Abstract (Introduction): Bycatch and discards are a socio-environmental concern that threatens the sustainability of marine life and fishing grounds. Approaches to this problem have focused on biological and/or ecological aspects. We considered it necessary to explore the problem from the social dimension and for this purpose we explored social representations. (Objective): The aim of this study is to explore the social representations of bycatch and discards in a group of businessmen and workers in the capture stage of the Argentine industrial fishing activity. We ask how they evaluate bycatch and fishing discards, what are their causes and if they observe possible solutions. (Methodology): Within the framework of a project of the Federal Fishing Council, we conducted focus groups with businessmen, business chambers, SOMU workers and captains of the industrial fishing activity. (Results): The results of the focus groups conducted in 2021 reveal three main causes of this problem. First, the lack of reliable data on actual discard levels raises concerns about sustainability and overfishing. Second, the low utilization of selectivity devices is attributed to their operational inefficiency and possible labour barriers. Finally, economic and organizational pressures, such as company profitability and workers’ salaries, justify the discard of non-target species, exacerbating the problem. (Conclusions): The work contributes to an understanding of the main reasons for bycatch and discards, which is essential to advance solutions. We understand that solutions are not simple and involve a sincere debate among stakeholders.

Resumen (Introducción): Las capturas incidentales y los descartes pesqueros son una preocupación socioambiental que amenaza la sostenibilidad de la vida marina y de los caladeros. Los abordajes a esta problemática estuvieron centrados en aspectos biológicos y ecológicos. Consideramos necesario explorar la problemática desde la dimensión social y para ello, exploramos las representaciones sociales. (Objetivo): El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las representaciones sobre capturas incidentales y descartes pesqueros en un grupo de empresarios y trabajadores de la etapa de captura de la actividad pesquera industrial argentina, específicamente, cómo evalúan este problema, sus causas y posibles soluciones. (Metodología): En el marco de un proyecto del Consejo Federal Pesquero, se realizaron grupos focales con seis cámaras empresariales y personal jerárquico de empresas asociadas, así como trabajadores del SOMU y capitanes que operan en alta mar. (Resultados): Los resultados de los grupos focales realizados en 2021 revelaron tres principales causas de dicha problemática. Primero, la falta de datos confiables sobre los niveles reales de descarte genera preocupaciones sobre la sostenibilidad y la sobreexplotación. Segundo, la escasa utilización de dispositivos de selectividad se atribuye a su ineficacia operativa y a posibles barreras laborales. Finalmente, las presiones económicas y organizacionales, como la rentabilidad de las empresas y los salarios de los trabajadores, justifican el descarte, exacerbando el problema. (Conclusiones): El trabajo aporta a un entendimiento sobre las razones de la captura incidental y los descarte, esencial para avanzar en soluciones. Entendemos que las soluciones no son simples e implican un sincero debate entre actores.

Abstract (Introduction): Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150 000 mg/L, being highly polluting. (Objective): The objective of this research was to evaluate a vinasse treatment process with hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals at laboratory scale. (Methodology): The vinasse samples, from different distilleries in the province of Tucumán, were characterized following standardized techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasses ratios, in a semi-batch reactor, under ambient conditions, measuring COD as an indicator parameter of the treatment. (Results): After 5 days, an 85 % decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0.3694 1/day. (Conclusions): Although the COD values allowed by local regulations (250 mg/L) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity, representing a potential option to the environmental challenge represented by vinaze in Latin America.

Resumen (Introducción): La vinaza se genera como residuo en la producción de etanol por fermentación-destilación de melazas/jugos de caña de azúcar, a razón de 13 L/L de etanol. Es un efluente líquido, ácido caracterizado por una elevada mineralización y valores de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de hasta 150 000 mg/L, siendo altamente contaminante. (Objetivo): Ealuar un proceso de tratamiento de vinazas con peróxido de hidrógeno, como fuente de radicales hidroxilos, en escala laboratorio. (Metodología): Las muestras de vinazas, de destilerías de la provincia de Tucumán, se caracterizaron según técnicas normalizadas de Standard Methods. Los ensayos de oxidación se realizaron con distintas relaciones de peróxido/vinaza, en un reactor semibatch, en condiciones ambientales, midiendo DQO como parámetro indicador del tratamiento. (Resultados): Al cabo de cinco días se logró una disminución de DQO del 85 % y un aumento del Índice de Biodegradabilidad. La cinética de la reacción oxidativa fue de primer orden respecto de DQO, con una constante aparente de velocidad de 0.3694 1/día. (Conclusiones): Si bien no se lograron los valores de DQO permitidos por la normativa local (250 mg/L), el tratamiento propuesto es alentador por su simpleza, representando una opción potencial al desafío ambiental que representan las vinazas en América Latina.

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases.

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential.

This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana.

