ABSTRACT Chile has a relatively long history of monitoring and managing large-scale commercial fish stocks. However, many other small-scale fisheries, particularly those operating in estuaries, usually lack basic fisheries and biological information. International experience indicates that a monitoring system designed for large-scale stocks cannot simply be resized to address the complexity, relatively low total economic value, and the large number of actors and supply chains in small-scale fisheries. This article proposes a strategy to monitor data-poor fisheries operating in estuaries. The striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), locally known as "lisa", in the Rapel River, central Chile, was selected to establish a pilot monitoring program for small-scale fish resources. From May 2022 to May 2023, fisheries information, including fleet description, catch and effort data, and fish biological attributes such as length and weight, were collected and described for the first time in the region. Drawing insights from this case study, we propose developing a generic monitoring system tailored specifically for monitoring fish stocks in estuaries. This conceptualization is based on: i) change agents, who are individuals trained to work with both the social and biological dimensions of each coastal fish stock; ii) experienced fisheries scientists outside government agencies; and iii) local fishers’ knowledge to provide constant feedback for adapting temporal and spatial scales for monitoring. This monitoring scheme is cost-effective and can be efficiently replicated in other estuarine fisheries in Chile.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The fish processing industry generates large volumes of wastewater, which are generally treated in lagoons, generating bad odors and emitting polluting gases into the atmosphere. According to their organic matter content, these can be treated in anaerobic reactors with a microalgae coupling for the bioremediation of the effluent, due to their high N, P and CO2 removal capacity. Objective: To determine the potential of fish processing wastewater from the fishing industry in Sancti Spíritus for biogas and microalgae production. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical characteristics of the wastewater are taken as a starting point and mass balances are performed using indexes from the literature to determine the volumes of biogas and the amount of biomass harvested from the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Results and Discussion: The analyzed waters represent a potential for obtaining biogas and for the development of microalgae cultures as a promising alternative to improve process performance, which allows obtaining energy and high value-added products. Conclusions: The wastewater from the Pescaspir fishing company produces 21.8 m3 of biogas per day and 0.58 kg/d of dry microalgal biomass, so the proposed treatment system allows the generation of renewable energy, the production of biomass, obtaining a purified effluent and reducing the environmental impact on natural aquatic systems, in addition to other possible technological applications.

RESUMEN Introducción: La industria de procesamiento del pescado genera grandes volúmenes de aguas residuales, que generalmente son tratadas en lagunas, generando malos olores y emitiendo gases contaminantes a la atmósfera. De acuerdo a su contenido de materia orgánica estas pueden ser tratadas en reactores anaerobios con un acople de microalgas para la biorremediación del efluente, debido a su alta capacidad de remoción de N, P y CO2. Objetivo: Determinar el potencial de las aguas residuales del procesamiento de pescado de la industria pesquera en Sancti Spíritus para la producción de biogás y microalgas. Materiales y Métodos: Se toma como punto de partida las características fisicoquímicas de las aguas residuales y se realizan balances de masa empleando índices de la literatura, para determinar los volúmenes de biogás y la cantidad de biomasa cosechada de la microalga Chlorella vulgaris. Resultados y Discusión: Las aguas analizadas, representan un potencial para la obtención de biogás y para el desarrollo de cultivos de microalgas como alternativa prometedora para mejorar el rendimiento de los procesos, lo que permite obtener energía y productos de alto valor añadido. Conclusiones: Las aguas residuales de la empresa pesquera Pescaspir, permiten obtener 21,8 m3 de biogás al día y 0,58 kg/d de biomasa microalgal seca, por lo que el sistema de tratamiento propuesto permite la generación de energía renovable, la producción de biomasa, la obtención de un efluente depurado y la reducción del impacto ambiental que causan en los sistemas acuáticos naturales, además de otras posibles aplicaciones tecnológicas.

Abstract one of the leading causes of global biodiversity loss is the introduction of non-native species with high potential for invasion, and fish farms are largely responsible for introducing these species into continental aquatic ecosystems. To assess the possible impacts caused by the introduction of fish species from fishing grounds in natural areas in the Baixada Santista watershed (São Paulo, State, Brazil), the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) was used. The study showed that escaped species, primarily caused by the water drainage system of fishing ground tanks and dispersion by birds, can cause significant damage to the conservation of native species. Therefore, it is imperative to establish management practices for cultivated species and frequently monitor the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of water quality in ponds. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Trahira (Hoplias malabaricus) showed a high risk of invasion. Conversely, Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) was classified as medium risk, highlighting the importance of this species for breeding in fish farming systems and recreational fishing activities conducted in fishing grounds. nonnative non invasion ecosystems São Paulo State Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) ASISK AS ISK (AS-ISK used birds Therefore physicalchemical physical chemical ponds Clarias gariepinus, gariepinus gariepinus) Oreochromis niloticus, niloticus niloticus) Cyprinus carpio Hoplias malabaricus Conversely Colossoma macropomum

