysine functional consumption carioca, carioca (carioca branco preto varieties cowpea. cowpea . (cowpea) 350 (35 g laboratory triplicate activity ash pH acidity proteins acid phenols tannins flavonoids anthocyanins carotenoids hand lipids starch compounds (cowpea 35 (3 3 (

RESUMO O feijão é um importante componente da dieta humana, sendo capaz de suprir grande parte das necessidades proteicas diárias dos indivíduos, além de conter quantidades consideráveis de ferro, cálcio, vitaminas, carboidratos, fibras e lisina. A germinação controlada é uma técnica acessível e eficaz que visa melhorar as qualidades nutricionais, funcionais e sensoriais de sementes destinadas ao consumo alimentar. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar feijão Phaseolus vulgaris das variedades carioca, branco, preto, gordo e feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) in natura e germinado. O processo de germinação foi realizado em bandejas contendo substrato areia (350 g), em condições ambientais de laboratório. Em seguida, os grãos in natura e germinados foram avaliados quanto às variáveis físico-químicas em triplicata. A germinação do feijão aumentou o teor de umidade, atividade de água, cinzas, pH, acidez álcool solúvel, proteínas, ácido ascórbico, fenóis, taninos, flavonóides, antocianinas e carotenóides. Por outro lado, houve redução no teor de lipídios, amido e açúcares totais nas sementes de feijão. Com o aumento dos compostos bioativos, constatou-se que o processo de germinação é um excelente método para aumentar a qualidade nutricional do feijão. humana indivíduos ferro cálcio vitaminas carboidratos lisina nutricionais alimentar carioca branco preto feijãocaupi caupi Vigna unguiculata germinado 350 (35 g, g , g) laboratório seguida físicoquímicas físico químicas triplicata umidade água cinzas pH solúvel proteínas ascórbico fenóis taninos flavonóides carotenóides lado lipídios bioativos constatouse constatou se 35 (3 3 (