Abstract Financial resilience is a faculty that improves the capabilities of companies to identify financial problems, resist them, confront them and recover quickly in the face of an economic crisis, such as that generated by COVID-19. The objective of this article is to determine the effects of financial resilience on the economic well-being of MSMEs in Baja California, Mexico. An economic well-being index is estimated based on the OECD/INFE (2020) methodology and an econometric model with information from 465 entrepreneurs to prove that financial resilience attenuated economic shocks in MSMEs during the recent period of economic crisis. The results suggest that, although the economic deficit negatively affected the economic well-being of the MSME, the majority of entrepreneurs preferred to be prudent, supporting deficits and avoiding new financial instruments. It was evident that MSME entrepreneurs sought to restore and improve their economic well-being through financial prudence.

Resumen La resiliencia financiera es una facultad que mejora las capacidades de las empresas para identificar problemas financieros, resistirlos, afrontarlos y recuperarse rápidamente ante una situación de crisis económica, como la generada por el COVID-19. El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar los efectos de la resiliencia financiera sobre el bienestar económico de la MiPyMe en Baja California, México. Se estima un índice de bienestar económico con base en la metodología de OECD/INFE (2020) y un modelo econométrico con información de 465 empresarios para probar que la resiliencia financiera atenuó los choques económicos en las MiPyMe durante el periodo reciente de crisis económica. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien el déficit económico afectó negativamente al bienestar económico de la MiPyMe, la mayoría de empresarios prefirieron ser prudentes, soportando déficits y evitar nuevos instrumentos financieros. Se evidenció que los empresarios de MiPyMe buscaron a través de la prudencia financiera restablecer y mejorar su bienestar económico.

BACKGROUND: Financial inclusion and its relationship with remittances has been widely an area of investigation among researchers. AIM: The study investigates the asymmetric effects of remittance inflows on financial inclusion (FI) in Jordan. SETTING: Annual time series data (1990-2022) constitute 33 observations. METHOD: This study uses the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. RESULTS: The empirical evidence showed a long-run equilibrium relationship among the model's variables. Furthermore, the standard Wald test provides evidence of the asymmetric long-run and short-run effects of remittance inflows on FI and, hence, the nonlinear relationship CONCLUSION: The Jordanian government should promote efforts to simulate the inflow of remittances to the country. This study uncovered the vital relationship between FI and remittance inflows and its important role in enhancing financial sector development. CONTIRBUTION: This study contributes to the existing literature on the remittances-FI nexus. First, it uncovered the vital and important relationship between FI and remittance inflows, and its crucial role in enhancing financial sector development. Second, unlike previous studies that used linear ARDL or traditional estimation methods, it applied the NARDL approach to test for the existence of a nonlinear relationship between the model's variables. Third, it suggests that policymakers in Jordan government should put effort into stimulating the inflow of remittances to promote FI and, hence, economic growth and development.

BACKGROUND: Online banking gained prominence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as an alternative to traditional banking. However, limited studies have explored online banking acceptance in South Africa OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the factors that influence online banking acceptance among South Africans in a context where use is limited METHOD: Thematic content analysis examined 113 Google user reviews from South Africans using an exclusive online bank. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 3 (UTAUT3) was used as a theoretical framework, analysing factors such as performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), facilitating conditions (FC), hedonic motivation (HM), price value (PV), trust, perceived risk (PR), habit, and social influence RESULTS: Seven UTAUT3 constructs influenced online banking acceptance and use in South Africa during the pandemic: PE, EE, FC, HM, PV, trust, and PR. The influence of habit and social influence was not evident CONCLUSION: Understanding factors influencing online banking acceptance in South Africa is crucial for policymakers and institutions. Addressing information communication technology challenges can enhance accessibility and benefits, promoting financial inclusion, and empowerment CONTRIBUTION: This research fills the gap by examining online banking acceptance in South Africa. Findings inform interventions and policies to improve access and adoption. Practical implications extend to institutions and policymakers, fostering financial inclusion

