Abstract Background: Pilomatrixoma, also known as calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a benign cutaneous neoplasm that demonstrates differentiation towards the matrix portion of hair follicles. It is the most common benign cutaneous neoplasm in childhood and youth, although it can occur at any age. With a general incidence ranging from 0.001% to 0.0031% of all cutaneous tumors. There is a slight predilection for females, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.15:1. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study conducted using the electronic database of the dermatopathology department of Dr. Manuel Gea González General Hospital, from January 1992 to July 2023. Only cases with a histopathological diagnosis of pilomatrixoma, pilomatricoma, and Malherbe’s calcifying epithelioma were included. Results: A total of 200 pilomatrixomas were recorded in 177 patients. The tumor predominantly affected females in the pediatric age group, with an average age of 22.98 years in the studied population. The most common location was the head (periorbital region), followed by the upper extremities and trunk. Upon separating the population into pediatric and adult groups, 111 and 89 cases were identified, respectively. Conclusions: We present a detailed study on pilomatrixomas with a comprehensive overview of the demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of this benign cutaneous neoplasm. The results revealed robust statistical data highlighting the distribution by age, gender, topography, morphology, accompanying symptoms, and frequency of clinical differential diagnoses. This study significantly contributes to the existing knowledge of pilomatrixomas and serves as a valuable reference for future research and clinical practice.

Resumen Introducción: El pilomatrixoma o epitelioma calcificado de Malherbe es una neoplasia cutánea benigna que muestra diferenciación hacia la porción de la matriz de los folículos pilosos. Es la neoplasia cutánea benigna más frecuente en la infancia y la juventud, aunque puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Tiene una incidencia general que oscila entre el 0.001% y el 0.0031% de todos los tumores cutáneos. Se reporta una ligera predilección por el sexo femenino, con una relación mujer: hombre de 1.15:1. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal en el que se utilizó la base de datos electrónica del departamento de dermatopatología del Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, entre enero de 1992 y julio de 2023. Para la búsqueda de los casos solo se incluyeron aquellos con diagnóstico histopatológico de pilomatrixoma, pilomatricoma o epitelioma calcificado de Malherbe. Resultados: Se registraron 200 pilomatrixomas en 177 pacientes. El tumor predominó en mujeres de edad pediátrica; el promedio de edad de la población estudiada fue 22.98 años. La topografía más frecuente fue la cabeza (región periorbitaria), seguida de las extremidades superiores y el tronco. Al separar la población en pediátricos y adultos, se encontraron 111 y 89 casos, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Presentamos un estudio detallado sobre pilomatrixomas con una visión exhaustiva de las características demográficas, clínicas y epidemiológicas de esta neoplasia cutánea benigna. Los resultados revelaron datos estadísticos sólidos, destacando la distribución por edades, sexo, topografía, morfología, síntomas acompañantes y frecuencia de diagnósticos diferenciales clínicos. Este estudio contribuye significativamente al conocimiento existente sobre los pilomatrixomas y sirve como una referencia valiosa para futuras investigaciones y para la práctica clínica.

Abstract Introduction and objectives: Determine the clinical and ultrasound findings in patients who present less than 12 ovarian follicles in the ultrasound count. Method: Observational study (historical cohort) with 505 patients selected by consecutive sampling, between January 14, 2019 and March 15, 2021, who consulted for different gynecological disorders. Two groups of patients were generated: those with 1 to 3 follicles in one of the ovaries (n = 377) and those with 4 to 11 follicles (n = 128). The primary outcome was the presence of at least one clinical sign of hyperandrogenism. Results: Of 505 patients analyzed, when comparing those who presented 4 to 11 follicles in one of the ovaries (n = 377) with those who presented 1 to 3 follicles (n = 128), the first group showed a greater presence of signs of hyperandrogenism, thicker endometrium in luteal phase and a menstrual pattern with one to four days of heavy menstrual bleeding, all differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with 4 to 11 follicles in one of their ovaries, signs of hyperandrogenism, similar to polycystic ovary syndrome, were observed.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Determinar los hallazgos clínicos y ecográficos en pacientes que presentan menos de 12 folículos ováricos. Método: Estudio observacional (cohorte histórica) con 505 pacientes seleccionadas mediante muestreo consecutivo, entre el 14 de enero del 2019 y el 15 de marzo del 2021, que consultan por diversas alteraciones ginecológicas. Se generan dos grupos de pacientes, las que presentaron uno a tres folículos en uno de los ovarios (n = 377) y las que presentaban 4 a 11 folículos (n = 128). Se midió como resultado primario la presencia de al menos un signo clínico de hiperandrogenismo. Resultados: De 505 pacientes analizadas, al comparar las que presentaron 4 a 11 folículos en uno de los ovarios (n = 377) con las que presentaban 1 a 3 folículos (n = 128), las primeras mostraron mayor presencia de signos de hiperandrogenismo, endometrio en fase lútea de mayor espesor y un patrón menstrual con uno a cuatro días de sangrado menstrual abundante, diferencias todas estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). Conclusión: En pacientes con 4 a 11 folículos en uno de sus ovarios, se observaron signos de hiperandrogenismo, similares al síndrome de ovario poliquístico.

