Abstract (Introduction): The current cultivation of trees is insufficient to cover the national demand for wood, in this way small producers become an alternative solution to this situation, since despite having small areas, in the country there are abundant farms with these conditions; However, the current forest management scheme does not meet adequate standards for the incorporation of these small producers. (Objective): To present an adaptive forest management scheme (AFMS) to the needs of the small farmer, in addition, to demonstrate the institutional availability to change according to expert criteria. (Methodology): 1) the factors that influence the decision to adopt an agricultural or forestry production system were identified; 2) a profile of an ideal productive system that met the interests and preferences of the small producer was made, which was compared with the characteristics of agricultural and forestry production; 3) the proposal of an EMFA adjusted to the preferences and interest of the producer was made, which was also compared with the ideal profile; 4) three proposed change actions were presented to experts, obtaining different degrees of possibility of changes in the EMFA. (Results): The discrepancy of the forest management scheme for the cultivation of trees with the perspective that a small producer has on an ideal production system was evidenced, as well as the substantial improvement that an EMFA would have in the valuation of the small producer and the institutional availability to change the EMFA according to the perspective of the small producers. (Conclusions): The adjustment of the forest management scheme allows a greater adoption of the activity by the small producer, but it was recognized that any proposal that is made would be successful only if forest governance makes it more flexible and allows change.

Resumen (Introducción): El cultivo actual de árboles es insuficiente para cubrir la demanda nacional de madera, de este modo, los pequeños productores se tornan como una alternativa de solución ante esta situación, ya que pese a contar con áreas pequeñas, en el país son abundantes las fincas con estas condiciones; sin embargo, el esquema actual de manejo forestal no cumple con estándares adecuados para la incorporación de estos pequeños productores. (Objetivo): Presentar un esquema de manejo forestal adaptativo (EMFA) a las necesidades del pequeño productor, además de evidenciar la disponibilidad institucional al cambio, según el criterio experto. (Metodología): 1) se identificaron los factores que influyen en la decisión de adopción de un sistema productivo agrícola o forestal; 2) se realizó un perfil de un sistema productivo ideal que cumpliera con los intereses y preferencias del pequeño productor, el cual se confrontó con las características de la producción agrícola y forestal; 3) se efectuó la propuesta de un EMFA ajustado a las preferencias e interés del productor, que fue también confrontada con el perfil ideal; 4) se expusieron tres acciones de cambio propuestas ante expertos, obteniendo diferentes grados de posibilidad de cambios en el EMFA. (Resultados): Se evidenció la discrepancia del esquema de manejo forestal para el cultivo de árboles con la perspectiva que un pequeño productor tiene sobre un sistema de producción ideal, asimismo la mejora sustancial que un EMFA tendría en la valoración del pequeño productor y la disponibilidad institucional al cambio del EMFA, según la perspectiva de los pequeños productores. (Conclusiones): El ajuste del esquema de manejo forestal permite una mayor adopción del cultivo de árboles por parte del pequeño productor, pero se reconoció que cualquier propuesta que se realice lograría ser exitosa si la gobernanza forestal flexibiliza y posibilita el cambio.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a persistente demanda do Uruguai para tornar mais flexível a regra do Mercosul de negociar acordos comerciais preferenciais (ACPs) com terceiros países em conjunto, com vistas a identificar: (1) os fatores que impulsionaram esta proposta; e (2) os limites que ela encontrou. O principal argumento proposto é que além das conjunturas políticas, tanto os impulsos quanto os limites respondem a combinações de fatores econômicos e políticos que são bastante estruturais. Portanto, na ausência de mudanças nas posições de seus parceiros no bloco, que o Uruguai certamente não controla, há uma tendência para o statu quo. Para sustentar o argumento, em nível empírico, analisamos primeiramente a evolução histórica do Mercosul e suas relações externas. Em segundo lugar, analisamos a situação atual, marcada pelos esforços do governo uruguaio para assinar um ACP bilateral com seu principal parceiro comercial, a China. Resumo ACPs (ACPs conjunto identificar 1 (1 proposta 2 (2 encontrou políticas estruturais Portanto bloco controla quo empírico externas lugar atual comercial China (

