ABSTRACT The effect of a partial substitute of fish meal by biofloc meal on the growth and survival of fry Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was evaluated over nine weeks. Two biofloc meals were obtained by drying them in two processes: A) sun exposure and B) convection oven. A randomized design of eight isonitrogenous (40%) and isoenergetic (17 kJ g-1) diets was used, where 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the fish meal was substituted for the two biofloc meals. The nutritional study was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system with Nile tilapia fry (initial weight: 0.64 ± 0.16 g). The survival range was similar in all treatments and higher than 97%. Tilapia fed with the treatments A5, A10, B5, and B10 of substitution of biofloc meal showed similar and significantly better final weight, individual weight gain, specific growth rate, and condition factor than A15, A20, B15, and B20 treatments; as well as efficiency of use of the feed: protein efficiency ratio, carcass nitrogen deposition, apparent nitrogen utilization, and apparent digestibility. Therefore, these results suggest that biofloc meal is possible in diets for tilapia, thus reducing the need for fishmeal as the main source of protein in the diet.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of microalgae meal (Aurantiochytrium sp. and Nannochloropsis spp.) as a substitute for fish oil in the diet of shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared in a clear water system. In the diet of these animals, the concentration of fish oil decreased as microalgae meal was inserted, and these were used in five different substitutions: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The treatments were carried out in triplicate, and after 49 days of cultivation, the zootechnical parameters and the composition of fatty acids in the animals’ muscles were analyzed. In zootechnical performance, the shrimp obtained an average final weight of 16.59 ± 0.3 g, and the growth was approximately 1.89 ± 0.30 g week−1. In addition, feed conversion was, on average, 1.47 ± 0.28, and survival was greater than 97%. However, no significant difference was observed in these parameters. Regardless of the levels of fish oil replacement by microalgae meal, the composition of fatty acids in the shrimp muscle was ensured, as well as their quantity within groups, such as n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, with the results obtained in the present study, it is suggested that it is possible to formulate a high-performance diet without any ingredients of marine origin (fish oil or fish meal), contributing to aquaculture's sustainability.

Abstract 20. The growth of the aquaculture industry has been driven by the increasing global demand for food and concerns about the overexploitation of natural resources and environmental impact. To address these challenges, aquaculture has sought sustainable and innovative alternatives. In this context, the inclusion of insects, such as the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), in the diet of fish and crustaceans emerges as a promising solution due to their high protein, lipid, and mineral content. This review article discusses the role of Soldier Fly meal in aquaculture. It examines the economic, nutritional, and environmental benefits of meal in aquatic animal diets, as well as recent research results on proper dosage, growth quality, gut health, and nutrient availability in various aquaculture species. It is emphasized that Black Soldier Fly meal offers nutritional benefits comparable to fish meal, being a rich source of protein and lipids, and its inclusion in the diet of aquatic species such as fish and crustaceans has shown improvements in growth, health intestine and the quality of the final products. Despite these advantages, it is noted that complete replacement of fishmeal with insect meal is not the ultimate solution, as challenges related to regulation, mass insect rearing, and nutrient composition may arise. However, Black Soldier Fly meal stands out as a valuable alternative to diversify and improve feed sustainability in the aquaculture industry, contributing to food safety and care for the environment.

Resumen 16. El crecimiento de la industria acuícola ha sido impulsado por la creciente demanda global de alimentos y la preocupación por la sobreexplotación de recursos naturales y el impacto ambiental. Para abordar estos desafíos, la acuicultura ha buscado alternativas sostenibles e innovadoras. En este contexto, la inclusión de insectos, como la Mosca Soldado Negra (Hermetia illucens), en la dieta de peces y crustáceos surge como una solución prometedora debido a su alto contenido de proteínas, lípidos y minerales. Este artículo de revisión analiza el papel de la harina de larvas de Mosca Soldado Negra en la acuicultura. Examina los beneficios económicos, nutricionales y ambientales de la harina en la dieta de los animales acuáticos, así como los resultados de investigaciones recientes sobre dosificación adecuada, calidad de crecimiento, salud intestinal y disponibilidad de nutrientes en diversas especies acuícolas. Se enfatiza que la harina de larvas de la Mosca Soldado Negra ofrece beneficios nutricionales comparables a la harina de pescado, siendo una fuente rica en proteínas y lípidos, y su inclusión en la dieta de especies acuáticas como peces y crustáceos ha demostrado mejoras en el crecimiento, la salud intestinal y la calidad de los productos finales. A pesar de estas ventajas, se señala que la sustitución completa de la harina de pescado por la harina de insectos no es la solución definitiva, ya que pueden surgir desafíos relacionados con la regulación, la crianza masiva de insectos y la composición de nutrientes. Sin embargo, la harina de larvas de Mosca Soldado Negra se destaca como una alternativa valiosa para diversificar y mejorar la sostenibilidad de la alimentación en la industria acuícola, contribuyendo a la seguridad alimentaria y al cuidado del medio ambiente.

