The aim of this study is to identify the guiding principles of game activism to contribute to possible definitions of the movement, allowing similar phenomena to be identified and distinguished from other activisms. The territoriality of the research is built on the confrontation between the categories of games and their articulation with activism and the streets. Starting from the basic concept of game activism as the use of electronic games in the articulation of these languages with social and political objectives, the article will go through the movements in their different fronts of action, such as educational use, promoting social causes and criticizing the games industry. As part of ongoing research, it is based more on hypotheses than conclusions: the nature of the video game, when considering its genealogy - in this context, from commercial battles to maintaining the aesthetic ideal of graphic performance - is competitive and commercialized and a deconstructed video game demands more than inclusion policies. The deconstruction of the video game demands and participates in the dismantling of communities, commercial exchanges, labour and aesthetic concepts; the military past and the financial nature of the video game-product define a category of game, but do not limit the creative power of the video game. Crossing the debate on gamification or educational games, the question of the console, platforms and hacking in the colonizing principle of the game or narrative as power, game activism is developing in a complex context that requires careful evaluation to question the limits and possibilities of this emerging language of activism.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo levantar os princípios norteadores do gameativismo para contribuir para possíveis definições do movimento, permitindo a identificação de fenômenos semelhantes e a distinção de outros ativismos. A territorialidade da pesquisa se constrói pelo confronto entre as categorias de games e as articulação destas com o ativismo e as ruas. Partindo do conceito base de gameativismo como o uso de jogos eletrônicos na articulação destas linguagens com objetivos sociais e políticos, o artigo atravessará os movimentos em suas diferentes frentes de ação, como o uso educativo, na promoção de causa sociais e para a crítica à indústria de jogos. Como parte de uma pesquisa em andamento, parte-se mais de hipóteses que de conclusões: a natureza do videogame, quando considerada sua genealogia - nesse contexto, das batalhas comerciais até a manutenção do ideal estético da performance gráfica - é competitiva e mercadológica e um videogame desconstruído exige mais que políticas de inclusão. A desconstrução do videogame demanda e participa da desestruturação das comunidades, das trocas comerciais, do trabalho e de conceitos estéticos; o passado militar e o caráter financeiro do videogame-produto definem uma categoria de jogo, mas não limitam sua potência criativa. Atravessando o debate da gamificação ou jogos educativos, a questão do console, das plataformas e do hacking no princípio colonizador do game ou da narrativa como poder, o gameativismo se desenvolve em um contexto complexo, que demanda avaliação criteriosa a fim de questionar os limites e as possibilidades dessa linguagem emergente de ativismo.

Migration, a prevalent global phenomenon, significantly impacts health, particularly in low- to middle-income countries. This article presents a rapid review aimed at mapping projects, lessons and policies concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH), HIV and migration in southern Africa. Utilising a population-concept-context framework, the review focuses on understanding the scope, nature and extent of interventions, identifying lessons learnt, and assessing existing policies and strategies. A comprehensive search strategy and screening process resulted in 19 studies and reports for inclusion. The review highlighted diverse projects across southern Africa, addressing SRH and HIV among migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Projects ranged from peer-education interventions to community-based referral systems, aiming to improve knowledge, access and outcomes related to SRH and HIV. The lessons learnt emphasised the importance of community involvement, healthcare worker (HCW) training and inclusive policies to address migrants' diverse needs effectively. Additionally, projects facilitated cross-border collaborations and policy integration, enhancing access to SRH-HIV services and migrant health rights. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, including gender-based violence, financial barriers and xenophobic attitudes among HCWs. Limited access to comprehensive sexuality education and social protection for migrants underscores the need for further policy development and implementation. Nevertheless, existing policies, such as Botswana's inclusive HIV treatment policy and South Africa's National Strategic Plan for HIV, TB and STIs, demonstrate steps towards ensuring migrants' rights to healthcare.

Abstract The current article explores the causes of financial inclusion among the Mexican population. It leverages data from the Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera (ENIF) (INEGI, 2021) to develop two machine learning models aimed at identifying individuals who are part of the financial system. These models are assessed using both artificial intelligence methodologies and traditional statistical significance tests. The findings suggest that factors such as education level, monthly income, future-oriented behavioral preferences over present ones, saving capacity, and access to smartphones are significant drivers that enhance the likelihood of financial inclusion. Consequently, there is a potential for implementing public policies to incentivize individuals to voluntarily adopt formal financial services.