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze Uruguay's persistent demand to make Mercosur's rule of negotiating preferential trade agreements (PTAs) with third countries jointly more flexible, with a view to identifying: (1) the factors that have driven this proposal; and (2) the limits it has encountered. The main argument proposed is that beyond political conjunctures, both the impulses and the limits respond to combinations of economic and political factors that are rather structural. Therefore, in the absence of changes in the positions of its partners in the bloc, which Uruguay certainly does not control, there is a tendency towards the statu quo. In order to support the argument, at the empirical level, we first analyze the historical evolution of Mercosur and its external relations. Secondly, we delve into the current situation, marked by the Uruguayan government's efforts to sign a bilateral PTA with its main trading partner, China. Abstract Uruguays s Mercosurs PTAs (PTAs flexible identifying 1 (1 proposal 2 (2 encountered conjunctures structural Therefore bloc control quo level relations Secondly situation governments government partner China (

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el persistente reclamo de Uruguay de flexibilizar la disposición de Mercosur para negociar acuerdos de comercio preferencial (ACP) con terceros países de forma conjunta, con miras a identificar: (1) los factores que han impulsado este planteo; y (2) los límites que ha encontrado. El argumento principal propuesto es que más allá de las coyunturas políticas, tanto los impulsos como los límites responden a combinaciones de factores económicos y políticos más bien estructurales. Por ende, en ausencia de cambios en las posiciones de sus socios del bloque, que por cierto Uruguay no controla, se constata una tendencia hacia el statu quo. Para sostener el argumento, a nivel empírico se analiza en primer lugar la evolución histórica de Mercosur y sus relaciones externas. Y, en segundo lugar, se profundiza en la coyuntura actual, signada por los esfuerzos del gobierno uruguayo de firmar un ACP bilateral con su principal socio comercial, China. Resumen (ACP conjunta identificar 1 (1 planteo 2 (2 encontrado políticas estructurales ende bloque controla quo externas Y actual comercial China (

Abstract The technique of bending wood by vaporization presents itself as a viable option for curvilinear structural projects, such as gridshells. Coniferous woods are often used in roof structures because, in addition to the desired relationship between mechanical strength and density, they allow the complete treatment of the cross-section of the piece. However, characteristics such as the predominance of sapwood or heartwood and the presence of defects are variables that affect structural performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bending limit of Acrocarpus laxinifloius (Indian cedar) veneers with a bending radius of 21 cm at different thicknesses. The impact of the predominance of sapwood or heartwood and the presence of defects on the bending strength was also investigated. The literature indicates that plastic flexibilization by steam occurs at 100°C, with 2.4 minutes for each millimeter of lamella thickness, which were the parameters considered in this study. The statistical analysis indicated a thickness limit of 8 mm for the lamellae to bend and the greater presence of sapwood or heartwood, as well as wood defects, did not significantly affect the bending force. projects gridshells because density crosssection cross section piece However performance Indian cedar 2 thicknesses investigated 100C C 100 100°C 24 4 2. force 10 1

Resumo Atécnica de vergamento da madeira por vaporização se apresenta como opção viável para projetos de estruturas curvilíneas, como as gridshells. Madeiras coníferas são comumente adotadas em estruturas de cobertura, pois além da desejada relação entre resistência mecânica e densidade, permitem o completo tratamento da seção transversal da peça. Entretanto, características como a predominância de alburno ou de cerne e a presença de defeitos são variáveis que afetam o desempenho estrutural. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o limite de vergamento de lamelas de Acrocarpus flaxinifloius (cedro indiano) com raio de curvatura de 21 cm em diferentes espessuras. Também se investigou o impacto da predominância de alburno ou cerne e da presença de defeitos na força de vergamento. A literatura indica que a flexibilização plástica por vapor ocorre a 100°C, com 2,4 minutos para cada milímetro de espessura da lamela, parâmetros estes considerados neste estudo. A análise estatística indicou o limite de 8 mm de espessura para o vergamento das lamelas e a maior presença de alburno ou de cerne, bem como os defeitos da madeira, não afetou significativamente a força de vergamento. curvilíneas gridshells cobertura densidade peça Entretanto estrutural cedro indiano 2 espessuras 100C C 100 100°C 24 4 2, lamela 10 1

Resumen Objetivo: desarrollar un método para la cobertura delta de portafolios de opciones europeas listadas con base en la teoría del cálculo conformable que mejora la precisión de las predicciones usando la aproximación de primer orden. Metodología: permitimos que la primera derivada en el modelo clásico de Black-Scholes-Merton tenga un orden fraccional 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 y calculamos la delta correspondiente de un portafolio como función de este parámetro conformable. Resultados: aplicando este método a un portafolio conformado de ocho opciones europeas listadas sobre el índice SPX, encontramos que la cobertura conformable genera predicciones más precisas, en promedio, que la cobertura tradicional. Limitaciones: este método es aplicable solamente a la cobertura delta (hedging) de opciones europeas. Originalidad: esta es la primera aplicación exitosa del cálculo conformable a la cobertura delta en opciones europeas. Conclusiones: la aplicación del cálculo conformable permite mayor flexibilidad en la aproximación local implícita en la cobertura delta de portafolios de acciones europeas y se ofrece como una metodología novel y de mayor precisión que la tradicional.