BACKGROUND: The financial services industry in South Africa has undergone many changes that have given birth to fintechs. Most of these changes are driven by the advent of technology and evolving customer expectations. Fintechs have led to process disruptions and business model transformations, yet their implications have yet to be sufficiently studied. Therefore, it is essential to close this knowledge gap by investigating the impact of fintechs on this industry. OBJECTIVES: This research aimed to investigate the impact of fintechs in the financial services industry in South Africa. METHOD: A qualitative study was conducted in which 18 industry experts were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for data analysis. ATLAS.ti 22 was used to organise and analyse data. RESULTS: Fintechs increase competition for the incumbents, reduce profits, expose the inability of the incumbents to be agile and introduce new regulatory risks in the financial services industry. In contrast, fintechs have also brought some positive changes into the industry: financial inclusion, new growth opportunities, increasing choices for consumers and making the industry more competitive, reducing costs, customising financial services, bringing convenience and forcing incumbents and regulators to become more innovative. CONCLUSION: This study uncovered the positive and negative effects of fintechs in financial services in South Africa. CONTRIBUTION: The study will benefit academia by expanding the body of knowledge about fintech research and improving the holistic understanding of this field in emerging economies, which can inspire future research on fintech and its application.

Abstract This article addresses the issue of violence against women in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, problematizing the effectiveness of state interventions in the protection of women in cases of gender violence. The research hypothesis is that social isolation and the difficulties faced during the pandemic have intensified women's vulnerability, requiring greater government attention. The deductive method was used and, as a methodological procedure, a literature review was performed in repositories, such as Google Scholar, Scielo, and database of theses and dissertations with inclusion terms: violence against women; family violence; coronavirus; Covid-19; law 11.340 and protection of the State. The relevance of the present study lies in the fact that the vulnerability of women has greatly increased in the scenario of the global pandemic, since social isolation measures have contributed in various ways to worsen this situation, requiring even more attention from the government in the prevention and punishment of aggressors. It was possible to conclude through the present study that the pandemic has brought social and financial problems to millions of people around the world and that the social isolation imposed to reduce their risks, has aggravated female violence, whose cases of underreporting were even more evident by the difficulty of access to public transport, lack of foster care options and dependence on the spouse. The situation could be minimized with greater commitment from the State, more efficient communication, which could be done through social networks, and more measured actions by the Brazilian Judiciary in favor of the release and protection of bandits, who will fatally represent a greater risk of the occurrence of violence and femicide when they return to their companions.

Resumo O presente artigo aborda a questão da violência contra as mulheres no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, problematizando a efetividade das intervenções estatais na proteção da mulher em casos de violência de gênero. A hipótese de pesquisa é que o isolamento social e as dificuldades enfrentadas durante a pandemia intensificaram a vulnerabilidade das mulheres, exigindo maior atenção do governo. Empregou-se o método dedutivo e como procedimento metodológico, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em repositórios como Google Acadêmico, Scielo e banco de teses e dissertações com termos de inclusão: violência contra a mulher; violência familiar; coronavírus; covid-19; lei 11.340 e proteção do Estado. A relevância do presente estudo está no fato de que a vulnerabilidade da mulher aumentou muito no cenário da pandemia mundial, uma vez que medidas de isolamento social contribuíram de diversas maneiras para que esta situação se agravasse, requerendo ainda mais atenção por parte do governo na prevenção e punição dos agressores. Foi possível concluir através do presente estudo que a pandemia trouxe problemas sociais e de ordem financeira para milhões de pessoas em todo mundo, e que o isolamento social imposta como forma de reduzir os seus riscos, agravou a violência feminina, cujos casos de subnotificação ficaram ainda mais evidentes pela dificuldade de acesso aos transportes públicos, falta de opções de acolhimento e dependência do conjugue. A situação poderia ser minimizada com maior comprometimento do Estado, comunicação mais eficiente, a qual poderia ser feita através das redes sociais, e ações mais comedidas por parte do judiciário brasileiro em prol da soltura e proteção de bandidos, os quais fatalmente representarão maior risco da ocorrência de violência e feminicídio ao voltarem para suas companheiras.