ABSTRACT To ensure the sustainability of agriculture and the production of safe food, supplementary irrigation is required for crops that are primarily rainfed, particularly in arid conditions. This study aimed to determine the water stress response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under limited water conditions and to establish the crop water stress index (CWSI) as a basis for crop-based irrigation scheduling. Irrigation applications were conducted using the line-source sprinkler irrigation method to create three constraints (35, 75, and 100 % of the water requirement) and a rainfed condition (control plot) under different crop growth periods. The main plots consisted of three growth periods of safflower and only one supplementary irrigation during the vegetative, flowering, and ripening periods. The highest yield was obtained at 3.06 and 3.42 t ha–1 for 2019 and 2021, respectively, in the plot that was irrigated in each period during the growing season. The irrigation water (I) and water use efficiency (WUE) were 0.42 and 0.51 kg m–3 in the first year, and 0.47 and 0.59 kg m–3 in the second year, respectively, for the subject fully irrigated throughout the season. The upper base value, which can be utilized in calculations of the CWSI, was determined to be approximately 14.50. The lower base equation was obtained as Y = −4.9428 (VPD) + 19.121 at a statistical significance level of 1 % where Y is yield and VPD is vapor pressure deficit. The CWSI values calculated for each treatment ranged between −0.25 and 1.45. The threshold value at which irrigation should commence was determined to be 0.63, and it will serve as a valuable reference data source for irrigation scheduling. food Carthamus L. L (CWSI cropbased based scheduling linesource line 35, 35 (35 75 10 requirement control vegetative flowering 306 3 06 3.0 342 42 3.4 ha1 ha ha– 201 2021 respectively season I (I WUE (WUE 042 0 0.4 051 51 0.5 m3 m m– year 047 47 059 59 1450 14 50 14.50 49428 4 9428 −4.942 (VPD 19121 19 121 19.12 deficit 025 25 −0.2 145 45 1.45 063 63 0.63 (3 7 30 3. 34 20 202 04 0. 05 5 14.5 4942 942 −4.94 1912 12 19.1 02 2 −0. 1.4 6 0.6 ( 14. 494 94 −4.9 191 19. −0 1. 49 9 −4. − −4

ABSTRACT In January 2022 and April 2024, plants of Handroanthus heptaphyllus, designated HP22 and HP24, respectively, exhibiing symptoms of mosaic, leaf blistering, and ring spots were observed in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo state, Brazil. Molecular analysis of plant HP22 revealed the presence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, genus Cucumovirus), and phylogenetic analysis classified it into subgroup IA. Additionally, CMV was identified using a plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) in both plants (HP22 and HP24). The virus of HP22 plant was mechanically transmitted to Handroanthus albus, H. heptaphyllus, H. impetiginosus, Tabebuia heptaphylla, and T. roseoalba plants, a transmission that PTA-ELISA confirmed. Furthermore, transmission was observed from Aphis gossypii to H. heptaphyllus and T. heptaphylla plants. Despite the absence of discernible symptoms, the presence of CMV was confirmed through PTA-ELISA. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report on the occurrence of CMV in H. heptaphyllus worldwide. 202 2024 HP HP2 HP24 respectively blistering Piracicaba state Brazil CMV, (CMV Cucumovirus, Cucumovirus , Cucumovirus) IA Additionally platetrapped plate trapped enzymelinked enzyme linked PTAELISA PTA ELISA (PTA-ELISA (HP2 HP24. . HP24) albus H impetiginosus T Furthermore PTAELISA. ELISA. knowledge worldwide 20 (HP 2

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the presence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in a large family affected by familial adenomatous polyposis and identify the causative mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Thus, we aimed to determine the significance of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a phenotypic marker of the disease. Methods: A family consisting of 95 individuals was evaluated. Among these, 45 individuals were randomly selected by convenience sampling method to undergo ophthalmological evaluation. A funduscopic exam, including slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were performed in the selected patients. In those with retinal lesions, a retinography was obtained. The adenomatous polyposis coli gene was sequenced in one affected family member to identify the pathogenic mutation. Once the variant was identified, six undiagnosed family members were tested for the mutation via capillary electrophoresis sequencing. Results: Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium was observed in 13 (28.9%) of the 45 individuals evaluated. Of these, nine patients were confirmed to have familial adenomatous polyposis (via colonoscopy or molecular testing). However, four patients had not been investigated. Of the 32 (71.1%) family members without the lesion, 14 did not have familial adenomatous polyposis and 18 were yet to be evaluated. The lesions were bilaterally present and exhibited a peculiar fish-tail shape in all the evaluated individuals. Adenomatous polyposis coli gene sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant c.4031del. (Ser1344*), in heterozygosity (49.27%), in exon 16. Conclusions: The study findings confirmed the significance of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a phenotypic marker for familial adenomatous polyposis. Furthermore, it is an effective first-line screening method for at risk family members of such patients. The novel mutation identified in our study participants, which is yet to be described in the literature, causes an aggressive form of the disease. Purpose Thus disease Methods 9 these 4 evaluation exam ophthalmoscopy obtained Results 1 28.9% 289 28 (28.9% testing. testing . testing) However investigated 3 71.1% 711 71 (71.1% lesion fishtail fish tail c4031del cdel c 4031del del c.4031del Ser1344*, Ser1344 Ser Ser1344* , (Ser1344*) 49.27%, 4927 49.27% 49 27 (49.27%) 16 Conclusions Furthermore firstline first line participants literature 28.9 2 (28.9 71.1 7 (71.1 Ser134 (Ser1344* 492 49.27 (49.27% 28. (28. 71. (71. Ser13 (Ser1344 49.2 (49.27 (28 (71 Ser1 (Ser134 49. (49.2 (2 (7 (Ser13 (49. ( (Ser1 (49 (Ser (4