Abstract Objective: we aim to develop a method for delta hedging portfolios of European options based on the theory of conformable calculus which improves accuracy of risk management of listed options in a first-order approximation. Methodology: we allow the time derivative in the classic Black-Scholes-Merton model to have a fractional order 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 and calculate the corresponding delta of a portfolio of listed options as a function of this conformable parameter. Results: applying this method to a portfolio consisting of eight European options on the SPX index, we find that conformable delta hedging offers more accurate average predictions than classical delta hedging. Limitations: this method is applicable for delta hedging in European options only. Originality: this is the first successful application of conformable calculus to delta hedging in European options. Conclusions: application of Conformable Calculus allows for a greater flexibility in the local approximation to price in delta-hedging European options and offers a new and more precise methodology to this objective.

Abstract: The approach to the urban development plan by Brazilian architect Lucio Costa for the Alagados neighborhood (1972) emphasizes the dimension of social housing in its urban planning, highlighting the incorporations carried out in response to the revisions of the modern movement. The study contextualizes revisionist approaches in urban plans, focusing on housing clusters in superblocks and their relationship with public facilities, bringing out the organicist paradigm, aiming for flexibility in urban planning. An approach is taken that includes a specific architectural historiography and design theory, reviewing Lucio Costa's proposal through the analysis of documents, plans, and works. Given the disagreement between social housing policy based on utopian ideals and real estate interests, Lucio Costa's superblock proposal presents its adaptable morphology, concluding that the implementation of Lucio Costa's proposal could possibly have provided substantial positive results to Alagados.

Resumen: El enfoque del plan de desarrollo urbano del arquitecto brasileño Lucio Costa para el vecindario de Alagados (1972) enfatiza la dimensión de la vivienda social en su planificación urbana, destacando las incorporaciones llevadas a cabo en respuesta a las revisiones del movimiento moderno. El estudio contextualiza los enfoques revisionistas en los planes urbanos, centrándose en los grupos de viviendas en los superbloques y su relación con las instalaciones públicas, lo que resalta el paradigma orgánico, con el objetivo de flexibilidad en la planificación urbana. Se adopta un enfoque que incluye una teoría de historiografía y diseño arquitectónica específica, revisando la propuesta de Lucio Costa a través del análisis de documentos, planes y trabajos. Dado el desacuerdo entre la política de vivienda social basada en ideales utópicos e intereses inmobiliarios, la propuesta de superbloque de Lucio Costa presenta su morfología adaptable, concluyendo que posiblemente la implementación de la propuesta de Lucio Costa podría haber proporcionado resultados positivos sustanciales a los Alagados.

Abstract In recent years, digital transformation processes have been gaining relevance. However, not all companies are achieving the same degree of transformation. The presence of barriers and enablers plays a significant role in this process. Furthermore, the extent of digital transformation also impacts how human resources (HR) policies are deployed and influences the effect they have on employees. This work aims to understand how the digital transformation process is occurring from a qualitative approach. Specifically, this study analyzes the main drivers and barriers of firms' digitalization, as well as its effects on companies, people, and human resource practices. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants in three companies to gain an in-depth insight into the research problem. ATLAS.ti was used for data analysis and coding. Results show the presence of barriers and facilitators documented in existing literature. However, our results reveal that the business size and the firm's main activity are important variables that affect the extent of digital transformation. The study also reveals the benefits of digitalization in terms of efficiency and human resource autonomy (flexibility, work-life balance). Likewise, the findings unveil the negative consequences of digitalization with risks such as depersonalization and isolation that undermine talent retention.

