Resumen (Introducción): Se presenta una parte de los hallazgos de la investigación Sentido de Respeto a la Vida: Entre el Otro-Silencioso y la Escuela, desarrollada en el marco de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad del Cauca, Colombia. Se comprende el modo en que el ser humano se ha situado como “ser superior” en su relación con los animales, denominados por San Martín (2016) los Otros Silenciosos. El objetivo fue comprender el sentido de respeto a la vida por el Otro-Silencioso que otorgan los estudiantes y maestros del área de ciencias naturales de octavo grado de la Institución Educativa Gabriela Mistral de la ciudad de Popayán. Se siguió el método fenomenológico Análisis Reflexivo de Lester Embree (2003); el diseño permitió alcanzar las 3 reducciones fenomenológicas: natural, eidética y trascendental. Se encontró que existe una perspectiva antropocéntrica del Otro-Silencioso asumido como un ser con sentimientos humanos y sobre el cual se proyecta la mismidad de lo humano.

Abstract Part of the findings of the research: Sense of Respect for Life: Between the Silent-Other and the School developed within the framework of the Master’s Degree in Education at the University of Cauca, Colombia, is presented. We understand the way in which the human being has situated himself as a “superior being” in his relation with animals, called by San Martín (2016) the Silent Others. The objective was to understand the sense of respect for life by the Silent-Other, that students and teachers in the area of Natural Sciences in the eighth grade, of the Gabriela Mistral School in the city of Popayán give. The phenomenological method was followed from the proposal of Reflective Analysis by Lester Embree (2003), the design allowed to reach the 3 phenomenological reductions: natural, eidetic and transcendental. It was found that there exists an anthropocentric perspective of the Silent-Others that assumes them as a being with human feelings and on which a selfhood of the human is projected.

Abstract Considering dynamic and meaningful learning, the present study aimed to analyze the use of Storytelling applied remotely as a teaching activity for students of an undergraduate nursing course who participate in an academic association. A cross-sectional analytical and qualitative study was carried out, whose participants were students linked to an academic association at a federal public university, in the city of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil (BR). Data collection was carried out through an electronic form and remote focus group, demonstrated by descriptive statistics and analysis of the thematic content by category, with the Significance Units identified by colorimetry from the meaning of each Record Unit that gave rise to two categories: 1) Storytelling during the teaching-learning process and 2) Storytelling perceived by students. The stories demonstrate the students’ perception in relation to the planning and teaching-learning experience, regarding the use of Storytelling and the collective construction of the story presented, based on the challenges and contributions that this process brought to their training. It was observed that Storytelling can be used as a strategy to mobilize emotions and feelings, dynamic and meaningful, adaptable to the digital format and positively accepted among undergraduate students. Its use is suggested in the teaching-learning process and in research to measure its effectiveness and efficiency.

Resumen Considerando el aprendizaje dinámico y significativo, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el uso del storytelling (narración de cuentos) aplicado en forma remota como actividad de enseñanza para alumnos de un curso de pregrado en enfermería que participan en una asociación académica. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico y cualitativo, cuyos participantes fueron alumnos vinculados a una asociación académica en una universidad pública federal, en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil (BR). La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un formulario electrónico y grupo focal remoto, demostrados por estadística descriptiva y análisis del contenido temático por categoría, siendo las Unidades de Significación identificadas por colorimetría a partir del significado de cada Unidad de Registro que originaron dos categorías: 1) Storytelling durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y 2) Storytelling percibida por los alumnos. Los relatos demuestran la percepción de los alumnos en relación con la planificación y experiencia enseñanza-aprendizaje, mediante el uso del Storytelling y la construcción colectiva de la historia presentada, a partir de desafíos y contribuciones que dicho proceso trajo para su formación. Se observó que el storytelling puede ser utilizado como una estrategia movilizadora de emociones y sentimientos, dinámica y significativa, adaptable al formato digital y de aceptación positiva entre los alumnos de pregrado. Se sugiere su uso en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y en la investigación para medir su eficacia y eficiencia.

Abstract This research analyzes the phenomenon of tourist travel to some destinations in relation to the animated film Coco, based on the Day of the Dead tradition celebrated in Mexico, and the motivations of tourists to travel; Thus, from a qualitative approach, it is shown how visitors of “Mama Coco” in Michoacan incur in behavioral patterns explained by the concept of media pilgrimage, but unlike similar trips, commonly linked to sites, in this case the center is found in a person whom they associate with feelings of nostalgia and family ties.

