Abstract The improper disposal of this waste poses environmental challenges, which can be addressed through effective reuse strategies. This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing marine shell waste as partial substitutes for aggregates in concrete. The research involves investigating the physical characteristics of the recycled aggregate using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques to elucidate the contact surface with the paste. Additionally, chemical and mineralogical characteristics are analyzed through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction tests. The compressive strength test is conducted on concrete samples to assess the performance of these materials as both aggregate (shell type A) and filler (shell type B). The findings indicate that replacing up to 20% of marine shells as coarse aggregate and 10% as filler demonstrates feasibility for applications in structural concrete. Furthermore, up to 30% replacement can be directed towards non-structural concrete, providing a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications of marine shell residues in concrete production. challenges strategies AFM (AFM SEM (SEM paste Additionally Xray X ray tests A B. B . B) 20 10 Furthermore 30 nonstructural non production 2 1 3

Resumo As atividades de mariscagem e malacocultura produzem uma grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos compostos por conchas marinhas. O impacto ambiental do descarte inadequado pode ser atenuado com estratégias de reaproveitamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a viabilidade do uso de resíduo de conchas marinhas com substituintes parciais de agregados no concreto. As características físicas do agregado reciclado foram investigadas através das técnicas de Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) a fim de esclarecer aspectos da superfície de contato com a pasta; as características químicas e mineralógicas foram investigadas por meio dos ensaios de fluorescência de raios-X e difração de raios-X; e o ensaio de resistência à compressão foi conduzido em amostras de concreto foram moldadas para avaliação do comportamento destes materiais do comportamento destes materiais como agregado (concha tipo A) e fíler (concha tipo B). Concluiu-se que o uso de até 20% de substituição de concha marinha como agregado graúdo e 10% como filer mostrou viabilidade para aplicações em concretos estruturais e, de forma complementar, teores de até 30% podem ser direcionados à concretos não estruturais. reaproveitamento MFA (MFA MEV (MEV pasta raiosX raios X A B. B . B) Concluiuse Concluiu se 20 10 complementar 30 2 1 3

Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

Abstract The parental monitoring scale has demonstrated adequate levels of validity and feasibility in the USA and given the lack of instruments assessing this construct in Mexico, the aim of this study was to adapt and validate into Spanish the Parental Monitoring Instrument scale in Mexican adolescents and their parents, as well as its validation using external criteria. 448 adolescents from public schools in Guadalajara and 215 parents of adolescents were included. The scale was not equivalent for both adolescents and parents. The adolescent version had a four-dimensional structure, while the parent version had a three-dimensional structure. Scale reliability was ω = 80 and ω = 83 respectively. Criterion validation identified an association between parental supervision and substance use. The parental supervision scale can be used with Mexican adolescents and their parents. Evaluation of the scale’s psychometric structure in other contexts is encouraged.

Resumen La escala de supervisión parental ha demostrado niveles adecuados de validez y factibilidad en EEUU y ante la falta de instrumentos que evalúen este constructo en México, el objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar al español la escala Parental Monitoring Instrument en adolescentes mexicanos y sus padres, así como evaluar su validación mediante criterios externos. Se incluyeron 448 adolescentes de escuelas públicas de Guadalajara y 215 padres de adolescentes. La escala no fue equivalente para adolescentes y padres. La versión de adolescentes tuvo una estructura de cuatro dimensiones, mientras que la de padres fue de tres. La confiabilidad de la escala fue de ω =80 y ω = 83 respectivamente. En la validación mediante criterios se identificó asociación entre la supervisión parental y el consumo de sustancias. En conclusión, la escala de supervisión parental se puede utilizar con adolescentes mexicanos y sus padres. Se alienta a evaluar su estructura psicométrica en otros contextos.