Resumen En los últimos años, el proceso de transformación digital ha ido ganando importancia. Sin embargo, no todas las empresas adquieren el mismo nivel de transformación. La presencia de barreras y facilitadores desempeña un papel importante en este proceso. Además, el alcance de la transformación digital también influye en cómo se ejecutan las políticas de recursos humanos (RH) y su impacto en los empleados. Este trabajo pretende comprender cómo se está produciendo el proceso de transformación digital desde un enfoque cualitativo. En concreto, en este estudio se analizan los principales impulsores y barreras de la digitalización en las empresas, así como sus efectos sobre la empresa, las personas y, sobre las prácticas de recursos humanos. Se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave de tres empresas para conocer en profundidad el problema de investigación. Se utilizó ATLAS.ti para el análisis y la codificación de los datos. Los resultados muestran la existencia de barreras y facilitadores, tal y como ha identificado la literatura existente, sin embargo, nuestros resultados muestran que el tamaño de la empresa y el sector al que pertenece son variables importantes que afectan al nivel de transformación digital. El estudio también revela los beneficios de la digitalización en términos de eficiencia y sobre la autonomía de los recursos humanos (flexibilidad, conciliación). Asimismo, los resultados muestran también los efectos negativos de la digitalización como los riesgos como la despersonalización y el aislamiento que socavan la retención del talento.

Resumo Este estudo explora a complexa interação entre tempo e espaço no contexto da reconstrução pós-desastre e introduz uma perspectiva inovadora que transcende as concepções estáticas tradicionais associadas à arquitetura e ao planejamento urbano. Por meio de uma análise multiescala que integra dimensões temporais (memória, observação e projeção) com escalas espaciais que vão desde edificações individuais até o tecido urbano mais amplo, os resultados mostram que a reconstrução não é meramente um processo de reconstrução física, mas também um ato de ressignificar e reinterpretar o tempo e o espaço. Introduz-se o conceito de "tempo zero" como ummomento de estase que precede a reconstrução, enquanto o "movimento" é analisado como uma metáfora da jornada em direção a uma harmonia espacial e social renovada.Este artigo destaca a influência mútua entre as práticasde reconstrução e as percepções temporais e espaciaisdos indivíduos, sugerindo abordagens de planejamentoque valorizam a temporalidade e a flexibilidade espacial.Contribuindo para o debate sobre resiliência urbana,esta pesquisa oferece perspectivas para abordagensde reconstrução pós-desastre sustentáveis, inclusivas eenraizadas na comunidade.

Resumen Este estudio explora la compleja interacción entre tiempo y espacio en el contexto de la reconstrucción post-desastre e introduce una perspectiva novedosa que trasciende las concepciones estáticas tradicionales asociadas con la arquitectura y la planificación urbana. A través de un análisis multiescala que integra dimensiones temporales (memoria, observación y proyección) con escalas espaciales que van desde edificaciones individuales hasta el tejido urbano más amplio, los resultados muestran que la reconstrucción no es meramente un proceso de reconstrucción física, sino también un acto de resignificar y reinterpretar el tiempo y el espacio. Se introduce el concepto de “tiempo cero” como un momento de estasis que precede a la reconstrucción, mientras que el “movimiento” se analiza como una metáfora del viaje hacia una renovada armonía espacial y social. Este artículo destaca la influencia mutua entre las prácticas de reconstrucción y las percepciones temporales y espaciales de los individuos, y sugiere enfoques de planificación que valoran la temporalidad y la flexibilidad espacial. Contribuyendo al debate sobre la resiliencia urbana, esta investigación ofrece perspectivas para enfoques de reconstrucción post-desastre sostenibles, inclusivos y arraigados en la comunidad.

Abstract This study explores the complex interplay between time and space in the context of post-disaster reconstruction and introduces a novel perspective that transcends the traditional static conceptions associated with architecture and urban planning. Through a multiscale analysis integrating temporal dimensions (memory, observation, and projection) with spatial scales ranging from individual buildings to the broader urban fabric, results show that reconstruction is not merely a physical rebuilding process but also an act of resignifying and reinterpreting time and space. The concept of “zero time” is introduced as a moment of stasis preceding reconstruction, while “movement” is analyzed as a metaphor for the journey toward a renewed spatial and social harmony. This article highlights the mutual influence between reconstruction practices and in-dividuals’ temporal and spatial perceptions and suggests planning approaches that value tem-porality and spatial flexibility. Contributing to the urban resilience debate, this research provides insights for sustainable, inclusive, and community-rooted post-disaster reconstruction ap-proaches.Temporal and spatial dynamics in post-disaster reconstruction: a reflection on multiscale interactions.

