RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender, avaliar e analisar diversas questões relacionadas à produção de trigo duro. A população do estudo consistia em produtores de trigo duro que trabalhavam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. A amostra do estudo foi determinada usando o método de amostragem aleatória simples entre produtores de trigo duro que operam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. No estudo, o critério “quilo vendas” mostrou-se mais importante que os demais. A variedade “Eyyübi” apresentou o melhor desempenho em comparação com outras alternativas. Verificou-se também que as prioridades dos produtores na seleção das variedades eram a resistência/tolerância da variedade a doenças e pragas, o preço de venda no mercado e o preço da semente. A Turquia se destaca como um importante país produtor de trigo duro. Em segundo lugar, o produto com melhor desempenho na Turquia no eixo custo-benefício é o Eyyübi. RESUMO compreender Ergani Yenişehir Çınar Diyarbakır quilo vendas mostrouse mostrou demais Eyyübi “Eyyübi alternativas Verificouse Verificou resistênciatolerância resistência tolerância pragas semente lugar custobenefício custo benefício

ABSTRACT: This study was to understand, evaluated and analyzed various issues related to durum wheat production. The population of the study consisted of durum wheat producers working in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method among durum wheat producers operating in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. In the study, the “sales kg” criterion was reported to be more important than the others. The “Eyyübi” variety was have the highest performance compared to other alternatives. It was also found that producers’ priorities in variety selection were resistance/tolerance of the variety to diseases and pests, market selling price and seed price. Türkiye stands out as an important durum wheat producing country. Secondly, the best performing product in Türkiye on the cost-benefit axis is Eyyübi This study was carried out with the financial support of TAGEM. It is declared that there is no conflict of interest. ABSTRACT understand production Ergani Yenişehir province sales kg others “Eyyübi alternatives resistancetolerance resistance tolerance pests country Secondly costbenefit cost benefit TAGEM interest

RESUMO A Teoria da Dependência dos Recursos procura entender como fatores externos influenciam o comportamento da organização, sua dependência e diversificação de recursos. Este estudo analisa a influência dos desempenhos econômico-financeiro e esportivo na diversificação das receitas de 24 clubes de futebol brasileiros. A composição das receitas foi analisada por meio da classificação da APFUT, adicionada da categoria “Receitas Financeiras”, enquanto o indicador Hirschman-Herfindahl adaptado foi utilizado para medir o nível de diversificação. Os resultados indicam que as principais receitas dos clubes são Direitos de Transmissão, Repasse de Direitos Federativos e Patrocínio. Os modelos apontaram efeitos positivos da rentabilidade e Ranking da CBF, e negativo do acesso à primeira divisão no nível de diversificação, indicando a relevância de elementos econômicos e esportivos. Este estudo contribui para a análise dos desempenhos esportivo e econômico-financeiro, os quais afetam a gestão de receitas, bem como endossa a discussão sobre a necessidade de diversificação das receitas como uma das medidas para evitar dificuldades financeiras. organização recursos econômicofinanceiro econômico financeiro 2 brasileiros APFUT Receitas Financeiras, Financeiras , Financeiras” HirschmanHerfindahl Hirschman Herfindahl Transmissão Patrocínio CBF esportivos econômicofinanceiro, financeiro, financeiras

ABSTRACT The Resource Dependence Theory seeks to understand how external factors influence an organization's behavior, dependency, and diversification of resources. This study analyzes the influence of economic-financial and sports performance on the revenue diversification of 24 Brazilian football clubs. The composition of the revenues was analyzed through the APFUT classification, with the addition of the "Financial Revenues" category, while the adapted Hirschman-Herfindahl Index was used to measure the level of diversification. The results indicate that the clubs' main revenues are Broadcasting Rights, Transfer of Federative Rights, and Sponsorship. The models pointed to the positive effects of profitability and Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) Ranking and the negative effect of promotion to the first division on the diversification level, indicating the relevance of economic and sports elements. This study contributes to the analysis of sports and economic-financial performance, which affect revenue management, and endorses the discussion on the need for revenue diversification as one of the measures to avoid financial difficulties. organizations organization s behavior dependency resources economicfinancial 2 clubs classification Financial Revenues category HirschmanHerfindahl Hirschman Herfindahl Rights Sponsorship CBF (CBF elements management difficulties