Abstract The development of mining projects in the exploration and pre-feasibility stages involves challenges related to geological and processing heterogeneity and uncertainty due to variability in their primary and response attributes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop the geometallurgical model of the Bond work index. For this purpose, linear regression models were developed in Jupyter Notebook considering 790 samples of uniaxial compressive strength of rock (UCS), lithologies, mineral zones and Bond work index (BWi) in a porphyry copper deposit. The results indicate a directly proportional linear relationship between BWi and UCS, generating modeling with acceptable R2 performances between 0,76 and 0,90. In addition, the lithologies and ore zones in the deposit studied are relevant characteristics related to comminution. Finally, according to rock competence, the rock is classified as medium to hard, hard and very hard in the oxide, mixed and primary sulfide zones, respectively.

Resumen El desarrollo de proyectos mineros en etapas de exploración y prefactibilidad conlleva desafíos relacionados a la heterogeneidad e incertidumbre geológica y de procesamiento debido a la variabilidad en sus atributos primarios y de respuesta. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación radica en elaborar el modelo geometalúrgico del índice de trabajo de Bond. Para esto se desarrollaron modelos de regresión lineal en Jupyter Notebook considerando 790 muestras de resistencia a la compresión uniaxial de la roca (UCS), litologías, zonas minerales e índice de trabajo de Bond (BWi) en un depósito pórfido cuprífero. Los resultados indican relación directamente proporcional de tipo lineal entre el BWi y UCS, generando modelamientos con desempeños aceptables de R2 entre 0,76 a 0,90. Además, las litologías y zonas mineralizadas en el depósito estudiado son características relevantes relacionadas a la conminución. Finalmente, de acuerdo a la competencia de la roca, esta se clasifica como tipo media a dura, dura y muy dura en las zonas de óxidos, mixtos y sulfuros primarios respectivamente.

RESUMEN En el riego por goteo, el volumen de suelo mojado representa la cantidad de agua almacenada y su extensión, profundidad y diámetro deben coincidir con el sistema radicular de la planta y el espaciamiento entre emisores, sin embargo, en la práctica del diseño, no se considera el radio de humedecimiento efectivo que alcanza estos dispositivos. Se comparan los resultados del diseño agronómico obtenido con procedimientos concebidos para condiciones específicas, y se identifican los efectos que sobre los parámetros de explotación ejerce los parámetros de diseño. Se utilizó el método de análisis y síntesis, a partir de la comparación de tres procedimientos de diseño, uno empleando los criterios expuestos por Arapa /2002, el segundo, teniendo en cuenta los criterios expuestos por Cruz-Batista et al. /2015 y el tercero utilizando el procedimiento alternativo que se aplica en las UEB de Consultoría y Diseño de la ENPA. Los resultados mostraron la viabilidad de utilizar modelos experimentales para al diseño de sistemas de riego por goteo, ante la imposibilidad de realizar pruebas de campo, estas herramientas permiten prever el avance lateral y vertical del agua debajo de los emisores. Se constató que la transferencia de humedad debajo de los emisores, es función del volumen de agua aplicada, el caudal del emisor, la conductividad hidráulica saturada, el contenido de humedad inicial y residual y de limo en el suelo. Esta comparación permite afirmar la validez de utilizar modelos de simulación para estimar la separación entre emisores necesarios para humedecer el volumen de suelo requerido.

ABSTRACT In drip irrigation, the volume of wetted soil represents the amount of water stored and its shape and dimensions should correspond to the plant root system and the spacing between emitters, however in design practice, the effective wetting radius reached by these devices is not considered. The results of the agronomic design obtained with different design procedures are compared and their effects on operating parameters are identified. The analysis and synthesis method was used, based on the comparison of three design procedures, one using the criteria set out by Arapa /2002, the second, taking into account the criteria set out by Cruz-Batista et al. /2015 and the third using the alternative procedure applied in the UEB Consultancy and Design of the ENPA. The results showed the feasibility of using experimental models for the design of drip irrigation systems, given the impossibility of carrying out field tests; these tools make it possible to predict the lateral and vertical advance of water under the emitters. It was found that moisture transfer under the emitters is a function of the volume of water applied, the flow rate of the emitter, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the initial and residual moisture content and the silt content of the soil. The comparison allowed affirming the validity of using simulation models to estimate the emitter spacing necessary to wet the required soil volume.