Resumo O estudo da biologia reprodutiva é uma abordagem importante na identificação de medidas de proteção para preservar os estoques pesqueiros, fornecendo dados essenciais para um sistema de gestão confiável que garanta o equilíbrio entre o meio ambiente e a economia. Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar a primeira maturidade sexual e o tipo de desova do peixe Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) na costa amazônica, especificamente na região do Golfão Maranhense. Foram obtidos 360 exemplares provenientes da atividade de pesca comercial na comunidade pesqueira de Raposa-MA durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2021. Foram registrados dados biométricos e determinados os estágios de maturação gonadal por meio de análises macroscópicas (escala de maturação) e microscópicas (histologia). Foram determinados a razão sexual, a duração média da primeira maturação sexual e o tipo de desova. Foi registrado crescimento alométrico negativo para ambos os sexos, indicando maior aumento no comprimento do que no peso, sendo que o comprimento variou de 11 a 31.8 cm e a proporção sexual foi de 1 macho:1.5 fêmea. Foram observados indivíduos em todos os estágios de maturação durante todo o ano, com predomínio de indivíduos em capacidade reprodutiva e picos reprodutivos em janeiro, abril e maio, indicando que a espécie apresenta desovas múltiplas. O comprimento na primeira maturidade sexual (L50) para as fêmeas foi de 18.41 cm e para os machos foi de 18.91 cm. O conhecimento do tamanho médio na maturidade sexual pode ajudar a definir regulamentos apropriados para a pesca, garantindo que os indivíduos tenham a oportunidade de se reproduzir pelo menos uma vez antes de serem capturados. pesqueiros economia objetivouse objetivou Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758 amazônica Maranhense 36 RaposaMA Raposa MA 2021 escala histologia. histologia . (histologia) sexos peso 318 31 8 31. macho1.5 macho15 macho 1.5 5 macho:1. fêmea ano maio múltiplas L50 L (L50 1841 18 41 18.4 1891 91 18.9 capturados 175 3 202 (histologia macho1 macho1. 15 1. macho:1 L5 (L5 184 4 18. 189 9 17 20 macho: (L 2

Abstract The study of reproductive biology is an important tool in identifying protective measures to preserve fish stocks, providing essential data for a reliable management system that ensures a balance between the environment and the economy. This study aims to analyze the first sexual maturity and type of spawning of the fish Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Amazon coast, specifically in the Gulf Maranhense region. 360 specimens were obtained from commercial fishing activity in the community of Raposa-MA during the period from January to December 2021. Biometric data were recorded, and the gonadal maturation stages were determined through macro (maturation scale) and microscopic (histology) analyzes. Sex ratio, mean length of first sexual maturation and type of spawning were determined. Negative allometric growth was recorded for both sexes, indicating a greater increase in length than in weight, and the length varied from 11 to 31.8 cm and the sex ratio was 1 male:1.5 female. Individuals in all stages of maturation were observed throughout the year, with a predominance of individuals in spawning capacity and reproductive peaks in January, April and May, indicating that the species presents multiple spawning. The length at first sexual maturity (L50) for females was 18.41 cm and for males was 18.91 cm. Knowledge of the mean size at sexual maturity can help define appropriate regulations for fishing, ensuring that individuals have the opportunity to reproduce at least once before being captured. stocks economy Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758 coast region 36 RaposaMA Raposa MA 2021 scale histology (histology analyzes sexes weight 318 31 8 31. male1.5 male15 male 1.5 5 male:1. female year May L50 L (L50 1841 18 41 18.4 1891 91 18.9 captured 175 3 202 male1 male1. 15 1. male:1 L5 (L5 184 4 18. 189 9 17 20 male: (L 2

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi espacializar as operações de pesca esportiva e avaliar a frequência de uso das áreas de pesca no estado do Amazonas, combinando a abordagem do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) e informações disponíveis nos documentos enviados ao Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM). As informações sobre as operações de turismo de pesca esportiva foram coletadas na base de dados do IPAAM e dos Certificados de Registro de Pesca (CRPs). A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise descritiva e a espacialização dos locais foi realizada por meio do software Q-GIS. De 2002 a agosto de 2021, foram feitas 163 solicitações de CRP. Houve uma diminuição na quantidade de primeiras solicitações de CRP, com pico em 2018 e 2019, N=17 e N=18, respectivamente. A atividade é realizada em 24 municípios, sendo Barcelos (31,36%) e Presidente Figueiredo (17,75%) os mais populares. Em nível de sub-bacias, a pesca esportiva está presente principalmente nas bacias dos rios Negro, Amazonas, Aripuanã, Madeira, Purus e Solimões. No geral, 26,38% das operações ocorrem em áreas de conservação, especificamente em Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (RDS). Barcelos registou o maior número de rios utilizados, com 15 rios. Esses resultados podem subsidiar propostas futuras para a gestão sustentável da pesca por meio do zoneamento das áreas de pesca no estado do Amazonas. SIG (SIG IPAAM. . (IPAAM) CRPs. CRPs (CRPs) QGIS. QGIS Q GIS. GIS Q-GIS 200 2021 16 CRP 201 2019 N17 N 17 N=1 N18 18 N=18 respectivamente 2 municípios 31,36% 3136 31 36 (31,36% 17,75% 1775 75 (17,75% populares subbacias, subbacias sub bacias, sub-bacias Negro Aripuanã Madeira Solimões geral 2638 26 38 26,38 conservação RDS. RDS (RDS) utilizados 1 (IPAAM (CRPs 20 202 N1 N= 31,36 313 3 (31,36 17,75 177 7 (17,75 263 26,3 (RDS 31,3 (31,3 17,7 (17,7 26, 31, (31, 17, (17, (31 (17 (3 (1 (