RESUMO: Descrevemos os achados patológicos de um aborto causado por infecção por Yersinia enterocolitica em uma ovelha. Um feto ovino abortado, em estágio tardio de gestação, e a placenta correspondente foram submetidos à avaliação patológica. As alterações patológicas estavam restritas ao corioalantoide. Macroscopicamente, os cotilédones e as regiões intercotiledonárias estavam avermelhadas e os cotilédones estavam cobertos por pequena quantidade de fibrina. As lesões histológicas consistiam em placentite fibrinosupurativa necrosante multifocal severa, com vasculite fibrinoide e mineralização. A cultura bacteriana de amostras de pulmão, abomaso e placenta revelou crescimento puro de Y. enterocolitica. Este relato descreve o primeiro caso de infecção por Y. enterocolitica causando aborto em ovino no Brasil. RESUMO ovelha abortado gestação patológica corioalantoide Macroscopicamente fibrina severa mineralização pulmão Y Brasil

ABSTRACT: We described the pathological findings of an abortion associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection in an ewe. A late-gestation aborted ovine fetus and placenta were submitted for necropsy. Pathologic changes were restricted to the chorioallantois. Grossly, cotyledons and intercodilenary regions had areas of mild red discoloration, and cotyledons were covered with a small amount of fibrin. Histological lesions consisted of multifocal, severe necrotizing and fibrinosuppurative placentitis with fibrinoid vasculitis and mineralization. Bacterial culture of lung, abomasum, and placenta samples yielded pure growth of Y. enterocolitica. This report described the first case of infection by Yersinia enterocolitica causing ovine abortion in Brazil. ABSTRACT ewe lategestation late gestation necropsy chorioallantois Grossly discoloration fibrin multifocal mineralization lung abomasum Y Brazil

RESUMO No clima semiárido, o crescimento de mudas frutíferas é desafiado pelo estresse hídrico característico da região, o que pode restringir seu desenvolvimento e, consequentemente, afetar a produção. Nesse contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do extrato pirolenhoso nas características de troca gasosa, pigmentos fotossintéticos, crescimento e biomassa de pitangueira sob diferentes intensidades de déficit hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando um delineamento em blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 3 × 2, com quatro repetições, correspondendo a períodos de déficit hídrico foram de 7 e 14 dias, além do controle (irrigação diária), no substrato sem e com extrato pirolenhoso. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto às características de trocas gasosas foliares, índices de clorofila, crescimento e biomassa seca. A aplicação de extrato pirolenhoso aos 7 dias de déficit hídrico elevou a taxa fotossintética, a eficiência de carboxilação e o índice de qualidade de Dickson das mudas de pitanga em 40,04, 42,85 e 41,51%, respectivamente, em comparação aos 14 dias de déficit hídrico. O extrato pirolenhoso foi efetivo como um atenuante do estresse hídrico nas mudas de pitanga, especialmente durante os primeiros sete dias de exposição ao estresse. Assim, sua aplicação é recomendada como uma medida preventiva e de curto prazo para mitigar tais efeitos nas mudas de pitanga. semiárido região consequentemente produção contexto gasosa fotossintéticos 2 repetições 1 irrigação diária, diária , diária) foliares clorofila seca fotossintética 4004 40 04 40,04 4285 42 85 42,8 4151 41 51 41,51% respectivamente Assim 400 4 0 40,0 428 8 42, 415 5 41,51 40, 41,5 41,

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid climate, the growth of fruit seedlings is challenged by the water stress characteristic of the region, which can restrict their development and, consequently, affect production. In this context, the aim was to assess the effect of pyroligneous extract on gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, growth, and biomass of pitanga under different intensities of water deficit. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates, corresponding to water deficit periods (7 and 14 days) and control (daily irrigation), in substrates with and without pyroligneous extract. The plants were evaluated for gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll indices, growth, and dry biomass. Application of pyroligneous extract after 7 days of water deficit increased the photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency and Dickson quality index of pitanga seedlings by 40.04, 42.85 and 41.51%, respectively, compared to 14 days of water deficit. Pyroligneous extract was effective as a water stress attenuator in pitanga seedlings, especially during the first seven days of exposure to stress. Therefore, its application is recommended as a preventive and short-term measure to mitigate such effects on pitanga seedlings. semiarid semi arid climate region consequently production context characteristics pigments scheme replicates ( 1 daily irrigation, irrigation , irrigation) indices rate 4004 40 04 40.04 4285 42 85 42.8 4151 41 51 41.51% respectively Therefore shortterm short term 400 4 0 40.0 428 8 42. 415 5 41.51 40. 41.5 41.