Resumen Introducción: El tricoblastoma es una neoplasia que por su baja frecuencia no se sospecha clínicamente, pero que debe ser diferenciada de un carcinoma de células basales a través del estudio histopatológico. Objetivo: Reportar un tumor sumamente raro que se presenta en sitios donde es frecuente observar carcinomas basocelulares. Caso clínico: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 34 años, quien mostraba un nódulo deconsistencia firme y bordes definidos en la región frontal derecha. En laevaluación histológica, se encontró un nódulo hipodérmico bien circunscrito,constituidopormasasynidosdecélulasbasaloidesgrandesconnúcleoovoideo y nucléolo visible con empalizada periférica y algunos folículos rudimentarios. Ante estos signos histopatológicos, se planteó el diagnóstico diferencial con carcinoma de células basales y tricogerminoma,yaqueestasneoplasiaspresentanelementos comunes. La inmunohistoquímica mostró que las células tumorales eran positivas en mayor o menor porcentaje parap63,p53,CK20,Bcl2yCD10. Conclusiones: Pensar en el diagnóstico de un tricoblastoma es un reto, ya que tiene características similares al carcinoma de células basales y a otros tumores benignos foliculares como el tricogerminoma. Por ello, es necesario interrelacionar los hallazgos histomorfológicos con los resultados inmunohistoquímicos.

Abstract Introduction : Trichoblastoma is a neoplasm that is not clinically suspected due to its low frequency but must be differentiated from basal cell carcinoma through histopathological study. Aim : To report an extremely rare tumor that occurs in places where it is common to see basal cell carcinomas. Clinical case : The case of a 34-year-old patient is presented, who showed a nodule of firm consistency and defined edges on the right side of the forehead. In the histological evaluation a well-circumscribed hypodermal nodule was found consisting of masses and nests of large basaloid cells with an ovoid nucleus and visible nucleolus with peripheral palisade and some rudimentary follicles. Given these findings, the differential diagnosis with basal cell carcinoma and trichogerminoma was raised, since these neoplasms have common elements. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells were positive in a higher or lesser percentage for: p63, p53, CK20, Bcl2 and CD10. Conclusions : Diagnosingatrichoblastoma is a challenge since it has characteristics similar to basal cell carcinoma and other benign follicular tumors such as trichogerminoma, so it is necessary to interrelate the histomorphological findings with the immunohistochemical results.

Abstract In vitro cell culture is a well-established technique present in numerous laboratories in diverse areas. In reproduction, gametes, embryos, and reproductive tissues, such as the ovary and endometrium, can be cultured. These cultures are essential for embryo development studies, understanding signaling pathways, developing drugs for reproductive diseases, and in vitro embryo production (IVP). Although many culture systems are successful, they still have limitations to overcome. Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems can be close to physiological conditions, allowing greater interaction between cells and cells with the surrounding environment, maintenance of the cells' natural morphology, and expression of genes and proteins such as in vivo. Additionally, three-dimensional culture systems can stimulated extracellular matrix generating responses due to the mechanical force produced. Different techniques can be used to perform 3D culture systems, such as hydrogel matrix, hanging drop, low attachment surface, scaffold, levitation, liquid marble, and 3D printing. These systems demonstrate satisfactory results in follicle culture, allowing the culture from the pre-antral to antral phase, maintaining the follicular morphology, and increasing the development rates of embryos. Here, we review some of the different techniques of 3D culture systems and their applications to the culture of follicles and embryos, bringing new possibilities to the future of assisted reproduction. wellestablished well established areas reproduction gametes embryos tissues endometrium cultured studies pathways diseases IVP. IVP . (IVP) successful overcome Threedimensional Three dimensional D (3D conditions environment morphology vivo Additionally threedimensional three produced drop surface scaffold levitation marble printing preantral pre phase Here (IVP