Resumen El presente artículo explora las causas de la inclusión financiera entre la población mexicana. Con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera (ENIF) (INEGI, 2021) desarrolla dos modelos de aprendizaje automático con el objetivo de identificar a individuos que forman parte del sis tema financiero. Estos modelos son evaluados valiéndose tanto de metodologías de inteligencia artificial como de pruebas estadísticas de significancia tradicionales. Los hallazgos sugieren que factores como nivel educativo, ingreso mensual, preferencias orientadas hacia el futuro sobre las presentes, capacidad de ahorro y acceso a teléfonos inteligentes son impulsores significativos que aumentan la probabilidad de inclusión financiera. En consecuencia, existe un potencial para la implementación de políticas públicas dirigidas a incentivar a los individuos para que adopten voluntariamente servicios financieros formales.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the weakness of relying on in-person tuition in higher education. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been a successful addition to higher education. In this study, educators had to replace a planned elective in the medical curriculum with an online option during the pandemic. The roles of the competency framework of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) (Leader and Manager, Health Advocate, Professional, Communicator, Collaborator, Scholar, and Healthcare Practitioner) were used to guide its development. This elective emphasised the non-clinical roles of medical practitioners and was offered in 2020 and 2021. OBJECTIVES. To describe the choices of third-year medical students and time spent participating in a modified online elective in 2020 and 2021. METHODS. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, involving the participation of 629 medical students. Data were collected and analysed from three primary sources: registration data from LinkedIn Learning, data from the Foundation for Professional Development, and self-reported estimates by students of the average time spent on selected courses. Data included identification of the associated competency acquired. Data analysis was conducted using Python, version 3.10.11. RESULTS. The course choices of 629 students were analysed. In 2020 there were 300 participants and in 2021 there were 329. All the students had one compulsory inclusion in the elective (Management and Leadership Short Course for Undergraduate Healthcare Students). Students in both years reported spending the most average time on courses related to clinical knowledge (Healthcare Practitioner), followed by financial literacy and management (Professional), diversity management (Collaborator), and priority actions to identify and/or respond to (Health Advocate). The most popular courses related to the Leader and Manager role were around decision-making in human resources, problem-solving, and managing healthcare teams. Based on the top 10 LinkedIn Learning course selections of both cohorts, there appeared to be a preference for courses that were consistent with the role of medical professionals in practice. The most popular LinkedIn Learning course was The Six Morning Habits of High Performers. CONCLUSION. Students gravitated toward courses aligned with their role as professional doctors within the HPCSA competency framework. More studies are needed to understand how medical students develop the six non-clinical roles in the HPCSA framework and the effectiveness of MOOCs in a medical curriculum.

Abstract The effective access to various financial products can be decisive to use efficiently the opportunities offered by the financial market. The purpose of this research is to determine the inclusion degree of financing in Mexico for 2021, so, a method used was through spatial econometrics to identify clusters at municipal level. The results showed that administrative units that have elevated levels of correlation in indicators such as: access roads, number of credit products and number of deposit accounts; have more financial inclusion in CDMX’s administrative units. On the other hand, zones with lowest levels of financial inclusion correspond to Oaxaca and Guerrero counties. The development of a financial inclusion strategy is proposed according to the needs of the identified clusters. This work innovates in presenting a cluster analysis at the municipal level for financial inclusion.

Resumen El contar con acceso efectivo a diversos productos financieros puede ser determinante para explotar de manera eficiente el área de oportunidades que brinda el mercado financiero para la sociedad. Esta investigación tiene como propósito determinar el grado de inclusión de los productos y servicios del sector financiero en México para el año 2021, para lo cual, se utiliza un método mediante econometría espacial para la identificación de clusters a nivel municipal. Los resultados revelan que los municipios que cuentan con niveles altos de correlación en indicadores como: vías de acceso, cantidad de productos de crédito y cantidad de cuentas de captación; cuentan con mayor inclusión financiera, tales como las alcaldías de la CDMX. Por otro lado, las zonas que cuentan con niveles más bajos de inclusión financiera corresponden a los municipios de las entidades federativas de Oaxaca y Guerrero. Se propone el desarrollo de una estrategia de inclusión financiera de acuerdo con las necesidades de los clusters identificados. Este trabajo innova en presentar un análisis cluster a nivel municipal para la inclusión financiera.