RESUMO: O lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) possui grande importância econômica no planalto serrano do estado de Santa Catarina, uma vez que existem inúmeras cervejarias nesta região do Brasil. Como as cultivares disponíveis no país carecem de bons atributos qualitativos e apresentam baixa produtividade de cones, existe grande demanda por genótipos melhorados. Os resultados de experimentos de cruzamento dialélico aumentam a compreensão dos processos de herança e dos mecanismos de controle associados à transferência de alelos com ação aditiva ou não aditiva, permitindo assim que os geneticistas explorem os benefícios da heterose. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as capacidades de combinação geral e específica (CGC e CEC, respectivamente) de quatro genótipos de lúpulo e obter híbridos F1 com características agronômicas superiores às dos genitores e habilidade para se adaptar às condições ambientais do planalto catarinense. Os cruzamentos dialélicos parciais foram realizados em delineamento de blocos casualizados envolvendo 14 tratamentos, i.e. dois genitores masculinos (Cascade e Hallertauer), quatro genitores femininos (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade e Hallertauer) e oito combinações híbridas, com três repetições cada. Os resultados mostraram que a CEC dos genitores foi o mecanismo de controle predominante para a manifestação nos híbridos das características comprimento do ramo lateral, altura de inserção do primeiro cone, massa verde da planta e produtividade de cones. Algumas combinações entre genitores também manifestaram CGC elevada, indicando a presença de alelos favoráveis com ação aditiva. A melhor combinação foi Hallertauer × Cascade e essa descoberta demonstra a importância da escolha de genitores originários de diferentes grupos genéticos (Americano × Europeu) para obter híbridos geneticamente melhorados. RESUMO Humulus L. L Catarina Brasil cones melhorados heterose respectivamente F catarinense 1 tratamentos ie i i.e Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook híbridas cada lateral cone elevada Americano Europeu

ABSTRACT: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are of particular economic importance in the highlands of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, by virtue of the number of breweries in the region. However, since the cultivars currently available in the country present poor qualitative attributes and low cone productivity, there is considerable demand for improved genotypes. The results of diallel crossing experiments help to increase our understanding of inheritance processes and the mechanisms controlling the transfer of alleles with additive or non-additive action, thereby allowing breeders to explore the benefits of heterosis. The present study evaluated the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of four hop genotypes and to obtain F1 hybrids with agronomic traits superior to those of the parents and the ability to adapt to the environmental conditions in the Santa Catarina highlands. Partial diallel crosses were performed using a randomized complete block design involving 14 treatments, namely two male parents (Cascade and Hallertauer), four female parents (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade and Hallertauer) and eight hybrid combinations, with three repetitions each. The results showed that SCA was the predominant controlling mechanism for the manifestation in hybrids of the traits length of the lateral branch, height of insertion of the first cone, plant green mass and cone productivity. Some parental combinations also exhibited high GCA, indicating the presence of favorable alleles with additive action. The best combination was Hallertauer × Cascade, a finding that highlights the importance of choosing parents from different gene pools (American × European) to obtain genetically enhanced hybrids. ABSTRACT Humulus L. L Brazil region However productivity nonadditive non action heterosis GCA respectively F 1 treatments Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook each branch American European

