Resumen Objetivo: desarrollar un método para la cobertura delta de portafolios de opciones europeas listadas con base en la teoría del cálculo conformable que mejora la precisión de las predicciones usando la aproximación de primer orden. Metodología: permitimos que la primera derivada en el modelo clásico de Black-Scholes-Merton tenga un orden fraccional 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 y calculamos la delta correspondiente de un portafolio como función de este parámetro conformable. Resultados: aplicando este método a un portafolio conformado de ocho opciones europeas listadas sobre el índice SPX, encontramos que la cobertura conformable genera predicciones más precisas, en promedio, que la cobertura tradicional. Limitaciones: este método es aplicable solamente a la cobertura delta (hedging) de opciones europeas. Originalidad: esta es la primera aplicación exitosa del cálculo conformable a la cobertura delta en opciones europeas. Conclusiones: la aplicación del cálculo conformable permite mayor flexibilidad en la aproximación local implícita en la cobertura delta de portafolios de acciones europeas y se ofrece como una metodología novel y de mayor precisión que la tradicional.

Abstract Objective: we aim to develop a method for delta hedging portfolios of European options based on the theory of conformable calculus which improves accuracy of risk management of listed options in a first-order approximation. Methodology: we allow the time derivative in the classic Black-Scholes-Merton model to have a fractional order 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 and calculate the corresponding delta of a portfolio of listed options as a function of this conformable parameter. Results: applying this method to a portfolio consisting of eight European options on the SPX index, we find that conformable delta hedging offers more accurate average predictions than classical delta hedging. Limitations: this method is applicable for delta hedging in European options only. Originality: this is the first successful application of conformable calculus to delta hedging in European options. Conclusions: application of Conformable Calculus allows for a greater flexibility in the local approximation to price in delta-hedging European options and offers a new and more precise methodology to this objective.

ABSTRACT Nowadays marine and coastal ecosystems are threatened by the invasion of harmful algal species. The solution to this situation should be aimed at the integral use of this biomass. The drying process has a decisive impact on the quality of the resulting raw material and the cost of any derived by-products. For this reason, the objective of this research is to evaluate the drying process of macroalgae: Sargassum fluitans, Ulva lactuca and Chaetomorpha cf. gracilis, using a solar dryer designed for this purpose. The drying process was evaluated at a temperature of 60°C. The results obtained reported that dehydration in the oven lasted less than 2 hours, while in the solar dryer values higher than those achieved in the oven were recorded. The first derivative analysis shows that the highest peak of moisture loss is around 80 % and is reached in the first 15 min in the electric stove. However, in solar drying it was recorded around 45 min. The results obtained in the drying process were adjusted to a polynomial model with a determination coefficient of 99,13 %

RESUMEN Hoy día los ecosistemas marinos y costeros se encuentran amenazados por la invasión de algas nocivas. La solución a esta situación necesariamente debe estar encaminada al aprovechamiento integral de esta biomasa. El proceso de secado tiene un impacto decisivo en la calidad de la materia prima resultante y el costo de cualquier subproducto derivado. Por este motivo el objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el proceso de secado de las macroalgas: Sargassum fluitans, Ulva lactuca y Chaetomorpha cf. gracilis, utilizando un secador solar diseñado al efecto. El proceso de secado fue evaluado a una temperatura de 60°C. Los resultados obtenidos reportaron que la deshidratación en la estufa tuvo una duración inferior a las 2 h, mientras que en el secador solar se registraron valores superiores a los alcanzados en la estufa. El análisis de la primera derivada muestra que el mayor pico de pérdida de humedad está alrededor del 80 % y se alcanza en los primeros 15 min en la estufa eléctrica. Sin embargo, en el secado solar se registró alrededor de los 45 min. Los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de secado fueron ajustados a un modelo polinomial con un coeficiente de determinación del 99,13 %.