Abstract A one year feeding trial was conducted on carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) and Rohu (Labeo rohita) to find out appropriate level of fishmeal in diet and their effects on growth, survival and biomass in intensive polyculture. Three different inclusions of fishmeal were used in experimental diets (25%, 35% and 45%). Highest average daily growth was observed by 25% fish meal diet (2.18g, 2.19g and 2.34g for catla, rohu and mrigal respectively), whereas 35% fish meal based diet was next by showing 1.63g average daily growth for catla, 1.73g for rohu and 1.67g for mrigal. Mean values of monthly weight again and average daily growth showed significant differences among treatments. Growth was found to be higher in C. mrigala in case of 25% and 45% and L. rohita in case of 35% fish meal. Minimum FCR was obtained by 25% FM based diets as 3.53±0.41 followed by 45% (3.82±0.33) and 35% (4.05±0.45). The findings of this research trial determine the optimum dietary level of fishmeal and its effectiveness as an important ingredient in diets of Indian major carps. It is proved that a feed by the combination of animal and plant protein is much preferable by carps as compare to a feed with higher concentration of fish meal. ie i e i.e Cattla cattla, cattla , cattla) Cirhinus Labeo polyculture 25%, 25 (25% 35 45%. 45 . 45%) 2.18g, 218g g 2 18g (2.18g 219g 19g 234g 34g catla respectively, respectively respectively) 163g 1 63g 173g 73g 167g 67g treatments C L 353041 3 53 0 41 3.53±0.4 3.82±0.33 382033 82 33 (3.82±0.33 4.05±0.45. 405045 4.05±0.45 4 05 (4.05±0.45) (25 2.18g 35304 5 3.53±0. 3.82±0.3 38203 8 (3.82±0.3 40504 4.05±0.4 (4.05±0.45 (2 3530 3.53±0 3.82±0. 3820 (3.82±0. 4050 4.05±0. (4.05±0.4 ( 353 3.53± 3.82±0 382 (3.82±0 405 4.05±0 (4.05±0. 3.53 3.82± 38 (3.82± 40 4.05± (4.05±0 3.5 3.82 (3.82 4.05 (4.05± 3. 3.8 (3.8 4.0 (4.05 (3. 4. (4.0 (3 (4. (4

Resumo Um teste de alimentação de um ano foi realizado em carpas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Mrigal (Cirhinus mrigala) e Rohu (Labeo rohita) para descobrir o nível adequado de farinha de peixe na dieta e seus efeitos no crescimento, sobrevivência e biomassa em policultura intensiva. Três diferentes inclusões de farinha de peixe foram utilizadas nas dietas experimentais (25%, 35% e 45%). O maior crescimento médio diário foi observado pela dieta com 25% de farinha de peixe (2,18g, 2,19g e 2,34g para catla, rohu e mrigal, respectivamente), enquanto a dieta à base de farinha de peixe de 35% foi a próxima, mostrando um crescimento médio diário de 1,63g para catla, 1,73g para rohu e 1,67g para mrigal. Os valores médios de peso mensal novamente e crescimento médio diário apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. O crescimento foi maior em C. mrigala no caso de 25% e 45% e L. Rohita, no caso de 35% de farinha de peixe. A TCA mínima foi obtida por dietas à base de 25% FM como 3,53 ± 0,41 seguido por 45% (3,82 ± 0,33) e 35% (4,05 ± 0,45). Os resultados desta pesquisa determinam o nível ideal de farinha de peixe e sua eficácia como um ingrediente importante nas dietas das principais carpas indianas. Assim, demonstrando que uma ração com combinação de proteína animal e vegetal é preferível para as carpas do que uma ração com maior concentração de farinha de peixe. seja Cattla cattla, cattla , cattla) Cirhinus Labeo rohita intensiva 25%, 25 (25% 35 45%. 45 . 45%) 2,18g, 218g g 2 18g (2,18g 219g 19g 234g 34g catla mrigal respectivamente, respectivamente respectivamente) próxima 163g 1 63g 173g 73g 167g 67g tratamentos C L Rohita 353 3 53 3,5 041 0 41 0,4 3,82 382 82 (3,8 0,33 033 33 4,05 405 4 05 (4,0 0,45. 045 0,45 0,45) indianas Assim (25 2,18g 5 3, 04 0, 3,8 38 8 (3, 0,3 03 4,0 40 (4, (2 (3 4, (4 (