RESUMEN El trabajo se refiere a la utilización de una planta de biogás no tipicas en Alemania. La primera parte se refiere a la explotación de plantas de biogás que no utilizan sustratos líquidos (excretas porcinas o vacunas) en co-fermentación con materiales agrícolas en Alemania para producir biogás. En este caso, se describen los principios y métodos que se utilizan en este país para explotar estas instalaciones y su tendencia hacia el futuro. La segunda parte trata de estos mismo tópicos en el ambito de Cuba. La tercera parte se discuten: si estos sistemas son viables y serian posibles introducir en Cuba o en paises del llamado Tercer Mundo?. De esta forma, el objetivo del presente trabajo es divulgar este tipo de tecnología de producción de biogás, la cual se realiza en este país y su factibilidad de ser introducida en los paises del llamado tercer mundo.

ABSTRACT The work refers to the use of a plant of non-typical biogas in Germany. The first one leaves it refers to the exploitation of biogas plants that it doesn’t use liquid substrates (pig or caw manure) in co-fermentation with agricultural materials in Germany to produce biogas. In this case, the principles and methods are described that are used in this country to exploit these facilities and their tendency toward the future. The second part of the part is about these same topics in the environment of Cuba. The third leave they discuss: if these systems are viable and would be possible to introduce in Cuba or in countries of the call “Third World”? This way, is the objective of the present work to disclose this type of technology of biogas production, which is carried out in this country and its feasibility of being introduced in the countries of the call “third world”.

Autonomous electric vehicles use camera sensors for vision-based steering control and detecting both roads and objects. In this study, road and object detection are combined, utilizing the YOLOv8x-seg model trained for 200 epochs, achieving the lowest segmentation loss at 0.53182. Simulation tests demonstrate accurate road and object detection, effective object distance measurement, and real-time road identification for steering control, successfully keeping the vehicle on track with an average object distance measurement error of 2.245 m. Route planning for autonomous vehicles is crucial, and the A-Star algorithm is employed to find the optimal route. In real-time tests, when an obstacle is placed between nodes 6 and 7, the A-Star algorithm can reroute from the original path (5, 6, 7, 27, and 28) to a new path (5, 6, 9, 27, and 28). This study demonstrates the vital role of sensor fusion in autonomous vehicles by integrating various sensors. This study focuses on sensor fusion for object-road detection and path planning using the A* algorithm. Real-time tests in two different scenarios demonstrate the successful integration of sensor fusion, enabling the vehicle to follow planned routes. However, some route nodes remain unreachable, requiring occasional driver intervention. These results demonstrate the feasibility of sensor fusion with diverse tasks in third-level autonomous vehicles.

Resumen: Esta investigación aborda la diversidad de rasgos en el mercado minorista mexicano, buscando identificar atributos comunes fundamentales entre los consumidores de tiendas de retail. El objetivo es analizar las variaciones en las preferencias de distintos tipos de consumidores con respecto a las estrategias de precios implementadas por un supermercado y cómo estas contribuyen a una experiencia transformadora. Se destacan cinco segmentos de consumidores prósperos: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, y v) myopic loyal light. La aplicación del enfoque de segmentación permite a los tomadores de decisiones discernir estrategias más aceptadas en cada segmento, facilitando la comprensión de cómo abordar efectivamente las características distintivas de los consumidores. Este enfoque informado proporciona un marco valioso para especialistas y tomadores de decisiones de marketing, permitiéndoles adaptar estrategias específicas según las preferencias diferenciadas de los consumidores en el mercado minorista mexicano. La investigación destaca la viabilidad de adoptar estrategias de precios basadas en la segmentación de mercado en distintas regiones, ofreciendo hitos prácticos para eficientizar la implementación de tácticas de precios en el contexto retail en México.