Resumen: Los asfaltenos son mezclas ultracomplejas que impactan negativamente la refinación, producción y transporte del petróleo. El interés en su estudio abarca desde su caracterización para definir su estructura molecular, hasta la comprensión de su comportamiento interfacial. Los asfaltenos presentan una gran diversidad de grupos funcionales y diferentes tipos de asociaciones como las de tipo no covalentes, enlaces de hidrógeno, complejo de coordinación e interacciones entre núcleos aromáticos paralelos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la composición presente en asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y extrapesados mediante espectroscopía derivada. Se prepararon soluciones de asfaltenos en el rango de concentración de 20 mg/L a 100 mg/L y se analizaron con espectroscopía UV-Vis. La selección de los espectros de orden cero para el procesamiento se realizó con base en la nitidez presente. Los espectros fueron procesados con OriginPro 8.5, para la obtención de espectros derivados de primer y segundo orden. El procesamiento de los espectros de orden cero fue realizado con los filtros Savitsky-Golay y transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT). Los espectros derivados obtenidos presentaron señales nítidas con presencia de poco ruido, lo que hizo posible la identificación de grupos funcionales aromáticos, de 1 a 4 anillos en el rango de longitudes onda de 200 nm a 450 nm. El uso de filtros mejoró la calidad de las señales y permitió la identificación de componentes y estructuras presentes en asfaltenos. El filtro de Savitsky-Golay incrementó la resolución de los espectros derivados de asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y el filtro FFT de asfaltenos de crudos extrapesados. Se observaron diferencias morfológicas entre los asfaltenos extraídos de crudos pesados y extrapesados mediante SEM, que pueden ser relacionadas con la composición y estructuras aromáticas presentes en asfaltenos.

Abstract: Asphaltenes are ultra-complex mixtures that negatively impact oil refining, production and transportation. The interest in its study ranges from its characterization to define its molecular structure, to the understanding of its interfacial behavior. Asphaltenes present a great diversity of functional groups and different types of associations such as non-covalent ones, hydrogen bonds, coordination complexes and interactions between parallel aromatic nuclei. The objective of this work was to analyze the composition present in asphaltenes extracted from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils using derivative spectroscopy. Asphaltene solutions were prepared in the concentration range of 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L and analyzed with UV-Vis spectroscopy. The selection of zero-order spectra for processing was made based on the sharpness present. The spectra were subsequently processed with OriginPro 8.5, to obtain first and second-order derived spectra. The processing of the zero order spectra was performed with the Savitsky-Golay and Fast Fourier transform (FFT) filters. The derived spectra obtained presented clear signals with the presence of little noise, which made possible the identification of aromatic functional groups, from 1 to 4 rings in the wavelength range of 200 nm to 450 nm. The use of filters improved the quality of the signals and allowed the identification of components and structures present in asphaltenes. The Savitsky-Golay filter increased the resolution of the spectra derived from asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oils and the FFT filter increased the asphaltenes extracted from heavy crude oils. Morphological differences between asphaltenes extracted from heavy and extra-heavy crude oils were observed by SEM, which maybe related to the composition and aromatic structures present in asphaltenes.

Abstract Maize (Zea mays L.) is of socioeconomic importance as an essential food for human and animal nutrition. However, cereals are susceptible to attack by mycotoxin-producing fungi, which can damage health. The methods most commonly used to detect and quantify mycotoxins are expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, alternative non-destructive methods are required urgently. The present study aimed to use near-infrared spectroscopy with hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) and multivariate image analysis to develop a rapid and accurate method for quantifying fumonisins in whole grains of six naturally contaminated maize cultivars. Fifty-eight samples, each containing 40 grains, were subjected to NIR-HSI. These were subsequently divided into calibration (38 samples) and prediction sets (20 samples) based on the multispectral data obtained. The averaged spectra were subjected to various pre-processing techniques (standard normal variate (SNV), first derivative, or second derivative). The most effective pre-treatment performed on the spectra was SNV. Partial least squares (PLS) models were developed to quantify the fumonisin content. The final model presented a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.98 and root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) of 508 µg.kg-1 for the calibration set, an R2 of 0.95 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 508 µg.kg-1 for the test validation set and a ratio of performance to deviation of 4.7. It was concluded that NIR-HSI with partial least square regression is a rapid, effective, and non-destructive method to determine the fumonisin content in whole maize grains. Zea L. L nutrition However mycotoxinproducing mycotoxin producing fungi health timeconsuming. timeconsuming time consuming. consuming time-consuming Therefore nondestructive non destructive urgently nearinfrared near infrared NIRHSI NIR HSI (NIR-HSI cultivars Fiftyeight Fifty eight samples 4 NIRHSI. HSI. 38 (3 20 (2 obtained preprocessing pre processing standard SNV, SNV , (SNV) derivative derivative. . derivative) pretreatment treatment PLS (PLS R (R2 098 0 98 0.9 RMSEC (RMSEC 50 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg 1 µg kg µg.kg- 095 95 RMSEP (RMSEP 47 7 4.7 3 ( 2 (SNV (R 09 9 0. 5 kg1 4.