Abstract The demand to build an increasingly inclusive school is one of the most important challenges today worldwide. The case of Chile is unique, since for decades the educational system has been regulated as a market, which has generated as one of its negative effects a permanent tension between the market and school inclusion, since the principles that both promote in everyday practice are in conflict. The objective of this study was to know the beliefs held by school principals from different regions of Chile regarding inclusion policies. In methodological terms, a qualitative study was developed, which, in a first phase, consisted of applying 50 semi-structured interviews to these actors, while in the in-depth phase, a multiple case study was carried out with 4 participants through observations. non-participants and in-depth interviews. Among the most outstanding results are the beliefs of the principals who associate inclusion policies with a significant increase in their bureaucratic work, on the other hand, they declared that in daily management tasks they prioritize the demonstration of educational quality over the school inclusion and finally, from their beliefs, they propose that inclusion policies are costly in financial and symbolic terms, since diverse students are expensive to educate and represent a danger to the prestige of their schools in the respective local school markets.

Resumen La demanda por construir una escuela cada vez más inclusiva es uno de los desafíos más importantes en la actualidad a nivel mundial. El caso de Chile es singular, ya que por décadas el sistema educativo ha sido regulado como una mercancía, lo que ha generado una permanente tensión entre el mercado y la inclusión escolar, ya que los principios que ambos promueven en la práctica cotidiana se contraponen. Por eso, el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las creencias que sostienen los directores escolares de distintas regiones de Chile en torno a las políticas de inclusión. En términos metodológicos, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo que, en una primera fase, consistió en la aplicación de 50 entrevistas semiestructuradas a estos actores, mientras que en la fase de profundización se desarrolló un estudio de casos múltiples a cuatro participantes a través de observaciones no participantes y entrevistas en profundidad. Entre los resultados se destacan las creencias de los directivos que asocian a la políticas de inclusión con un aumento significativo de su trabajo burocrático; por otra parte, declararon que en las tareas de gestión cotidiana priorizan la demostración de calidad educativa sobre la inclusión escolar; finalmente, desde sus creencias proponen que las políticas en materia de inclusión son costosas en términos financieros y simbólicos, ya que los estudiantes diversos son costosos de educar y representan un peligro para el prestigio de sus escuelas en los mercados escolares locales.

Resumo A exigência de construir uma escola cada vez mais inclusiva é um dos desafios mais importantes em todo o mundo hoje. O caso do Chile é único, pois durante décadas o sistema educacional foi regulado como uma mercadoria, o que gerou uma tensão permanente entre o mercado e a inclusão escolar, uma vez que os princípios que ambos promovem na prática diária se contradizem. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as crenças dos diretores escolares de diferentes regiões do Chile em relação às políticas de inclusão. Em termos metodológicos, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo que, numa primeira fase, consistiu na aplicação de 50 entrevistas semiestruturadas a estes atores, enquanto na fase de aprofundamento foi desenvolvido um estudo de casos múltiplos com quatro participantes através de não observações. e entrevistas em profundidade. Dentre os resultados, destacam-se as crenças dos gestores que associam as políticas de inclusão ao aumento significativo do seu trabalho burocrático; Por outro lado, declararam que nas suas tarefas diárias de gestão priorizam a demonstração da qualidade educativa em detrimento da inclusão escolar; Finalmente, com base nas suas crenças, propõem que as políticas de inclusão são dispendiosas em termos financeiros e simbólicos, uma vez que a educação de diversos alunos é dispendiosa e representa um perigo para o prestígio das suas escolas nos mercados escolares locais.

Abstract Covid 19 forced a move to virtuality, acquiring a relevant role the use of virtual media such as digital wallets, to avoid interruptions in the economic exchange. The objective was to determine the impact of the inclusion of the use of mobile wallets as a means of payment, from the perspective of business owners of formal retail businesses in the province of Ica, during the year 2021. A sample of 385 entrepreneurs applied a questionnaire elaborated on some of the factors that measure the level of technology adoption. 64.9% of retail entrepreneurs had a positive attitude towards the use of mobile wallets, 57% are satisfied with their use, and recognize that it is an efficient and effective system. Mobile wallets are currently the alternative to advance towards global financial inclusion, where low-income people, located in underdeveloped areas, can opt to carry out their economic transactions.