ABSTRACT: Meat consumption has been declining in favor of a shift towards poultry due to its lower price, health benefits and consumers’ preference. One of the ways to enhance broiler production and quality is to substitute standard maize (SM) with quality protein maize (QPM) in animal diets. QPM is a high lysine maize with improved nutritional and biological values, developed by the selection of a naturally occurring recessive opaque2 mutation, which can reduce the use of costly feed components - synthetic lysine and protein ingredients such as soybean and fishmeal. Different feeding trials with QPM in broiler diets indicated that body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast meat yield (BMY), and abdominal fat (AF) are the main improved features. Herein, an overview of the effects of QPM on broiler performance and carcass characteristics, as well as the financial effects of its use, is presented. Different effects of QPM were observed, depending, in the main, on the QPM hybrid used in the trial. The possible reasons for the discrepancies and suggestions for overcoming them, focused on the utilization of the full potential of QPM, are discussed. ABSTRACT price consumers preference SM (SM (QPM values opaque mutation fishmeal BWG, BWG , (BWG) FCR, FCR (FCR) BMY, BMY (BMY) AF (AF features Herein characteristics presented observed depending trial them discussed (BWG (FCR (BMY

RESUMEN La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos de la transformación digital en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador. Para lograr este objetivo se establecieron tres objetivos específicos, que fueron: identificar los cambios que la transformación digital ha generado en los procesos contables y financieros en empresas ecuatorianas de diversos sectores industriales, analizar las percepciones de los contadores y financieros sobre la adopción de tecnologías digitales en sus tareas cotidianas y cómo afecta a su desempeño laboral, y evaluar la efectividad de las soluciones tecnológicas implementadas en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador, en términos de eficiencia, reducción de costos y mejora en la toma de decisiones. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se utilizó un diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transversal y se aplicó un cuestionario a 150 contadores y financieros de diferentes empresas de Ecuador. Los resultados de la investigación indican que la transformación digital ha tenido un impacto positivo en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador, ya que ha permitido una mayor eficiencia en los procesos, reducción de costos y mejora en la toma de decisiones. Asimismo, los contadores y financieros perciben que la adopción de tecnologías digitales en sus tareas cotidianas ha mejorado su desempeño laboral y les ha permitido enfocarse en tareas más estratégicas. En cuanto a las soluciones tecnológicas implementadas en el sector contable y financiero, se encontró que las más utilizadas son el software de contabilidad y finanzas, los sistemas de gestión de recursos empresariales y los sistemas de gestión documental. Estas soluciones han demostrado ser efectivas en la mejora de los procesos y en la reducción de costos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of digital transformation in the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador. To achieve this objective, three specific objectives were established, which were: to identify the changes that digital transformation has generated in accounting and financial processes in Ecuadorian companies from various industrial sectors, to analyze the perceptions of accountants and financiers about the adoption of digital technologies in their daily tasks and how it affects their work performance, and evaluate the effectiveness of the technological solutions implemented in the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador, in terms of efficiency, cost reduction and improvement in decision making. To carry out this research, a non-experimental cross-sectional research design was used and a questionnaire was applied to 150 accountants and financiers from different companies in Ecuador. The results of the research indicate that digital transformation has had a positive impact on the accounting and financial sector in Ecuador, since it has allowed greater efficiency in processes, cost reduction, and improved decision-making. Likewise, accountants and financiers perceive that the adoption of digital technologies in their daily tasks has improved their work performance and has allowed them to focus on more strategic tasks. Regarding the technological solutions implemented in the accounting and financial sector, it was found that the most used are accounting and finance software, business resource management systems and document management systems. These solutions have proven to be effective in improving processes and reducing costs.

Abstract The surging health and financial costs of diseases, disabilities, and disparities support the global acceleration of interests and investments in health AI for better, cheaper, faster, and fairer health solutions globally and locally. Yet there is no consensus on practically operationalizing responsible AI principles across diverse global sectors, states, and belief systems. This proof-of-concept study utilizes the global pluralistic ethical framework (the Personalist Social Contract) to therefore provide the first known Bayesian augmented AI-driven Computational Ethical (AiCE) and policy analysis integrating clinical, cost effectiveness, and healthcare disparity analyses with nationally representative data to estimate the global cost of healthcare disparities in colonoscopy (CS) and the savings from AI-enabled CS to reduce them. It suggests that reversing racial disparities particularly for Hispanics and Asians may save American healthcare systems $17.61 billion annually, with AI-augmented CS potentially contributing savings of $625.40 million for Hispanics and $289.00 million for Asians in particular (with similar cost savings for vulnerable communities in middle and low-income countries also). The above findings support the cost savings imperative for such strategic and capacity-building investment in these AI-driven measures to improve healthcare’s strategic aims of Sustainability, Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Equity (SEEE). Such empirical results inform the larger global bioethical argument from the twin dimensions of human dignity and human security (rooted in the personalist, multicultural, and metaphysical account of the person as a member of the global human family) to highlight the AI ethical imperative to optimize the performance of the global digital health ecosystem. Such an instrumental end is a critical means of advancing toward the ultimate end of the common good, in which the individual good of each person is safeguarded and in which it finds her/his fulfillment working toward.