Abstract Who was Catherine de’ Medici in Europe before she became Queen dowager? How did she think her place inside the princes’ society, considering she came from a branch that had been removed from power in Florence? This paper studies the Florentine diplomacy of the dauphine, from 1533 to 1547. It analyses as much its stakes as its tools and juridical foundations. It shows how heirs’ diplomacy, in this precise case study, roots within the margins of international law, onto domestic human resources, which gives the dauphine and her husband, future Henry II, the ability to forge their own political space, in the court of France, but also besides the kingdom’s limits. Founded on an important reconstruction of Catherine’s correspondence with her cousin, Cosimo I de’ Medici, duke of Florence (1537-1574), this study travels through Early modern diplomacy’s meanders, within private archives, chancery registers and diplomatic correspondences, shedding light upon the flexibility that Isabella Lazzarini theorised.

Résumé Quelle est la place diplomatique de Catherine de Médicis avant de devenir reine, puis reine mère? Alors qu’elle n’est que princesse héritière et que la branche des Médicis dont elle est issue n’est plus au pouvoir à Florence, comment pense-t-elle sa place au sein de la société des princes? Cet article étudie la diplomatie florentine de la dauphine, de 1533 à 1547, afin d’en comprendre les objectifs, mais aussi et surtout les outils et les fondements juridiques. Il s’agit de montrer que la diplomatie des héritiers, dans ce cas précis, s’ancre dans des réalités aux marges du droit international, fondées sur l’usage des domestiques de la maison delphinale, afin de permettre à la dauphine, et, par extension, son mari, futur Henri II, d’asseoir leur existence au sein de la société des princes européens et de se forger une place à la cour de France. Fondé sur la reconstitution de la correspondance de Catherine de Médicis avec son cousin, Côme Ier de Médicis, duc de Florence (1537-1574), cette étude traverse les méandres de la diplomatie de la fin du Moyen Âge, à travers fonds privés, registres de chancellerie et correspondances diplomatiques, dans la lignée d’une historiographie récente qui voit en la diplomatie une “activité politique flexible” (Isabella Lazzarini).

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: February 2023 saw major earthquakes in Pazarcık and Elbistan, causing significant devastation in Turkey. Patients were transferred to hospitals in neighboring provinces, with multiple traumas—especially fractures and organ injuries—forming the main reasons for hospital admissions. This study aimed to examine earthquake-related injuries in pediatric and adult populations to understand differences. METHODS: This study analyzed 1,220 adults and 590 pediatric patients with radiological imaging out of 8,704 earthquake trauma cases. Radiological images were assessed independently by two radiologists. Statistical analysis using SPSS examined relationships between variables such as age group and injury type. RESULTS: Results showed 40% of adults and 64% of children had normal radiological findings. Cerebral and extremity traumas were most common in pediatrics, while adults showed more extremity, thoracic, and spinal traumas. Significant differences between adult and pediatric groups were observed in cranial fractures, thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures, hemopneumothorax, lung contusions, rib fractures, femur and talocalcaneal fractures, and compartment syndrome (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Earthquake-related injuries may vary between children and adults. Due to children's more flexible anatomical structure, it is believed that earthquake-related injuries occur less frequently in children. In this study, head traumas were more common in children compared to adults. The rate of cranial fractures was significantly higher in children, with a higher incidence of epidural hematoma compared to adults. Spinal traumas were more frequent in adults than in children, attributed to children's greater flexibility reducing the risk of entrapment under rubble. Pediatric thoracic compliance being significantly higher than in adults often resulted in milder chest traumas. However, compartment syndrome was more common in children, with a lower rate of accompanying bone fractures compared to adults. No significant difference was observed between children and adults in maxillofacial, abdominal, and pelvic traumas. These findings provide insights for future disaster healthcare planning and management. OBJECTIVE 202 Elbistan Turkey provinces traumasespecially especially injuriesforming forming admissions earthquakerelated related METHODS 1220 1 220 1,22 59 8704 8 704 8,70 cases radiologists type RESULTS 40 64 pediatrics hemopneumothorax contusions p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 (p<0.001) CONCLUSION Earthquakerelated Earthquake childrens s structure rubble However maxillofacial abdominal management 20 122 22 1,2 5 870 70 8,7 4 6 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 2 12 1, 87 7 8, p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumen: La investigación, con enfoque epistemológico cuantitativo y el paradigma positivista, tiene como objetivo definir la relación entre el marco regulatorio del sector financiero ecuatoriano y las condiciones de financiamiento a las pymes. Esta fue de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, permitiendo realizar un análisis descriptivo y factorial de variables vinculadas al conocimiento y aplicación de leyes y códigos regulatorios de 54 oficiales de crédito del sector bancario de El Oro, Ecuador. Se identificaron dos dimensiones: una relacionada con el marco regulatorio monetario y otra con códigos orgánicos. Las encuestas señalan que las leyes más aplicadas son: Ley General de Instituciones del Sector Financiero y Ley de Compañías. La primera regula la creación, funcionamiento y cierre de instituciones financieras privadas para proteger a la población y asegurar la estabilidad financiera; su cumplimiento es supervisado por la Superintendencia de Bancos. La segunda simplifica el proceso de constitución de empresas, permitiendo diversos tipos de compañías y flexibilidad en su estructura. Las regulaciones bancarias ecuatorianas han experimentado reformas para fortalecer la solidez y transparencia del sistema, como la Ley de Mercado de Valores y la Ley de Instituciones del Sistema de Seguros Privados, que contribuyen a la estabilidad, regulación, protección al consumidor financiero y promoción de la competencia, generando condiciones de financiamiento favorables, que incluyen confianza, tasas de interés competitivas y amplias opciones financieras.