Abstract The objective of this study was to spatialize sport fishing operations and assess the frequency of the use of the fishing areas in the state of Amazonas by combining the Geographic Information System (GIS) approach and information available in the documents sent to the Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM). Information on sport fishing tourism operations was gathered from the IPAAM database and fishing licenses (FLs). Data analysis was conducted utilizing descriptive analysis, and the spatialization of the locations was performed using Q-GIS software. From 2002 to August 2021, 163 requests for FLs were made. There was a decrease in the amount of first time FL requests, with a peak in 2018 and 2019, N=17 and N=18, respectively. The activity is conducted in 24 municipalities, with Barcelos (31.36%) and Presidente Figueiredo (17.75%) being the most popular. At the sub-basin level, sport fishing is notably present in the Negro, Amazonas, Aripuanã, Madeira, Purus and Solimões River basins. Overall, 26.38% of operations take place in conservation areas, specifically in sustainable development reserves (SDRs). Barcelos recorded the largest number of rivers used, with 15 rivers. These results can support future proposals for the sustainable management of fisheries through the zoning of fishing areas in the state of Amazonas. GIS (GIS IPAAM. . (IPAAM) FLs. (FLs) QGIS Q software 200 2021 16 made 201 2019 N17 N 17 N=1 N18 18 N=18 respectively 2 municipalities 31.36% 3136 31 36 (31.36% 17.75% 1775 75 (17.75% popular subbasin sub basin level Negro Aripuanã Madeira basins Overall 2638 26 38 26.38 SDRs. SDRs (SDRs) used 1 (IPAAM (FLs 20 202 N1 N= 31.36 313 3 (31.36 17.75 177 7 (17.75 263 26.3 (SDRs 31.3 (31.3 17.7 (17.7 26. 31. (31. 17. (17. (31 (17 (3 (1 (

Resumen: El propósito general de esta investigación cualitativa con diseño etnográfico es mostrar los desafíos que enfrenta la comunidad zapoteca de pescadores de Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). De manera específica, se pretende explicar el estado que presentan los ODS y sus metas más significativas, además de conocer la percepción de la población respecto a sus fortalezas y problemáticas relevantes. Se encontró que, si a pesar de las limitaciones presentes, el estimable capital humano, social y natural disponible se emplea acertadamente, el futuro puede ser promisorio.

Abstract: The general purpose of this qualitative research with ethnographic design is to show the challenges faced by the Zapotec fishing community of Playa Vicente, Oaxaca, in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, it is intended to explain the status of the SDGs and their most significant aims, in addition to knowing the perception of the population regarding their strengths and relevant problems. It was found that if, despite the present limitations, the considerable human, social and natural capital available is used wisely, the future could be promising.

Abstract Introduction: The diversity of fish species in the Amazonian foothills of Ecuador includes moderate-sized species adapted to living in fast flowing, well-oxygenated, stony-bed rivers. These species are still important for subsistence fishing. However, current studies of the ethnoichthyology of indigenous communities settled in the upper watersheds of the main Amazonian tributaries of Ecuador are still incipient. Objective: To characterize the ichthyological richness and the family fishing system of the Kichwa CEPLOA community, in the upper Ecuadorian Amazon. Methods: In 2020 we did a fish an inventory of in the Oglán river, mainly with cast net, and interviewed 18 community members about the family fishing system. Results: We recorded seventeen fish species, with a predominance of Characidae, Loricariidae and Cichlidae, all of them characteristic of well-conserved Amazonian foothill rivers. Local fishermen practice subsistence fishing with cast nets and hooks (mean 1,5kg of fish per catch). The anglers perceive a reduction in the diversity and abundance of fish fauna as well as in their sizes compared to the last decade, possible from the increase in fishing operations and the use of unsustainable catching techniques. Conclusion: The local 17 fish species are typical of well-preserved Amazonian foothill rivers. Local subsistence fishermen reported reduced diversity, abundance, and size of fish, attributed to increased fishing activities and unsustainable catching methods. Internal regulation may reduce the problem.

Resumen Introducción: La diversidad de especies de peces en las estribaciones amazónicas de Ecuador incluye especies de tamaño moderado adaptadas a vivir en ríos de lecho pedregoso, de rápido flujo y bien oxigenados. Estas especies siguen siendo importantes para la pesca de subsistencia. Sin embargo, los estudios actuales sobre la etnoictiología de las comunidades indígenas asentadas en las cuencas altas de los principales afluentes amazónicos de Ecuador aún son incipientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar la riqueza ictiológica y el sistema de pesca familiar de la comunidad Kichwa CEPLOA, en la Amazonia ecuatoriana alta. Métodos: En 2020 elaboramos un inventario de peces en el río Oglán, principalmente con redes de lanzamiento, y entrevistamos a 18 miembros de la comunidad sobre el sistema de pesca familiar. Resultados: Registramos 17 especies de peces, con predominio de las familias Characidae, Loricariidae y Cichlidae, todas características de ríos bien conservados en las estribaciones amazónicas. Los pescadores locales practican la pesca de subsistencia con redes de lanzamiento y anzuelos (promedio 1,5kg de pescado por captura). Los pescadores perciben una disminución en la diversidad y abundancia de la fauna de peces, así como en sus tamaños, en comparación con la última década, posiblemente debido al aumento de las operaciones de pesca y al uso de técnicas de captura insostenibles. Conclusión: Las 17 especies de peces locales son típicas de ríos bien conservados en las estribaciones amazónicas. Los pescadores locales de subsistencia informaron una reducción en la diversidad, abundancia y tamaño de los peces, atribuida al aumento de las actividades de pesca y a métodos de captura insostenibles. Una regulación interna podría reducir el problema.