Resumen En esta investigación se analiza el fenómeno del desplazamiento de turistas a algunos destinos a propósito del filme animado Coco, basado en la tradición de Día de Muertos celebrada en México y las motivaciones de los turistas para desplazarse; de modo que a partir de un enfoque cualitativo, se muestra cómo los visitantes de “Mamá Coco” en Michoacán incurren en patrones de comportamiento explicados por el concepto de peregrinación mediática, pero a diferencia de viajes similares, comúnmente ligados a sitios, en este caso el centro se encuentra en una persona a la que asocian con sentimientos de nostalgia y lazos familiares.

ABSTRACT Community gardens inspired by agroecological models are trends in cities that seek to stimulate positive environments. Among the possible strategies, they allow us to integrate policies that aim to eradicate eradicate hunger, guarantee food quality and increase the family economy. This study aims to analyze the symbolic and emotional meanings of users during their activities in urban community gardens. There were 40 interviewees with average age between 45 and 80 years old, through the Affective Map Generator Instrument. The research was carried out on site and the participants were invited to develop the information and respond to the interview. The images produced are analyzed from their structures, feelings and senses. It is confirmed that experiences in these environments are mediated by feelings of pleasantness, belonging and restoration. Among the senses attributed, the connection with nature and social interaction stand out. It is concluded that these dimensions present in the studied gardens can contribute to the promotion of health, sustainability and environmental preservation.

RESUMO As hortas comunitárias inspiradas em modelos agroecológicos já são tendências nas cidades que buscam estimular ambientes positivos. Entre as possíveis estratégias, permitem integrar políticas que visam à erradicação da fome, a garantia de qualidade alimentar e o aumento da economia familiar. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os significados simbólicos e afetivos dos usuários diante de suas atividades nas hortas comunitárias urbanas. Foram 40 entrevistados com idade média entre 45 e 80 anos, por meio do Instrumento Gerador de Mapas Afetivos. A pesquisa foi realizada in loco e os participantes foram convidados a desenhar a horta e responder à entrevista. As imagens produzidas foram analisadas a partir de suas estruturas, sentimentos e sentidos. Constatou-se que as vivências nesses ambientes foram mediadas por sentimentos de agradabilidade, pertencimento e restauração. Entre os sentidos atribuídos, destacaram-se a conexão com a natureza e a interação social. Conclui-se que tais dimensões presentes nas hortas estudadas podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde, da sustentabilidade e a preservação ambiental.

Resumo A pandemia da Covid-19 pode ser considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública internacional dos últimos decénios, sendo evidentes os problemas de saúde mental ligados à imposição do confinamento durante a mesma. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática de literatura com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos da restrição da liberdade e do isolamento social na qualidade de vida das pessoas em Portugal durante o período de pandemia. Recorremos à Biblioteca do Conhecimento Online (B-On), procurando artigos publicados entre setembro de 2019 e março de 2022, e utilizando os termos: “Mental Health AND Confinement OR Quarantine OR Lockdown”, com seleção do campo “[TI Título]” e “Portugal OR Portuguese”. Os artigos incluídos no estudo identificaram efeitos negativos do confinamento no bem-estar mental e no estado emocional, associados a comportamentos de estilo de vida pouco saudáveis, inatividade física e social, má qualidade de sono, comportamentos alimentares pouco saudáveis, desemprego ou inatividade laboral e maior utilização da tecnologia durante o período de confinamento. As medidas de restrição culminaram no agravamento da sintomatologia depressiva, de ansiedade e na diminuição da qualidade de vida, associada a sentimentos de solidão e isolamento social.

Abstract Covid-19 pandemic can be considered one of the biggest international public health problems in the last decades, and had a severe impact on the mental health and wellbeing of people around the world linked to the imposition of confinement. We carried out a systematic literature review with the aim of analyzing the effects of restriction of freedom and social isolation on the quality of life of people in Portugal during the pandemic period. We used the Online Knowledge Library (B-On), looking for articles published between September 2019 and March 2022, and using the terms: “Mental Health AND Confinement OR Quarantine OR Lockdown”, selecting the field “[TI Title]” and “Portugal OR Portuguese”. We tried to identify negative effects of confinement on mental well-being and emotional state, associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, physical and social inactivity, poor sleep quality, unhealthy eating behaviors, unemployment or work inactivity and greater use of technology during the confinement period. The restriction measures culminated in the worsening of depressive and anxiety symptoms and a decrease in quality of life, associated with feelings of loneliness and social isolation.