Abstract Taurine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid for fish, so its supplementation may improve feed conversion. This study evaluated the supplementation of taurine on growth performance, hematological and immunological parameters, production costs, and survival of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles raised in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). A control diet was formulated with 360 g kg-1 of crude protein without fish meal and without taurine supplementation (Control). From the control diet, another diet supplemented with 9.7 g of taurine per kg of feed (Taurine) was produced. Fish fed diet supplemented with taurine had lower daily average weight gain and final average weight compared to the control diet (p < 0.05). It was observed that taurine had no influence on condition factor, survival, or hemato-immunological parameters of Nile tilapia juveniles, but there was a higher mean corpuscular volume and greater nitrogen retention in fish from the control group (p < 0.05). It is concluded that Nile tilapia juveniles do not benefit from taurine supplementation in RAS, even when fed diet containing plant-based protein sources. conversion performance costs Oreochromis niloticus RAS. RAS . (RAS) 36 kg1 1 kg- Control. Control (Control) 97 9 7 9. (Taurine produced p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) factor hematoimmunological hemato plantbased plant based sources (RAS 3 (Control 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to prepare and characterize Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste meal. The experimental design consisted of three treatments (carcass meal, mechanically separated meat meal - MSM, and head meal) and five replications of each treatment. Yield, microbiological quality, pH, water activity, proximate composition, energy value, mineral composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid composition, color, and particle size fractions and the geometric mean particle diameter (GMD) analyses were performed. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at P < 0.05. Carcass, mechanically separated meat, and head meals had a protein content of 56.45%, 78.60%, and 50.33%, respectively, a lipid content of 7.16%, 13.15%, and 4.58%, respectively, and an ash content of 32.61%, 4.26%, and 38.41%, respectively. The mean yield of fish waste meals was 13%. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the three fish waste meals, and glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and glycine were the major amino acids. Color analysis showed that lightness (L*) ranged from 55.32 to 77.19, redness (a*) from 4.44 to 4.88, and yellowness (b*) from 4.13 to 9.51. The GMD ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 mm. The results indicate that Nile tilapia waste meals have high nutritional value and adequate pH, water activity, and microbiological quality for use in human nutrition. ABSTRACT Oreochromis niloticus carcass MSM treatment Yield pH activity composition profile color (GMD performed ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s 005 0 05 0.05 Carcass 5645 56 45 56.45% 7860 78 60 78.60% 5033 50 33 50.33% respectively 716 7 16 7.16% 1315 13 15 13.15% 458 4 58 4.58% 3261 32 61 32.61% 426 26 4.26% 3841 38 41 38.41% 13% Oleic palmitic leucine lysine L* L (L* 5532 55 55.3 7719 77 19 77.19 a* (a* 444 44 4.4 488 88 4.88 b* b (b* 413 4.1 951 9 51 9.51 037 37 0.3 099 99 0.9 mm nutrition 00 0.0 564 5 56.45 786 6 78.60 503 3 50.33 71 1 7.16 131 13.15 4.58 326 32.61 42 2 4.26 384 38.41 (L 553 55. 771 77.1 (a 4. 48 8 4.8 (b 95 9.5 03 0. 09 56.4 78.6 50.3 7.1 13.1 4.5 32.6 4.2 38.4 77. 9. 56. 78. 50. 7. 13. 32. 38.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo preparar e caracterizar farinha de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O delineamento experimental consistiu em três tratamentos, farinha de carcaça, farinha de carne mecanicamente separada - CMS e farinha de cabeça, e cinco replicatas por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises de rendimento, qualidade microbiológica, pH, atividade de água, composição centesimal, valor energético, composição mineral, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição de aminoácidos, cor, frações granulométricas e o diâmetro médio geométrico das partículas (DMG). Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). As farinhas de carcaça, de carne mecanicamente separada e de cabeça apresentaram teor de proteína de 56,45%, 78,60% e 50,33%, respectivamente, teor de lipídios de 7,16%, 13,15% e 4,58%, respectivamente, e teor de cinzas de 32,61%. 4,26% e 38,41%, respectivamente. O rendimento médio das farinhas de resíduos de peixe foi de 13%. Os ácidos oleico, palmítico e linoleico foram os principais ácidos graxos encontrados nas três farinhas de resíduos de peixe, e o ácido glutâmico, leucina, lisina e glicina foram os principais aminoácidos detectados nas farinhas. A análise de cor mostrou que a luminosidade (L*) variou de 55,32 a 77,19, o vermelho (a*) variou de 4,44 a 4,88 e o amarelo (b*) variou de 4,13 a 9,51. O GMD variou de 0,37 a 0,99 mm. Os resultados indicam que as farinhas de resíduos de tilápia do Nilo apresentam alto valor nutricional e pH, atividade de água e qualidade microbiológica adequados para uso na alimentação humana. RESUMO Oreochromis niloticus. niloticus . niloticus) tratamentos carcaça tratamento pH centesimal energético mineral DMG. DMG (DMG) P 0,05. 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) 5645 56 45 56,45% 7860 78 60 78,60 5033 50 33 50,33% respectivamente 716 7 16 7,16% 1315 13 15 13,15 458 4 58 4,58% 3261 32 61 32,61% 426 26 4,26 3841 38 41 38,41% 13% oleico glutâmico leucina L* L (L* 5532 55 55,3 7719 77 19 77,19 a* (a* 444 44 4,4 488 88 4,8 b* b (b* 413 4,1 951 9 51 9,51 037 37 0,3 099 99 0,9 mm humana (DMG 00 0,0 564 5 56,45 786 6 78,6 503 3 50,33 71 1 7,16 131 13,1 4,58 326 32,61 42 2 4,2 384 38,41 (L 553 55, 771 77,1 (a 4, 48 8 (b 95 9,5 03 0, 09 56,4 78, 50,3 7,1 13, 4,5 32,6 38,4 77, 9, 56, 50, 7, 32, 38,