ABSTRACT Background. The Sontecomapan Lagoon is a protected natural area and is part of the Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve on the south coast of the State of Veracruz, with significant fishing productivity and little ecological knowledge about its fish community. Objectives. Analyze space-time variations in diversity, richness, abundance, dominant species, community inhabitants, fish assemblages, and trophic groups. Methods. The fish collections were made between 2014 and 2020, in 10 stations with a trawl net. The sampling effort was validated using non-parametric estimators. Analysis of variance was used to indicate statistically significant differences in community ecological parameters between sites and months. Canonical correspondence analysis (ACC) was performed to determine species-habitat relationships. Results. Fifty species, 35 genera and 23 families were identified, with 2 new records, Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) and Pomadasys ramosus (Poey, 1860) and 2 dominant species, Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, 1829) and Cathorops aguadulce (Meek, 1904). The diversity values (H´ = 0.84 to 2.07, D = 2.36 to 3.83, J´= 0.26 to 0.64) and abundance (density = 0.009 to 0.035 ind./m2, biomass = 0.105 to 0.044 g/m2, average weight = 5.91 to 16.72 g/ind), are considered low compared to other similar coastal systems. The spatial and temporal fluctuations of these parameters are related to the life cycles of the species present and with the environmental dynamics of the system. The ACC analysis indicated that fish assemblages are determined by changes in salinity, transparency, and depth. Conclusion. The ecological information analyzed represents a broad frame of reference for a little-studied coastal area that requires management and conservation strategies for its biotic resources.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. La Laguna de Sontecomapan es un Área Natural Protegida y forma parte de la Reserva de la Biosfera Los Tuxtlas en la costa sur del Estado de Veracruz, con productividad pesquera y escaso conocimiento ecológico sobre su comunidad de peces. Objetivos. Analizar las variaciones espacio temporales de diversidad, riqueza, abundancia, especies dominantes, componentes comunitarios, conjuntos de peces y grupos tróficos. Métodos. Las recolectas de los peces se realizaron entre 2014 y 2020, en 10 estaciones con una red de arrastre. El esfuerzo de muestreo se validó utilizando estimadores no-paramétricos. Se utilizó análisis de varianza para indicar diferencias estadísticas significativas de los parámetros ecológicos de la comunidad entre sitios y meses. Se realizó análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC) para determinar las relaciones especie-hábitat. Resultados. Se identificaron 50 especies, 35 géneros y 23 familias, con 2 nuevos registros, Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782) y Pomadasys ramosus (Poey, 1860) y 2 especies dominantes, Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, 1829) y Cathorops aguadulce (Meek, 1904). Los valores de diversidad (H´ = 0.84 a 2.07, D = 2.36 a 3.83, J´= 0.26 a 0.64) y abundancia (densidad = 0.009 a 0.035 ind./m2, biomasa = 0.105 a 0.044 g/m2, peso promedio = 5.91 a 16.72 g/ind), se consideran bajos comparados con otros sistemas similares. Las fluctuaciones espaciales y temporales de estos parámetros tienen relación con los ciclos de vida de las especies presentes y con la dinámica ambiental del sistema. El análisis ACC indicó que los conjuntos de peces están determinados por los cambios de salinidad, transparencia y profundidad. Conclusión. La información ecológica analizada representa un amplio marco de referencia para un área costera poco estudiada que requiere estrategias de manejo y conservación para sus recursos bióticos.

ABSTRACT Biological invasions have unequivocally demonstrated to be one of the main global causes of biodiversity detriment. The objective of the research consisted in proposing a system of socio-cultural activities in the fishing villages of Isabela de Sagua and Caibarién, in the province of Villa Clara Cuba, to contribute to the knowledge of Invasive Alien Species, and their undesirable effects on Cuban marine ecosystems and on human health and in particular on the species Pterois volitans, known as lionfish. For the effective development of this research, information gathering and processing methods were used to approach the multilateral study of the research object. The research represented a novel way of appropriating new knowledge about the species P. volitans on the part of the inhabitants of these fishing villages. In the interviews conducted, it was found that some villagers had some knowledge about the lionfish, but not about the harmful effects that this animal can cause to Cuban marine ecosystems and human health. It is concluded that the lionfish invasion is a reminder of how a foreign species can become established and cause harmful effects.

RESUMEN Las invasiones biológicas han demostrado de forma inequívoca ser una de las primordiales causas mundiales del detrimento de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en proponer un sistema de actividades socioculturales en los poblados pesqueros de Isabela de Sagua y Caibarién, en la provincia de Villa Clara Cuba, para contribuir al conocimiento de las Especies Exóticas Invasoras, y sus efectos indeseables a los ecosistemas marinos cubanos y a la salud humana y en particular de la especie Pterois volitans, conocida como Pez León. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, se emplearon métodos de recopilación de información y procesamiento de estas. La investigación representó una manera novedosa de apropiarse de nuevos conocimientos sobre la especie P. volitans por parte de los habitantes de dichos poblados pesqueros. En las entrevistas realizadas, se pudo constatar que algunos pobladores poseían ciertos conocimientos sobre el Pez León, no así de los efectos nocivos que puede provocar este animal a los ecosistemas marinos cubanos y a la salud humana. Se concluye que la invasión del Pez León es un recordatorio de cómo una especie foránea puede establecerse y provocar efectos nocivos.