RESUMO: A mastite bovina é a doença mais impactante na indústria de laticínios e é caracterizada por uma complexidade de agentes causais, os quais têm revelado uma variação geográfica entre regiões e países. Os patógenos relacionados à mastite têm sido tradicionalmente classificados como contagiosos ou ambientais, com base na fonte de infecção ou origem e nas vias de transmissão. Além disso, a gravidade das infecções mamárias tem sido associada à virulência dos patógenos, e ao estado imunológico e nutricional dos animais. Considerando esse cenário, investigamos os agentes etiológicos, os escores de gravidade clínica e os dados de dias em lactação (DEL) em 4.273 casos clínicos de mastite bovina em dez fazendas de grande porte, quatro localizadas no sudoeste do estado de São Paulo e seis no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (283/4.273 = 6,6%), Escherichia coli (190/4.273 = 4,4%), Prototheca spp. (112/4.273 = 2,6%) e Streptococcus uberis (95/4.273 = 2,2%) foram os patógenos predominantes isolados. Entre os 4.273 casos clínicos, a pontuação de gravidade clínica estava disponível em 43,8% (1.871/4.273) dos animais. Desses, 69,8% (1.306/1.871), 27,3% (510/1.871) e 2,9% (55/1.871) foram classificados como leves, moderados e graves, respectivamente. Os patógenos foram observados principalmente em amostras obtidas durante os primeiros 100 dias em lactação, e a gravidade clínica foi principalmente classificada como leve. Nossos resultados contribuem para a identificação etiológica, a pontuação de gravidade clínica e os aspectos de ordenha de vacas com mastite em fazendas leiteiras com histórico de infecções mamárias clínicas. RESUMO causais países ambientais transmissão disso animais cenário etiológicos DEL (DEL 4273 4 273 4.27 porte Gerais Brasil 283/4.273 2834273 283 (283/4.27 6,6%, 66 6,6% , 6 6,6%) 190/4.273 1904273 190 (190/4.27 4,4%, 44 4,4% 4,4%) spp 112/4.273 1124273 112 (112/4.27 2,6% 26 2 95/4.273 954273 95 (95/4.27 2,2% 22 isolados 438 43 8 43,8 1.871/4.273 18714273 1 871 (1.871/4.273 Desses 698 69 69,8 1.306/1.871, 13061871 1.306/1.871 306 (1.306/1.871) 27 3 27,3 510/1.871 5101871 510 (510/1.871 29 9 2,9 55/1.871 551871 55 (55/1.871 leves graves respectivamente 10 leve etiológica clínicas 427 4.2 283/4.27 283427 28 (283/4.2 6,6 190/4.27 190427 19 (190/4.2 4,4 112/4.27 112427 11 (112/4.2 2,6 95/4.27 95427 (95/4.2 2,2 43, 1.871/4.27 1871427 87 (1.871/4.27 69, 1306187 1.306/1.87 30 (1.306/1.871 27, 510/1.87 510187 51 (510/1.87 2, 55/1.87 55187 5 (55/1.87 42 4. 283/4.2 28342 (283/4. 6, 190/4.2 19042 (190/4. 4, 112/4.2 11242 (112/4. 95/4.2 9542 (95/4. 1.871/4.2 187142 (1.871/4.2 130618 1.306/1.8 (1.306/1.87 510/1.8 51018 (510/1.8 55/1.8 5518 (55/1.8 283/4. 2834 (283/4 190/4. 1904 (190/4 112/4. 1124 (112/4 95/4. 954 (95/4 1.871/4. 18714 (1.871/4. 13061 1.306/1. (1.306/1.8 510/1. 5101 (510/1. 55/1. 551 (55/1. 283/4 (283/ 190/4 (190/ 112/4 (112/ 95/4 (95/ 1.871/4 1871 (1.871/4 1306 1.306/1 (1.306/1. 510/1 (510/1 55/1 (55/1 283/ (283 190/ (190 112/ (112 95/ (95 1.871/ 187 (1.871/ 130 1.306/ (1.306/1 510/ (510/ 55/ (55/ (28 (19 (11 (9 1.871 18 (1.871 13 1.306 (1.306/ (510 (55 (2 (1 ( 1.87 (1.87 1.30 (1.306 (51 (5 1.8 (1.8 1.3 (1.30 1. (1. (1.3