Resumo Várias medidas foram implementas por governos em todo o mundo para impedir a disseminação da COVID-19. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a forma como as populações percecionaram essas medidas e a sua implementação. Assim, este estudo pretende explorar a forma como as pessoas adultas residentes em Portugal percecionam a gestão da pandemia COVID-19 pelas entidades governamentais. Foram entrevistadas 88 pessoas adultas (n = 45; 51%; Min: 19 anos; Máx.: 92 anos). As entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas entre janeiro e setembro de 2022, transcritas e analisadas de acordo com a Análise Temática codebook. Foram identificados três temas principais: (a) Medidas indispensáveis no combate à pandemia da COVID-19; (b) As autoridades oficiais fizeram o melhor que puderam; e (c) O lado negro da gestão da pandemia COVID-19 em Portugal. As nossas conclusões sugerem que os participantes consideraram a gestão da pandemia COVID-19 como bem-sucedida, afirmando que o governo adotou medidas bem concebidas, mesmo com informações e recursos limitados. No entanto, as pessoas adultas queixaram-se de não compreenderem o raciocínio por detrás de algumas das medidas, do atraso na implementação de algumas medidas e de falhas na comunicação governamental. Assim, os governos devem aumentar a transparência no processo de tomada de decisão, bem como melhorar a comunicação com a população, aumentando assim potencialmente a adesão às medidas necessárias e os sentimentos de segurança e tranquilidade durante uma crise de saúde pública.

Abstract Several measures were undertaken by governments globally to prevent the dissemination of COVID-19. However, little is known about how populations perceived these measures and their implementation. Thus, this study aims to explore how adults residing in Portugal perceived the management of the COVID-19 pandemic by governmental entities. A sample of 88 adults were interviewed (n = 45; 51%; age range: 19 to 92 years). Semi-structured interviews were conducted between Jan-Sep 2022, transcribed, and analyzed according to codebook Thematic Analysis. Three main themes were identified: 1) Indispensable measures in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) The government did the best it could; and 3) The dark side of the COVID-19 pandemic’s management in Portugal. Our findings suggest that participants perceived the COVID-19 pandemic’s management as successful, stating that the government adopted well-conceived measures, even with limited information and resources. However, adults complained about not understanding the reasoning behind some of the measures, the off-timing of some measures’ implementation, and failures in governmental communication. Thus, governments should increase transparency in the decision-making process, as well as improve communication with the population, thus potentially increasing adherence to the necessary measures and feelings of safety and tranquility during a public health crisis.

The experiences of mentors, tutors, and writing consultants in the execution of their roles during unprecedented times, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, remain insufficiently explored and inadequately documented. This article, which adopts a qualitative research methodology with a specific focus on a rural-based comprehensive university in South Africa, delves into the experiences and reflections of mentors, tutors, and writing consultants in the course of their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic. We contend that providing safe spaces for mentors, tutors and writing practitioners to share their experiences on their roles not only during the pandemic should be central to all student support initiatives. This fosters a sense of reflection on their practices which in turn results in professional growth and development as reflective practitioners capable of enhancing student success in higher education. In assessing their work, data was gathered from a population comprising seventy-two selected mentors and tutors (referred to as MenTuts), as well as writing consultants affiliated with the Academic Development Unit (ADU) of the institution. Content and thematic analysis were employed to examine the data after coding. The reflections and experiences of MenTuts and writing consultants were both positive and negative. They expressed enthusiasm for their roles during the COVID-19 pandemic but also conveyed feelings of being overwhelmed by the challenges they faced. This underscores the need for exploring alternative approaches to mentoring, tutoring, and writing consultancy to enhance effective student learning and success in higher education during both present and future unprecedented times. Given the plethora of recent unprecedented events, higher education institutions in South Africa as well as in Africa should start undertaking innovative radical approaches for student support initiatives that are centred around engaging with mentors, tutors, and writing consultants to ensure that they are able to reflect on their experiences to enhance student learning.