Abstract A 45-day feeding assay was carried out to evaluate the effects of crescent levels of dephytinized rice bran protein concentrate (DRBPC) on growth performance, nutrient deposition, plasma and liver parameters of jundiá Rhamdia quelen. Five experimental diets were formulated with inclusion of 0 (control), 10, 15, 20, and 30% of DRBPC. In total 500 jundiás (initial body weight 6.28 ± 0.12 g) were allocated in 20 tanks (230 L) to give four groups for each treatment. Fish were fed to apparent satiation for 45 days. Weight gain and specific growth rate were evaluated by cubic regression analysis (P < 0.05) and displayed maximal growth on the inclusion level of 25% of DRBPC. The results indicated that fish fed DRBPC15 and DRBPC30 had lower body protein deposition and hepatosomatic index compared to CONTROL diet, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were assessed in plasma parameters. The alanine aminotransferase activity was higher in fish fed DRBPC30 compared to CONTROL group. The present study has demonstrated that DRBPC displayed significant nutritional quality for the jundiá. Thus, this new ingredient could be included as a protein source in fish for minimizing the use of fish meal. 45day day (DRBPC performance quelen control, control , (control) 10 15 30 50 initial 628 6 28 6.2 012 12 0.1 g 2 230 (23 L treatment 4 days P 0.05 005 05 25 DRBPC1 DRBPC3 diet respectively group Thus meal (control 1 3 5 62 6. 01 0. 23 (2 0.0 00 (