Resumen El Covid 19 obligó un traslado a la virtualidad adquiriendo un papel relevante el uso de medios virtuales como las billeteras digitales, para evitar interrupciones en el intercambio económico. Se planteó como objetivo, determinar el impacto de la inclusión del uso de las billeteras móviles como medios de pago, desde la perspectiva de empresarios dueños de negocios minoristas formales de la provincia de Ica, durante el año 2021. Una muestra de 385 empresarios aplicó un cuestionario elaborado sobre algunos de los factores que miden el nivel de adopción a la tecnología. El 64,9 % de los empresarios minoristas presentaron una actitud positiva frente al uso de las billeteras móviles, el 57 % se considera satisfecho con su uso, reconoce que se trata de un sistema eficiente y eficaz. Las billeteras móviles son actualmente la alternativa para avanzar hacia la inclusión financiera global, donde personas de bajos ingresos, ubicadas en zonas poco desarrolladas, pueden optar para realizar sus transacciones económicas.

Abstract since profit maximization is the main objective of private companies, it is important to know how the behavior of some agents can influence decision making within the company. The objective of this document is to estimate if gender diversity on the board of directors has any effect on the financial performance of Mexican stock companies. We use a sample of Mexican non-financial companies listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange and part of the IPC Index during 2011-2021. Four regression models were used: panel data regression, OLS2S regression, GMM system, and DiD. Results show that the presence of only one woman on the board of directors had a negative effect on ROA and that recommendation for female inclusion on boards had an effect on the presence of women on the boards of directors. These results support Critical Mass Theory about how in biased groups women are symbols, and their presence has negative or no effect. In order to have an effect, the number of women on the board of directors must increase.

Resumen debido a que la maximización de utilidades es el principal objetivo de las empresas privadas, es importante conocer cómo puede afectar el comportamiento de los agentes que toman las decisiones. El objetivo del artículo es estimar el efecto que la diversidad de género en la junta directiva tiene en el desempeño financiero de las empresas y evaluar si la sugerencia de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores de incorporar a mujeres en los consejos de administración tuvo un efecto en la diversidad de la junta directiva. Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de las empresas bursátiles no financieras del Índice IPC de la BMV en el periodo 2011-2021. Se aplicaron cuatro modelos de regresión: de datos panel, MC2E-VI, sistema GMM y DiD. Los resultados muestran que la presencia de solo una mujer en el consejo de administración tuvo un efecto negativo sobre el ROA de las empresas y que la sugerencia de inclusión femenina en los consejos tuvo un efecto sobre la presencia de mujeres en las juntas directivas. Esto respalda la teoría de la masa crítica de que en grupos sesgados las mujeres son símbolos y su presencia no tiene efecto o tiene efectos negativos. Para que haya un efecto debe incrementar el número de mujeres en el consejo de administración.

Resumo Um assentamento rural representa a etapa de conquista na luta pela posse de uma terra e resulta de esforços coletivos de um movimento social. Ainda assim, seus mo-radores encontram diversas dificuldades à sua estruturação e permanecem em vulnerabi-lidade social, devido a desigualdade de acesso aos direitos de cidadania. Neste contexto, foi estabelecida a parceria entre moradores do assentamento rural Horto de Aimorés em Bauru e a extensão universitária do Projeto Bambu. No mesmo período formou-se a Asso-ciação Agroecológica Viverde com o apoio do grupo Taquara composto por alunos das fa-culdades de Design, Arquitetura e Engenharia da UNESP, campus de Bauru. As atividades extensionistas com base no design social permitiram a profissionalização dos assentados como artesãos de bambu. Com foco na geração de renda, realizou-se oficinas de capaci-tação técnica na cadeia produtiva do bambu, desde o plantio de 120 moitas de bambus e instalação de galpão com equipamentos para produção de produtos e construção de estruturas. Para essas ações iniciais, foram necessários recursos financeiros obtidos através de editais, concursos, além da constituição de uma rede de contatos. A partir da coleta de dados em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e aplicações de entrevistas semiestruturada, este estudo de caso busca revelar o processo desenvolvido nesta extensão universitária em seus onze anos de existência. A organização das informações permitiu uma análise do his-tórico, dos avanços obtidos e os pontos a aprimorar nesta relação de troca entre o grupo Taquara e os associados da Viverde.