ABSTRACT Background. Coastal environments such as the intertidal zone and rocky and coral reefs are exposed to natural disturbances such as tides, storms, hurricanes, and cyclones and human activities such as fishing, tourism, and pollution. The deep reef refuge hypothesis posits that organisms that can inhabit greater depths would be less vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts, greenhouse warming of the sea surface, and ocean acidification caused by the increased partial pressure of CO2. Consequently, deep rocky or coral reefs can function as “insurance” against the effects of climate change. Objective. To analyse biotic and abiotic variables of the mesophotic ecosystem of Archipelago Espíritu Santo to assess it as a refuge against climate change-related disturbances. Methods. Bathymetry, profiles of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen; determination of the euphotic zone, sampling in shallow and deep waters collecting water for analysis of carbonate system, video transects with remotely operated vehicles for the identification of benthic species and estimation of their abundance including those of commercial importance or conservation. Calculation of ecological indices and the reef-functional index. Results. Deepest recorded point was 78m, shallowest mesophotic zone was 11m. Temperature does not show a stratification either in April or in October 2021, but the salinity registers a peak near 30 m depth, and the dissolved oxygen decreases at 20 m. Ω Aragonite is below 3.0; there is spatial variation in the structural indices of the benthic community, and the reef-functional index is between 0.16 and 0.65. Conclusions. There are sharp spatial variations within the same locality, limiting the assertion that mesophotic ecosystems can serve as a refuge from climate change.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Los ambientes costeros como la zona entremareal y los arrecifes rocosos y coralinos están expuestos a perturbaciones naturales como las mareas, tormentas, huracanes y ciclones y actividades humanas como la pesca, turismo y contaminación. La hipótesis del refugio profundo postula que los organismos que pueden habitar a mayores profundidades serían menos vulnerables a los impactos antropogénicos, el calentamiento superficial del mar derivado del efecto invernadero y a la acidificación del océano provocada por el incremento en la presión parcial de CO2. En consecuencia, los arrecifes rocosos o coralinos profundos podrían funcionar como un “seguro” contra los efectos del cambio climático. Objetivos. Analizar variables abióticas y bióticas del ecosistema mesofótico del archipiélago Espíritu Santo, BCS para considerarlo como refugio ante perturbaciones relacionadas con el cambio climático. Métodos. Batimetría, determinación de la zona euofótica, perfiles de temperatura, salinidad y oxígeno disuelto, muestreos en aguas someras y profundas, recolección de agua para análisis del sistema de carbonatos, videotransectos con vehículos de operación remota para la identificación de especies bénticas y estimación de su abundancia, incluyendo las de importancia comercial o de conservación. Cálculo de índices ecológicos y del índice de función arrecifal. Resultados. La profundidad máxima registrada fue de 78 m y el inicio de la zona mesofótica (10% de penetración luminosa) más somero fue de 11 m; la temperatura no muestra una estratificación ni en abril ni en octubre de 2021, pero la salinidad registra un pico cerca de los 30 m de profundidad y el oxígeno disuelto disminuye a los 20 m. La Ω aragonita está por debajo de 3.0; hay variación espacial en los índices estructurales de la comunidad béntica y el índice de función arrecifal se encuentra entre 0.16 y 0.65. Conclusiones. Hay variaciones espaciales que limitan afirmar que el ecosistema mesofótico pueda servir de refugio ante el cambio climático en esta localidad.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los factores biológicos de los elasmobranquios más comunes en Bahía Santa Elena, en el Área de Conservación Guanacaste en el Pacifico norte de Costa Rica. Debido a un vacío de información científica marino-costera que origina un fallo del sistema de manejo, no hay enfoque de resiliencia en las poblaciones sujeto de conservación. Se utilizó el método de muestreo mensual desde septiembre de 2015 hasta agosto de 2016. Mediante censo subacuático, uso de un trasmallo y visita en los puestos de recibo de pescado de Cuajiniquil se determinó la diversidad, abundancia relativa, distribución de las especies, aspectos biométricos, biología reproductiva y estructura de tallas de captura; también se aplicó una encuesta a 120 pescadores para conocer la percepción social en factores del desarrollo sostenible. Se trabajó con una muestra de 289 individuos que dio como resultado que los meses de mayor precipitación se relacionan con picos de los índices de diversidad, con poca distribución espacial, donde se presenta un remplazo estacional de especies, entre las que destaca el arribo de Rhinopterasteindachneri, Mobulamunkiana, durante los meses lluviosos y Mustelushenlei junto con Sphyrnalewini durante los vientos alisios. El periodo de desove principal para Myliobatiformes se ubica antes de diciembre, pero Urotrygonnana presenta un segundo periodo en julio. Se concluye que la biometría indica un mayor número de organismos juveniles para tiburones y adultos para rayas. La pesca con trasmallo de fondo se caracterizó por bajo rendimiento económico, lo que incide en la captura de juveniles de S. lewini, y este ingreso económico no se beneficia de los bienes naturales intangibles presentes en BSE que son patrimonio del Estado.

Abstract This article analyzes the biological factors of the most common elasmobranchs in Bahía Santa Elena, in the Guanacaste Conservation Area in the north Pacific of Costa Rica. Due to a lack of marine-coastal scientific information there is a system failure of management, leaving without a resilience approach to the populations subject to conservation. The monthly sampling method was used from September 2015 to August 2016, diversity, relative abundance, species distribution, biometric aspects, reproductive biology and catch size structure were determined by means of an underwater census, the use of a trammel net and a visit to the Cuajiniquil fish reception posts. A survey was applied to 120 fishermen to know the social perception regarding the factors of sustainable development. I worked with a sample of 289 individuals, among the main results, it was obtained that the months with the highest rainfall are related to peaks of the diversity indices, with little spatial distribution. A seasonal replacement of species is presented, highlightingthe arrival of Rhinopterasteindachneri, Mobulamunkiana, during the rainy months and Mustelushenlei and Sphyrnalewini during the Trade Winds. The main spawning period for Myliobatiformes is located before December, however Urotrygonnana presents a second period in July. It is concluded that biometry indicates a greater number of juvenile organisms for sharks and adults for rays, bottom gillnet fishing was characterized by low economic performance, which affects the capture of juveniles of S. lewini, this economic income does not benefit from the intangible natural assets present in BSE that are State assets.