Resumo O milho (Zea mays L.) possui importância socioeconômica por constituir um dos alimentos básicos na nutrição humana e animal. Porém, o cereal é suscetível ao ataque de fungos produtores de micotoxinas que podem causar danos à saúde. Os métodos mais utilizados para detectar e quantificar micotoxinas são caros e demorados e métodos alternativos para a detecção das micotoxinas são uma necessidade. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo com imagem hiperespectral (NIR-HSI) e análise multivariada de imagens para desenvolver um método rápido e preciso para quantificação de fumonisinas em grãos inteiros de seis cultivares de milho naturalmente contaminadas. Cinquenta e oito amostras, cada uma contendo 40 grãos, foram submetidas ao NIR-HSI e posteriormente divididas em um conjunto de calibração (38 amostras) e um conjunto de predição (20 amostras) com base nos dados multiespectrais obtidos. Os espectros médios foram submetidos a diversas técnicas de pré-processamento (variação normal padrão – SNV, primeira derivada ou segunda derivada). O melhor pré-processamento dos espectros foi SNV e um modelo de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) foi desenvolvido para quantificar o teor de fumonisinas. O modelo final apresentou coeficiente de correlação (R2) de 0,98 e raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de calibração (RMSEC) de 508 µg.kg-1 para o conjunto de calibração, R2 de 0,95 e raiz quadrada do erro médio quadrático de predição (RMSEP) de 508 µg.kg-1 para o conjunto de validação do teste e relação desempenho/desvio de 4,7. Conclui-se que o NIR-HSI com regressão parcial de mínimos quadrados pode ser um método rápido, eficaz e não destrutivo para determinar o teor de fumonisinas em grãos integrais de milho. Zea L. L animal Porém saúde necessidade NIRHSI NIR HSI (NIR-HSI contaminadas amostras 4 38 (3 20 (2 obtidos préprocessamento pré processamento variação derivada. . derivada) PLS (PLS R (R2 098 0 98 0,9 RMSEC (RMSEC 50 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg 1 µg kg µg.kg- 095 95 RMSEP (RMSEP desempenhodesvio desempenho desvio 47 7 4,7 Concluise Conclui se 3 ( 2 (R 09 9 0, 5 kg1 4,

Naringenin is a flavonoid with several biological activities already reported but with few biological applications in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, a new flavanone, called carboxymidamide (DCHA), synthesized through the condensation reaction between naringenin and aminoguanidine is structurally confirmed through spectroscopic analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared. DCHA was not toxic to human fibroblasts and inhibited macrophage activation in vitro. In vivo, it suppressed leukocyte migration in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis and reduced zymosan-induced paw edema. Molecular docking simulations of DCHA in the active site of the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphodiesterase type 4 indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of this new flavanone can be explained by the inhibition of these target enzymes. This is the first work to present the synthesis of a flavonoid derivative with aminoguanidine that showed a high anti-inflammatory potential. field DCHA, , (DCHA) resonance infrared vitro vivo LPSinduced LPS induced zymosaninduced zymosan edema synthase cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- antiinflammatory anti inflammatory potential (DCHA