Abstract: The present research addresses the diversity of traits in the Mexican retail market, aiming to find fundamental common attributes among consumers in retail stores. Aim: To examine differences in preferences among various consumer segments regarding pricing strategies implemented by a supermarket and their role in fostering a transformative experience. Five prosperous consumer segments are highlighted: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, and v) myopic loyal light. The application of the segmentation approach allows decision-makers to discern more accepted strategies in each segment, easing an understanding of how to effectively address the distinctive characteristics of consumers. This informed approach supplies a valuable framework for specialists and marketing decision-makers, enabling them to adapt specific strategies grounded regarding the diverse preferences exhibited by consumers in the Mexican retail sector. The research highlights the feasibility of adopting market segmentation-based pricing strategies in various regions, providing practical milestones to streamline the implementation of pricing tactics in the Mexican retail context.

ABSTRACT The improvement of the professional training process is a current need in all university courses, which includes Physical Culture; from this context, the eminently pedagogical nature of this professional profile is declared in the Study Plan, so it is necessary to prepare students in professional pedagogical skills, starting from the management process. To delve deeper into the topic, a research was carried out with the aim of developing strategic actions for the management of professional pedagogical skills in second-year students of the Bachelor's degree in Physical Culture, at the University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences. "Manuel Fajardo." In the development of the study there were used scientific methods of the theoretical level such as analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods; of the empirical level, observation, interview, surveys, documentary analysis, expert judgment and user judgment and of the statistician-mathematician, empirical frequency distributions. The results of the diagnosis made it possible to detect insufficiencies in the management process with respect to the development of professional pedagogical skills, so strategic actions were developed that were theoretically validated by the experts, who classified them as very appropriate and this same category was assigned by users to denote the feasibility of its implementation. After the application of the strategic actions, higher levels of development of professional pedagogical skills were evident in the sample studied.

RESUMO A melhoria do processo de formação profissional é uma necessidade atual em todos os cursos universitários, o que inclui Cultura Física; A partir deste contexto, a natureza eminentemente pedagógica deste perfil profissional é declarada no Plano de Estudos, pelo que é necessário preparar os alunos em competências pedagógicas profissionais, a partir do processo de gestão. Para aprofundar o tema, foi realizada uma investigação com o objetivo de desenvolver ações estratégicas para a gestão das competências pedagógicas profissionais em alunos do segundo ano do curso de Licenciatura em Cultura Física, da Universidade de Cultura Física e Ciências do Desporto”. Manoel Fajardo." No desenvolvimento do estudo foram utilizados métodos científicos de nível teórico, como analítico-sintético e indutivo-dedutivo; no nível empírico, observação, entrevista, levantamentos, análise documental, avaliação de especialistas e avaliação de usuários; do estatístico-matemático, distribuições de frequência empíricas. Os resultados do diagnóstico permitiram detectar insuficiências no processo de gestão no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas profissionais, pelo que foram desenvolvidas ações estratégicas que foram validadas teoricamente pelos especialistas, que as classificaram como muito adequadas e esta mesma categoria foi atribuída pelos usuários para denotar a viabilidade de sua implementação. Após a aplicação das ações estratégicas, ficaram evidentes níveis mais elevados de desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas profissionais na amostra estudada.

RESUMEN El perfeccionamiento del proceso de formación de profesionales es una necesidad actual en todas las carreras universitarias, en la que se incluye la Cultura Física; desde este contexto, se declara en el Plan de estudio el carácter eminentemente pedagógico de este perfil profesional, por lo que es necesario preparar a los estudiantes en habilidades profesionales pedagógicas, a partir del proceso de gestión. Para ahondar en la temática, se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de elaborar acciones estratégicas para la gestión de habilidades profesionales pedagógicas en estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera Licenciatura en Cultura Física, en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte “Manuel Fajardo”. En el desarrollo del estudio, se emplearon métodos científicos del nivel teórico como el analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo; del nivel empírico, la observación, entrevista, encuestas, análisis documental, criterio de expertos y criterio de usuarios; del estadístico-matemático, distribuciones empíricas de frecuencias. Los resultados del diagnóstico permitieron detectar insuficiencias en el proceso de gestión con respecto al desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales pedagógicas, por lo que se elaboraron acciones estratégicas que fueron validadas teóricamente por los expertos, quienes las calificaron de muy adecuadas y esta misma categoría fue asignada por los usuarios para denotar la factibilidad de su implementación. Luego de la aplicación de las acciones estratégicas, se evidenciaron niveles superiores de desarrollo de las habilidades profesionales pedagógicas en la muestra estudiada.