Abstract This review aims to discuss the main factors involved in the development of early antral follicles until gonadotropin dependence. This follicular phase is characterized by intense proliferation of granulosa cells, formation of a fluid-filled cavity, morphological differentiation of cumulus cells, mural granulosa cells and recruitment of theca cells. The interaction between oocyte, granulosa and theca cells is crucial for follicular growth and hormone production. Growth factors produced by the oocyte, such as growth and differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15), regulate granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation and antral cavity development, as well as stimulate the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptors in granulosa cells. In response to FSH, granulosa cells secrete C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), which acts through its receptor to increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production and consequently follicular development. Granulosa cells also produce insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and increase aromatase enzyme activity, which results in greater sensitivity to gonadotropins and follicular steroidogenesis. The absence of IGF-1 signaling causes cessation of follicular growth at the early antral stage. Many other local factors are involved in the regulation of follicular development. Therefore, this review brings relevant data for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of early antral follicle growth, emphasizing the role of endocrine and paracrine factors, the oocyte-granulosa cell interaction and the processes of follicular atresia. The challenges for the establishment of efficient culture systems for in vitro growth of early antral follicles are also discussed. dependence fluidfilled fluid filled oocyte factor9 factor 9 factor- GDF9 GDF (GDF-9 protein15 protein 15 protein-1 BMP15, BMP15 BMP , (BMP-15) folliclestimulating stimulating FSH (FSH Ctype C type CNP, CNP (CNP) cGMP (cGMP insulinlike insulin like factor1 1 IGF1 IGF (IGF-1 activity steroidogenesis IGF- stage Therefore oocytegranulosa atresia discussed (GDF- protein1 protein- BMP1 (BMP-15 (CNP (IGF- (GDF (BMP-1 (IGF (BMP- (BMP

Resumo Esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir os principais fatores envolvidos no desenvolvimento de folículos antrais iniciais até a dependência de gonadotrofinas. Essa fase folicular é caracterizada por intensa proliferação de células da granulosa, formação de uma cavidade preenchida por líquido, diferenciação morfológica das células do cumulus, células da granulosa murais e recrutamento de células da teca. A interação entre oócito, células da granulosa e da teca é determinante para o crescimento folicular e produção hormonal. Fatores de crescimento produzidos pelo oócito, fator de crescimento e diferenciação-9 (GDF-9) e proteína morfogenética óssea-15 (BMP-15), regulam a proliferação e diferenciação de células da granulosa, e o desenvolvimento da cavidade antral, bem como estimulam a produção de receptores do hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) nas células da granulosa. Em resposta ao FSH, as células da granulosa secretam o peptídeo natriurético tipo C (CNP), que atua através de seu receptor para aumentar a produção de monofosfato de guanosina cíclico (GMPc) e consequentemente o desenvolvimento folicular. As células da granulosa também produzem o fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina 1 (IGF-1) e aumentam a atividade da enzima aromatase, o que resulta em maior sensibilidade às gonadotrofinas e esteroidogênese folicular. A ausência de sinalização do IGF-1 causa cessação do crescimento folicular no início do estágio antral. Muitos outros fatores locais estão envolvidos na regulação do desenvolvimento folicular. Por tanto essa revisão traz dados relevantes para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos no controle do crescimento de folículos antrais iniciais, enfatizando o papel dos fatores endócrinos e parácrinos, a interação oócito-células da granulosa e os processos de atresia folicular. Os desafios para o estabelecimento de sistemas de cultivo eficientes para o crescimento in vitro de folículos antrais iniciais também são discutidos. líquido cumulus oócito hormonal diferenciação9 9 diferenciação- GDF9 GDF (GDF-9 óssea15 óssea 15 óssea-1 BMP15, BMP15 BMP , (BMP-15) antral FSH (FSH CNP, CNP (CNP) GMPc (GMPc IGF1 IGF (IGF-1 aromatase IGF- parácrinos oócitocélulas discutidos (GDF- óssea1 óssea- BMP1 (BMP-15 (CNP (IGF- (GDF (BMP-1 (IGF (BMP- (BMP