ABSTRACT: Spirorchidiasis is one of the most common diseases in green turtles. Eggs and the adult form of trematodes are mainly found in the heart, liver, lung, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract. The present study aimed to describe the pathological aspects of Spirorchiidae trematode infection in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro. The current study was based on the necropsy of 99 green turtles (Chelonia mydas, Chelonidae) from April to December 2021. Epidemiological data were obtained from the Aquatic Biota Monitoring Information System (SIMBA). A histopathological examination was performed at the “Setor de Anatomia Patológica” (SAP) from “Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro” (UFRuralRJ). Tissue fragments (buccal papilla, esophagus, trachea, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, stomach, liver, spleen, intestines, gonads, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, salt glands, muscle, and skin) were sampled for histological examination. The green turtles had lesions compatible with parasitic infection in 89% (88/99) cases. Out of 88 turtles, 87 were juveniles (99%), 75% (66/88) were females, and 25% (22/88) were males. Adult parasites and their eggs were found to cause granulomatous tissue reactions in 14% (12/88) of turtles. Egg-associated granulomatous inflammation was found in 86% (76/88) of the turtles. The organs with the highest number of egg-associated granulomas in order of occurrence were: the spleen, small intestine, adrenal gland, pancreas, and lungs. The adult trematodes were observed in histological lesions in order of occurrence, mainly in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Out of the total number of turtles parasitized, 33% (29/88) of deaths occurred due to multiple causes such as fractures, interaction with fishing, predation, and fibropapillomas. The other 67% (59/88) presented multisystemic granulomatous disease caused by Spirorchiidae infection as a cause of death. Evidence is presented that spirorchidiasis is highly prevalent in young green turtles, is responsible for extensive chronic lesions, and responsible for significant debilitation and mortality. ABSTRACT heart liver lung spleen tract Chelonia mydas Basin Janeiro 9 Chelonidae 2021 SIMBA. SIMBA . (SIMBA) Setor Patológica SAP (SAP Universidade UFRuralRJ. UFRuralRJ (UFRuralRJ) buccal papilla esophagus trachea kidney bladder stomach intestines gonads thyroid pancreas glands muscle skin 89 88/99 8899 (88/99 cases 8 99%, 99% , (99%) 75 66/88 6688 66 (66/88 females 25 22/88 2288 22 (22/88 males 14 12/88 1288 12 (12/88 Eggassociated Egg associated 86 76/88 7688 76 (76/88 eggassociated egg intestine gland lungs parasitized 33 29/88 2988 29 (29/88 fractures fishing predation fibropapillomas 67 59/88 5988 59 (59/88 death mortality 202 (SIMBA (UFRuralRJ 88/9 889 (88/9 (99% 7 66/8 668 6 (66/8 2 22/8 228 (22/8 1 12/8 128 (12/8 76/8 768 (76/8 3 29/8 298 (29/8 59/8 598 5 (59/8 20 88/ (88/ (99 66/ (66/ 22/ (22/ 12/ (12/ 76/ (76/ 29/ (29/ 59/ (59/ (88 (9 (66 (22 (12 (76 (29 (59 (8 ( (6 (2 (1 (7 (5

RESUMO: A espirorquidíase é uma das doenças mais comuns em tartarugas verdes. Os ovos e a forma adulta dos trematódeos são encontrados principalmente no coração, fígado, pulmão, baço e trato gastrointestinal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever os aspectos patológicos da infecção por trematódeos Spirorchiidae em tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) na Bacia de Campos, Rio de Janeiro. O presente trabalho foi baseado na necropsia de 99 tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas, Chelonidae) no período de abril a dezembro de 2021. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Monitoramento da Biota Aquática (SIMBA). Realizou-se exame histopatológico no Setor de anatomia Patológica (SAP) da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ). Os fragmentos de tecidos (papila bucal, esôfago, traqueia, pulmão, coração, rim, bexiga, estômago, fígado, baço, intestinos, gônadas, adrenal, tireoides, pâncreas, glândulas de sal, músculo e pele) foram coletados e fixados em formalina a 10% tamponada, processados rotineiramente para exame histológico. Em 89% (88/99) dos casos, as tartarugas-verdes apresentaram lesões compatíveis com infecção parasitária. Das 88 tartarugas, 87 eram jovens (99%), 75% (66/88) correspondiam a fêmeas, 25% (22/88) a machos. Em 14% (12/88) das tartarugas foram encontrados parasitas adultos e seus ovos causando inflamação granulomatosa. Em 86,4% (76/88) das tartarugas foram encontradas lesões granulomatosas associadas aos ovos dos trematódeos. Os órgãos com maior quantidade de granulomas associados a ovos foram: baço, intestino delgado, adrenal, pâncreas e pulmões. Trematódeos adultos foram principalmente observados nas lesões histológicas, em ordem de ocorrência, no esôfago, estômago e intestino delgado. Do total de tartarugas parasitadas, 33% (29/88) das mortes ocorreram em consequência de múltiplas causas como fraturas, interação com pesca, predação e fibropapilomas. As outras 67% (59/88) apresentaram como causa de morte a doença granulomatosa multissistêmica causada pela infecção por trematódeo da família Spirorchiidae. São apresentadas evidências de que a espiroquidiase é altamente prevalente em tartarugas verdes jovens no Rio de Janeiro, responsável por extensas lesões crônicas, quadro clínico de debilidade e mortalidade significativas. RESUMO coração fígado pulmão gastrointestinal Chelonia mydas Campos 9 Chelonidae 2021 SIMBA. SIMBA . (SIMBA) Realizouse Realizou se SAP (SAP UFRuralRJ. UFRuralRJ (UFRuralRJ) papila bucal esôfago traqueia rim bexiga intestinos gônadas adrenal tireoides sal pele 10 tamponada histológico 89 88/99 8899 (88/99 casos tartarugasverdes parasitária 8 99%, 99% , (99%) 75 66/88 6688 66 (66/88 fêmeas 25 22/88 2288 22 (22/88 machos 14 12/88 1288 12 (12/88 864 86 4 86,4 76/88 7688 76 (76/88 delgado pulmões histológicas ocorrência parasitadas 33 29/88 2988 29 (29/88 fraturas pesca fibropapilomas 67 59/88 5988 59 (59/88 crônicas significativas 202 (SIMBA (UFRuralRJ 1 88/9 889 (88/9 (99% 7 66/8 668 6 (66/8 2 22/8 228 (22/8 12/8 128 (12/8 86, 76/8 768 (76/8 3 29/8 298 (29/8 59/8 598 5 (59/8 20 88/ (88/ (99 66/ (66/ 22/ (22/ 12/ (12/ 76/ (76/ 29/ (29/ 59/ (59/ (88 (9 (66 (22 (12 (76 (29 (59 (8 ( (6 (2 (1 (7 (5