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants that may affect the aquatic life, including fish, raised in aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of biodegradable-MPs mixed in canola meal based diet on the growth performance, body composition, nutrient digestibility and gut content of grass carp fingerlings. For this purpose, six canola meal based diets were prepared including one control diet (without addition of MPs) and five other diets containing 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% MPs. 270 fingerlings were fed twice for 60 days at a rate of 5% of their wet weight. Effect of each treatment on the weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), nutrient digestibility, gut performance and body composition was calculated by standard procedures. Highest value for growth, nutrient digestibility and no damage to gut was observed in fish fed control diet. Results showed that there was significant decrease (P<0.05) in growth and increase in FCR in fish fed 9% biodegradable-MPs added diet. Nutrient digestibility and body composition of grass carp was highly affected by microplastics. Microplastics also caused severe damage to gut of fish including, tissue damage, vacuolization and necrosis of enterocytes. MPs (MPs life aquaculture biodegradableMPs biodegradable without 1 1% 3 3% 5 7 9 27 6 gain FCR, , (FCR) procedures P<0.05 P005 P 0 05 (P<0.05 microplastics enterocytes 2 (FCR P<0.0 P00 (P<0.0 P<0. P0 (P<0. P<0 (P<0 P< (P< (P

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the best combination of protein sources in diets for jundiá, based on growth, metabolism, and nutrient deposition. Five protein combinations were tested: casein + fish meal (control), casein + gelatin, casein + albumin, casein + albumin + fish meal, and albumin + fish meal, in diets containing 370 g Kg-1 of crude protein and 13.4 MJ Kg-1 of digestible energy. The fish (9.38 ± 0.12 g) were allocated in a water recirculation system at a density of 3.35 g L-1 per experimental unit and fed until apparent satiety for 40 days with the diets. The fish fed with the control diet had the highest final weight, specific growth rate, protein and feed efficiency ratio, protein retention, and best apparent feed conversion. On the other hand, fish that received casein + albumin and albumin + fish meal diets showed worse results in growth and body protein retention, low trypsin and chymotrypsin activity, and high intestinal amylase activity. Therefore, the combination referred to as control (casein + fish meal) conclusively provides the best rhythm for nutrient digestion and metabolism processes, enabling fish to reach greater growth and retention of body protein with low whole-fish fat content. jundiá deposition tested control, , (control) gelatin 37 Kg1 Kg 1 Kg- 134 13 4 13. energy 9.38 938 9 38 (9.3 012 0 12 0.1 335 3 35 3.3 L1 L L- weight rate ratio conversion hand activity Therefore processes wholefish whole content (control 9.3 93 (9. 01 0. 33 3. 9. (9 (

ABSTRACT. The current study evaluates the effect of partial or total replacement of fish meal with Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae, cultivated in an NPK culture medium, on the growth performance of Macrobrachion amazonicum shrimp post-larvae. Four diets were formulated: control (without microalgae), 25, 50 and 100% H. pluvialis replacement. Only crude protein weight gain showed no interaction and was not selected for principal components analysis. The 25% fishmeal replacement in the diet was not effective, being similar to the control. However, the complete replacement of fishmeal with H. pluvialis promoted elevated survivability, length, weight and protein retention, making it the most relevant treatment for M. amazonicum post-larvae. Therefore, it is possible to completely replace fishmeal with the microalgae H. pluvialis in the diet of M. amazonicum shrimp, which improves growth performance. ABSTRACT medium postlarvae. postlarvae post larvae. larvae post-larvae formulated without , microalgae) 25 5 100 H analysis effective However survivability length retention M Therefore 2 10 1

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different levels of soybean meal in pirarucu’s diet. 200 pirarucu juveniles (152.15 ± 0.8 g) were distributed in 20 polyethylene tanks with a continuous water flow system. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with five treatments (n = 4) containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of soybean meal inclusion levels. Growth performance was measured as specific growth rate, feed conversion, weight gain and survival. Body composition, protein retention rate and histopathological changes in the intestine were analyzed. The different treatments did not affect weight gain, specific growth rate and survival. The body composition of the fish was affected by treatments for ash and ether extract and the IHS was also affected. The diet with 40% soybean meal compromised feed conversion rate. Additionally, the distal intestine of fish fed with the same diet showed a reduction in the height of mucosal folds and a loss of supranuclear vacuolation in enterocytes. Based on these results, the inclusion of up to 30% of soybean meal in the diet of juvenile pirarucu is possible without negative effects on performance and enteric morphology. ABSTRACT pirarucus s 152.15 15215 152 15 (152.1 08 0 8 0. g 2 system used n 4 10 3 40 survival analyzed Additionally enterocytes results morphology 152.1 1521 1 (152. 152. (152 (15 (1 (