Abstract A rural settlement means a landmark achievement phase because of hard work of social movement efforts in the struggle for possession of a land. Nevertheless, its resi-dents find several difficulties to their structuring and remain in social vulnerability, due to the inequality of access to the rights of citizenship. Under these circumstances, was there-fore established a partnership between residents of the Horto de Aimorés rural settlement in Bauru and the university extension of the Projeto Bambu. In the same period, a group of residents formed the Associação Agroecológica Viverde with support from the Grupo Taquara composed of students from the Faculties of Design, Architecture and Engineer-ing of UNESP, Bauru campus. Extension activities with social design-based approach al-lowed residents for qualification as bamboo artisans. They were benefited by capacitating in technical training workshops held in the bamboo production chain, from the planting of 120 bamboo plants and installation of workshop facilities for product production and construction of structures with focus on social inclusion and income generation. Network opportunities and financial support from competitions allocated the necessary resources in order to initiate required actions. Data collection drew extensively sources of informa-tion from bibliographic research, document search and semi-structured interviews. This case study shall reveal the process developed in this university extension in its eleven years of existence. This organisation of the information provided an analysis of the history and the progress made within this contribution of sharing and exchanging experiences be-tween the group Taquara and the associates of Viverde.

Resumen Un asentamiento rural representa una etapa de conquista en la lucha por la posesión de una tierra, resultado de esfuerzos colectivos de un movimiento social. Aun así, sus moradores encuentran dificultades durante la estructuración, permaneciendo so-cialmente vulnerables debido a una desigualdad de acceso a derechos ciudadanos. En este contexto, se estableció la relación entre los moradores del asentamiento rural Horto de Aimorés en Bauru y el proyecto de extensión universitaria Projeto Bambu. En el mismo período se formó la asociación agroecológica Viverde contando con el apoyo del grupo Taquara, formado por alumnos de las facultades de Diseño, Arquitectura e Ingeniería de la UNESP, en el campus de Bauru. Las actividades de extensión con base en el diseño social permitieron la profesionalización de los moradores del asentamiento como artesanos del bambú. Enfocadas en la generación de renta, se realizaron oficinas de capacitación técnica en la cadena de producción del bambú, desde la plantación de 120 mudas de bambú, junto con la construcción de un galpón con maquinaria para producción y construcción de es-tructuras y productos. Para estas acciones iniciales, fueron necesarios recursos financieros obtenidos a través de editales, concursos, además de la creación de una red de contactos. A partir de la colecta de datos de fuentes bibliográficas, documentales y entrevistas semies-tructuradas, este estudio de caso busca revelar el proceso desarrollado en este proyecto de extensión universitaria en sus once años de existencia. La organización de la información permitió un análisis histórico de los avances obtenidos, así como de los puntos a mejorar en esta relación de intercambio entre el grupo Taquara y los asociados de Viverde.

RESUMEN Este artículo describirá los elementos de la hoja de ruta FinTech que las Superintendencias, el Consejo Nacional de Supervisión del Sistema Financiero (CONASSIF), y el Banco Central de Costa Rica (BCCR), han venido implementando para el diseño de un marco regulatorio para FinTech en el país. Se prestará especial atención al recientemente creado "Centro de Innovación Financiera (CIF)" y a la descripción de una posible visión de futuro. Las opiniones y puntos de vista aquí expresados son los de la autora y no reflejan necesariamente la posición oficial de ninguna de sus instituciones asociadas.