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for ovarian superstimulation on ovarian response, follicular development and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collection in llamas. For this purpose, eighteen multiparous non-lactating adult (4–7 yo) female llamas with an average body condition of 2.8 (BCS 1–5) were submitted to a follicular ablation (FA) to induce a new follicular wave emergence. Two days after FA (Day 0), synchronized llamas were randomly allocated to three treatment groups (n = 6/group) and given 500, 750 and 1000 IU of eCG (Novormon®, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) per animal respectively to induce ovarian superstimulation. Transrectal ultrasonography were performed on Days 2, 4, and 6; and ovum pick up (OPU) was performed on Day 6. Data was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and 2-tailed Chi-square. The average size (mm) of follicles was greater (p≤ 0.05) in the 1000 IU group compared to the other groups. There was a greater (p≤ 0.05) number of follicles ≥ 7 mm in the 1000 IU group compared to the 500 IU group. Number of COCs collected on Day 6 and the COC recovery rate were not different among groups. In conclusion, a single dose of 1000 IU of eCG induced the best ovarian response resulting in larger and greater number of follicles at the time of OPU. (eCG cumulusoocyte cumulus oocyte (COCs purpose nonlactating non lactating 4–7 47 4 (4– yo 28 2 8 2. BCS 1–5 15 1 5 (FA emergence 0, 0 , 0) n 6/group 6group 75 100 Novormon®, Novormon (Novormon® Syntex Aires Argentina OPU (OPU oneway one way ANOVA (ANOVA) 2tailed tailed Chisquare. Chisquare Chi square. square Chi-square (mm p≤ p (p 0.05 005 05 50 conclusion 4– (4 1– 10 Novormon® (Novormon (ANOVA 0.0 00 ( 0.

Abstract Steroids and gonadotrophins are essential for the regulation of late stages of preantral development and antral follicular development. Although the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) has been detected in the preantral follicles of rats, rabbits, and pigs, its expression, in bovine fetal ovary, has not been demonstrated. Based on this, we aimed to investigate the expression of the LHCGR and LHCGR mRNA binding protein (LRBP), as well as, to quantify bta-miR-222 (a regulatory microRNA of the LHCGR gene) during the development of bovine fetal ovary. In summary, LHCGR expression was observed in the preantral follicle in bovine fetal ovary, from oogonias to primordial, primary and secondary stages, and the mRNA abundance was lower on day 150 than day 60. However, the mRNA abundance of LRBP followed the opposite pattern. Similar to LRBP, the abundance of bta-miR-222 was higher on day 150 than day 60 or 90 of gestation. The LHCGR protein was detected in oogonia, primordial, primary, and secondary follicles. Moreover, both oocytes and granulosa cells showed positive immunostaining for LHCGR. In conclusion, we suggest the involvement of LHCGR/LRBP/bta-mir222 with mechanisms related to the development of preantral follicles in cattle. (LHCGR rats rabbits pigs ovary demonstrated this , (LRBP) btamiR222 btamiR bta miR 222 bta-miR-22 a gene summary primordial 15 However pattern 6 9 gestation oogonia Moreover conclusion LHCGR/LRBP/btamir222 LHCGRLRBPbtamir222 LHCGRLRBPbtamir LHCGR/LRBP/bta mir222 mir LHCGR/LRBP/bta-mir22 cattle (LRBP btamiR22 22 bta-miR-2 1 btamir222 btamir LHCGR/LRBP/btamir22 LHCGRLRBPbtamir22 LHCGRLRBPbta mir22 LHCGR/LRBP/bta-mir2 btamiR2 2 bta-miR- btamir22 LHCGR/LRBP/btamir2 LHCGRLRBPbtamir2 mir2 LHCGR/LRBP/bta-mir bta-miR btamir2 LHCGR/LRBP/btamir

Abstract: Aim This study evaluates the reproduction and fecundity of Leporinus lacustris in upper Paraná River floodplain environments with the objectives to (i) recognize the germ cells of folliculogenesis and oogenesis; (ii) characterize reproductive phases; (iii) investigate oocyte diameter and evaluate if this species has group synchronous or asynchronous oocyte development and if spawning is total or batch; (iv) estimate batch fecundity; (v) establish the relationship between fecundity/ovary weight, standard length, and total weight; (vi) verify the reproductive areas of this species in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Methods Sampling was carried out using gillnets in rivers, and open and closed lagoons, in March, June, September, and December 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019 and March and September 2017. A total of 442 females were sampled and 111 subsampled, each of which had an ovary removed and fixed in Bouin solution. A subsample of 20 ovaries in the spawning capable phase were fixed in a 4% buffered formaldehyde solution to estimate the diameter of the oocytes and fecundity. The ovaries were dehydrated, embedded in historesin, cut, stained, and evaluated as regards folliculogenesis, oogenesis, development phases, and reproduction areas. Results The germ cells recorded were differentiated oogonia, primary and secondary growth oocytes, fully-grown and mature oocytes, and post-ovulatory follicles that permitted the recognition of the reproductive phases. Oocyte diameter information revealed that the species has group synchronous oocyte development, determinate fecundity and batch spawning, and eliminates an average of 38,490 oocytes. Conclusions The fact that Leporinus lacustris is reproductively successful in the Baía River and in the Fechada, Guaraná, Patos, Garças, Ventura and Ressaco do Pau Véio lagoons strengthens the importance of the areas of environmental protection of the islands and lowlands of the Paraná River, Ilha Grande National Park and Ivinheima River State Park. Abstract i (i oogenesis ii (ii phases iii (iii iv (iv v (v fecundityovary weight length vi (vi rivers June 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 201 2017 44 11 subsampled 2 4 dehydrated historesin cut stained oogonia fullygrown fully grown postovulatory post ovulatory 38490 38 490 38,49 Fechada Guaraná Patos Garças 1 3849 3 49 38,4 384 38,