ABSTRACT: Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a promising tool for optimizing seed analyses quickly and assertively. The aim of this study was to investigate the viability of NIR in association with chemometric methods in classification of soybean seed lots regarding their physiological potential. We evaluated 372 soybean seed lots for vigor and obtained NIR spectra from seed samples. The original spectra were pre-processed by the following methods: Standard Normal Variate (SNV), SNV + 1st and 2nd derivatives, Gap-segment derivative, and Savitzky-Golay for the first- and second-degree derivatives, as well as combinations of the methods. The lots were divided into Class I (≥ 85% germination after accelerated aging) and Class II (< 85% germination after accelerated aging); and the pre-processed spectra were used to build classification models through the following methods: K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The PLS-DA model showed greater classification accuracy and kappa, followed by SVM. The lowest accuracy values were obtained for the NB and RF models. The regions between the wavelengths 1,000-1,200 nm and 2,200-2,500 nm were the most important for distinguishing the quality levels of soybean seeds. ABSTRACT Nearinfrared Near infrared (NIR assertively potential 37 samples preprocessed pre processed SNV, , (SNV) st nd derivatives Gapsegment Gap segment derivative SavitzkyGolay Savitzky Golay first seconddegree second degree ≥ ( 85 aging < Knearest K nearest KNN, KNN (KNN) PLSDA, PLSDA PLS DA (PLS-DA) NB, (NB) RF, (RF) SVM . (SVM) kappa 1,0001,200 10001200 1,000 1,200 1 000 200 1,000-1,20 2,2002,500 22002500 2,200 2,500 2 500 2,200-2,50 seeds 3 (SNV 8 (KNN (PLS-DA (NB (RF (SVM 0001 1,0001,20 1000120 1000 1,00 1200 1,20 00 20 1,000-1,2 2002 2,2002,50 2200250 2200 2,20 2500 2,50 50 2,200-2,5 1,0001,2 100012 100 1,0 120 1,2 0 1,000-1, 2,2002,5 220025 220 2,2 250 2,5 5 2,200-2, 1,0001, 10001 10 1, 12 1,000-1 2,2002, 22002 22 2, 25 2,200-2 1,0001 1,000- 2,2002 2,200-

RESUMO: A espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo (NIR) consiste em uma ferramenta promissora para otimização das análises de sementes de forma rápida e assertiva. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a viabilidade do NIR, associado a métodos quimiométricos, para classificar lotes de sementes de soja quanto ao potencial fisiológico. Foram utilizados 372 lotes de sementes de soja avaliados quanto ao vigor e obtidos espectros NIR das amostras de sementes. Os espectros originais foram submetidos aos métodos de pré-processamento Standard Normal Variate (SNV), SNV + 1ª e 2ª derivadas; Gap-segment derivative; e Savitzky-Golay, pelas derivadas de primeiro e segundo grau, e a combinação entre os métodos. Os lotes foram divididos em Classe I (≥ 85% de germinação após envelhecimento acelerado), Classe II (< 85% de germinação após envelhecimento acelerado) e os espectros pré-processados foram utilizados para a construção de modelos de classificação por meio dos métodos K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Partial Least Squares - Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF) e Support Vector Machine (SVM). O modelo de classificação PLS-DA apresentou maior acurácia e kappa, seguido pelo SVM. Os menores valores de acurácia foram obtidos para os modelos NB e RF. As regiões entre os comprimentos de ondas 1.000-1.200 nm e 2.200-2.500 nm foram as mais importantes para distinguir os níveis de qualidade das sementes de soja. RESUMO (NIR assertiva quimiométricos fisiológico 37 préprocessamento pré processamento SNV, , (SNV) ª Gapsegment Gap segment derivative SavitzkyGolay, SavitzkyGolay Savitzky Golay, Golay Savitzky-Golay grau ≥ ( 85 acelerado, acelerado < préprocessados processados Knearest K nearest KNN, KNN (KNN) PLSDA, PLSDA PLS DA (PLS-DA) NB, (NB) RF (RF SVM . (SVM) kappa 1.0001.200 10001200 1.000 1.200 1 000 200 1.000-1.20 2.2002.500 22002500 2.200 2.500 2 500 2.200-2.50 3 (SNV 8 (KNN (PLS-DA (NB (SVM 0001 1.0001.20 1000120 1000 1.00 1200 1.20 00 20 1.000-1.2 2002 2.2002.50 2200250 2200 2.20 2500 2.50 50 2.200-2.5 1.0001.2 100012 100 1.0 120 1.2 0 1.000-1. 2.2002.5 220025 220 2.2 250 2.5 5 2.200-2. 1.0001. 10001 10 1. 12 1.000-1 2.2002. 22002 22 2. 25 2.200-2 1.0001 1.000- 2.2002 2.200-