RESUMEN El rock peruano responde a los contextos económicos, políticos y sociales por los que atraviesa el país, y se conforma como un medio de expresión de la población en general. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las representaciones del sufrimiento amoroso y el sexo en las letras de las canciones de Pedro Suárez-Vértiz y Libido. Para ello, se aplicó el enfoque semántico pragmático propuesto por Molero (2003) compuesto por los niveles: lógico-conceptual, lingüístico y discursivo. Se determinó que, a nivel lógico conceptual, en ambos artistas las canciones sobre la congoja amorosa describen situaciones en las que el protagonista sufre por recuerdos o el fin de una relación; mientras que, sobre sexo, se identificó que la lírica describe actos sexuales. A nivel lingüístico, los dominios sobre sufrimiento amoroso en ambos artistas son: inmaterial y sentimientos; sobre sexo, el dominio común en ambos artistas es naturaleza. Por último, a nivel discursivo se identificó que en la letra de ambos artistas y en ambos temas predomina la narración de los hechos: en la lírica de Libido se empleó un lenguaje más literario y presentó un mayor número de metáforas para referirse al sufrimiento amoroso; mientras que la lírica de Suárez-Vértiz empleó un lenguaje más explícito y un mayor número de metáforas para referirse al sexo.

ABSTRACT Peruvian rock music responds to the economic, political, and social contexts the country is going through and is a means of expression for the general population. The objective of the research was to analyze the representations of amorous suffering and sex in the lyrics of the songs by Pedro Suárez-Vértiz and Libido. For this purpose, the pragmatic-semantic approach proposed by Molero (2003) was applied; it is composed of the following levels: logical-conceptual, linguistic, and discursive. It was determined that the songs about love pain of both artists, at the logical-conceptual level, describe situations in which the protagonist suffers from memories or the end of a romantic relationship, while, on sex, it was identified that the lyric describes sexual acts. At the linguistic level, the domains about amorous suffering in both artists are immaterial and feelings; about sex, the common domain in both artists is nature. Finally, at the discursive level, it was identified that in the lyrics of both artists and both themes, the narration of facts predominates; Libido's lyric used a more literary language and presented a more significant number of metaphors to refer to amorous suffering. In contrast, Suárez-Vértiz's lyrics used more explicit language and a greater number of metaphors to refer to sex.

Abstract This article studies the origins of a petroculture in Mexico that was intertwined with imaginaries of the nation and national identity. It analyzes the 1914-1937 period to show the way in which the oil policies of Venustiano Carranza, the Constitutional Convention of 1917, legislative debates on a Petroleum Law, the founding of Petromex and petroleum literature contributed to connecting this fuel with elements of Mexican nationalism, such as the image of a fatherland rich in natural resources, with a promising future; xenophobic sentiments; evocations of historical memories; and feelings of patriotic pride. It also offers an analysis of the detractors of this petronationalism. The theoretical references for this article are the modernist theory on the construction of nations and the concept of “petroculture” derived from the Energy Humanities.

Resumen: Este artículo estudia los inicios de cuando en México se comenzó a moldear una petrocultura entrelazada con idearios de nación e identidad nacional. Se analiza el periodo de 1914-1937 para demostrar que la política petrolera de Venustiano Carranza, el Constituyente de 1917, los debates legislativos para una Ley del petróleo, la fundación de Petromex y la literatura sobre el petróleo, contribuyeron a relacionar este energético con elementos del nacionalismo mexicano, tales como: una imagen de patria rica en recursos naturales y con futuro promisorio, sentimientos antiextranjeros, evocaciones de memoria histórica y orgullo patriótico. Asimismo, se ofrece un análisis de los detractores de este nacionalismo petrolero. Los referentes teóricos de esta investigación son la teoría modernista sobre construcción de naciones, así como el concepto “petrocultura” derivado de las Energy Humanities.