Abstract The research examines the relationship between corruption and financial inclusion in Hungary and Mexico using public databases. The corruption situation is presented by Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, and financial inclusion by data from the World Bank's Global Findex report. From the time series (2012-2022) data of Hungary and Mexico, statistical methods (Welch test, cluster analysis) can be used to examine the development of performances and the relationship between the two indices. Financial inclusion slowed down in both countries during the period under review, and the perception of corruption also decreased. This suggests that there may be a correlation between the two indicators, which is also supported by literature data. The two countries have not been compared in this way before. The fact that the study only focuses on two countries limits the usability of the results. The present investigation was a pilot study, the purpose of which was to lay the foundation for an international study.

Resumen La investigación examina la relación entre corrupción e inclusión financiera en Hungría y México utilizando bases de datos públicas. La situación de la corrupción se presenta en el Índice de Percepción de la Corrupción de Transparencia Internacional y la inclusión financiera en los datos del informe Global Findex del Banco Mundial. A partir de los datos de series temporales (2012-2022) de Hungría y México, se pueden utilizar métodos estadísticos (prueba de Welch, análisis de conglomerados) para examinar la evolución de los desempeños y la relación entre los dos índices. La inclusión financiera se desaceleró en ambos países durante el período analizado y la percepción de corrupción también disminuyó. Esto sugiere que puede haber una correlación entre los dos indicadores, lo que también está respaldado por datos de la literatura. Los dos países nunca antes habían sido comparados de esta manera. El hecho de que el estudio sólo se centre en dos países limita la utilidad de los resultados. La presente investigación fue un estudio piloto, cuyo propósito fue sentar las bases para un estudio internacional.

Abstract People with cognitive disabilities face multiple challenges concerning oral health and frequently show oral tissue decay because of the barriers society imposes upon them, and due to financial issues, professional and family lack of knowledge, limitations regarding access to services, lack of empowering-driven actions, among others. Positive knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral health, developed during the course of a lifetime, help in preserving good health. The aim of the current study is to describe oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices in people with cognitive disabilities participating in the Institutional Program for the Inclusion of People with Cognitive Disabilities in Higher Education at the University of Costa Rica (PROIN, in Spanish), during 2021. A descriptive study with mixed focus was performed; a representative sample comprised of 86 students enrolled in PROIN was used for the quantitative approach, while the qualitative approach used a criteria sample along with an opinion sample, limiting size due to information overload. The survey, along with its corresponding questionnaire and the semi-structured interview, were used as data gathering techniques. It was evidenced that certain issues need to be readdressed, such as bleeding gums, the importance of preserving dental pieces, as well, the practice of flossing, which many students expressed difficulties doing. Good attitudes were found, such as dentist visits; however, access barriers for this population must be overthrown. This article showed the importance of training professionals in disabilities as well as developing oral health promotion programs aimed at people with cognitive disabilities.

Resumen La población con discapacidad cognitiva enfrenta múltiples retos en cuanto a la salud oral, presentado comúnmente un deterioro de los tejidos orales; esto como consecuencia a las barreras impuestas por la sociedad, factores económicos, desconocimiento de los profesionales y familiares, limitaciones en el acceso a la atención, falta de acciones para fomentar su autonomía, entre otras. Los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas favorables en salud oral ayudan a conservar una buena salud, los cuales se desarrollan a lo largo de la vida. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de salud oral en las personas con discapacidad cognitiva que participaron en el Programa Institucional de Inclusión de Personas con Discapacidad Cognitiva a la Educación Superior de la Universidad de Costa Rica (PROIN) durante el año 2021. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un enfoque mixto, para el enfoque cuantitativo se utilizó una muestra representativa de 86 estudiantes matriculados en PROIN y para la parte cualitativa se utilizó una muestra por criterio con un muestreo opinático, estableciendo el tamaño por saturación de la información. Se utilizaron como técnicas de recolección de datos la encuesta con su respectivo cuestionario y la entrevista semiestructurada. Se evidenció que existen temas que se deben reforzar, como lo es el sangrado de encías, la importancia de conservar las piezas dentales, así como la práctica de uso de hilo dental, donde la mayoría de los estudiantes expresaron tener dificultades para su utilización. Además, se encontró buenas actitudes con respecto a la visita al odontólogo, sin embargo, se debe derribar barreras de acceso que se presentan para esta población. Este estudio demostró la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales en el tema de discapacidad y desarrollar programas de promoción de la salud oral específicos para personas con discapacidad cognitiva.