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an n-type oxide semiconductor, where the electron donors are usually associated with oxygen vacancies and interstitial titanium ions, whereas quinoline derivatives (QD) are usually p-type semiconductors with light emission in the blue range. We report a broad emission band centered at 485 nm, and temperature induced electrical properties of the QD 4-(6-(diethylamino)-4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)benzoic acid and TiO2 films. The combination of QD with TiO2, both layers in the form of thin film, forms a heterostructure in a very convenient format for integration in optoelectronics. Due to the techniques used for film deposition, both sort of films present defects, which are responsible for the electrical characteristics. The dominant level for TiO2 is located about 760 meV from the conduction band bottom, inside the bandgap, whereas for the QD film the activation energy is about 328 meV. Both levels show up for a range above room temperature. In the first case, it suggests the second ionization level of oxygen vacancies (VO2+) or the third ionization level of interstitial titanium ions (Ti3+), considering that both are electron donors, whereas in the case of QD it suggests a mechanism of small polaron tunneling (SPT).When combined as a heterostructure and explored under transport profile perpendicular to the films (transverse contacts) it leads to current-voltage (I-V) rectifying behavior similar to a p-n junction, which is evidence of the p-type-like electrical behavior of the QD, even though this I-V behavior may be destroyed for repetitive I-V measurement, which seems to be related with aging and the presence of defects at the heterostructure interface. TiO (TiO2 ntype n type semiconductor (QD ptype p 48 nm 46diethylamino4phenylquinolin2ylbenzoic diethylaminophenylquinolinylbenzoic 4 6 diethylamino phenylquinolin 2 yl benzoic optoelectronics deposition characteristics 76 bottom bandgap 32 VO2+ VO2 VO (VO2+ Ti3+, Ti3 Ti Ti3+ , (Ti3+) SPT.When SPTWhen SPT .When When transverse contacts currentvoltage current voltage IV I V (I-V pn junction ptypelike like measurement interface (TiO ylbenzoic 7 3 (VO2 (Ti3+ (VO (Ti3 (Ti

Resumo Este estudo se concentra em como as atitudes, normas subjetivas e controle comportamental percebido dos contadores em relação à accountability podem moldar o desempenho sustentável de uma empresa por meio do uso de informações contábeis. Embora muito se saiba sobre o papel da contabilidade na sustentabilidade, há uma escassez de insights sobre como os aspectos do comportamento dos contadores influenciam os resultados de sustentabilidade. A aplicabilidade da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado nesse contexto, especialmente no Brasil, ainda é bastante desconhecida. Esta pesquisa busca preencher essa lacuna de conhecimento explorando a interação entre as características comportamentais dos contadores, o uso de dados contábeis e a sustentabilidade organizacional. Os resultados revelam uma correlação positiva entre a accountability e o comprometimento organizacional, destacando a indispensabilidade da accountability para resultados organizacionais sustentáveis. Com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, um derivado da Teoria da Ação Fundamentada, este estudo usa um ponto de vista quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma pesquisa estruturada distribuída entre contadores brasileiros. Usando uma técnica de amostragem de conveniência não probabilística, 383 contadores participaram. Os dados foram coletados usando um método de bola de neve, iniciado por 32 contatos primários. Esta pesquisa contribui para a literatura contábil de três maneiras principais. Primeiro, ela destaca o papel da contabilidade na promoção do desenvolvimento organizacional sustentável, posicionando a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado como uma ferramenta valiosa no discurso da sustentabilidade. Em segundo lugar, ela esclarece a importância da contabilidade dentro da cultura da accountability, dando maior peso à sua utilidade para orientar as organizações a atingir os objetivos comerciais. Por fim, enfatiza o papel integral da sustentabilidade no crescimento organizacional, destacando a contabilidade como uma ferramenta estratégica na formulação e implementação da estratégia de negócios. atitudes contexto Brasil desconhecida sustentáveis Fundamentada quantitativo brasileiros probabilística 38 participaram neve 3 primários principais Primeiro lugar comerciais fim negócios