Resumen La fragmentación de los ecosistemas naturales viene siendo un grave problema mundial, ocasionado por la construcción de infraestructura convencional, que, si bien ha contribuido al desarrollo económico de las grandes ciudades, su instalación y funcionamiento afecta socioeconómicamente a diferentes poblaciones rurales, creando en ellas condiciones y sensaciones de marginalidad y pobreza. Por ello, se ha evaluado mediante la ecología del paisaje y un software especializado, si aquella construida desde el año 1975 en la puna del Departamento de Tacna, ha provocado efectos ecológicos sobre sus ecosistemas y sociedades altoandinas, determinándose que 267,3 km2 de infraestructura convencional (5.51% de la superficie total) ha provocado el efecto barrera sobre el Suri y el efecto área en diversas especies de flora silvestre, reduciendo su abundancia, diversidad y cobertura, pero también del efecto borde, evidenciado por cambios en la humedad relativa y temperaturas del suelo y ambiente encontradas. La interacción del hombre rural con su entorno natural satisface sus necesidades humanas, comprobándose .- que el reemplazo parcial o total de los ecosistemas, ha limitado las condiciones básicas de desarrollo, como el acceso a recursos y la exclusión 110 en las decisiones sobre ellos, generando un clima de injusticia, provocando reclamos y oposiciones durante los conflictos sociales pasados que aún son latentes, por lo que la implementación de mejores mecanismos de evaluación del impacto ambiental, de gestión territorial, de restauración y desarrollo rural, basado en la conservación de sus ecosistemas y las compensaciones o retribuciones efectivas por servicios ecosistémicos, garantizaran el desarrollo y la paz social en las sociedades altoandinas de la ecorregión Puna.

Abstract The fragmentation of natural ecosystems has become a serious global problem caused by the construction of conventional infrastructure. While this development has contributed to the economic growth of large cities, its installation and operation have socio-economic impacts on various rural populations, creating conditions and feelings of marginalization and poverty among them. Therefore, an evaluation has been conducted using landscape ecology and specialized software to assess whether the infrastructure built since 1975 in the highlands of the Tacna Department has had ecological effects on its ecosystems and high Andean societies. It has been determined that 267.3 km2 of conventional infrastructure (5.51% of the total surface) has caused a barrier effect on the Suri and an area effect on various wild plant species, reducing their abundance, diversity, and coverage. Additionally, there is evidence of the edge effect, as indicated by changes in relative humidity and soil and ambient temperatures. The interaction of rural people with their natural environment fulfills their human needs, and it has been observed that the partial or total replacement of ecosystems has limited essential development conditions, such as access to resources and exclusion from decision-making about them. This replacements have generated a climate of exclusion and injustice, leading to protests and opposition in past social conflicts that still linger. Therefore, implementing better mechanisms for environmental impact assessment, territorial management, restoration, and rural development based on the conservation of ecosystems and adequate compensation for ecosystem services will ensure the development and social peace in the high Andean societies of the Puna ecoregion.

Abstract The so-called surgery diaries are a relatively recent type of content on the internet and social networks. These are videos in which Brazilian digital influencers narrate their experiences of undergoing cosmetic surgeries, such as the implantation of silicone prostheses in the breasts and liposuction. It is argued in this article that this material illustrates a particular type of digitization of life. The intimacy of the surgical process, as well as expectations, feelings and sensations are presented in an audiovisual format intended to be shared with a large number of “followers”. This phenomenon is analyzed considering the discussions about improvement, personal exposition, gender and corporal and subjective transformations.