ABSTRACT • The possible production of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose was evaluated in the Base Business Unit (UEB) “Ignacio Agramonte'”, which currently produces sorbitol, with low exploitation of the installed capacity, due to lack of glucose. There was an opportunity in infrastructure, time and labor to convert the entity into a multipurpose plant. A simulation model of the technology for the production of fructo-oligosaccharide syrup from sucrose was developed, based on the enzymatic transformation of sucrose into fructo-oligosaccharides, using the recombinant enzyme 1-SST (1-sucrose: sucrose fructosyltransferase) expressed in Pichia pastoris, obtained at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology at Sancti Spiritus. Model validation yielded relative errors lesser than 5 %. Two improvement alternatives were evaluated based on increasing the production of FOS by using the actual installed capacity in the sorbitol factory (alternative 1) and also increasing the initial concentration of the sucrose solution (alternative 2). Feasibility of the alternatives was evaluated by comparing the annual net cash income (Anci) and expenses. Alternative 2 was the best, producing 841,5 t of fructo-oligosaccharides in 90 working days, with a benefit/cost ratio of 1,2.

RESUMEN • Se evaluó la posibilidad de incorporar la produccón de fructo-oligosacáridos a partir de sacarosa en la Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB) “Ignacio Agramonte” que produce actualmente sorbitol, con un bajo aprovechamiento de la capacidad instalada por falta de glucosa, existiendo oportunidad en infraestructura, tiempo y mano de obra para convertir la entidad en una planta multipropósito. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación de la tecnología de producción de sirope de fructo-oligosacáridos a partir de sacarosa, basada en la transformación enzimática de la sacarosa en fructo-oligosacáridos, utiizando la enzima recombinante 1-SST (1-sacarosa: sacarosa fructosiltransferasa) expresada en Pichia pastoris, obtenida en el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spiritus. La validación del modelo arrojó errores relativos menores que el 5 %. Se evaluaron dos alternativas de mejoras a partir de aumentar la producción de FOS al utilizar la capacidad real instalada en la fábrica de sorbitol (alternativa 1) y además aumentar la concentración inicial de la solución de sacarosa (alternativa 2). Se evaluó la factibilidad de las alternativas al comparar la ganancia anual después de impuestos (Anci) y los egresos. La alternativa 2 resultó la mejor, produciéndose con ella 841,5 t de fructo-oligosacáridos en 90 días de trabajo, con una relacion beneficio / costo de 1,2.

RESUMEN La subluxación atlantoaxial es la lesión más frecuente en la columna cervical causada por la artritis reumatoidea. Se manifiesta por rigidez de nuca, dolor cervical y déficit neurológico. El diagnóstico se realiza con tomografía computarizada e imágenes de resonancia magnética. El intervalo atlanto dental anterior mayor a 5mm indica inestabilidad atlantoaxial, el intervalo atlanto dental posterior menor a 14mm advierte riesgo neurológico. Las indicaciones más frecuentes de cirugía son: dolor cervical severo, inestabilidad y síntomas de mielopatía. Cuando existe compresión medular es necesaria la descompresión cervical alta sea por vía posterior o por vía anterior (odontoidectomía endonasal versus transoral). La línea rinopalatina nos indicará la factibilidad de una odontoidectomía endonasal endoscópica (OEE). El objetivo de la presentación del presente caso es compartir nuestra experiencia con la primera odontoidectomía endonasal endoscópica realizada en nuestro país y fomentar la utilización de la técnica. La cirugía fue realizada en un paciente con cuadriparesia espástica por subluxación atlantoaxial por artritis reumatoidea y que presentó excelente evolución pos operatoria, con recuperación casi completa. La OEE es una técnica operatoria mínimamente invasiva, ideal para pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades y que ofrece de buenos a excelentes resultados.