Abstract Financial resilience is a faculty that improves the capabilities of companies to identify financial problems, resist them, confront them and recover quickly in the face of an economic crisis, such as that generated by COVID-19. The objective of this article is to determine the effects of financial resilience on the economic well-being of MSMEs in Baja California, Mexico. An economic well-being index is estimated based on the OECD/INFE (2020) methodology and an econometric model with information from 465 entrepreneurs to prove that financial resilience attenuated economic shocks in MSMEs during the recent period of economic crisis. The results suggest that, although the economic deficit negatively affected the economic well-being of the MSME, the majority of entrepreneurs preferred to be prudent, supporting deficits and avoiding new financial instruments. It was evident that MSME entrepreneurs sought to restore and improve their economic well-being through financial prudence.

Resumen La resiliencia financiera es una facultad que mejora las capacidades de las empresas para identificar problemas financieros, resistirlos, afrontarlos y recuperarse rápidamente ante una situación de crisis económica, como la generada por el COVID-19. El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar los efectos de la resiliencia financiera sobre el bienestar económico de la MiPyMe en Baja California, México. Se estima un índice de bienestar económico con base en la metodología de OECD/INFE (2020) y un modelo econométrico con información de 465 empresarios para probar que la resiliencia financiera atenuó los choques económicos en las MiPyMe durante el periodo reciente de crisis económica. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien el déficit económico afectó negativamente al bienestar económico de la MiPyMe, la mayoría de empresarios prefirieron ser prudentes, soportando déficits y evitar nuevos instrumentos financieros. Se evidenció que los empresarios de MiPyMe buscaron a través de la prudencia financiera restablecer y mejorar su bienestar económico.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi caracterizar a situação da inclusão financeira no setor rural do cantão de Guayaquil, bem como o papel das cooperativas de poupança e crédito nesse processo. Os métodos utilizados foram hipotético-dedutivos, bem como revisão e análise documental, pesquisa e entrevista. O estudo foi realizado nas paróquias rurais de Posorja, Puná, Tenguel e Morro, em Guayaquil, Equador, onde vive um total de 27.017 pessoas com mais de 18 anos de idade. Constatou-se que as cooperativas de poupança e crédito são mais relevantes em locais onde a ruralidade e a pobreza são maiores e que a população rural tem uma percepção mista do desempenho das instituições financeiras formais, pois desconfia e está insatisfeita com a forma como esses estabelecimentos operam. Os níveis de inclusão financeira são insuficientes, enquanto as cooperativas de poupança e crédito podem contribuir para melhorar essa situação.

Abstract The article aimed to characterize the situation of financial inclusion in the rural sector of the Guayaquil canton, as well as the role of savings and credit cooperatives in this process. The hypothetical-deductive methods were applied, as well as the documentary review and analysis, the survey and the interview. The study was carried out in the rural parishes of Posorja, Puná, Tenguel and Morro in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where a total of 27,017 people over 18 years of age reside. It was obtained that savings and credit cooperatives have greater relevance in places where rurality and poverty are greater and that people in rural areas maintain a regular perception of the development of formal financial entities, since they are distrustful and dissatisfied with the way these establishments operate. Levels of financial inclusion are insufficient, while savings and credit cooperatives can contribute to improving this situation.