Abstract Every activity that involves exploitation of natural resources, such as fishing, needs to be organized and conducted based on information from monitoring programs to allow continuous evaluation. With the increasing fishing pressure in Brazil, the understanding of the importance of fisheries monitoring programs and how they can inform and assist in conservation decision-making remains limited. Based on the literature on fisheries and participatory conservation, we call attention to the need to generate information on the national fisheries sector in order to improve fisheries in the country. Given the context of the need to generate information on fishing stocks under exploitation, as well as to identify potential alternative fisheries and carry out various sectoral analyses in compliance with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, we present and discuss in the present paper the lack of a system of continuous fishing monitoring in Brazil and its effects on the fisheries sustainability in the country. resources evaluation decisionmaking decision making limited country 203 Development 20 2

Resumo Toda atividade que atua envolvendo a exploração de recursos naturais, como a pesca, precisa ser organizada e conduzida com base nas informações dos programas de monitoramento para permitir uma avaliação contínua. Com o aumento da pressão pesqueira no Brasil, o entendimento da importância dos programas de monitoramento da pesca e como eles podem informar e auxiliar na tomada de decisões de conservação permanece limitado. Com base na literatura sobre pesca e conservação participativa, chamamos a atenção para a necessidade de gerar informações sobre o setor pesqueiro nacional para melhorar a pesca no país. Dado o contexto da necessidade de gerar informações sobre os estoques pesqueiros em exploração, bem como identificar potenciais alternativas de pesca e realizar diversas análises setoriais em conformidade com a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, é apresentada e discutida no presente trabalho a falta de um sistema de monitoramento contínuo da pesca no Brasil e seus efeitos na sustentabilidade da pesca no país. naturais contínua limitado participativa país 203 Sustentável 20 2

Abstract: Aim The present study investigated the social impacts caused by the construction of a large hydropower dam (Lajeado Dam) on artisanal fishers in the Middle Tocantins River, evaluating how the impoundment affected fishing techniques (locations, transport and gears), operation (income, effort and costs), and fisher’s well-being. Methods The study interviewed 30 artisanal fishers (Colony Z-04, Porto Nacional, TO) between August and October 2018 with the application of a structured questionnaire. Results Results indicated that fishing is socially important as a source of income and occupation, carried out essentially by men with low levels of formal education. Fishers reported, however, significant changes in the fishery system after the impoundment of the Tocantins River. The main fishing area was maintained, but fishers abandoned some sites. There were significant changes in fishing equipment, with an increase in the use of aluminum boats and outboard engines, and a reduction in the use of various gears, replaced by the use of gillnets. Almost all fishers (96.6%) declared that fishing effort and the financial costs increased after damming. Many also reported an increase in financial income (70%), but part reported a decrease, no change or could not say. The majority reported that the impoundment damaged the fishing activity (80%) and their well-being (individual and their families; 83.3%); dissatisfaction with the profession also increased. Conclusions Results indicated that the impoundment created by Lajeado Dam impacted several aspects of artisanal fisheries in the Middle Tocantins, with a wide perception of damage, which indicates that working conditions of fishers have declined. This information is relevant and can support fisheries management in the Tocantins River Basin, in order to balance societal demands with sustainability goals and fisher’s needs. Abstract locations, locations (locations gears , gears) income, (income costs, costs) fisher s wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being 3 Colony Z04, Z04 Z 04, 04 Z-04 Nacional TO 201 questionnaire occupation education however maintained sites equipment engines gillnets 96.6% 966 96 6 (96.6% damming 70%, 70 70% (70%) decrease say 80% 80 (80% individual families 83.3% 833 83 83.3%) damage declined Basin needs Z0 0 Z-0 20 96.6 9 (96.6 7 (70% 8 (80 83.3 Z- 2 96. (96. (70 (8 83. (96 (7 ( (9