ABSTRACT. This study aims to increase the utilization of banana peels, a local agricultural by-product, by improving nutrient value and partially reducing the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) as an alternative ingredient in fish feed. The feasibility of molasses-fermented banana peels (MFBP) as a protein source in a practical diet for hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) fries was investigated. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets containing 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% substitution levels of fish meal by MFBP were formulated. Twenty tilapia fries per group with three replicates were fed for eight weeks. The growth performance and feed efficiency values of fish were recorded and evaluated. Fish fed with 0, 25, and 50% MFBP levels showed significantly higher growth parameters, survival rate, and feed utilization efficiency than those fed with 75 and 100% MFBP levels. Although the control diet produced better growth performance and feed utilization efficiency than MFBP-based diets there was no significant difference between fish fed with the control diet and the low MFBP levels (0-50%) diet. Based on the present findings, it could be concluded that the molasses-fermented banana peels (MFBP) could efficiently replace the fishmeal by up to 50% without affecting the growth performance of red tilapia. ABSTRACT byproduct, byproduct product, product by-product antinutritional anti nutritional ANFs (ANFs molassesfermented molasses fermented (MFBP Oreochromis spp. spp investigated control, , (control) 25 50 100 formulated weeks evaluated parameters rate 7 MFBPbased based 050% 050 (0-50% findings (control 2 5 10 05 (0-50 1 (0-5 (0- (0 (

Abstract The present findings provide information regarding the length-weight relationships (LWRs) of Indian major carps viz Cattla cattla, Labeo rohita and Cirhinus mrigala in an intensive polyculture system. Much work has been done in Pakistan with respect to fish LWRs, much of such work has been ignored. Carps were fed with twelve different formulated diets containing four different sources of protein i.e. fish meal (FM), all parts chicken meal (APCM), corn gluten (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM). Each type of protein is used at inclusion level of 25, 35 and 45% into the formulated diets to evaluate the minimum requirement of that ingredient for optimal growth of in-hand species. The values of slope “b” ranged from 2.20 to 4.90 for these species of carps which showed a strong healthy relationship among variables (level of protein and months). lengthweight length weight LWRs (LWRs cattla system ignored ie i e i.e FM, FM , (FM) APCM, APCM (APCM) CGM (CGM SBM. SBM . (SBM) 25 3 45 inhand hand b “b 220 2 20 2.2 490 4 90 4.9 months. months months) (FM (APCM (SBM 22 2. 49 9 4.

Resumo Os achados do presente trabalho fornecem informações sobre as relações comprimento-peso (LWRs) das principais carpas indianas, como Catla catla, Labeo rohita e Cirrhinus mrigala, em um sistema de policultura intensivo. Foram realizados muitos trabalhos no Paquistão em relação ao peixe LWRs, entretanto, foram ignorados. As carpas foram alimentadas com doze dietas formuladas diferentes contendo quatro fontes diferentes de proteína, ou seja, farinha de peixe (FM), todas as partes de farinha de frango (APCM), glúten de milho (CGM) e farelo de soja (SBM). Cada tipo de proteína foi utilizado em nível de inclusão de 25, 35 e 45% nas dietas formuladas para avaliar a exigência mínima desse ingrediente para o crescimento ideal das espécies em mãos. Os valores da inclinação “b” variaram de 2,20 a 4,90 para essas espécies de carpas que mostraram uma forte relação saudável entre as variáveis nível de proteína e mês. comprimentopeso comprimento peso LWRs (LWRs indianas catla mrigala intensivo entretanto ignorados seja FM, FM , (FM) APCM, APCM (APCM) CGM (CGM SBM. SBM . (SBM) 25 3 45 mãos b “b 220 2 20 2,2 490 4 90 4,9 mês (FM (APCM (SBM 22 2, 49 9 4,

Resumo O farelo de soja é uma proteína de origem vegetal de baixo custo que tem sido usada em dietas práticas como um substituto da proteína animal, como farinha de peixe ou farinha de frango, devido ao preço não econômico das dietas com proteína animal. Consequentemente, um estudo/pesquisa foi realizado com algumas espécies comerciais de carpas principais indianas, ou seja, Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) e Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822), para estimar a necessidade ideal de proteína dietética de farelo de soja na dieta em uma policultura intensiva. Três dietas diferentes (SBM I, SBM II e SBM III) foram formuladas por 80%, 50% e 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe por farelo de soja de uma dieta de 45% de farinha de peixe (controle). O maior ganho de peso médio mensal foi obtido por SBM II (com 35% PB e cerca de 50% de substituição de farinha de peixe), enquanto SBM III (45% de proteína bruta e cerca de 20% de substituição de farinha de peixe) ficou em segundo lugar. Todas as dietas testadas respondem enormemente produzindo alto rendimento em comparação com a dieta controle, embora SBM II tenha gerado o maior rendimento entre todas. Com base na pesquisa a seguir, foi revelado que o SBM pode substituir até 50% da farinha de peixe sem qualquer aumento de outros aminoácidos na dieta das carpas principais indianas.