ABSTRACT Atlantoaxial subluxation is the most common injury to the cervical spine caused by rheumatoid arthritis. It is manifested by neck stiffness, neck pain and neurological deficit. Diagnosis is made with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior dental atlanto interval greater than 5mm indicates atlantoaxial instability, the posterior dental atlanto interval less than 14mm warns of neurological risk. The most frequent indications for surgery are: severe neck pain, instability and symptoms of myelopathy. When there is spinal cord compression, upper cervical decompression is necessary, either via a posterior or anterior approach (endonasal versus transoral odontoidectomy). The rhinopalatine line will indicate the feasibility of an endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO). The objective of the presentation of this case is to share our experience with the first endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy performed in our country and to promote the use of the technique. The surgery was performed on a patient with spastic quadriparesis due to atlantoaxial subluxation due to rheumatoid arthritis and who presented excellent postoperative evolution, with almost complete recovery. EEO is a minimally invasive surgical technique, ideal for patients with multiple comorbidities and offering good to excellent results.

RESUMO Introdução: este artigo foi elaborado a partir da detecção de insuficiências teórico-metodológicas e práticas no processo de preparação técnica da natação artística escolar. Objetivo: desenvolver uma concepção teórica com ma nova forma de reestruturação do conteúdo para o treinamento de figuras, a partir da sua periodização, que favoreça o aumento do desempenho esportivo em nadadores artísticos da categoria escolar. Materiais e métodos: métodos analítico-sintéticos e sistêmicos estrutural-funcionais foram utilizados como métodos teóricos de pesquisa científica. Análise empírica, documental e parecer pericial. Como métodos matemático-estatísticos, estatística descritiva e inferencial, com Teste W de Kendall. Resultados: a qualidade da concepção teórica foi corroborada pela avaliação emitida pelos 15 especialistas selecionados, que tiveram relação direta quer com o treino desportivo, quer de forma articular com o treino da natação artística cubana. Conclusões: os especialistas na avaliação dos indicadores destacam a sua funcionalidade, relevância e viabilidade.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This article was carried out based on identifying theoretical, methodological, and practical shortcomings in the technical preparation process of school artistic swimming. Objective: To develop a theoretical concept with a new way of restructuring the content for the training of figures, based on theirs periodization, which favors the increase of sports performance in school-age artistic wimmers. Materials and Methods: The theoretical methods of scientific research used were analytical-synthetic and systemic-functional. Empirical methods included documentary analysis and expert criteria. Mathematical-statistical methods involved descriptive and inferential statistics, using the Kendall's W Test. Results: The quality of the theoretical concept was confirmed by the evaluation issued by the 15 selected experts, who had a direct relationship either with sports training or in a particular way in the training of Cuban artistic swimming. Conclusions: Experts evaluating the indicators emphasize their functionality, relevance, and feasibility.

RESUMEN Introducción: el presente artículo se realizó a partir de detectar insuficiencias teórico-metodológicas y prácticas en el proceso de preparación técnica de la natación artística escolar. Objetivo: elaborar una concepción teórica con una nueva forma de reestructurar el contenido para el entrenamiento de las figuras, sobre la base de su periodización, que favorezca el incremento del rendimiento deportivo en nadadores artísticos categoría escolar. Materiales y métodos: se emplearon como métodos teóricos de la investigación científica el analítico-sintético y el sistémico estructural funcional. De los empíricos, el análisis documental y el criterio de expertos. Como métodos matemático-estadísticos, la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, con la Prueba de W de Kendall. Resultados: la calidad de la concepción teórica quedó corroborada por la evaluación emitida por los 15 expertos seleccionados, que tuvieran relación directa ya sea con el entrenamiento deportivo o de modo particular en el entrenamiento de la natación artística cubana. Conclusiones: los expertos en la evaluación de los indicadores, resaltan su funcionabilidad, pertinencia y factibilidad.