Resumen El artículo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la situación de la inclusión financiera en el sector rural del cantón Guayaquil, así como el papel de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en este proceso. Como métodos se aplicaron el hipotético-deductivo, así como la revisión y análisis documental, la encuesta y la entrevista. El estudio se llevó a cabo en las parroquias rurales de Posorja, Puná, Tenguel y Morro en Guayaquil, Ecuador, donde residen un total de 27017 personas mayores de 18 años. Se obtuvo que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito tienen una mayor relevancia en lugares donde la ruralidad y pobreza es mayor y que las personas del medio rural mantienen una percepción regular ante el desenvolvimiento de las entidades financieras formales, ya que se muestran desconfiadas e insatisfechas con la forma de funcionamiento de estos establecimientos. Los niveles de inclusión financiera son insuficientes, mientras que las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito pueden contribuir a mejorar esta situación.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre la fragilidad financiera de los mexicanos y las siguientes variables: alfabetización financiera, ahorro, tenencia de activos, shocks financieros, educación financiera e inclusión financiera. También se identifican las características socioeconómicas y demográficas asociadas a la fragilidad financiera. Se utiliza un modelo Probit dicotómico estimado con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera, 2021. Los resultados muestran que la alfabetización financiera, el ahorro (formal e informal), la educación financiera y la tenencia de activos se relacionan negativamente con la probabilidad de ser financieramente frágil. Los altos ingresos y la tenencia de ahorros formales e informales son los predictores más robustos de fragilidad financiera, con un efecto marginal de -9.40%, -5.34% y -5.27%, respectivamente. La probabilidad de ser financieramente frágil está relacionada con bajos ingresos y bajo nivel educativo, así como haber experimentado sobreendeudamiento en el último año. Los hallazgos pueden ser de utilidad para el diseño de estrategias de educación financiera que brinden a la población capacitación y de esta forma protección contra la disminución de ingresos.

Abstract The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between Mexicans’ financial fragility and the following variables: financial literacy, savings, assets owning, financial shocks, financial education, and financial inclusion. Likewise, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with financial fragility are identified. The dichotomous Probit model is used for the analysis, estimated with data from the 2021 National Survey of Financial Inclusion. The results show that financial literacy, savings (formal and informal), financial education and possession of assets are negatively related to the probability of being financially fragile. High income and holding formal and informal savings are the most robust predictors of financial fragility, with a marginal effect of -9.40%, -5.34% and -5.27%, respectively. The probability of being considered financially fragile is related to low income and a low educational level, plus having overspent in the last year. The findings can be useful for financial education strategies design, to provide the population financial training in resources administration and protection against income decrease.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre el alfabetismo financiero y el bienestar financiero de los empresarios de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. La metodología aplicada incluye análisis factorial confirmatorio y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Los resultados indican que el alfabetismo financiero se relaciona con el bienestar financiero de manera directa a través del componente de comportamiento financiero y de forma inversa mediante la actitud financiera. Además, el conocimiento financiero no resultó significativamente asociado a este. Consecuentemente, se proponen las siguientes recomendaciones para empresarios: involucrarse más en prácticas saludables de inclusión y alfabetización financieras y transitar de modelos enfocados solamente en las ganancias a otros que consideren su autorrealización y satisfacción. Sus principales limitaciones e implicaciones son la falta de datos para un análisis por rama económica y su alcance geográfico, así como sus repercusiones en política pública. Su originalidad radica en el análisis del bienestar financiero entre empresarios. Las conclusiones de este trabajo tienen impacto en la instrumentación de la política de inclusión financiera en México y, por ende, en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the relationship between financial literacy and financial well-being among businesspersons in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. The applied methodology includes confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression models. Our results indicate that financial literacy is related to financial well-being directly through its financial behavior component and inversely through financial attitude. Moreover, financial knowledge was not significantly associated with it. Hence, we propose the following recommendations for businesspeople and entrepreneurs: becoming more involved in healthy financial inclusion and financial literacy practices and inspiring their transition from models focused solely on profits to others considering their self-realization and satisfaction. Its main limitations and implications are the scarcity of data to perform an analysis by industry, its geographical outreach, and its public policy repercussions. Its originality lies in analyzing financial well-being among businesspeople, a topic rarely studied in Mexico. Our conclusions impact the implementation of the financial inclusion policy in Mexico and, therefore, contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue medir el índice de alfabetización financiera (IAF) de los empleadores y determinar los factores que lo influyen con base en datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera 2021. En dicha medición, se utilizó la metodología de la OECD (2015), adaptada por la CNBV (2019). Para analizar los factores determinantes se utilizó un modelo lineal generalizado con muestras complejas mediante el software SPSS (versión 26). Las personas con actividad empresarial, obtuvieron un índice de 63.6, en escala de 0 a 100, 5 puntos por arriba de la población general en México (58.6). Las variables, sexo, escolaridad, acceso a educación financiera y confianza en el sistema, resultaron significativas. Se recomienda en futuros estudios indagar si existen diferencias entre empleadores por tamaño de empresa. La originalidad, reside en haber utilizado una muestra representativa a nivel nacional con empleadores como población objetivo. La educación financiera debería atender, especialmente, a los empleadores más jóvenes, con menor nivel educativo y sin acceso a información financiera para mejorar su comportamiento de acuerdo al análisis de regresión.