Abstract: The research, with a quantitative epistemological approach and the positivist paradigm, aims to define the relationship between the regulatory framework of the Ecuadorian financial sector and the financing conditions for SMEs. This was of a descriptive-correlational type, allowing a descriptive and factorial analysis of variables linked to the knowledge and application of laws and regulatory codes of 54 credit officers from the banking sector of El Oro, Ecuador. Two dimensions were identified: one related to the monetary regulatory framework and another with organic codes. Surveys indicate that the most applied laws are: General Law of Financial Sector Institutions and Companies Law. The first regulates the creation, operation and closure of private financial institutions to protect the population and ensure financial stability; Its compliance is supervised by the Superintendency of Banks. The second simplifies the business incorporation process, allowing various types of companies and flexibility in their structure. Ecuadorian banking regulations have undergone reforms to strengthen the soundness and transparency of the system, such as the Securities Market Law and the Law of Institutions of the Private Insurance System, which contribute to stability, regulation, financial consumer protection and promotion of competition, generating favorable financing conditions, which include confidence, competitive interest rates and broad financial options.

Abstract Introduction. The flow of migrants between different countries is a reality in Portugal, Spain and Belgium. As a consequence, one of the main concerns is the care of migrants in health services. This healthcare is not systematised in the good practice manuals that are available. There is no training in this area, neither in educational curricula nor in the continuous training of health professionals. Objectives. To find out migrants' perceptions of the health care they receive in the three countries. Method(s). Cross-sectional descriptive study in which we adopted a qualitative approach based on Grounded Theory carried out through focus groups and semi-structured telephone interviews. For the analysis process, the main dimensions around which the discourse is articulated were identified, differentiating the most relevant aspects of each topic, grouping the data around the categories related to the objective of the study. The software Atlas-ti 8 and N-Vivo were used for the analysis. Results. The main difficulties faced by migrants in health care are: poor access to the health care system; barriers to healthcare, mainly communication barriers; frequent discriminatory behaviours; poor structural cultural competence, especially due to the lack of translation and intercultural mediation resources; poor health system flexibility and biomedical orientation; and insufficient professional cultural competence. Conclusions. Difficulties of access to the health system are evident: lack of language skills, ignorance of the care itinerary and the perception of discriminatory treatment by health professionals. In addition, the improvement of the competence and cultural sensitivity of health professionals and system improvement strategies, such as translation and intercultural mediation, are proposed.