Resumen El aumento de los costos sanitarios y financieros de las enfermedades, las discapacidades y las disparidades respalda la aceleración mundial de los intereses y las inversiones en IA (inteligencia artificial) sanitaria para lograr soluciones sanitarias mejores, más baratas, más rápidas y justas a escala mundial y local. Sin embargo, no existe un consenso sobre la aplicación práctica de los principios de la IA responsable en diversos sectores, estados y sistemas de creencias de todo el mundo. Este estudio de prueba de concepto utiliza el marco ético pluralista global (el Contrato Social Personalista) para proporcionar, por tanto, el primer análisis conocido de ética computacional (AiCE, por sus siglas en inglés) y política basado en IA aumentada bayesiana que integra análisis clínicos, de rentabilidad y de disparidades en la atención sanitaria con datos representativos a nivel nacional para estimar el costo global de las disparidades en la atención sanitaria en la colonoscopia (CS, por sus siglas en inglés) y el ahorro de la CS habilitada por IA para reducirlas. El estudio sugiere que revertir las disparidades raciales, en particular entre hispanos y asiáticos, puede ahorrar a los sistemas sanitarios estadounidenses 17.610 millones de dólares al año, con un ahorro potencial de 625,40 millones de dólares para los hispanos y 289 millones de dólares para los asiáticos en particular (con un ahorro similar para las comunidades vulnerables en países de ingresos medios y bajos). Los resultados anteriores respaldan el imperativo de ahorro de costos que supone la inversión estratégica y de capacitación en estas medidas impulsadas por la IA para mejorar los objetivos estratégicos de sostenibilidad, eficacia, eficiencia y equidad (SEEE) de la atención sanitaria. Estos resultados empíricos informan el argumento bioético global más amplio de las dimensiones gemelas de la dignidad y la seguridad humanas (arraigadas en el relato personalista, multicultural y metafísico de la persona como miembro de la familia humana global) para destacar el imperativo ético de la IA para optimizar el rendimiento del ecosistema sanitario digital global. Semejante fin instrumental es un medio decisivo para avanzar hacia el fin último del bien común, en el que se salvaguarda el bien individual de cada persona y en el que éste encuentra su realización trabajando hacia él.

Abstract The aim of this article was to analyze the financial impact produced of the COVD-19 Pandemic on the companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index. The Event Study technique was applied to 30 entities comprising the DJIA, considering the financial impact of the dates of the World Health Organization (WHO) announcements on stock returns. The results of the analysis demonstrate the existence of favorable evidence regarding the market efficiency of the DJIA. Additionally, it was shown that the stock market returns of the organizations that make up the technology sector have a positive performance in light of reports on health crises disseminated by the WHO.

Resumen El objetivo fue analizar los efectos financieros producidos por la pandemia de covid-19 en las empresas que integran el índice Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA). Se realizó la aplicación de la técnica estudio de eventos a 30 entidades que conforman el DJIA, considerando el impacto financiero de las fechas de los comunicados de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en los rendimientos accionarios. Los resultados del análisis prueban la existencia de evidencia favorable con relación a la eficiencia de mercado del DJIA. Además, se pudo demostrar que los beneficios bursátiles de las organizaciones que integran el sector tecnología tienen un rendimiento positivo ante los informes sobre crisis sanitarias difundidos por la OMS. Códigos JEL: G14, G41, 115.

Abstract This study explores the correlation between gender diversity in corporate leadership and financial distress in the business sector. The research aims to understand the role of gender balance in corporate stability and resilience, hypothesizing a potential inverse relationship with financial distress. The methodology includes a purposive sampling of firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Market, utilizing logistic regression models and analysis. Results suggest that firms with a higher proportion of women in top leadership positions experience fewer instances of financial distress and demonstrate greater corporate stability. The findings point towards the efficacy of gender-balanced leadership teams in preventing financial turmoil, advancing our understanding of diversity's role in enhancing organizational sustainability. JEL Classification: M41, M42.

Resumen Este estudio explora la correlación entre la diversidad de género en el liderazgo corporativo y las dificultades financieras en el sector empresarial. La investigación tiene como objetivo comprender el papel del equilibrio de género en la estabilidad y resiliencia corporativa, planteando la hipótesis de una posible relación inversa con las dificultades financieras. La metodología incluye un muestreo intencional de empresas que cotizan en la Bolsa de Valores de Indonesia, utilizando modelos y análisis de regresión logística. Los resultados sugieren que las empresas con una mayor proporción de mujeres en puestos de liderazgo superior experimentan menos casos de dificultades financieras y demuestran más estabilidad corporativa. Los hallazgos apuntan hacia la eficacia de los equipos de liderazgo con equilibrio de género para prevenir las turbulencias financieras, lo que mejora nuestra comprensión del papel de la diversidad en la mejora de la sostenibilidad organizacional.