ABTRACT This article will describe the elements of the FinTech roadmap that the Superintendencies, the National Council for Supervision of the Financial System (CONASSIF), and the Central Bank of Costa Rica (BCCR), have been implementing for the design of a regulatory framework for FinTech in the country. Special attention will be given to the recently created ''Centro de Innovación Financiera (CIF)'' and the description of a possible vision for the future. The views and opinions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of any of her associated institutions.

RÉSUMÉ Cet article décrit les éléments de la feuille de route FinTech que les surintendances, le Conseil national de supervision du système financier (CONASSIF) et la Banque centrale du Costa Rica (BCCR) ont mis en œuvre pour la conception d'un cadre réglementaire pour FinTech dans le pays. Une attention particulière sera accordée au "Centro de Innovación Financiera (CIF)" récemment créé et à la description d'une vision possible pour l'avenir. Les points de vue et opinions exprimés ici sont ceux de l'auteur et ne reflètent pas nécessairement la position officielle des institutions qui lui sont associées.

RESUMO Este artigo descreverá os elementos do roteiro da FinTech que as Superintendências, o Conselho Nacional de Supervisão do Sistema Financeiro (CONASSIF) e o Banco Central da Costa Rica (BCCR) vêm implementando para a criação de uma estrutura regulatória para a FinTech no país. Será dada atenção especial ao recém-criado "Centro de Innovación Financiera (CIF)" e à descrição de uma possível visão para o futuro. As visões e opiniões expressas aqui são de responsabilidade da autora e não refletem necessariamente a posição oficial de nenhuma de suas instituições associadas.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent history, major catastrophes are followed by economic crisis, which are commonly succeeded by high levels of psychological stress related to financial hardships. The relationship between this financial stress (FS) and musculoskeletal pain (MP) is not elucidated. The aim of this systematic review was to critically evaluate the evidence of the relationship between these financial difficulties and MP. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted on the following databases: Medline, LILACS, Scielo and PsycINFO. Studies included were observational, among adults, measuring FS and its association with MP worsening or development, recruiting participants or data from any setting, and providing outcome data for at least one pain outcome measure. RESULTS: 445 potentially relevant citations was identified, which included 438 unique citations, 419 of which did not meet inclusion criteria. Final search included nine studies. The most frequent pain types reported were low back pain and neck pain. Descriptions of financial stress varied. Overall, exposure to financial stress was determined according to some difficulty in relation to afford necessities. All studies, except one, found significant associations between some type of MP and FS. CONCLUSION: This systematic review brought the available data on the relationship between FS and MP. It is possible to state that there is reasonable evidence of FS as a strong predictor for the onset of MP. It is necessary to be aware of this issue when dealing with pain patients during the current humanitarian crisis.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Na história recente, grandes catástrofes são seguidas de crises econômicas, que comumente são acompanhadas por altos níveis de estresse psicológico relacionado a dificuldades financeiras. A relação entre esse estresse financeiro (EF) e a dor musculoesquelética (DME) não está elucidada. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar criticamente as evidências da relação entre tais dificuldades financeiras e a DME. MÉTODOS: Uma busca abrangente foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline, LILACS, Scielo e PsycINFO. Os estudos incluídos foram observacionais, entre adultos, aferindo o EF e sua associação com a piora ou desenvolvimento de uma DME, recrutando participantes ou dados de qualquer ambiente, e fornecendo dados de resultado para ao menos uma medida de resultado de dor. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 445 citações potencialmente relevantes, que incluíram 438 citações únicas, 419 das quais não atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A pesquisa final incluiu 9 estudos. Os tipos de dor mais frequentes relatados foram lombalgia e cervicalgia. Descrições de estresse financeiro variaram. No geral, a exposição ao estresse financeiro foi determinada de acordo com alguma dificuldade em relação às necessidades de pagamento. Todos os estudos, exceto um, encontraram associações significativas entre algum tipo de DME e EF. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo trouxe os dados disponíveis sobre a relação entre EF e DME. É possível afirmar que há razoável evidência do EF como um forte preditor para o aparecimento de DME. É preciso estar ciente dessa questão ao lidar com pacientes com dor durante a atual crise humanitária.