Resumo: Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a reprodução e fecundidade de L. lacustris em ambientes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, com os objetivos de: (i) reconhecer as células germinativas da foliculogênese e oogênese; (ii) caracterizar as fases reprodutivas; (iii) investigar o diâmetro dos oócitos e avaliar se esta espécie tem o desenvolvimento dos oócitos sincrônico em grupo ou assincrônico e se a desova é total ou parcelada; (iv) estimar a fecundidade do lote; (v) estabelecer a relação entre fecundidade/peso do ovário, comprimento padrão e peso total e (vi) verificar as principais áreas de reprodução desta espécie na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. Métodos As amostragens foram realizadas em rios, lagoas abertas e fechadas no alto rio Paraná, com redes de espera nos meses de março, junho, setembro e dezembro de 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 e 2019 e março e setembro de 2017. Foram amostradas 442 fêmeas e subamostradas 111, das quais foi retirada uma subamostra do ovário e fixada em solução de Bouin. Uma subamostra de 20 ovários na fase apta a desova foi fixada em solução de formaldeído tamponado a 4%, para posteriormente, estimar o diâmetro dos oócitos e fecundidade. Resultados As células germinativas registradas foram: oogônias diferenciadas, oócitos de crescimento primário e secundário, oócitos de crescimento completo e maduros, e folículos pós-ovulatórios que permitiram reconhecer as fases reprodutivas. As informações do diâmetro dos oócitos revelou que a espécie tem desenvolvimento dos oócitos sincrônico em grupo, fecundidade determinada e desova parcial, e elimina no período de desova em média 38.490 oócitos. Conclusões Leporinus lacustris reprodutivamente bem sucedido no rio Baía e nas lagoas Fechada, do Guaraná, dos Patos, das Garças, do Ventura e do Ressaco do Pau Véio reforçando a importância das áreas de proteção ambiental das ilhas e várzeas do rio Paraná, Parque Nacional da Ilha Grande e Parque Estadual do rio Ivinheima. Resumo L Paraná i (i oogênese ii (ii reprodutivas iii (iii parcelada iv (iv lote v (v fecundidadepeso vi (vi rios junho 2013 2014 2015 2016 201 2017 44 111 Bouin 2 4 4% posteriormente diferenciadas secundário maduros pósovulatórios pós ovulatórios parcial 38490 38 490 38.49 Fechada Guaraná Patos Garças Ivinheima 11 3849 3 49 38.4 1 384 38.