ABSTRACT: Bovine mastitis is the most impacting disease of dairy industry, and it is characterized by a complexity of causal agents, which have revealed a geographical variation among regions and countries. The mastitis-related pathogens have been traditionally classified as contagious or environmental, based on habits of the microorganisms and transmission routes. Besides, the severity of mammary infections has been associated with the virulence of the pathogens, and immune and nutritional status of the hosts. Considering this scenario, we investigated the etiological pattern, clinical severity scores, and days in milk (DIM) data in 4,273 clinical cases of bovine mastitis among ten large-dairy farms located in Brazil. Streptococcus dysgalactiae (283/4,273 = 6.6%), Escherichia coli (190/4,273 = 4.4%), Prototheca spp. (112/4,273 = 2.6%), and Streptococcus uberis (95/4,273 = 2.2%) were the predominant pathogens isolated. Among 4,273 clinical cases, clinical severity score was available in 43.8% (1,871/4,273) animals. From these, 69.8% (1,306/1,871), 27.3% (510/1,871), and 2.9% (55/1,871) were scored as mild, moderate, and severe, respectively. Pathogens were observed mainly in samples obtained during the first 100 days in milk, and clinical severity scored mainly as mild. Our results contributed to the etiological identification, clinical severity scoring, and milking aspects of mastitic cows in dairy farms with a history of clinical mammary infections. ABSTRACT industry agents countries mastitisrelated related environmental routes Besides hosts scenario pattern scores DIM (DIM 4273 4 273 4,27 largedairy large Brazil 283/4,273 2834273 283 (283/4,27 6.6%, 66 6.6% , 6 6.6%) 190/4,273 1904273 190 (190/4,27 4.4%, 44 4.4% 4.4%) spp 112/4,273 1124273 112 (112/4,27 2.6%, 26 2.6% 2 2.6%) 95/4,273 954273 95 (95/4,27 2.2% 22 isolated 438 43 8 43.8 1,871/4,273 18714273 1 871 (1,871/4,273 animals these 698 69 69.8 1,306/1,871, 13061871 1,306/1,871 306 (1,306/1,871) 27 3 27.3 510/1,871, 5101871 510/1,871 510 (510/1,871) 29 9 2.9 55/1,871 551871 55 (55/1,871 mild moderate severe respectively 10 identification scoring 427 4,2 283/4,27 283427 28 (283/4,2 6.6 190/4,27 190427 19 (190/4,2 4.4 112/4,27 112427 11 (112/4,2 2.6 95/4,27 95427 (95/4,2 2.2 43. 1,871/4,27 1871427 87 (1,871/4,27 69. 1306187 1,306/1,87 30 (1,306/1,871 27. 510187 510/1,87 51 (510/1,871 2. 55/1,87 55187 5 (55/1,87 42 4, 283/4,2 28342 (283/4, 6. 190/4,2 19042 (190/4, 4. 112/4,2 11242 (112/4, 95/4,2 9542 (95/4, 1,871/4,2 187142 (1,871/4,2 130618 1,306/1,8 (1,306/1,87 51018 510/1,8 (510/1,87 55/1,8 5518 (55/1,8 283/4, 2834 (283/4 190/4, 1904 (190/4 112/4, 1124 (112/4 95/4, 954 (95/4 1,871/4, 18714 (1,871/4, 13061 1,306/1, (1,306/1,8 5101 510/1, (510/1,8 55/1, 551 (55/1, 283/4 (283/ 190/4 (190/ 112/4 (112/ 95/4 (95/ 1,871/4 1871 (1,871/4 1306 1,306/1 (1,306/1, 510/1 (510/1, 55/1 (55/1 283/ (283 190/ (190 112/ (112 95/ (95 1,871/ 187 (1,871/ 130 1,306/ (1,306/1 510/ (510/1 55/ (55/ (28 (19 (11 (9 1,871 18 (1,871 13 1,306 (1,306/ (510/ (55 (2 (1 ( 1,87 (1,87 1,30 (1,306 (510 (5 1,8 (1,8 1,3 (1,30 (51 1, (1, (1,3

RESUMO: A regularização ambiental da piscicultura continental no Brasil está intimamente ligada à ocupação e uso do solo, as áreas utilizadas para a atividade estão em sua maioria inseridas em áreas de preservação permanente (APP), próximas a rios e nascentes. Esse cenário demonstra a relação entre a atividade e o cumprimento da lei, referente às questões florestais no país. Santa Catarina é um dos estados líderes na piscicultura e um dos primeiros a regulamentar o uso de áreas de preservação permanente (APPs). Assim, foi avaliada a viabilidade de uma proposta de compensação ambiental para regularizar o uso de APPs em Santa Catarina para a piscicultura. Os resultados mostraram que 74% das pisciculturas analisadas precisam regularizar a ocupação das estruturas de produção em APPs. Com relação ao índice proposto de compensação pelo uso em APP, o fator de compensação ambiental (FCA), por meio da avaliação dos mapas individuais e posterior avaliação integrada, todas as pisciculturas identificadas com passivos ambientais em ocupação apresentavam relações de 1:2 e 1:3, sendo este índice uma alternativa viável para a regularização ambiental da atividade. No entanto, propõe-se que o ECF seja aplicado a pequenas pisciculturas, de até quatro módulos fiscais e que tenham um perfil de ocupação mínima padrão em relação à área total da propriedade, conforme avaliado no presente estudo. RESUMO solo APP , (APP) nascentes lei país . (APPs) Assim 74 FCA, FCA (FCA) integrada 12 1 2 1: 13, 13 3, 3 1:3 entanto propõese propõe se propriedade estudo (APP (APPs 7 (FCA

ABSTRACT: The environmental regulation of continental fish farming in Brazil is closely linked to land occupation and use. Areas used for this activity are mostly located in permanent preservation areas (PPA), close to rivers and springs, demonstrating the necessity of regulating this activity for its compliance with public policy. Santa Catarina is a leading state in fish farming and one of the first to regulate the use of PPAs. The feasibility of a proposal for environmental compensation to regularize the use of PPAs in Santa Catarina for fish farming; was therefore, assessed. The results showed that 74% of the fish farms analyzed need to regularize the occupation of production structures in PPAs. Regarding the proposed index of compensation for use in PPAs, the environmental compensation factor (ECF), through evaluation of the individual maps and subsequent integrated evaluation, all the fish farms identified with environmental liabilities in occupation had ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, and this index is a viable alternative for environmental regularization of the activity. It was further proposed that ECF be applied to small fish farms of up to four fiscal modules and that they have a standard minimum occupancy profile in relation to the total area of the property, as assessed in the present study. ABSTRACT PPA, PPA , (PPA) springs policy therefore 74 ECF, (ECF) 12 1 2 1: 13, 13 3, 3 1:3 property study (PPA 7 (ECF