The aim of this study is to identify the guiding principles of game activism to contribute to possible definitions of the movement, allowing similar phenomena to be identified and distinguished from other activisms. The territoriality of the research is built on the confrontation between the categories of games and their articulation with activism and the streets. Starting from the basic concept of game activism as the use of electronic games in the articulation of these languages with social and political objectives, the article will go through the movements in their different fronts of action, such as educational use, promoting social causes and criticizing the games industry. As part of ongoing research, it is based more on hypotheses than conclusions: the nature of the video game, when considering its genealogy - in this context, from commercial battles to maintaining the aesthetic ideal of graphic performance - is competitive and commercialized and a deconstructed video game demands more than inclusion policies. The deconstruction of the video game demands and participates in the dismantling of communities, commercial exchanges, labour and aesthetic concepts; the military past and the financial nature of the video game-product define a category of game, but do not limit the creative power of the video game. Crossing the debate on gamification or educational games, the question of the console, platforms and hacking in the colonizing principle of the game or narrative as power, game activism is developing in a complex context that requires careful evaluation to question the limits and possibilities of this emerging language of activism.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo levantar os princípios norteadores do gameativismo para contribuir para possíveis definições do movimento, permitindo a identificação de fenômenos semelhantes e a distinção de outros ativismos. A territorialidade da pesquisa se constrói pelo confronto entre as categorias de games e as articulação destas com o ativismo e as ruas. Partindo do conceito base de gameativismo como o uso de jogos eletrônicos na articulação destas linguagens com objetivos sociais e políticos, o artigo atravessará os movimentos em suas diferentes frentes de ação, como o uso educativo, na promoção de causa sociais e para a crítica à indústria de jogos. Como parte de uma pesquisa em andamento, parte-se mais de hipóteses que de conclusões: a natureza do videogame, quando considerada sua genealogia - nesse contexto, das batalhas comerciais até a manutenção do ideal estético da performance gráfica - é competitiva e mercadológica e um videogame desconstruído exige mais que políticas de inclusão. A desconstrução do videogame demanda e participa da desestruturação das comunidades, das trocas comerciais, do trabalho e de conceitos estéticos; o passado militar e o caráter financeiro do videogame-produto definem uma categoria de jogo, mas não limitam sua potência criativa. Atravessando o debate da gamificação ou jogos educativos, a questão do console, das plataformas e do hacking no princípio colonizador do game ou da narrativa como poder, o gameativismo se desenvolve em um contexto complexo, que demanda avaliação criteriosa a fim de questionar os limites e as possibilidades dessa linguagem emergente de ativismo.

Resumen: En el escenario competitivo del sector bancario, las actividades de marketing y branding se han convertido en un elemento crucial para el éxito a largo plazo de las instituciones financieras. Desde la gestión del brand equity, la confianza y la lealtad son esenciales, no solo en los procesos operativos con los usuarios, sino en la consolidación de la marca como un activo estratégico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la multidimensionalidad del brand equity para el sector bancario desde la perspectiva de la generación Z. Se desarrolla un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico y de corte transversal, utilizando el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio a partir de un instrumento aplicado de forma on line a personas pertenecientes a este segmento generacional. Los hallazgos infieren que el brand equity en el sector bancario dirigido a la generación Z está conformado por las siguientes dimensiones: fidelidad e importancia de la marca (FIM), calidad percibida (CP), asociación de marca (AM), rendimiento de la marca (RM) y conciencia de la marca (CM). Se concluye que el sector bancario debe seguir consolidando su brand equity como actividad estratégica a partir de dichas dimensiones, fortaleciendo el posicionamiento de sus marcas, su participación y su orientación al mercado, garantizando el entendimiento de las necesidades, deseos y comportamientos de la generación Z.

Abstract: In the competitive scenario of the banking sector, marketing and branding activities have become a crucial element for the long-term success of financial institutions. From the perspective of brand equity management, trust and loyalty are essential, not only in the operational processes with users, but also in the consolidation of the brand as a strategic asset. The aim of this research was to analyse the multidimensionality of brand equity for the banking sector from the perspective of Generation Z. A quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on an instrument applied online to people belonging to this generational segment. The findings infer that brand equity in the banking sector aimed at Generation Z is made up of the following dimensions: brand loyalty and importance (BLI), perceived quality (PQ), brand association (BA), brand performance (BP) and brand awareness (BA). It is concluded that the banking sector must continue to consolidate its brand equity as a strategic activity based on these dimensions, strengthening its brand positioning, market share and market orientation, ensuring an understanding of the needs, desires, and behaviours of Generation Z.