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar e sistematizar evidências levantadas por estudos qualitativos sobre razões e consequências de perdas dentárias em adultos e idosos no Brasil. Foi executada revisão sistemática da literatura de pesquisas de métodos qualitativos, e metassíntese dos resultados. A população de estudo foi de adultos acima de 18 anos e idosos brasileiros. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BBO, Embase, EBSCO e SciELO. A síntese temática definiu oito temas analíticos sobre razões das perdas dentárias e três temas analíticos sobre as consequências. A dor dentária, o modelo de atenção, a situação financeira e o desejo de reabilitação protética foram fatores determinantes para as exodontias. Houve reconhecimento da negligência com o cuidado bucal e da naturalidade das perdas dentárias ligada à velhice. Dentes perdidos causaram impactos psicológicos e fisiológicos. É imperativo verificar se os fatores que causaram as perdas dentárias persistem, e quanto influenciam as decisões de extrair dentes na população jovem e adulta atual. Há que se mudar o modelo de atenção pela inclusão e qualificação da atenção em saúde bucal da população adulta jovem e idosa, sob pena de persistir o modelo de mutilação dentária e a cultura de edentulismo.

Abstract The objective was to analyze and systematize evidence reported in qualitative studies on the reasons and consequences of tooth loss in adults and elderly people in Brazil. A systematic review of the literature on qualitative research methods and a meta synthesis of the results were performed. The study population consisted of adults over 18 years of age and elderly people in Brazil. Searches were performed in the BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BBO, Embase, EBSCO and SciELO databases. The thematic synthesis identified 8 analytical themes regarding reasons for tooth loss and 3 analytical themes regarding consequences of tooth loss. Dental pain, care model, financial situation and desire for prosthetic rehabilitation were determining factors for extractions. There was recognition of negligence in oral care, and the naturalness of tooth loss was linked to old age. Missing teeth caused psychological and physiological impacts. It is imperative to verify whether the factors that cause tooth loss persist, and how much those factors influence decisions to extract teeth among current young and adult populations. It is necessary to change the care model through the inclusion and qualification of oral health care for the young and elderly adult populations; otherwise, the model of dental mutilation and the culture of edentulism will persist.

Abstract The objective was to analyze and systematize evidence reported in qualitative studies on the reasons and consequences of tooth loss in adults and elderly people in Brazil. A systematic review of the literature on qualitative research methods and a meta synthesis of the results were performed. The study population consisted of adults over 18 years of age and elderly people in Brazil. Searches were performed in the BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BBO, Embase, EBSCO and SciELO databases. The thematic synthesis identified 8 analytical themes regarding reasons for tooth loss and 3 analytical themes regarding consequences of tooth loss. Dental pain, care model, financial situation and desire for prosthetic rehabilitation were determining factors for extractions. There was recognition of negligence in oral care, and the naturalness of tooth loss was linked to old age. Missing teeth caused psychological and physiological impacts. It is imperative to verify whether the factors that cause tooth loss persist, and how much those factors influence decisions to extract teeth among current young and adult populations. It is necessary to change the care model through the inclusion and qualification of oral health care for the young and elderly adult populations; otherwise, the model of dental mutilation and the culture of edentulism will persist.

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar e sistematizar evidências levantadas por estudos qualitativos sobre razões e consequências de perdas dentárias em adultos e idosos no Brasil. Foi executada revisão sistemática da literatura de pesquisas de métodos qualitativos, e metassíntese dos resultados. A população de estudo foi de adultos acima de 18 anos e idosos brasileiros. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BBO, Embase, EBSCO e SciELO. A síntese temática definiu oito temas analíticos sobre razões das perdas dentárias e três temas analíticos sobre as consequências. A dor dentária, o modelo de atenção, a situação financeira e o desejo de reabilitação protética foram fatores determinantes para as exodontias. Houve reconhecimento da negligência com o cuidado bucal e da naturalidade das perdas dentárias ligada à velhice. Dentes perdidos causaram impactos psicológicos e fisiológicos. É imperativo verificar se os fatores que causaram as perdas dentárias persistem, e quanto influenciam as decisões de extrair dentes na população jovem e adulta atual. Há que se mudar o modelo de atenção pela inclusão e qualificação da atenção em saúde bucal da população adulta jovem e idosa, sob pena de persistir o modelo de mutilação dentária e a cultura de edentulismo.