ABSTRACT In a local context of strictly typological studies and with the absence of manuals for the study of ceramics related to the Puruhá archaeological culture, Sierra Central do Ecuador, we verified the possibility of associating the theoretical and methodological issue with archaeological practice, resulting in the location of ceramic production as an intrinsic subsystem understanding the sociocultural systems that define a cultural. With this premise, this manuscript presents a proposal for classification in archeology based on the analysis of contextualized or non-contextualized ceramic material culture through the application of the concepts of anthropology of techniques and operational chains associated with techno-typological analyzes with the case study of production Puruhá potter. Having as a methodological framework the inductive empirical method, with a qualitative approach that mixes literature review, conceptual insertion, technique and analysis, with an exploratory and non-experimental scope as a research design. The proposed archeological classification allowed us to check the feasibility and potential of its usage in a Puruhá setting, as well as its linkage with other sites, yielding a reading that allows us to draw conclusions regarding cultural continuities and changes.

RESUMEN En un contexto local de estudios estrictamente tipológicos y con ausencia de manuales para el estudio de la cerámica relacionada con la cultura arqueológica Puruhá, Sierra Central del Ecuador, verificamos la posibilidad de asociar la cuestión teórica y metodológica con la práctica arqueológica, resultando en la ubicación de la producción cerámica como un subsistema intrínseco a la comprensión de los sistemas socioculturales que definen una cultura. Con esta premisa, este manuscrito presenta una propuesta de clasificación en arqueología basada en el análisis de la cultura material cerámica contextualizada o no contextualizada mediante la aplicación de los conceptos de antropología de técnicas y cadenas operativas asociadas a los análisis tecnotipológicos con el estudio de caso de la producción alfarera Puruhá. Teniendo como marco metodológico el método empírico inductivo, con un enfoque cualitativo que mezcla revisión de la literatura, inserción conceptual, técnica y análisis, con un alcance exploratorio y no experimental como diseño de investigación. La propuesta de clasificación en arqueología permitió verificar la factibilidad y potencial de su uso en un contexto Puruhá, así como su correlación con otros sitios, resultando en una lectura que permite hacer inferencias sobre continuidades y cambios culturales.

RESUMO Em um contexto local de estudos estritamente tipológicos e com a ausência manuais para o estudo da cerâmica relacionada a cultura arqueológica Puruhá, Serra Central do Equador, verificamos a possibilidade associar a questão teórica e metodológica à prática arqueológica, resultando na localização da produção ceramista como um subsistema intrínseco a compreensão dos sistemas socioculturais que definem uma cultural. Com esta premissa, este manuscrito apresenta uma proposta de classificação em arqueologia com fulcro na análise da cultura material cerâmica contextualizada ou não contextualizada por intermédio da aplicação dos conceitos de antropologia das técnicas e das cadeias operatórias associada às análises tecnotipológicas com o estudo de caso da produção ceramista Puruhá. Tendo como marco metodológico o método empírico indutivo, com enfoque qualitativo que mescla a revisão de literatura, inserção conceitual, técnica e análises, de alcance exploratório e não experimental enquanto desenho de investigação. A proposta de classificação em arqueologia possibilitou verificar a factibilidade e potencial de sua utilização em um contexto Puruhá, assim como sua correlação entre outros sítios, resultando em uma leitura que permite realizar inferências sobre continuidades e mudanças culturais.