Resumo Qual o papel da Justiça Eleitoral na condução das eleições? Esta pergunta orientou vários trabalhos sobre o período democrático atual. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre a fase inicial da Justiça Eleitoral é quase que inexistente. Este artigo constitui uma tentativa preliminar de elucidar os “primeiros passos” da Justiça Eleitoral na condução da eleição de 1933. Partindo de um arcabouço analítico centrado em quatro aspectos – organização da eleição, imparcialidade, independência e rule-making –, e por meio de um levantamento de dados inéditos em jornais e fontes oficiais, o estudo revela que em 1932 a Justiça Eleitoral apresentava 1) um elevado comprometimento nos aspectos organizacionais, ainda que atuasse em condições de 2) relativa parcialidade, sobretudo no âmbito administrativo local. O artigo conclui propondo que o tema da democratização no Brasil deva ir além das dimensões clássicas discutidas pela literatura (sufrágio, voto secreto, competição política) e passe a incorporar o papel da Justiça Eleitoral, contribuindo para a construção de uma agenda de pesquisa em torno deste ramo especializado do Poder Judiciário. eleições atual Entretanto inexistente primeiros passos 1933 imparcialidade rulemaking rule making oficiais 193 1 organizacionais 2 parcialidade local sufrágio, sufrágio (sufrágio secreto política Judiciário 19

Résumé Quel est le rôle de la Justice Électorale au Brésil ? Cette question a guidé de nombreux travaux sur la période démocratique actuelle. Cependant, la connaissance de la phase initiale de la Justice Électorale est presque inexistante. Cet article constitue une tentative préliminaire visant à élucider les “premiers pas” de la Justice Électorale dans la conduite de l’élection de 1933. En partant d’un cadre analytique centré sur quatre aspects - l’organisation de l’élection, l’impartialité, l’indépendance et l’élaboration des règles -, et grâce à une collecte de données inédites dans les journaux et les sources officielles, l’étude montre qu’à l’époque, la Justice Électorale présentait 1) un fort engagement dans les aspects organisationnels, bien qu’elle agissait dans des conditions de 2) partialité relative, surtout au niveau administratif local. Je conclus en proposant un programme de recherche pour les années à venir dans lequel le rôle de la Justice Électorale dans la conduite des élections est considéré comme l’axe central pour problématiser la démocratisation au Brésil au-delà des dimensions classiques (suffrage, vote secret, compétition politique) discutées dans la littérature. actuelle Cependant inexistante premiers pas lélection l élection 1933 dun d lorganisation organisation lélection, élection, limpartialité, limpartialité impartialité, impartialité l’impartialité lindépendance indépendance lélaboration élaboration , officielles létude étude quà qu lépoque, lépoque époque, époque l’époque 1 organisationnels quelle elle 2 relative local laxe axe audelà delà suffrage, suffrage (suffrage secret politique littérature 193 19

Resumen ¿Cuál es el papel de la Justicia Electoral en Brasil? Esta cuestión ha guiado varios trabajos sobre el actual periodo democrático. Sin embargo, los conocimientos sobre la fase inicial de la justicia electoral son casi inexistentes. Este artículo es un intento preliminar de dilucidar los “primeros pasos” de la Justicia Electoral en la conducción de las elecciones de 1933. A partir de un marco analítico centrado en cuatro aspectos – organización de la elección, imparcialidad, independencia y elaboración de normas – y mediante un estudio de datos inéditos procedentes de periódicos y fuentes oficiales, el estudio demuestra que en aquella época la Justicia Electoral estaba 1) muy comprometida con sus aspectos organizativos, aunque actuaba en condiciones de 2) relativa parcialidad, especialmente en el ámbito administrativo local. Concluyo proponiendo una agenda de investigación para los próximos años en la que sea considerado el papel de la Justicia Electoral en la conducción de las elecciones como un eje central para problematizar la democratización en Brasil más allá de las dimensiones clásicas (sufragio, voto secreto, competencia política) discutidas en la literatura. Cuál democrático embargo inexistentes primeros pasos 1933 elección imparcialidad oficiales 1 organizativos 2 parcialidad local sufragio, sufragio (sufragio secreto política literatura 193 19