ABSTRACT This exploratory study aimed to investigate the effects of breed and body mass index (BMI) on arrested-laying (AL) associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (AL-PCOS) in geese. Moreover, detailed pathological assessments in geese with AL were also performed. Mast geese and Large gray geese were reared under intensive feeding conditions. Observations during the laying season showed that all AL cases (n:8) (7.84%) were in Mast geese (n:102) fed with energy and protein-dense feeds. Necropsy revealed that all Mast geese with AL also had PCOS (8/8). In Mast geese, a significant difference was observed in body weight (BW) (p<0.0001) and BMI (p<0.0001) between the AL-PCOS group and the regular laying group. Follicle classifications detected by necropsy in AL-PCOS geese showed that among the Mast geese with AL-PCOS (n=8), two had atretic and cystic follicles (25%), four had type-1 and type-2 follicles (50%), and two had necrotic type-3 follicles (25%). The research data revealed that AL-PCOS might be correlated with breed and BMI, and that overfeeding and high BMI might increase AL- PCOS in breeds with high egg production, such as Mast geese. Therefore, it is crucial for farms raising high-yielding breeds such as Mast geese to strictly follow the laying periods and feeding regimes for high profitability. No previous reports had ever investigated AL-PCOS in geese, making this study the first of its kind. Moreover, the current study is also among the few presenting data on geese reproductive physiology and pathology. (BMI arrestedlaying arrested (AL ALPCOS (AL-PCOS Moreover performed conditions n8 n 8 (n:8 7.84% 784 7 84 (7.84% n102 102 (n:102 proteindense protein dense feeds 8/8. 88 8/8 . (8/8) BW (BW p<0.0001 p00001 p 0 0001 (p<0.0001 n=8, n=8 , (n=8) 25%, 25 25% (25%) type1 type 1 type- type2 2 50%, 50 50% (50%) type3 3 25%. production Therefore highyielding yielding profitability kind pathology (n: 7.84 78 (7.84 n10 10 (n:10 8/ (8/8 p<0.000 p0000 000 (p<0.000 n= (n=8 (25% 5 (50% (n 7.8 (7.8 n1 (n:1 (8/ p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 (n= (25 (50 7. (7. (8 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (2 (5 (7 ( p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract The number of antral follicles is considered an important fertility trait because animals with a high follicle count (HFC) produce more oocytes and embryos per cycle. Identification of these animals by genetic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can accelerate selection of future generations. The aim of this study was to perform a genome wide association study (GWAS) on Nelore and Angus heifers with HFC and low (LFC) antral follicle counts. The groups HFC and LFC for genotyping were formed based on the average of total follicles (≥ 3 mm) counted in each breed consistently ± standard deviation. A total of 72 Nelore heifers (32 HFC and 40 LFC) and 48 Angus heifers (21 HFC and 27 LFC) were selected and the DNA was extracted from blood and hair bulb. Genotyping was done using the Illumina Bovine HD 770K BeadChip. The GWAS analysis showed 181 and 201 SNPs with genotype/phenotype association (P ≤ 0.01) in Nelore and Angus heifers, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on candidate genes that were associated with SNPs. A total of 97 genes were associated to the 181 SNPs in the Nelore heifers and the functional analysis identified genes (ROBO1 and SLIT3) in the ROBO-SLIT pathway that can be involved in the control of germ cell migration in the ovary as it is involved in lutheal cell migration and fetal ovary development. In the Angus heifers, 57 genes were associated with the 201 SNPs, highlighting Fribilin 1 (FBN1) gene, involved in regulation of growth factors directly involved in follicle activation and development. In summary, GWAS for Nelore and Angus heifers showed SNPs associated with higher follicle count phenotype. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights for the further investigation of potential mechanism involved in follicle formation and development, important for breeding programs for both breeds. (HFC cycle (SNPs generations (GWAS (LFC counts ≥ ( mm deviation 7 32 (3 4 21 (2 2 bulb K BeadChip 18 20 genotypephenotype genotype phenotype P 0.01 001 0 01 respectively 9 ROBO1 ROBO (ROBO SLIT3 SLIT ROBOSLIT development 5 FBN1 FBN (FBN1 gene summary Furthermore breeds 0.0 00 (FBN 0.

Abstract As a positional and geometrical isomer of linoleic acid, trans 10, cis 12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) reduces white fat by reducing food intake, modulating lipid metabolism, and stimulating energy expenditure. However, the t10c12-CLA products are mostly mixtures, making it difficult to obtain accurate results. Studies are needed to investigate the effects of pure t10c12-CLA on animals and humans. In this study, we used the biallelic transgenic (tg) mice, which could produce t10c12-CLA itself, to investigate the effects of pure t10c12-CLA on female reproductive ability. The results showed that the body and relative ovary weights had no significant difference between tg and wild-type (wt) littermates at ages 3 or 10 weeks. While the fecundity test found that tg mice had a significantly longer first litter time (32.0 ± 4.70 days vs. 21.3 ± 2.31 days, P<0.05), and a significantly lower number of litters (4.75 ± 2.75 vs. 6.67 ± 0.57, P<0.05) when compared with wt mice during continuous mating within seven months. Hormone profiles showed that serum estradiol levels did not change in tg mice; however, significantly (P<0.05) decreased progesterone and increased prostaglandin E2 levels were observed in tg mice compared with those of wt mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed no pathological characteristics in tg ovaries, except for the increased atresia follicles (P<0.05). Moreover, the tg mice had a significantly more extended diestrus period than the wt mice (48.4 ± 6.38% vs. 39.6 ± 3.81%, P<0.05). In summary, t10c12-CLA could affect serum progesterone and prostaglandin E2 levels, lead to a disordered estrus cycle, and impact the reproductive performance of female mice. This study provided theoretical and biosafety recommendations for applying t10c12-CLA in female mammals. 1 t10c12CLA tcCLA t10c12 CLA t c (t10c12-CLA intake metabolism expenditure However mixtures humans (tg itself ability wildtype wild type (wt weeks 32.0 320 32 0 (32. 470 4 70 4.7 vs 213 21 21. 231 2 31 2.3 P<0.05, P005 P P<0.05 , 05 4.75 475 75 (4.7 275 2.7 667 6 67 6.6 057 57 0.57 months however (P<0.05 E Hematoxylineosin Hematoxylin eosin ovaries P<0.05. . Moreover 48.4 484 48 (48. 638 38 6.38 396 39 39. 381 81 3.81% summary cycle mammals tc t10c1 32. (32 47 7 4. 23 2. P00 P<0.0 (4. 27 66 6. 5 0.5 (P<0.0 48. (48 63 6.3 8 3.81 t10c (3 P0 P<0. (4 0. (P<0. 3.8 ( P<0 (P<0 3. P< (P< (P