Resumo Os chamados diários de cirurgia são um tipo de conteúdo relativamente recente na internet e nas redes sociais. Trata-se de vídeos nos quais influenciadoras digitais brasileiras narram as suas experiências de realização de cirurgias estéticas, como o implante de próteses de silicone nos seios e a lipoaspiração. Argumenta-se neste artigo que esse material ilustra um tipo particular de digitalização da vida. A intimidade do processo cirúrgico, bem como expectativas, sentimentos e sensações são apresentados em um formato audiovisual destinado a ser compartilhado com um grande número de “seguidores”. Esse fenômeno é analisado considerando as discussões sobre aprimoramento, exposição pessoal, gênero e transformações corporais e subjetivas.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the impacts of the social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on family life, with emphasis on the experience of motherhood and the relationship with children. Twenty mothers from the middle social strata, from 29 to 45 years old, who kept working activities at a distance and were in social isolation, participated. In-depth individual interviews were conducted by digital means. The collected material was transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis. The results showed that the changes imposed by the pandemic directly impacted family life, highlighting gender inequalities in routine organization, distribution of household tasks and parental care. An ambivalent relationship was observed between mothers and maternity and their social imperatives, which reverberated in the bond they establish with their children. The analysis reveals that emotional and physical burden contributes to exacerbate feelings of guilt and loneliness experienced in the relationship with motherhood, in addition to showing conflicts in the performance of the roles of mother, wife and professional. The women interviewed showed exhaustion with domestic and child care demands, in addition to conflicts related to the mismatch between expectations and social standards that regulate the exercise of motherhood and their personal experiences as mothers. The conclusions suggest the presence of an identity crisis due to the social ideals linked to the experiences of motherhood, which invites us to think about the urgency of looking at maternal suffering, seeking to understand the subjective dimensions of the transformations that this experience goes through in the times of social isolation.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos del aislamiento social resultante de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la vida familiar, con énfasis en la experiencia de la maternidad y la relación con los niños. Participaron 20 madres de estratos sociales medios, de 29 a 45 años de edad, que mantenían actividades laborales a distancia y se encontraban en aislamiento social. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales exhaustivas por medios digitales. El material recopilado se transcribió y se sometió a un análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados mostraron que los cambios impuestos por la pandemia afectaban directamente a la vida familiar, lo que explicaba las desigualdades de género en la organización rutinaria, la distribución de las tareas domésticas y el cuidado de los niños. Se observó una relación ambivalente entre las madres y la maternidad y sus imperativos sociales, que reverberaban en el vínculo que establecen con sus hijos. El análisis revela que la sobrecarga emocional y física contribuye a exacerbar los sentimientos de culpa y soledad experimentados en la relación con la maternidad, además de mostrar conflictos en el desempeño de los papeles de madre, esposa y profesional. Las mujeres entrevistadas mostraron agotamiento con las demandas domésticas y el cuidado de sus hijos, además de conflictos relacionados con el desajuste entre las expectativas y las normas sociales que regulan el ejercicio de la maternidad y sus experiencias personales como madres. Las conclusiones sugieren la presencia de una crisis de identidad ligada a los ideales sociales vinculados a las experiencias de la maternidad, lo que invita a pensar en la urgencia de mirar el sufrimiento materno, tratando de comprender las dimensiones subjetivas de las transformaciones en tiempos de aislamiento social.

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a vida familiar, com ênfase na vivência da maternidade e na relação com os filhos. Participaram 20 mães de camadas sociais médias, de 29 a 45 anos, que mantinham atividades laborais a distância e estavam em isolamento social. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais em profundidade por meio digital. O material coletado foi transcrito e submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados mostraram que as mudanças impostas pela pandemia impactaram diretamente a vida familiar, explicitando as desigualdades de gênero na organização da rotina, distribuição de tarefas domésticas e cuidados parentais. Observou-se uma relação ambivalente das mães com a maternidade e com seus imperativos sociais, que reverberam no vínculo que estabelecem com seus filhos. A análise revela que a sobrecarga emocional e física contribui para exacerbar sentimentos de culpa e solidão vivenciados na relação com a maternidade, além de evidenciar conflitos no desempenho dos papéis de mãe, esposa e profissional. As entrevistadas demonstraram exaustão com as demandas domésticas e de cuidados com os filhos, além de conflitos relacionados ao descompasso entre expectativas e padrões sociais que regulam o exercício da maternidade e suas experiências pessoais como mães. As conclusões sugerem a presença de uma crise identitária relacionada aos ideais sociais vinculados às vivências da maternidade, o que convida a pensar na urgência de se olhar para o sofrimento materno, buscando compreender as dimensões subjetivas das transformações que perpassam essa experiência na vigência do isolamento social.

O ato de cuidar cotidianamente de pessoas com dor, falta de ar e em morte iminente pode potencializar situações difíceis para profissionais da área. Contudo, raramente são discutidas nos serviços e no processo de formação profissional. Objetivou-se, então, analisar situações difíceis e sentimentos que emergem do cuidado de saúde. Esta é uma pesquisa de perspectiva fenomenológica e qualitativa, baseada em 30 situações difíceis de profissionais de saúde que atuam exclusivamente no cuidado paliativo oncológico. As entrevistas foram realizadas de agosto de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020. Os resultados mostram que as principais dificuldades foram motivadas pela identificação (quando o profissional vê semelhança com o paciente que cuida), morte ruim (com sofrimento), quando o paciente era jovem, morte de mãe com filho pequeno e quando havia divergência entre o proposto pelo profissional e a recusa do paciente. Percebeu-se relação entre tipos de situações difíceis e categoria profissional. Os profissionais expressaram tanto sentimentos desagradáveis (tristeza, impotência, angústia, medo) quanto agradáveis (compaixão, gratidão). Os resultados mostram que o ocultamento do processo de morrer ao longo do desenvolvimento civilizatório transformou-o em tabu, angustiante inclusive para quem trabalha com cuidados paliativos. Contribuem, também, para mostrar uma importante dimensão subjetiva do cuidado, geralmente negligenciada, que gera sofrimento, mas também ressignificação. Para que alguém cumpra seu propósito, é necessário encontrar sentido no trabalho, possibilitado pela modificação do estado interno do profissional pela experiência, que gera transformação e novo significado e saber a partir da práxis.