Resumo: Objetivo O presente estudo investigou os impactos sociais causados pela construção de uma grande barragem hidrelétrica (barragem de Lajeado) sobre os pescadores artesanais que atuam no Médio Rio Tocantins, avaliando como o represamento do rio afetou as técnicas de pesca (locais, transporte e petrechos), sua condução (geração de renda, esforço e custos) e o bem-estar dos pescadores. Métodos O estudo entrevistou 30 pescadores artesanais (Colônia Z-04, Porto Nacional, TO) entre agosto e outubro de 2018 com a aplicação de um questionário estruturado. Resultados Os resultados indicaram que a pesca tem grande relevância social como fonte de renda e geração de emprego, exercida essencialmente por homens com baixo nível de escolaridade. No entanto, os pescadores relataram mudanças significativas na atividade pesqueira após o represamento do rio Tocantins. A principal área de pesca foi mantida, mas os pescadores abandonaram alguns locais. Houve mudança notável nos equipamentos de pesca, com aumento significativo no uso de barco de alumínio e motor, redução no uso de diversos petrechos, e aumento no emprego de malhadeiras. Quase todos os pescadores (96%) declararam aumento no tempo gasto com a pesca e no custo financeiro envolvido. A maioria também afirmou aumento da renda financeira (70%), embora parte tenha relatado diminuição, ausência de alteração ou não soube dizer. A grande maioria relatou que o represamento prejudicou a atividade pesqueira (80%) e seu bem estar (individual e de sua família; 83.3%); também houve aumento na insatisfação com a profissão. Conclusões Os resultados indicaram que o represamento da usina de Lajeado impactou diversos componentes da pesca artesanal no Médio Tocantins, com ampla percepção de prejuízo, o que indica piora nas condições de trabalho dos pescadores. Essas informações são relevantes para o ordenamento e gestão pesqueira na bacia do Rio Tocantins, no intuito de equilibrar as demandas da sociedade com metas de sustentabilidade e necessidades dos pescadores. Resumo Tocantins locais, locais (locais petrechos , petrechos) custos bemestar 3 Colônia Z04, Z04 Z 04, 04 Z-04 Nacional TO 201 estruturado escolaridade entanto mantida motor malhadeiras 96% 96 (96% envolvido 70%, 70 70% (70%) diminuição dizer 80% 80 (80% individual família 83.3% 833 83 83.3%) profissão prejuízo Z0 0 Z-0 20 9 (96 7 (70% 8 (80 83.3 Z- 2 (9 (70 (8 83. ( (7

Abstract Introduction: artisanal fishing and shellfish gathering are considered special activities under the Brazilian general social security system for the purposes of social security benefits. Objective: to describe the access to social security benefits for a traditional fishing quilombola community in northeastern Brazil, whose main occupational activity is shellfish extraction and processing. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in a community from Ilha da Maré, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Results: 213 fishermen (76.5% female) participated in the study, of which 62.9% did not receive social benefits. Although most participants undergoing an exhausting working hours (90.9%), with exposure to chemicals (83.9%), noise (69.9%) and solar radiation (88.2%), the majority of them do not earn an income that guarantees their family’s subsistence (79.6%). Conclusion: there is an important deficit in social security benefits access for a traditional quilombola population that meets the criteria for special insurance. Legislation must be adapted to ensure fairer access to social benefits for this population. Introduction Objective Brazil processing Methods crosssectional cross sectional Maré Salvador Bahia Results 21 76.5% 765 76 5 (76.5 female 629 62 9 62.9 90.9%, 909 90.9% , 90 (90.9%) 83.9%, 839 83.9% 83 (83.9%) 69.9% 699 69 (69.9% 88.2%, 882 88.2% 88 2 (88.2%) familys family s 79.6%. 796 79.6% . 79 6 (79.6%) Conclusion insurance 76.5 7 (76. 62. 90.9 (90.9% 83.9 8 (83.9% 69.9 (69.9 88.2 (88.2% 79.6 (79.6% 76. (76 90. (90.9 83. (83.9 69. (69. 88. (88.2 79. (79.6 (7 (90. (83. (69 (88. (79. ( (90 (83 (6 (88 (79 (9 (8

Resumo Introdução: a pesca artesanal e a mariscagem são consideradas atividades especiais, para fins de benefícios, no âmbito do Regime Geral de Previdência Social do Brasil. Objetivo: descrever o acesso aos benefícios previdenciários por uma população quilombola tradicional pesqueira no Nordeste do Brasil, cuja principal atividade ocupacional é a extração e beneficiamento de mariscos. Métodos: estudo transversal, descritivo, em uma comunidade da Ilha da Maré, em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, utilizando questionários padronizados. Resultados: participaram 213 pescadores artesanais e marisqueiras, 76,5% do sexo feminino. Dentre os participantes, 62,9% não recebem nenhum tipo de benefício previdenciário. Apesar de se submeter a uma jornada de trabalho exaustiva (90,9%), com exposição a substâncias químicas (83,9%), ruído (69,9%) e radiação solar (88,2%), a maioria não obtém rendimentos que garantam a subsistência familiar (79,6%). Conclusão: há um importante déficit no recebimento de benefícios previdenciários em uma população quilombola tradicional que atende aos critérios de segurados especiais. Sugere-se adequação da legislação, de forma que o acesso aos benefícios se torne mais justo para as comunidades tradicionais. Introdução especiais Brasil Objetivo mariscos Métodos transversal descritivo Maré Salvador Bahia entrevistas padronizados Resultados 21 marisqueiras 765 76 5 76,5 feminino participantes 629 62 9 62,9 previdenciário 90,9%, 909 90,9% , 90 (90,9%) 83,9%, 839 83,9% 83 (83,9%) 69,9% 699 69 (69,9% 88,2%, 882 88,2% 88 2 (88,2%) 79,6%. 796 79,6% . 79 6 (79,6%) Conclusão Sugerese Sugere legislação tradicionais 7 76, 62, 90,9 (90,9% 83,9 8 (83,9% 69,9 (69,9 88,2 (88,2% 79,6 (79,6% 90, (90,9 83, (83,9 69, (69, 88, (88,2 79, (79,6 (90, (83, (69 (88, (79, (90 (83 (6 (88 (79 (9 (8 ( (7