Abstrtact The objective of the research was to measure the financial literacy index (FAI) of the participants and determine the factors that influence it based on data from the 2021 National Financial Inclusion Survey. To measure the index, the OECD methodology was used (2015) and adapted by the CNBV (2019). To analyze the determining factors, a generalized linear model was used with complex samples using SPSS version 26 software. People with business activity obtained an index of 63.6 on a scale from 0 to 100, 5 points above the general population in Mexico (58.6). The variables sex, education, access to financial education and trust in the system were significant. It is recommended in future studies to report whether there are differences between obstacles by company size. The originality lies in having used a nationally representative sample with advantages as a target population. Financial education should especially serve the youngest, with a lower educational level and without access to financial information to improve their behavior according to the regression analysis.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el papel del componente de alfabetización financiera islámica en la creación de inclusión financiera y el desarrollo de microempresas en Indonesia. En este estudio se empleó un diseño de investigación transversal y se recolectaron datos de 138 microempresas ubicadas en Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de ruta y se adoptó IBM SPSS 26 para probar la hipótesis. Este estudio reveló que solo dos de los componentes de alfabetización financiera islámica influyen positivamente y significativamente en la inclusión financiera islámica. Este estudio también encontró que solo un componente de la alfabetización financiera islámica influye positiva y significativamente en el desempeño de las microempresas. Otros hallazgos muestran una relación positiva y significativa entre la inclusión financiera islámica y el desempeño de las microempresas. Este estudio indica que el componente de la educación financiera islámica desempeña un papel importante en la promoción de la inclusión financiera islámica, que es necesaria para el crecimiento de las microempresas en Indonesia. El propietario o gerente de microempresas debe aumentar su alfabetización financiera islámica a través de diversos programas de capacitación. Este es el primer estudio en Indonesia en investigar el papel de la literaria financiera islámica en la inclusión financiera y el desarrollo de microempresas. Este estudio tiene limitaciones en cuanto al tamaño de la muestra y la ubicación de la investigación.

Abstract This research aims to look at the role of Islamic financial literacy component in creating financial inclusion and developing micro-businesses in Indonesia. Cross sectional research design was employed in this study and data were collected from 138 micro-business located in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The data was analyzed using path analysis and IBM SPSS 26 was adopted to testing the hypotesis. This study revealed that only two of Islamic financial literacy components positively and significant influences Islamic financial inclusion. This study also found that only one component of Islamic financial literacy positively and significantly influences micro-business performance. Other findings show a positive and significant relationship between Islamic financial inclusion and micro-business performance. This study indicates that component of Islamic financial literacy play an important role in promoting Islamic financial inclution which is necessary for growth of micro-business in Indonesia. Owner or manager of micro-business should increase their Islamic financial literacy through various training programs. This is the first study in Indonesia in investigating the role of Islamic financial litaracy on financial inclusion and micro-business development. This study has limitations in sample size and research location.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the contributions of rural women in Ecologically Based Family Agroindustrial Systems (SAFEs), demonstrating how many hours farming families work in different activities, how much income each activity generates and the importance of women farmers' work. Thus, through the economic-financial assessment method of added value, it was possible to survey the hours worked of all family, in four activities: primary production, agroindustry, commerce and domestic work, and then calculate the individual financial contribution. for the composition of family income. The research was applied in 12 SAFEs, in the years 2020 and 2021, in the Southwest region of Paraná. The results show that, in addition to playing a central role in food processing, working around 75% of hours in agroindustrialization, women actively participate in primary production, in the construction of food markets and in the management of SAFEs. Furthermore, they generate, on average, 28 thousand reais/year from nom paid domestic work, with 95% of the hours worked by them. Thus, the research showed that the productive inclusion of women did not reduce their workload in reproductive activities, causing double shifts. Even so, they seek greater levels of autonomy, financial independence and occupy public spaces, previously reserved for men. SAFEs , (SAFEs) activities farmers Thus economicfinancial economic value production agroindustry contribution 1 202 2021 Paraná processing 75 agroindustrialization Furthermore generate average 2 reaisyear reais year 95 them shifts so autonomy spaces men (SAFEs 20 7 9