Abstract: Manufacturing companies face demand fluctuations and must deliver the required quantity of parts to their customers within the required time; however, companies face different challenges in fulfilling them. One is technological advances, which make it impossible for them to compete with other countries, such as China, due to financial issues. Therefore, manufacturing companies use continuous improvement methodologies to achieve better performance in their processes. Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing are some of the best-known approaches. This article briefly presents the application of a lean sigma approach oriented to solving problems. This research proposes a methodology based on Lean Sigma that contrasts what different authors currently do: continuous improvement projects that take up to 12 months to produce results and do not solve a problem. This implementation is conducted in a process that manufactures metal parts and fails to deliver them on time to its customers. Using tools such as the Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) in a production line, on-time deliveries were increased from 89 % to 96 %; at the same time, the model change times were reduced by approximately 60 %, which is required for the implementation of this methodology for only four weeks, unlike the traditional six-sigma approach that can take up to 12 months to improve the process.

Resumen: Las empresas manufactureras presentan fluctuaciones en sus demandas y no entregan a sus clientes la cantidad de partes en el tiempo requerido. Son diferentes los retos que enfrentan estas empresas, uno de ellos son los avances tecnológicos que, por cuestiones financieras, no es posible competir con otros países, tales como China. Es por esto, que las empresas manufactureras hacen uso de metodologías de mejora continua para lograr un mayor desempeño en sus procesos. Algunos de los enfoques más conocidos son Seis Sigma y Manufactura Esbelta. En este artículo se presenta una aplicación de un enfoque Lean-Sigma, el cual se orienta a resolver problemas en un corto periodo de tiempo. El propósito de esta investigación es proponer una metodología basada en Lean-Sigma que permita contrastar lo que hacen diferentes autores en la actualidad, que básicamente son proyectos de mejora continua que tardan hasta doce meses en dar resultados y que no resuelven un problema. Esta implementación se lleva a cabo en un proceso que fabrica partes metálicas, el cual está incumpliendo con su cliente en las entregas a tiempo. Utilizando la herramienta de cambios rápidos de modelo (SMED) se lograron incrementar las entregas a tiempo de un 89 % a un 96 %. A su vez, los tiempos de cambio de modelo se reducen aproximadamente un 60 %, siendo requeridas para la implementación de esta metodología solo cuatro semanas, a diferencia del enfoque tradicional de seis sigma que puede tomar hasta doce meses para mejorar un proceso.

Resumen Las organizaciones están integrando cada vez más cuestiones ambientales en sus planes estratégicos. Así, esta investigación analiza cómo la estrategia de negocios sustentable (GBS, por sus siglas en inglés) y la responsabilidad social corporativa (CSR, por sus siglas en inglés) impactan en el rendimiento financiero (FP, por sus siglas en inglés). Además, se analiza el rol mediador de la CSR en la relación entre la GBS y el FP. El estudio empírico utiliza el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de 300 empresas manufactureras de México. Los resultados muestran relaciones positivas y significativas entre la GBS, la CSR y el FP, mientras que también se verificó el papel mediador significativamente positivo de la CSR. Por lo tanto, los objetivos ambientales establecidos por la GBS contribuyen al FP de las empresas manufactureras mexicanas. La CSR también colabora en este sentido, pero solo parcialmente al mediar la relación entre la GBS y el FP. Los hallazgos respaldan la importancia de incorporar cuestiones ambientales en la planeación estratégica de las empresas para garantizar no solo beneficios económicos, sino también sociales a través de las actividades de GBS y CSR.

Abstract Organizations are increasingly integrating environmental concerns in their strategic plans. This research analyzes how green business strategy (GBS) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) impact financial performance (FP). In addition, we analyze the mediating role of CSR in the relationship between GBS and FP. The empirical application uses structural equation modeling on a sample of 300 manufacturing firms from Mexico. The results show positive and significant relationships between GBS, CSR and FP, while the significantly positive mediating role of CSR was also verified. Thus, the environmental objectives set by the GBS contribute to the FP of Mexican manufacturing firms. CSR also collaborates to this end but only partially by mediating the relationship between GBS and FP. The findings support the importance of incorporating environmental concerns in businesses' strategic planning in order to ensure not only economic but also social benefits through GBS and CSR activities.