Resúmen Introducción. El flujo de migrantes entre los diferentes países es una realidad en Portugal, España y Bélgica. Como consecuencia, una de las principales preocupaciones es la atención a personas migrantes en los servicios de salud. Esta atención no está sistematizada en los manuales de buenas prácticas que se encuentran disponibles. No se dispone de formación en esta área, ni en los currículos educativos ni en la formación continua de profesionales de la salud. Objetivos. Conocer la percepción de las personas migrantes sobre la atención sanitaria que reciben en los tres países. Método/s. Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que adoptamos un enfoque cualitativo basado en la Teoría Fundamentada realizado mediante grupos focales y entrevistas telefónicas semiestructuradas. Para el proceso de análisis se identificaron las dimensiones principales en torno a las cuales se articula el discurso, diferenciándose los aspectos más relevantes de cada tema, agrupando los datos en torno a las categorías relacionadas con el objetivo del estudio. Para el análisis se utilizaron los programas informáticos Atlas-ti 8 y N-Vivo Resultado/s. Las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan las personas migrantes en la atención sanitaria son: déficit de acceso al sistema sanitario; las barreras en la atención, sobre todo la de la comunicación; el frecuente trato discriminatorio: la escasa competencia cultural estructural, sobre todo con la carencia de recursos de traducción y mediación intercultural, la escasa flexibilidad del sistema y su orientación biomédica y la insuficiente competencia cultural profesional. Conclusiones. Se evidencian dificultades de acceso al sistema sanitario: no manejo del idioma, desconocimiento del itinerario asistencial y percepción de un trato discriminatorio por parte de profesionales de la salud. Además, las personas migrantes proponen la mejora de la competencia y la sensibilidad cultural de profesionales de la salud y estrategias de mejora del sistema, como la traducción y la mediación intercultural.

Resumen Este artículo expone los resultados de una investigación del año 2022 sobre el modelo de reinserción de la cárcel concesionada CCP Biobío localizado en la región chilena que lleva ese mismo nombre. La investigación se enfoca en un estudio de caso, por medio de la metodología de análisis documental, que examina cómo las políticas y los programas se constituyen en el marco mediante el cual se trabajan los procesos de reinserción social. Dentro de los hallazgos se identificaron serias deficiencias del modelo, que cuestionan la posibilidad de alcanzar la reinserción social en el sistema penitenciario licitado. Ello revela, en primer lugar, la necesidad de realizar ajustes significativos para lograr procesos efectivos de resocialización, además, demuestra cómo la gestión mediante licitación limita la flexibilidad y ralentiza los cambios. Finalmente, se propone redefinir las perspectivas de reinserción al incorporar paradigmas más amplios que involucren la colaboración entre actores gubernamentales, políticas sociales y entidades privadas, como eje fundamental para mitigar el daño que causa la privación de libertad.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação de 2022 sobre o modelo de reintegração da prisão concessionada do CCP Biobío localizado na região chilena que leva ese mesmo nome. A investigação centra-se num estudo de caso utilizando a metodologia de análise documental que examina como se constituem as políticas e programas no quadro através do qual são trabalhados os processos de reinserção social. Dentre as constatações, foram identificadas graves deficiências do modelo que questionam a possibilidade de alcançar a reinserão social no sistema penitenciário licitado, revelando antes de tudoa necessidade de realizar ajustes significativos para alcançãr procesos de ressocializaão eficazes, além disso, a gestão por meio de concurso limita a flexibilidad y ralentiza as mudanças. Por fim, propõe-se redefinir as perspectivas de reintegração, incorporando paradigmas mais amplos que envolvam a colaboração entre atores governamentais, políticas sociais e entidades privadas como eixo fundamental para mitigar os danos causados pela privação de liberdade.

Abstract This article presents the results of a 2022 investigation into the reintegration model of the CCP Biobío concessioned prison located in the Chilean region that bears that same name. The research focuses on a case study using the methodology of documentary analysis that examines how policies and programs are constituted in the framework through which social reintegration processes are worked. Among the findings, serious deficiencies of the model were identified that question the possibility of achieving social reintegration in the tendered penitentiary system, revealing first of all the need to make significant adjustments to achieve effective resocialization processes, in addition management through tender limits flexibility and slows down the changes. Finally, it is proposed to redefine the perspectives of reintegration, incorporating broader paradigms that involve collaboration between government actors, social policies and private entities as a fundamental axis to mitigate the damage caused by the deprivation of liberty.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic drove the transition to online learning globally. This study evaluated the marketing strategies of IST CENESTUR using a mixed methodological approach that integrated qualitative and quantitative perspectives. A significant correlation was found between information sources and influence on the choice of educational services, highlighting the impact of strategies such as digital marketing and customer testimonials. Although most perceived value for money positively, varied opinions were identified, urging to adjust strategies and improve quality. Flexibility of schedules was crucial for customers, followed by the quality of educational material. In addition, there was a high positive perception of the impact of the services on personal and professional development, with a high recommendation rate. However, the importance of addressing financial concerns to improve accessibility and overall satisfaction was stressed.