Resumo Este artigo busca analisar as contribuições das mulheres rurais nos Sistemas Agroindustriais Familiares de Base Ecológica (SAFEs), demonstrando quantas horas as famílias agricultoras trabalham em diversas atividades, quanta renda cada atividade gera e a importância do trabalho das agricultoras. Assim, por meio do método de avaliação econômico-financeiro do valor agregado foi possível levantar as horas trabalhadas de todos(as) os(as) integrantes da família, em quatro atividades: produção primária, agroindústria, comércio e trabalho doméstico, e, depois, calcular a contribuição financeira individual para a composição da renda familiar. A pesquisa foi aplicada em 12 SAFEs, nos anos de 2020 e 2021, na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Os resultados mostram que, além de desempenharem um papel central no processamento de alimentos, trabalhando cerca de 75% das horas na agroindustrialização, as mulheres participam ativamente da produção primária, na construção de mercados alimentares e da gestão dos SAFEs. Mais ainda, geram, em média, 28 mil reais/ano com o trabalho doméstico não remunerado, sendo 95% das horas trabalhadas por elas. Dessa forma, a pesquisa mostrou que a inclusão produtiva das mulheres não diminuiu sua carga de trabalho em atividades reprodutivas, ocasionando dupla jornada. Mesmo assim, elas buscam maiores níveis de autonomia, independência financeira e ocupam espaços públicos, antes reservados aos homens. SAFEs , (SAFEs) Assim econômicofinanceiro econômico financeiro todosas todos todos(as osas os os(as família primária agroindústria depois familiar 1 202 2021 Paraná alimentos 75 agroindustrialização ainda geram média 2 reaisano reais ano remunerado 95 forma reprodutivas jornada assim autonomia públicos homens (SAFEs 20 7 9

Abstract Purpose Our research examined the impact of readability on the understandability of notes to the financial statement and investigated the influence of a glossary on understandability. Theoretical framework Previous studies have treated readability and understandability as synonymous, but understandability is a broader concept influenced by contextual complexity, syntax, and individual characteristics. Design/methodology/approach We conducted an experiment involving 111 participants in Brazil with a background in accounting. We manipulated components of the Flesch readability metric and assessed their impact on understandability, as measured by the Meaning Identification Test. Findings Enhancing the readability of financial statement notes did not improve their understandability. However, participants' overall comprehension abilities and personal characteristics were found to significantly influence understandability. Additionally, the inclusion of a glossary of technical terms had a positive impact on understandability only for users with limited prior knowledge. Practical & social implications of research Researchers should consider alternative metrics to assess understandability. Standard setters and regulators should reconsider the effectiveness of presenting a glossary. Investors can advocate for improved text quality measures and the presentation of high quality information. Originality/value Most readability studies focus on reports written in English, and they are mainly applied to Anglophone countries. Our study extends this area of research in Brazil to reports written in Portuguese. Additionally, it highlights the need to explore the relationship between readability and understandability, as traditional readability formulas may not fully capture the comprehensibility of a text. synonymous complexity syntax Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach 11 accounting Test However Additionally knowledge information Originalityvalue Originality value English countries Portuguese 1