Abstract In this article, we present a case study whose objective was to analyze the regional management of state higher education institutions by conducting a theoretical review of innovation systems approaches. We carried out a qualitative interpretive study and qualitative data analysis, with a case study design. The information collection techniques used were diverse: documentary analysis and interviews. The results indicate that regional management in state higher education institutions has evolved since their inception, following the governance guidelines established by the educational institutions for their development and regional innovation systems. However, the results show regional challenges in terms of financial sustainability, branch management, academic offerings, inter-university articulation, and governance. At the regional level, there are a series of actors in Costa Rica who participate in the dynamics of regional governance, among them are state universities playing a fundamental role as promoters of social, economic, and environmental development in localities. We face significant challenges in the realm of territorial planning and governance, which include coordination between multiple levels of planning and diverse actors, as well as the alignment of various territorial development strategies. These intricately related elements require meticulous management to ensure cohesive and sustainable regional development. Academic interest in regional innovation systems has been on the rise, particularly concerning the generation and diffusion of knowledge. Within this field, the concepts of proximity and concentration become especially relevant, enhancing regional approaches. Formulating effective policies to drive regional innovation is crucial not only to understand the innovation and learning capacity of companies but also the performance of the sectoral innovation system.

Resumen En el presente artículo presentamos un estudio de caso cuyo objetivo fue analizar la gestión regional de las instituciones de educación superior estatal realizando una revisión teórica de los enfoques de sistemas de innovación. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo de corte interpretativo y cualitativo de análisis de datos, con un diseño de estudio de caso. Las técnicas de recolección de información fueron diversas: análisis documental y entrevistas. Los resultados indican que la gestión regional en las instituciones de educación superior estatal ha evolucionado desde su creación, siguiendo la pauta de la gobernanza establecida por las casas de enseñanza para su desarrollo y los sistemas de innovación regional, sin embargo, los resultados muestran desafíos regionales en materia de: sostenibilidad financiera, gestión de sedes, oferta académica, articulación interuniversitaria y gobernanza. A nivel regional existen una serie de actores en Costa Rica que participan de la dinámica de gobernanza regional, dentro de estas están las universidades estatales desempeñando un papel fundamental como promotor del desarrollo social, económico y ambiental de las localidades. Nos enfrentamos a desafíos significativos en la esfera de la planificación y gobernanza territorial, que incluyen la coordinación entre múltiples niveles de planificación y diversos actores y la alineación de variadas estrategias de desarrollo territorial. Estos elementos, intrincadamente relacionados, requieren una gestión meticulosa para asegurar un desarrollo cohesivo y sostenible de las regiones. El interés académico en los sistemas regionales de innovación ha ido en ascenso, particularmente en lo que respecta a la generación y difusión del conocimiento. Dentro de este campo, los conceptos de proximidad y concentración adquieren especial relevancia, potenciando los enfoques regionales. Para formular políticas efectivas que impulsen la innovación regional es crucial comprender no solo la capacidad de innovación y aprendizaje de las empresas, sino también el rendimiento del sistema sectorial de innovación.

Resumo No presente artigo, apresentamos um estudo de caso cujo objetivo foi analisar a gestão regional das instituições de ensino superior estatais realizando uma revisão teórica dos enfoques de sistemas de inovação. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo de corte interpretativo e análise de dados qualitativa, com um design de estudo de caso. As técnicas de coleta de informações foram diversas: análise documental e entrevistas. Os resultados indicam que a gestão regional nas instituições de ensino superior estatais evoluiu desde a sua criação, seguindo as diretrizes de governança estabelecidas pelas instituições educacionais para seu desenvolvimento e os sistemas de inovação regional. No entanto, os resultados mostram desafios regionais em termos de: sustentabilidade financeira, gestão de campi, oferta acadêmica, articulação interuniversitária e governança. A nível regional, existem uma série de atores na Costa Rica que participam da dinâmica de governança regional, entre eles as universidades estatais desempenhando um papel fundamental como promotoras do desenvolvimento social, econômico e ambiental das localidades. Enfrentamos desafios significativos na esfera do planejamento e governança territorial, que incluem a coordenação entre múltiplos níveis de planejamento e diversos atores, bem como a alinhamento de diversas estratégias de desenvolvimento territorial. Esses elementos, intrinsecamente relacionados, requerem uma gestão cuidadosa para garantir um desenvolvimento coeso e sustentável das regiões. O interesse acadêmico nos sistemas regionais de inovação tem aumentado, especialmente no que diz respeito à geração e difusão do conhecimento. Dentro deste campo, os conceitos de proximidade e concentração adquirem especial relevância, fortalecendo as abordagens regionais. Para formular políticas eficazes que impulsionem a inovação regional, é crucial compreender não apenas a capacidade de inovação e aprendizado das empresas, mas também o desempenho do sistema setorial de inovação.