Abstract Soybean meal is an inexpensive plant origin protein which has been used in practical diets as a replacement of animal protein such as fish meal or chicken meal, due to the uneconomical price of animal protein diets. Consequently, a research study was conducted on some commercial species of Indian major carps i.e. Catla (Cattla cattla), Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Mrigala (Cirhinus mrigala) (Hamilton, 1822) to estimate optimum dietary protein requirement of soy bean meal in diet in an intensive polyculture. Three different diets (SBM I, SBM II and SBM III) were formulated by 80%, 50% and 20% replacement of fish meal with soybean meal from a 45% fish meal diet (control).Highest monthly mean weight gain was obtained by SBM II (with 35% CP and about 50% substitution of fish meal), while SBM III (45% Crude Protein and about 20% substitution of fish meal) was stood second. All tested diets respond enormously by producing high yield as compare to control diet, though SBM II generated highest yield among all. On the bases of the following research, it was revealed that the SBM can surrogate even50% fish meal without any augmentation of other amino acids in the diet of Indian major carps.

Resumo Um estudo de alimentação de 95 dias foi realizado para avaliar o impacto da substituição completa de óleo de peixe por óleos vegetais no desempenho de crescimento, composição corporal e consumo de ração de juvenis de coelho, Siganus rivulatus. Houve quatro tratamentos, ou seja, A (dieta de óleo de peixe), (dieta de óleo de linhaça), C (dieta de óleo de farelo de soja) e D (dieta de óleo de girassol). O ensaio experimental foi conduzido em doze tanques de fibra de vidro de 1,5 m3 (n=3). Os juvenis de peixe-coelho-de-espinho apresentaram peso inicial médio de 0,948 g ± 0,124 g e foram estocados com 50 peixes por tanque. Os peixes alimentados com a dieta A apresentaram taxa de crescimento, peso corporal final e peso corporal total significativamente melhores do que os peixes alimentados com as outras dietas. Além disso, a melhor CAA foi observada para a dieta A seguida da dieta C e as dietas B e D tiveram a pior CA. A composição corporal dos peixes para proteína bruta, matéria seca, cinzas e energia bruta ao final do experimento não diferiu entre os tratamentos. O maior teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFA) foi encontrado nos peixes alimentados com a dieta A seguido em ordem decrescente pelas dietas D, B e C. O óleo de peixe é uma melhor fonte de lipídios dietéticos para juvenis de peixe-coelho, Siganus rivulatus, do que os óleos vegetais. Entre os óleos vegetais, o óleo de soja foi melhor que o óleo de linhaça e o óleo de girassol como principal fonte de gordura da dieta.

Abstract A 95-day feeding study was carried out to evaluate the impact of complete replacement of fish oil by plant oils in the growth performance, feed consumption fatty acid and body composition of juvenile rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. There were four treatments i.e., A (fish oil diet), (linseed oil diet), C (soybean meal oil diet) and D (sunflower oil diet). The experimental trial was conducted in twelve 1.5-m3 fiber glass tanks (n=3). Spinefoot rabbitfish juveniles had an average initial weight of 0.948 g ± 0.124 g and they were stocked at 50 fish per tank. Fish fed diet A showed significantly better growth rate, final body weight, and total body weight than fish fed on the other diets. Moreover, the best FCR was observed for diet A followed by diet C and diets B and D had the worst FCR. Fish body composition for crude protein, dry matter, ashes and gross energy at the end of the trial had not differed between the treatments. The highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was found in fish fed diet A followed in decreasing order by diets D, B, and C. Fish oil is a better dietary lipid source for Spinefoot rabbitfish juveniles, Siganus rivulatus, than plant oils. Among plant oils, soybean oil was better than linseed oil and sunflower oil as the main dietary fat source.