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of including mouse feed with different concentrations (5, 10, or 20%) of Pereskia aculeata Miller (PAM) leaves on the morphology and development of preantral ovarian follicles and ovarian stromal cell density. The oral toxicity was performed using repeated dose toxicity assays subdivided into experiments of 30 days and 90 days of treatment. After the experiments, the ovaries of each animal were collected and submitted to classical histology. At 30 and 90 days, there was an equivalent percentage of normal, primordial, and developing follicles (P > 0.05) between PAM treatments compared to the control. Regarding the different stages of follicular development, after 90 days, there was a higher percentage (P < 0.05) of developing follicles only in the control group compared to day 30. The PAM 5% treatment was the only one that affected the cell density in the stroma after 90 days of treatment. Thus, we observed that supplementing the diet with P. aculeata did not pose any risk concerning animal consumption; specifically, there were no toxic reproductive effects observed from adding Pereskia aculeata Miller to the mouse diet. 5, 5 (5 10 20% 20 (PAM 3 9 histology normal primordial P 0.05 005 0 05 Thus consumption specifically ( 1 2 0.0 00 0.

ABSTRACT Ectopic thyroid tissue is rare in the general population and more prevalent in people who have existing thyroid disease. Common anatomical sites of ectopic thyroid tissue include the lateral cervical region, thyroglossal duct, mediastinum, lingual, sublingual, and submandibular region. Intrathymic ectopic thyroid tissue is exceedingly rare. The purpose of this report is to describe one such case in a 52-year-old African-American female with Graves’ disease. The patient presented for a physical exam and follow-up. During the exam, an incidental mediastinal mass was discovered, which was evaluated by imaging studies and subsequently was resected. Histologically, the mass was composed of variable-sized thyroid follicles lined by a monolayer of cuboidal to columnar follicular epithelial cells and filled with eosinophilic colloid, surrounded by a rim of unremarkable compressed thymic tissue. disease region duct mediastinum lingual sublingual 52yearold yearold 52 year old AfricanAmerican African American Graves followup. followup follow up. up follow-up discovered resected Histologically variablesized variable sized colloid 5

Abstract Lipid metabolism is essential for ensuring oocyte maturation and embryo development. β-Oxidized fatty acids (FA) are a potent source of energy for cells, particularly for bovine somatic follicular cells. Superstimulatory protocols using follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or FSH combined with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) are capable of stimulating the follicular microenvironment and drive the expression of biomarker genes associated with lipid metabolism in the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) for better embryo development. In this study, we assesed the effects of FSH and FSH/eCG protocols on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). Further, we measured triglyceride levels in follicular fluid (FF) obtained from both superstimulatd and non-superstimulated cows (synchronized cows). In summary, superstimulation with gonadotropins maintained the TG levels in bovine FF and ensured GCs mRNA abundance of ACSL1, ACSL3, ACSL6, SCD, ELOVL5, ELOVL6, FASN, FADS2, and SREBP1. We, however, found the abundance of CPTIB mRNA to be lower in GCs obtained from cows subjected to FSH/eCG protocols than synchronized cows. In conclusion, the findings of this study showed that ovarian superstimulation around the preovulatory phase has a mild impact on the lipid metabolism in GCs. development βOxidized β Oxidized FA (FA (FSH eCG (eCG cumulusoocyte cumulus COC (COC FSHeCG . (GCs) Further (FF nonsuperstimulated non superstimulated cows) summary ACSL1 ACSL ACSL3 ACSL6 SCD ELOVL5 ELOVL ELOVL6 FASN FADS2 FADS SREBP1 SREBP We however conclusion (GCs