Abstract This study focuses on how accountants' attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards accountability can shape a company's sustainability performance via the use of accounting information. While much is known about the role of accounting in sustainability, there is a shortage of insights into how aspects of accountants' behavior influence sustainability outcomes. The applicability of the Theory of Planned Behavior in this context, especially in Brazil, remains largely uncharted. This research seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by exploring the interplay between accountants' behavioral traits, the use of accounting data, and organizational sustainability. The findings reveal a positive correlation between accountability and organizational commitment, highlighting the indispensability of accountability for sustainable organizational outcomes. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, a derivative of the Theory of Reasoned Action, this study uses a quantitative point of view. Data were collected through a structured survey distributed among Brazilian accountants. Using a non-probabilistic convenience sampling technique, 383 accountants participated. Data were collected using a snowball method, initiated by 32 primary contacts. This research contributes to the accounting literature in three main ways. First, it highlights the role of accounting in promoting sustainable organizational development, positioning the Theory of Planned Behavior as a valuable tool in the sustainability discourse. Second, it sheds light on the importance of accounting within the culture of accountability, giving greater weight to its usefulness in guiding organizations to attain business objectives. Lastly, it emphasizes the full role of sustainability in organizational growth, highlighting accounting as a strategic tool in formulating and implementing business strategy. attitudes norms companys company s information outcomes context Brazil uncharted traits data commitment Action view nonprobabilistic non probabilistic technique 38 participated method 3 contacts ways First development discourse Second objectives Lastly growth strategy

Abstract. The trimeric caffeic acid derivative pulcaffeate (1) was isolated from the organic crude extract of the roots of Bourreria pulchra (Boraginaceae). The biosynthesis of 1 appears to involve an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction between a cyclohexa-1,3-diene intermediate, generated by the oxidation of the aromatic ring of a cinnamic acid unit, and the conjugated double bond of a caffeic acid unit. The structure of the new metabolite was elucidated through a detailed analysis of its 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data. This is the first report of a trimeric metabolite occurring in B. pulchra.

Resumen. Pulcafeato (1) un derivado trimérico del ácido cafeico fue aislado del extracto orgánico crudo de las raíces de Bourreria pulchra (Boraginaceae). La biosíntesis de 1 parece llevarse a cabo mediante una reacción intramolecular de Diels-Alder entre un intermediario de cyclohexa-1,3-dieno, generado durante la oxidación del anillo aromático de una unidad de ácido cinámico, y el doble enlace conjugado de una unidad de ácido cafeico. La estructura del nuevo metabolito fue elucidada mediante el análisis detallado de sus datos espectroscópicos de RMN de 1H y 13C. Este es el primer reporte sobre la presencia de un metabolito trimérico en B. pulchra.

Abstract: The present study focuses on the visible, that is, on analyzing errors that students make to identify possible causes. The framework proposed by the APOE (Action, Process, Object, and Schema) theory is applied through the definition of 27 variables based on mathematical elements involved in three tasks that conform a questionnaire on the concept of derivative. The participants are 103 first-year engineering students. The data gathered consist of students’ answers to the questionnaire collected during the first semester of the year 2021. The results show that there are difficulties associated with the construction of the reversal of processes as revealed by the great number of errors associated with the use variables obtained from logical equivalences. It is concluded that encapsulating the derivative as a cognitive object, corresponding to its function, is difficult to achieve.

Resumen: Este estudio se enfoca en lo visible, es decir, en el análisis de errores que los estudiantes cometen a fin de identificar posibles dificultades. Se considera el marco propuesto por la teoría APOE (Acción, Proceso, Objeto, y Esquema), por medio de la definición de 27 variables en función de elementos matemáticos involucrados en tres tareas que conforman un cuestionario sobre el concepto de derivada. Los participantes son 103 estudiantes de primer año de ingeniería. Los datos corresponden a las producciones de los estudiantes, obtenidos de la aplicación del cuestionario y recolectados durante el primer semestre del año 2021. Los resultados muestran que existen dificultades asociadas a la construcción de la reversión de procesos que se manifiesta en el gran número de errores asociados al uso de las variables que se establecen a partir de las equivalencias lógicas. Se concluye que la encapsulación de la derivada como un objeto cognitivo, correspondiente a una función, es compleja de alcanzar.