Resumen: En la actualidad, existen materiales provenientes de la industria, que bajo ciertas condiciones físicas pueden aportar al mejoramiento de las propiedades de mecánicas de un suelo. Materiales como el polvo de ladrillo (BD) y las cenizas de carbón (FA) tienen contenidos altos de SiO2 y Al3O2, que denotan actividad puzolánica. Además, se ha comprobado que dichos materiales pueden activarse al combinarse con cal. Esto genera procesos internos de cementación cuando el tamaño de grano es de 75 micras. Las vías rurales en Colombia presentan uno de los porcentajes más altos de toda la red vial y solo un 7% aproximadamente se encuentra en buen estado. Las difíciles condiciones de acceso, la susceptibilidad de los suelos, la imposibilidad financiera de intervenir toda esta red y la necesidad de implementar procesos de economía circular hace que estos materiales sean atractivos en temas de estabilización para mejorar las condiciones de tránsito. El BD y FA fueron aplicadas en dosificaciones del 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% y 24% en suelos finogranulares (limo y arcilla) y suelos arenosos, se evaluó la compactación y se realizó un diseño experimental factorial para evaluar la influencia del material en la variable resistencia a la compresión inconfinada, por medio de un análisis ANOVA. Para evaluar el desempeño del BD y las FA, se realizó una pista de prueba sobre una vía de bajo volumen de tráfico en el norte de Colombia, la cual tenía un suelo arenoso. BD y FA fueron adicionados al 12% y activados con cal, en celdas de 30 m de longitud. Para establecer un patrón comparativo se hicieron otras celdas en las mismas condiciones geométricas con materiales que usualmente se usan en este tipo de aplicaciones como el cemento. Estas celdas fueron evaluadas en periodo de 16 meses. Características como el módulo resiliente, El índice de internacional de rugosidad IRI y el coeficiente de resistencia al deslizamiento fueron medidos en ese período. Los resultados indican que cuando se adicionan estos materiales en suelos finogranulares (limos y arcillas), la resistencia a la compresión inconfinada aumenta un 150% respecto al suelo sin estabilizar, mientras que para suelos arenosos la resistencia aumenta desde un 70% hasta un 125%. Durante el período de evaluación, el BD y las FA lograron presentar aumentos por encima del 50% en el módulo resiliente respecto al suelo sin estabilizar. Sin embargo, las FA presentaron resultados comparables respecto al tramo estabilizado con cemento. Adicionalmente, sin bien, los tramos se fueron deteriorando en el tiempo, mantuvieron su indicen de rugosidad dentro de los rangos admisibles indicativos de buen índice de serviciabilidad.