The act of caring for people in pain, shortness of breath, and imminent death on a daily basis can intensify difficult situations for health professionals. However, difficult situations are rarely discussed in the services and in the professional training process. This study aimed to analyze difficult situations and feelings that emerge from healthcare. This is a phenomenological and qualitative study based on 30 difficult situations of health professionals who work exclusively in palliative oncological care. The interviews were conducted from August to February 2020. The results show that the main difficulties were motivated by identification (when the professional recognizes similarities in the patient they are caring for), a bad death (with suffering), caring for young patients, the death of a mother with a small child, and when there was a divergence between what the professional proposed and the patient’s choice. There was a relationship between types of difficult situations and professional category. The professionals expressed both unpleasant feelings (sadness, impotence, anguish, fear) and pleasant feelings (compassion, gratitude). The results show that the concealment of the dying process throughout the societies’ development turned it into a taboo, causing distress even in those who work in palliative care. They also show an important subjective dimension of care, usually neglected, which generates suffering, but also resignification. To properly provide care, health professionals must find meaning in the work, made possible by the modification of the their internal mindset via experience, which generates transformation, new meaning, and knowledge from praxis.

El acto de atender diariamente a personas con dolor, dificultad para respirar y muerte inminente puede potenciar situaciones difíciles para los profesionales del área. Sin embargo, casi nunca se discuten en los servicios y en el proceso de formación profesional. El objetivo fue analizar situaciones difíciles y sentimientos que emergen del cuidado de la salud. Investigación de perspectiva fenomenológica y cualitativa, basada en 30 situaciones difíciles de profesionales de la salud que actúan exclusivamente en el cuidado paliativo oncológico. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre agosto y febrero de 2020. Los resultados enseñan que las principales dificultades se motivaron por la identificación (cuando el profesional ve similitud con el paciente que atiende), mala muerte (con sufrimiento), cuando el paciente era joven, muerte de una madre con hijo pequeño y cuando hubo discrepancia entre lo propuesto por el profesional y el rechazo del paciente. Se observó una relación entre tipos de situaciones difíciles y categoría profesional. Los profesionales expresaron tanto sentimientos desagradables (tristeza, impotencia, angustia, miedo) como agradables (compasión, gratitud). Los resultados indican que ocultar el proceso de morir a lo largo del desarrollo de la civilización lo convirtió en un tabú e, incluso, es angustiante para las personas que trabajan con cuidados paliativos. También contribuye a mostrar una importante dimensión subjetiva del cuidado, generalmente ignorada, que genera sufrimiento, pero también resignificación. Para que cumpla con su propósito es necesario encontrar sentido en el trabajo, posibilitado por la modificación del estado interno del profesional a través de la experiencia, generando transformación y un nuevo significado y conocimiento a partir de la praxis.

BACKGROUND: Full-service schools (FSSs) were introduced into the South African school system as part of the movement towards inclusive education OBJECTIVES: The authors of this article embarked on a study to obtain the opinions and feelings of a group of teachers about FSSs and inclusive education. Thus, the 'voice' of these teachers could be heard METHOD: The research followed a qualitative approach using group discussions and classroom observations. Triangulation was used to verify information RESULTS: The data revealed that the teacher participants had definite opinions and feelings about inclusive education in FSSs and their classroom experiences also came to light. The themes arising from the research are the teachers' opinions about teaching in FSSs, support from the school and the school management, discipline in the schools, teaching methods, language issues, religion and parent involvement CONCLUSION: It is clear that the specific needs of teachers whose schools were transformed into FSSs will have to be attended to. The teachers are the ones who have to apply inclusive education in their classrooms, and it is essential that teachers' teaching and personal needs in full-service classrooms are addressed CONTRIBUTION: The article contributes to a better understanding of the teachers' important role in FSSs and the problems experienced by the teachers. This aligns with the ethos of inclusive education and human rights included in the scope of the journal