Resumo A caxemira é uma das fibras mais finas e macias para a indústria têxtil. É obtida por penteação, com um máximo de três repetições, o que não está de acordo com o bem-estar animal. A tosquia implica um risco de mortalidade devido à elevada sensibilidade das cabras às baixas temperaturas, uma vez que deve ser efectuada antes da muda da Primavera. É necessário explorar métodos de tosquia sincronizados, uniformes e que respeitem o bem- estar dos animais. Para tal, é necessário investigar o ciclo do folículo piloso das cabras no norte da Patagónia, Argentina. O objectivo era contribuir para o estudo da biologia do crescimento e da queda de fibras das cabras Crioulas de caxemira da Patagónia Norte e determinar os momentos ideais para a aplicação dos métodos de colheita. Foram utilizadas cabras Crioulas adultas a 35° de latitude sul, num sistema semi-extensivo em La Pampa. Foram colhidas periodicamente amostras individuais de fibras através de penteação e tricotomia do pescoço, dorso, flanco e perna. A queda populacional de fibras finas ao pentear foi significativa (p < 0,05) em junho-setembro, máxima em agosto, coincidindo com as maiores quantidades de fibras finas e comprimento do pavio, enquanto o diámetro médio não variou significativamente durante o ano (p < 0,05). Os caprinos apresentaram muda visível a partir de Setembro, completando-a em Outubro-Janeiro, a maioria das quais com início nas regiões do pescoço e do dorso. Tendo em conta propostas como a da Austrália de tosquia em Julho, infere-se deste trabalho que a recolha de caxemira sem perdas significativas pode ser adiada de acordo com as variações climáticas até Agosto.

Resumen La cachemira es una fibra de las más finas y suaves para la industria textil. Su obtención por peinado es cruenta, con hasta tres repeticiones, no acorde al bienestar animal. La esquila implica riesgo de mortandad por alta sensibilidad de las cabras a temperaturas bajas, porque debe realizarse antes de la muda primaveral. Es necesario explorar métodos de cosecha sincronizada, uniforme y con bienestar animal. Para esto se requieren investigaciones del ciclo de los folículos pilosos de cabras en Patagonia Norte, Argentina. El objetivo fue contribuir al estudio de la biología del crecimiento y desprendimiento de la fibra de cabras criollas portadoras de cachemira de Patagonia Norte y determinar los momentos óptimos para implementar métodos de cosecha. Se utilizaron cabras criollas adultas a 35° latitud sur, en sistema semi-extensivo en La Pampa. Periódicamente se tomaron muestras individuales de fibra por peinado y tricotomía en cuello, espalda, flanco y pierna. Poblacionalmente el desprendimiento de fibra fina al peinado es significativo (p < 0,05) en junio-septiembre, máximo en agosto, en coincidencia con las mayores cantidades de fibra fina y largo de mecha, mientras el diámetro medio no varía significativamente durante el año (p < 0,05). Los caprinos presentaron muda visible a partir de septiembre, completándola en octubre-enero, la mayoría comenzando por regiones de cuello y espalda. Dadas propuestas como la de Australia de esquila en julio, con este trabajo se infiere que la recolección de cachemira sin pérdidas significativas, se puede postergar de acuerdo a la variación climática hasta el mes de agosto.

Abstract Cashmere is one of the finest and softest fibers for the textile industry. Its obtaining by combing is cruel, with up to three repetitions, not according to animal welfare. Shearing implies a risk of mortality due to the high sensitivity of goats to low temperatures, because it must be carried out before the spring moult. It is necessary to explore methods of synchronized, uniform harvest and with animal welfare. Investigations of the cycle of hair follicles of goats in North Patagonia, Argentina are required. The objective was to contribute to the study of the biology of growth and fiber shedding of cashmere-bearing creole goats from Northern Patagonia and to determine the optimal moments to implement harvesting methods. Adult creole goats were used at 35° south latitude, in a semi-extensive system in La Pampa. Individual fiber samples were taken periodically by combing and trichotomy in the neck, back, flank and leg. At the population level, the shedding of fine fiber when combed is significant (p < 0.05) in June-September, maximum in August, coinciding with the highest amounts of fine fiber and wick length, while the average diameter does not vary significantly during the year (p < 0.05). The goats presented visible hair removal from September, completing it in October-January, most of them beginning in the neck and back region. Given proposals such as Australia's shearing in July, this work infers that cashmere harvest without significant losses can be postponed, depending on the climatic variation, until the month of August.