ABSTRACT Interstitial keratitis is an inflammation of the corneal stroma without epithelium or endothelium involvement. The underlying causes are mostly infectious or immune mediated. Brazil has one of the highest incidence rates of tuberculosis in the world. Tuberculosis is considered one of the causes of interstitial keratitis. Malnutrition and anemia are risk factors of the disseminated disease. This is a case report of a 10-year-old child who presented with decreased visual acuity and a clinical diagnosis of bilateral interstitial keratitis and sclero-uveitis. The patient had been treated with topical steroids with partial improvement. Examinations revealed severe iron deficiency anemia, negative serologies for human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis, positivity for cytomegalovirus- and herpes simplex-specific IgG, and purified protein derivative of 17 mm. During the follow-up, the patient presented with tonic-clonic seizures, and magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested a central nervous system tuberculoma. Interstitial keratitis improvement was observed after specific tuberculosis treatment. This is the first case report describing the association of interstitial keratitis and central nervous system tuberculoma. involvement mediated world disease 10yearold yearold 10 year old sclerouveitis. sclerouveitis sclero uveitis. uveitis sclero-uveitis syphilis cytomegalovirus simplexspecific simplex IgG 1 mm followup, followup follow up, up follow-up tonicclonic tonic clonic seizures tuberculoma treatment

RESUMO A ceratite intersticial é uma inflamação do estroma corneano sem envolvimento epitelial ou endotelial causada principalmente por doenças infecciosas e imunomediadas. O Brasil tem altas taxas de tuberculose que deve ser lembrada como causa de ceratite intersticial. Desnutrição e anemia são fatores de risco da forma disseminada da tuberculose. Este é um relato de uma criança de 10 anos com redução de acuidade visual e diagnóstico clínico de ceratite intersticial bilateral e esclerouveíte. O paciente obteve melhora parcial da ceratite com corticoide tópico. Exames laboratoriais mostraram anemia ferropriva grave, sorologias negativas para HIV e sífilis; IgM negativo e IgG positivo para citomegalovírus e herpes simplex e PPD positivo (17 mm). Ele evoluiu com crises tônico-clônicas e a ressonância nuclear magnética revelou tuberculoma do sistema nervoso central. A melhora da ceratite intersticial foi observada após tratamento para tuberculose. Este é o primeiro caso que descreve a associação de ceratite intersticial e tuberculoma do sistema nervoso central. imunomediadas 1 esclerouveíte tópico grave sífilis 17 (1 mm. mm . mm) tônicoclônicas tônico clônicas central (

Naltrexone (NTX) and bupropion (BUP) are used in combination in clinical practice for obesity; however, the existing analytical methods for this drug combination are not sustainable. This work aims to develop an analytical method that is faster, easier and less expensive compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and involves green technology without solvents to quantify BUP and NTX in combination. The objective was to validate a method using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy associated with multivariate calibration and chemometrics to simultaneously measure NTX and BUP in a pharmaceutical capsule form. The models were developed using MIR spectroscopy with diffuse reflectance, with interval partial least squares (iPLS) variable selection. The working range selected to optimize the model was from 1885.8 to 1585.4 cm-1. The chosen model was obtained with partial least squares (PLS2) and with data pre-processed by first derivative Savitzky-Golay smoothing followed by mean centering, using four latent variables, providing a root mean square error of prediction of 1.8 mg g-1 for NTX and 6.42 mg g-1 for BUP. The method was validated according to current international standards. In conclusion, the methods developed in the MIR region provided statistically similar results to the validated chromatographic method for commercial pharmaceutical formulations. (NTX (BUP obesity however sustainable faster HPLC (HPLC midinfrared mid infrared (MIR form reflectance iPLS (iPLS selection 18858 1885 8 1885. 15854 1585 4 1585. cm1. cm1 cm 1. 1 cm-1 PLS2 PLS (PLS2 preprocessed pre processed SavitzkyGolay Savitzky Golay centering variables 18 g1 g g- 642 6 42 6.4 standards conclusion formulations 188 158 cm- (PLS 64 6. 15