Abstract: Currently, there are materials from industry that, under certain physical conditions, can contribute to the improvement of soils mechanical properties. Materials such as brick dust (BD) and fly ash (FA) have high SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, which denote pozzolanic activity. In addition, it has been shown that these materials can be activated when combined with lime. This generates internal cementation processes when the particle size is 0.075 mm. Rural roads in Colombia have one of the highest percentages of the entire road infrastructure, and only about 7% are in good condition. Difficult access conditions, soil susceptibility, the financial impossibility of intervening in this entire network and the need to implement circular economy processes, make these materials attractive in terms of stabilization to improve traffic conditions. BD and FA were applied in dosages of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 24% in finogranular soils (silt and clay) and sandy soils, compaction was evaluated, and a factorial experimental design was carried out to evaluate the influence of the material on the variable unconfined compressive strength (UCS), through an ANOVA analysis. To evaluate the performance of BD and FA, a test track was made on a low traffic volume road in northern Colombia, which had a sandy soil. BD and FA were added at 12% and activated with lime, in 30 m long cells. To establish a comparative pattern, other cells were made in the same geometric conditions with materials that are usually used in this type of application, such as cement. These cells were evaluated over a period of 16 months. Characteristics such as resilient modulus, international roughness index (IRI) and slip resistance coefficient were measured during this period. The results indicate that when these materials are added to finogranular soils (silts and clays), the UCS increases by 150% with respect to the unstabilized soil, while for sandy soils the strength increases from 70% to 125%. During the evaluation period, the BD and the FA were able to increases of over 50% in the resilient modulus with respect to the unstabilized soil. However, the FA showed comparable results with respect to the cement-stabilized cell. In addition, although the sections deteriorated over time, they maintained their roughness index within the admissible ranges indicative of a good serviceability index.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives After a few years of exposure to different strains of COVID-19, there is a large percentage of infected individuals worldwide, most of whom are of working age. Taking into account that in a substantial fraction of these there were prolonged symptoms and with some capacity to alter work capacity, a review was initiated in order to summarize the most pertinent information published on this subject. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content This syndrome is a set of multiorgan symptoms/sequelae that affects previously infected individuals, sometimes lasting several months. It is a chronic complication, due to a persistent hyperinflammatory state (although the pathophysiology is not clearly known) and even after the COVID test is negative. It may be justified by inflammatory, hypoxic, microvascular and neurodegenerative changes; by direct damage caused by the virus itself and/or by secondary effects of therapy and co-existing morbidities. The emotional part may be associated with the fear of infecting family members, the economic problems associated with the costs of medical care (in countries with more privatized healthcare systems) and/or the stigma of the infection itself. The diagnosis is clinical and appears both in individuals who have been hospitalized and who have not. It can involve morbidity, overload on the health system and financial resources. It is also called Long COVID Syndrome, a term that actually emerged on social media. Discussion and Conclusions Given the temporality, the articles published on the topic are reasonably recent, and there is no previous bibliography on this subject to discuss the data obtained; although some symptoms may also be due to other more prevalent and/or old infections, possibly due to a similar pathophysiological mechanism. All evolutions are possible: from asymptomatic individuals during and after the infection to others with very debilitating symptoms that limit their ability to work. It is necessary for the occupational health team to evaluate each case, using the aptitude classification to help adapt tasks and obtain greater performance, job satisfaction and profit.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Após alguns anos de exposição às diversas estirpes de COVID-19, existe uma grande percentagem de indivíduos infetados mundialmente, grande parte dos quais em idade ativa. Tendo em conta que numa fração substancial destes existiram sintomas prolongados e com alguma influência para alterar a capacidade de trabalho, iniciou-se uma revisão, no sentido de resumir o que mais pertinente se publicou sobre este assunto. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo Esta síndroma é um conjunto de semiologia multiorgânica que atinge indivíduos previamente infetados, por vezes com duração de vários meses. Trata-se de uma complicação crónica, devido a um estado hiperinflamatório persistente (ainda que a patofisiologia não seja conhecida com clareza) e mesmo após o teste de COVID negativar. Poderá ser justificada através de alterações inflamatórias, hipóxicas, microvasculares e neurodegenerativas; bem como devido aos danos diretos causados pelo vírus em si e/ou pelos efeitos secundários da terapêutica e morbilidades coexistentes. A parte emocional poderá ser associada ao medo de infetar familiares, pelos problemas económicos associados aos custos dos cuidados médicos (em países com sistemas de saúde mais privatizados) e/ou pelo estigma da infeção em si. O diagnóstico é clínico e tanto aparece em indivíduos que foram hospitalizados, como não. Pode implicar morbilidade, sobrecarga do sistema de saúde e de recursos financeiros. Também se designa por Síndroma do COVID longo, termo que, na realidade, surgiu nas redes sociais. Discussão e Conclusões Dada a temporalidade, os artigos publicados sobre o tema são razoavelmente recentes, não existindo bibliografia anterior sobre este assunto, para discutir os dados obtidos; ainda que alguns sintomas equivalentes também possam ser consequentes a outras infeções, mais prevalentes e/ou antigas, eventualmente por um mecanismo fisiopatológico parecido. Todas as evoluções são possíveis, desde indivíduos assintomáticos durante e após a infeção, como outros com sintomas muito debilitantes e limitadores da sua capacidade laboral. É necessário que a equipa de saúde ocupacional avalie cada caso, usando a classificação de aptidão para ajudar na adequação das tarefas e obtenção de maior desempenho, satisfação laboral e lucro.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma análise do desempenho da APS no estado de São Paulo na última década, em contexto de crise econômica e retração dos investimentos em saúde. Utilizaram-se indicadores de desempenho, determinantes em saúde e sistema de saúde, em série temporal (2010 a 2019), a partir de matriz conceitual adaptada. Foram calculadas variações percentuais anuais (VPA) de cada indicador em modelo log-linear. Os indicadores de desempenho apresentaram, no geral, evolução favorável; no entanto, ocorreu piora em indicadores relacionados à qualidade do cuidado (sífilis congênita, partos cesáreos e rastreamento de câncer de colo uterino). Verificou-se, ainda, um potencial aumento das demandas ao SUS (envelhecimento da população e redução da cobertura da saúde suplementar) e aumento das despesas em saúde em contexto de redução do PIB per capita.

Abstract This article presents the results of an analysis of the performance of primary health care in São Paulo state over the last decade against a backdrop of financial crisis and health funding cuts. We conducted a time series analysis (2010-2019) of performance indicators across the following dimensions based on an adapted conceptual framework: health service performance, health system, and determinants of health. Annual percentage change was calculated for each indicator using a log-linear model. Performance across the indicators was generally positive; however, there was a decline in performance across indicators of quality of care (congenital syphilis, cesarean section rate and cervical cancer screening). The findings also show a potential rise in demand for public services (due to population aging and a reduction in the percentage of the population with private health insurance) and increase in health expenditure against a backdrop of falling GDP per capita.