Abstract What is the role of the Electoral Justice in Brazil? This question has guided several studies on the current democratic period. However, there is almost no knowledge about the initial phase of the Electoral Justice. This article is a preliminary attempt to elucidate the “first steps” of the Electoral Justice in the conduct of the 1933 election. Based on an analytical framework centered on four aspects - organization of the election, impartiality, independence and rule-making - and through a survey of unpublished data from newspapers and official sources, the study shows that at the time the Electoral Justice was highly committed to organizational aspects, even though it acted in conditions of relative partiality, especially at the local administrative level. I conclude by proposing a research agenda for the coming years in which the role of the Electoral Justice in the conduct of elections is considered as a central axis for problematizing democratization in Brazil beyond the classic dimensions (suffrage, secret ballot, political competition) discussed in the literature. period However first steps 193 election impartiality rulemaking rule making sources partiality level suffrage, suffrage (suffrage ballot competition literature 19 1

Resumo Este artigo trata da repressão política exercida no Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas Científicas e Técnicas (CONICET) durante a última ditadura militar na Argentina e da primeira experiência de reparação dos arquivos de pessoal assassinado e/ou desaparecido que o CONICET iniciou recentemente. Além da revisão bibliográfica e documental, realizamos entrevistas com informantes-chave e construímos uma matriz com dados primários sobre as vítimas da repressão na organização com base em uma revisão detalhada de mais de 8.000 resoluções institucionais entre 1973 e 1983. A matriz chegou a um total de 2.843 casos, 78% dos quais corresponderam a expulsões forçadas (demissões em massa e pedidos de licença) e 21% a exonerações pela organização (exonerações, demissões e outras medidas). Os resultados obtidos nos permitem medir o impacto da ditadura na principal organização científica da Argentina, algo que não havia sido estudado anteriormente. (CONICET eou ou recentemente documental informanteschave informantes chave 8000 8 000 8.00 197 1983 2843 2 843 2.84 casos 78 licença 21 exonerações, (exonerações medidas. medidas . medidas) anteriormente 800 00 8.0 19 198 284 84 2.8 7 80 0 8. 1 28 2.

Résumé Cet article traite de la répression politique exercée au Conseil national de la recherche scientifique et technique (CONICET) lors de la dernière dictature militaire en Argentine et de la première expérience de réparation des archives du personnel assassiné et/ou disparu que le CONICET a récemment entamée. En plus de la révision bibliographique et documentaire, nous avons mené des entretiens avec des informateurs clés et construit une matrice avec des données primaires sur les victimes de la répression dans l’organisation sur la base d’une révision détaillée de plus de 8000 résolutions institutionnelles entre 1973 et 1983. La matrice a atteint un total de 2.843 cas, dont 78% ont été des expulsions forcées (licenciements massifs et demandes de congé) et 21% d’exemptions par l’organisation (révocation, licenciements et autres mesures). Les résultats obtenus nous permettent de mesurer l’impact de la dictature sur la principale organisation scientifique en Argentine, ce qui n’avait pas été étudié auparavant. (CONICET etou ou entamée documentaire lorganisation l dune d 800 197 1983 2843 2 843 2.84 cas 78 congé 21 dexemptions exemptions révocation, révocation (révocation mesures. mesures . mesures) limpact impact navait n avait auparavant 80 19 198 284 84 2.8 7 8 1 28 2.

Resumen Este trabajo aborda la represión política ejercida en el Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) durante la última Dictadura militar argentina y la primera experiencia de reparación de legajos del personal asesinado y/o desaparecido que el CONICET inició recientemente. Además de la revisión bibliográfica y documental; realizamos entrevistas a informantes claves y construimos una matriz con datos primarios sobre las víctimas de la represión en el organismo a partir de la revisión pormenorizada de más de 8000 resoluciones institucionales entre 1973 y 1983. La matriz alcanzó un total de 2843 casos, de los cuales el 78% corresponde a expulsiones forzadas (renuncias masivas y pedidos de licencias) y el 21% a exoneraciones por parte del organismo (bajas, cesantías y otras medidas). Los resultados obtenidos permiten dimensionar el impacto de la dictadura en el principal organismo científico argentino, algo que no había sido estudiado previamente. (CONICET yo o recientemente documental 800 197 1983 284 casos 78 renuncias licencias 21 bajas, bajas (bajas medidas. medidas . medidas) argentino previamente 80 19 198 28 7 2 8 1

Abstract This paper deals with the political repression carried out at the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) during the last military dictatorship in Argentina and the first experience to repair the files of murdered and/or disappeared people that CONICET began recently. In addition to the bibliographic and documental review, we interviewed key informants and built a matrix with primary data on the repression victims in the organization based on a detailed review of over 8,000 institutional resolutions between 1973 and 1983. The matrix arrived at a total of 2,843 cases, 78% of which corresponded to forced evictions (mass layoffs and license requests) and 21% to dismissals by the organization (dismissals, layoffs and other measures). The results obtained allow us to measure the impact of the dictatorship on Argentina’s main scientific organization, which had not been studied before. (CONICET andor or recently 8000 8 000 8,00 197 1983 2843 2 843 2,84 cases 78 mass requests 21 dismissals, (dismissals measures. measures . measures) Argentinas s before 800 00 8,0 19 198 284 84 2,8 7 80 0 8, 1 28 2,