ABSTRACT The COS method was introduced in Fang & Oosterlee (2008) and then was applied to pricing a variety of stock options for continuous random variables. This paper adapts the Fourier-cosine series (COS) method to recover discrete probability mass functions. We approximate mixture and compound probability distributions with cosine series. Enormous precision and computational speed are the qualities of the function estimates here obtained. We also develop the pricing framework to trade derivatives subject to discrete random variables. We apply the method to calculate, for the first time, the price of an interest rate derivative of recent vintage introduced in the Brazilian financial market. Parameter calibration confirms the quality of the model. 2008 (2008 variables Fouriercosine Fourier (COS functions obtained calculate time market model 200 (200 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract Drought stress is one of the key abiotic stresses affecting plant growth, crop yield and food quality. The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential effectiveness of hyperspectral imaging with band selection method for the rapid detection of the early drought stress of tomatoes. First, the unsupervised algorithm - K-means and statistical histogram are used to extract samples representing each experimental treatment group. Then, to solve problems related to the high redundancy and correlation of hyperspectral data, band matrix reduction method (BMRM) based on recursive feature elimination theory is proposed to determine the optimal band subset. The band matrix is constructed according to the band ranking obtained by the discrimination coefficient - C o e f i, which is calculated from the average spectral curve and the first-derivative spectrum. Finally, the effectiveness of waveband selection algorithms was validated by comparison with successive projections algorithm, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, recursive feature elimination with cross-validation and full spectrum. The results demonstrated that BMRM achieved higher classification accuracy with fewer bands selected, and the amount of calculation is not greatly improved. The proposed method provides a more accurate, and effective way of detecting early drought stress. growth quality tomatoes First Kmeans K means group Then data (BMRM subset i firstderivative first derivative spectrum Finally sampling crossvalidation cross validation selected improved accurate

Abstract Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with multiple algorithms was used to determinate the tea polyphenols content in Chongzhou new loquat tea lines quickly and nondestructively. Samples of 26 Chongzhou new loquat tea lines were collected, then scanning NIRS, pretreating spectral noise information, screening characteristic spectral intervals by backward interval partial least squares, proceeding principal component analysis. Finally, the artificial neural network (BP-ANN) method with three kinds of transfer functions was applied to establish models. The best pretreated method was the combination of standard normal variation (SNV) and first derivative, and the characteristic spectral regions selected were 4381.5-4755.6 cm–1, 4759.5-5133.6 cm–1, 6266.6-6637.8 cm–1 and 7389.9-7760.2 cm–1, respectively. The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components of the selected characteristic spectra was 95.24%. When the BP-ANN calibration set model was established with the logistic function, NIRS model had the best results, whose root mean square error and determination coefficient of the cross validation were 0.975 and 0.372%, respectively. The root mean square error and the determination coefficient of the prediction set model were 0.962 and 0.400%, respectively. The results showed NIRS can predict the tea polyphenols content in Chongzhou new loquat tea lines quickly and accurately. (NIRS nondestructively 2 collected information squares analysis Finally BPANN BP ANN (BP-ANN models SNV (SNV derivative 4381.54755.6 4381547556 4381.5 4755.6 4381 5 4755 6 4381.5-4755. cm1 cm 1 4759.55133.6 4759551336 4759.5 5133.6 4759 5133 4759.5-5133. 6266.66637.8 6266666378 6266.6 6637.8 6266 6637 8 6266.6-6637. cm– 7389.97760.2 7389977602 7389.9 7760.2 7389 9 7760 7389.9-7760. respectively 9524 95 24 95.24% function 0975 0 975 0.97 0372 372 0.372% 0962 962 0.96 0400 400 0.400% accurately 54755 4381.54755. 438154755 43815 4381. 47556 4755. 438 475 4381.5-4755 55133 4759.55133. 475955133 47595 4759. 51336 5133. 513 4759.5-5133 66637 6266.66637. 626666637 62666 6266. 66378 6637. 626 663 6266.6-6637 97760 7389.97760. 738997760 73899 7389. 77602 7760. 738 776 7389.9-7760 952 95.24 097 97 0.9 037 37 0.372 096 96 040 40 0.400 5475 4381.54755 43815475 43 47 4381.5-475 5513 4759.55133 47595513 51 4759.5-513 6663 6266.66637 62666663 62 66 6266.6-663 9776 7389.97760 73899776 73 77 7389.9-776 95.2 09 0. 03 3 0.37 04 4 0.40 547 4381.5475 4381547 4381.5-47 551 4759.5513 4759551 4759.5-51 666 6266.6663 6266666 6266.6-66 977 7389.9776 7389977 7 7389.9-77 95. 0.3 0.4 54 4381.547 438154 4381.5-4 55 4759.551 475955 4759.5-5 6266.666 626666 6266.6-6 7389.977 738997 7389.9-7 4381.54 4381.5- 4759.55 4759.5- 6266.66 6266.6- 7389.97 7389.9-