RESUMEN La pandemia de COVID-19 impulsó la transición hacia la enseñanza en línea a nivel global. Este estudio evaluó las estrategias de marketing del IST CENESTUR se empleó un enfoque metodológico mixto que integró perspectivas cualitativas como cuantitativas. Se encontró una correlación significativa entre las fuentes de información y la influencia en la elección de servicios educativos, resaltando el impacto de estrategias como el marketing digital y los testimonios de clientes. Aunque la mayoría percibió positivamente la relación calidad-precio, se identificaron opiniones variadas, instando a ajustar estrategias y mejorar la calidad. La flexibilidad de horarios fue crucial para los clientes, seguida de la calidad del material educativo. Además, se observó una alta percepción positiva del impacto de los servicios en el desarrollo personal y profesional, con una elevada tasa de recomendación. No obstante, se subrayó la importancia de abordar las preocupaciones financieras para mejorar la accesibilidad y la satisfacción general.

Adoption of automation has become the norm in the South African banking industry, owing to competition. Conventional banking institutions are uncertain of the possible adverse effects of integrating automation into banking processes to serve more customers with fewer resources. This study sought to investigate and model the extent to which the integration of automation could be the exogenous factor of the nine endogenous factors identified in this study. The five most prominent banking institutions in South Africa, were used as a case study. The study used a quantitative approach, and 223 bank employees were selected to contribute to the questionnaire survey, and the primary data were analysed using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique to test the proposed hypotheses. The secondary information was extracted from the banks' annual integrated reports and fact sheets to generate additional insights into the primary data findings. The findings revealed that service delivery automation is a significant and direct predictor of productivity, efficiency, flexibility, operations costs, and the generation of new job opportunities (positive effects). Similarly, the adoption of bank automation was found to be significantly related to the generation of job losses, the changing nature of work, unbalanced demand for required skills, and inequality in wages of employees, which are described as adverse effects.

As gevolg van mededinging, het die aanneming van outomatisering die norm in die Suid-Afrikaanse bankbedryf geword. Konvensionele bankinstellings is onseker oor die moontlike nadelige gevolge van die integrasie van outomatisering in bankprosesse om meer kliënte met minder hulpbronne te bedien. Hierdie studie poog om die mate waarin die integrasie van outomatisering die eksogene faktor van die nege endogene faktore wat in hierdie studie geïdentifiseer is, te ondersoek en te modelleer. Die vyf mees prominente bankinstellings in Suid-Afrika, is as gevallestudie gebruik. Die studie het 'n kwantitatiewe benadering gebruik, en 223 bankwerknemers is gekies om by te dra tot die vraelysopname, en die primêre data is ontleed deur gebruik te maak van die strukturele vergelyking modellering (SEM) tegniek om die voorgestelde hipoteses te toets. Die sekondêre inligting is uit die banke se jaarlikse geïntegreerde verslae en feiteblaaie onttrek om bykomende insigte in die primêre databevindinge te genereer. Die bevindinge het aan die lig gebring dat dienslewering outomatisering 'n beduidende en direkte voorspeller is van produktiwiteit, doeltreffendheid, buigsaamheid, bedryfskoste en die generering van nuwe werksgeleenthede (positiewe effekte). Net so is gevind dat die aanvaarding van bankoutomatisering beduidend verband hou met die generering van werkverliese, die veranderende aard van werk, ongebalanseerde vraag na vereiste vaardighede en ongelykheid in lone van werknemers, wat as nadelige gevolge beskryf word.

School-related Gender-based Violence (SRGBV) is a sub-set of gender-based violence (GBV) that occurs in primary and secondary school settings. SRGBV is a daunting reality, a crime against humanity, and therefore a human rights issue. Responsive SRGBV programmes need to be dynamic, and determined by the needs of communities and learners. If the Department of Basic Education (DBE) wants to remain relevant in supporting communities into becoming safe spaces for all, it needs to promote safe community models with adequate flexibility. Although school-based occupational therapists are a human resource of the DBE, traditionally occupational therapists have not been involved in addressing SRGBV in school settings in South Africa. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This opinion paper elaborates on the context within which school-based occupational therapists can reframe SRGBV as an occupational injustice, and develop life skills interventions that address SRGBV. Recommendations for action are made using existing frameworks such as the Participatory Occupational Justice Framework, and the INSPIRE framework of the United Nations. It encourages school-based occupational therapists to become activists that promote occupational justice, and are leaders in the prevention of and intervention for SRGBV.