ABSTRACT Financial inclusion is a relevant matter that is constantly being looked upon, given its influence in reducing poverty and enabling the low-income population to access financial products and services, thus improving their living condition. This research aims to analyze the evolution of financial inclusion in Peru during the last seven years (2016-2022);also, it takes into consideration information from secondary source databases, such as reports from the World Bank, the Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros, and the Banco Central de Reserva del Perú. The method used has a descriptive and explanatory design. The findings of the research provide evidence that 56% of the Peruvian population has access to financial services (64% in urban areas and 31% in rural areas), which falls below the goal of 75% set by the Peruvian government. This gap can be attributed to customer service costs, including in-person service or adequate infrastructure for better service (access limitations), and poor financial education (limiting broader usage).

RESUMEN La inclusión financiera es un tema relevante y de constante seguimiento por su influencia en la reducción de la pobreza. Además, permite que las personas de bajos ingresos puedan acceder a productos y servicios financieros, y de esta manera mejorar sus condiciones de vida. El propósito de la presente investigación es analizar la evolución de la inclusión financiera en el Perú en los últimos 7 años (2016-2022), considerando la información de bases de datos de fuentes secundarias como reportes del Banco Mundial, de la Superintendencia de Banca y Seguros y del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú. El método utilizado tiene diseño descriptivo. Como resultado de la investigación realizada, se halló que Perú presenta a un 56 % de la población con atención de servicios financieros (64 % en zonas urbanas y 31 % en zonas rurales), cifra menor al objetivo del gobierno peruano del 75 %. La brecha existente está explicada fundamentalmente por los costos de atención, entre ellos los costos de tener presencia física o infraestructura para una mayor atención (debilidades en el acceso) y una limitada educación financiera (limitante de un mayor uso).

ABSTRACT Financial education is a fundamental component of a sustainable and healthy financial life for individuals; thus, the absence of financial knowledge leads to detrimental financial behavior and exclusion, thereby limiting opportunities and diminishing the quality of life. The aim of this research was to provide a comprehensive analysis of current trends, thematic gaps, and future areas of research in financial education. To achieve this, a scientometric analysis and systematic literature review were conducted on the latest production in two highly regarded databases over the last five years. The findings reveal that the current production in this area is not experiencing significant growth in both databases and is predominantly in English. Additionally, technology plays a crucial role in granting access to financial information and tools. In this regard, financial education must be instilled from an early age to promote healthy financial habits. The study further highlights the obstacles in implementing effective financial education strategies and it emphasizes the need for further research in areas such as social relations, different contexts and populations, primary education, and informal and non-formal education.

RESUMEN La educación financiera es un componente fundamental para una vida financiera saludable y sostenible; de manera que, la falta de conocimiento financiero conduce a comportamientos financieros perjudiciales y de exclusión, limitando oportunidades y disminuyendo la calidad de vida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue proporcionar un análisis exhaustivo de las tendencias actuales, vacíos temáticos y áreas de investigación futura en educación financiera. Para lograr ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis cienciométrico y una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre la última producción en dos bases de datos durante los últimos cinco años. Los hallazgos revelan que la producción actual en esta área no está experimentando un crecimiento significativo en una base de datos y es predominantemente en inglés. Además, la tecnología juega un papel crucial en otorgar acceso a información y herramientas financieras. En este sentido, la educación financiera debe ser inculcada desde temprana edad para promover hábitos financieros saludables. También, se destaca los obstáculos en la implementación de estrategias efectivas de educación financiera y se enfatiza la necesidad de investigación adicional en áreas como relaciones sociales, diferentes contextos y poblaciones, educación primaria y educación informal y no formal.