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as diferenças de gênero em estresse psicológico e no bem-estar dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, analisando fatores de risco e de proteção para estresse psicológico e bem-estar subjetivo. Este foi um estudo transversal repetido com amostra de 1.588 indivíduos da população geral da Espanha - 50% do sexo feminino e 50% do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 74 anos. Os participantes foram avaliados online por meio de sete questionários e escalas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, de variância e de regressão múltipla hierárquica. Entre fevereiro e abril de 2022, 57,4% das mulheres e 38,7% dos homens apresentaram estresse psicológico, com porcentagens de 50,5% e 41,5%, respetivamente, entre outubro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. As mulheres também apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença, mais sentimentos negativos, menor equilíbrio afetivo e menor resiliência e autoestima do que os homens. Os indicadores mais importantes de maior estresse psicológico foram baixa autoestima, baixa resiliência, baixo apoio social e maior vulnerabilidade percebida à doença. Outros indicadores estatisticamente significativos foram: baixo nível de escolaridade entre as mulheres e não ser casado ou não viver com uma companheira entre os homens. Baixa autoestima também foi o melhor indicador de baixo bem-estar subjetivo; além disso, baixo apoio social e baixa resiliência também foram indicadores significativos. Além disso, baixo nível de escolaridade e alta vulnerabilidade percebida à doença foram indicadores estatisticamente significativos de baixo bem-estar subjetivo entre as mulheres e de não ser estudante entre os homens. Concluímos que estresse psicológico ainda é muito prevalente na Espanha dois anos após o início da pandemia da COVID-19, principalmente entre as mulheres.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las diferencias de género en distrés psicológico y en el bienestar a dos años del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, analizando factores de riesgo y de protección para distrés psicológico y bienestar subjetivo. Se trata de un estudio transversal repetido con una muestra de 1.588 individuos de la población general de España, 50% mujeres y 50% hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 74 años. Los participantes fueron evaluados en línea mediante 7 cuestionarios y escalas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, de varianza y de regresión múltiple jerárquica. Entre febrero y abril del 2022, el 57,4% de las mujeres y el 38,7% de los hombres presentaron distrés psicológico, con porcentajes del 50,5% y 41,5%, respectivamente, entre octubre del 2022 y febrero del 2023. Las mujeres también presentaron una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad, más sentimientos negativos, menos equilibrio afectivo y menor resiliencia y autoestima que los hombres. Los indicadores más importantes de un mayor distrés psicológico fueron la baja autoestima, la baja resiliencia, el escaso apoyo social y una mayor vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad. Otros indicadores estadísticamente significativos fueron los siguientes: bajo nivel de educación entre las mujeres y no estar casado o no vivir con una compañera entre los hombres. La baja autoestima también fue el mejor indicador de un bajo bienestar subjetivo; además, el escaso apoyo social y la baja resiliencia también fueron indicadores importantes. Además, el bajo nivel de educación y la alta vulnerabilidad percibida a la enfermedad fueron indicadores estadísticamente significativos de bajo bienestar subjetivo entre las mujeres y de no ser estudiantes entre los hombres. Concluimos que el distrés psicológico sigue siendo muy prevalente en España dos años después del inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19, especialmente entre las mujeres.

Abstract This study aimed to examine gender differences in distress and well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing risk and protective factors for psychological distress and subjective well-being. It is a repeated cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,588 women (50%) and men (50%) from the general Spanish population aged 18-74 years who were assessed online by seven questionnaires and scales. Descriptive, variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. From February to April 2022, 57.4% of women and 38.7% of men had psychological distress, percentages that totaled 50.5% and 41.5%, respectively, from October 2022 to February 2023. Women also had greater perceived vulnerability to diseases, more negative feelings, and lower affect balance, resilience, and self-esteem than men. The most important predictors of greater psychological distress refer to lower self-esteem, resilience, and social support and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases. Other statistically significant predictors included lower educational level in women and neither being married nor living with a partner in men. Lower self-esteem also best predicted lower subjective well-being, with lower social support and lower resilience also constituting significant predictors. Moreover, lower educational level and higher perceived vulnerability to diseases statistically and significantly predicted lower subjective well-being in women, as did not being a student in men. We conclude that psychological distress remains greatly prevalent in Spain two years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in women.