Abstract The research presents a compilation of the strategies for the handling and management of mercury (Hg) carried out by Japan as a promoter and manager of the Minamata Convention. This agreement was established to reduce anthropogenic mercury emissions and prevent pollution worldwide. Article 14 of the agreement focuses on cooperation between the governments involved and provides technical assistance. That is why the activities were developed in the training course “Capacity building for the ratification and implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury” carried out in Japan, in which representatives from Ecuador, China, Sudan, Brazil, and Armenia. Ecuador is one of the countries that ratified this agreement in 2013, which is why it is necessary to understand the efforts developed by other countries, with a practical perspective, to know their feasibility and implementation in the long term in the national territory. This study describes the activities implemented in Japan, such as processing contaminated waste in the company Nomura Kohsan Co., Ltd. (Hokkaido), to know high-tech centers such as the National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD) and the Ministry of the Environment (MEGJ), and a tour of the environmental restoration project in Minamata Bay. The results demonstrate that the actions and policies adopted in Japan have considerably reduced Hg emissions, maintaining them at stable levels, which ratifies compliance with the different articles outlined in the Minamata Convention. Although efforts have been made in Ecuador to combat illegal mining where Hg and assist in mining districts, it is still among the most polluting countries in the region. Private and government entities must put effort into action plans to mitigate pollution and carry out periodic monitoring of emissions of this metal.

Resumen La investigación presenta una recopilación de las estrategias en el manejo y gestión del mercurio (Hg) que realiza Japón como promotor y gestor del Convenio de Minamata. Este acuerdo fue establecido para reducir las emisiones antropogénicas de mercurio y prevenir su polución a nivel mundial. El artículo 14 del convenio establece la cooperación entre los gobiernos involucrados y la prestación de asistencia técnica. Es por ello que las actividades se desarrollaron en el curso de capacitación “Capacity building for ratification and implementation of Minamata Convention on Mercury”, llevado a cabo en Japón, en el cual participaron representantes de Ecuador, China, Sudán, Brasil y Armenia. Ecuador es uno de los países que ratificó en el 2013 este convenio, por lo cual es necesario comprender los esfuerzos desarrollados por otros países, desde una perspectiva práctica, para poder conocer su factibilidad y ser implementadas a largo plazo en el territorio nacional. Se describen las actividades implementadas, en Japón, como la recolección y procesamiento de residuos contaminados en la empresa Nomura Kohsan Co., Ltd. (Hokkaido), visita a centros de alta tecnología como el Instituto Nacional para la Enfermedad de Minamata (NIMD) y el Ministerio del Ambiente (MEGJ), y recorrido por el proyecto de restauración ambiental en la bahía de Minamata. Los resultados demuestran que las acciones y políticas adoptadas en Japón han reducido considerablemente las emanaciones de Hg llegando a mantenerlas en niveles estables, lo que ratifica el cumplimiento de los distintos artículos expuestos en el Convenio de Minamata. A pesar de que en Ecuador se han hecho esfuerzos para mitigar el uso de Hg, aun así, se encuentra entre los principales países contaminantes de la región. Las entidades privadas y gubernamentales deben esforzarse en planes de acción para mitigar la contaminación y llevar a cabo monitoreos periódicos de las emisiones de este metal.

BACKGROUND. In our clinical setting, a three-staged approach is consistently employed to manage patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs). OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the safety and feasibility of end-colostomies, in particular subtypes of ARMs. METHODS. The medical records of babies born with an ARM treated between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2022 were reviewed. Information regarding the type of ARM, type of colostomy, complications during colostomy formation, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and colostomy closure was recorded. RESULTS. Ultimately, 194 patients were included. Of those, 137 patients had divided colostomies with distal mucus fistulas (DC) and 57 had end-colostomies (EC). Ninety-seven patients (50%) had perineal and vestibular fistulas, including 40 (41%) patients with DC and 57 (59%) with EC. For post-colostomy formation, eight (20%) complications were recorded in the DC group and nine (16%) in the EC group (p=0.78). Wound sepsis presented in six patients with DC and four with EC (p=0.3). Nineteen percent (16/85) of patients who had PSARP developed complications, including 4/37 (11%) with DC and 12/48 (25%) with EC (p=0.16). Of the 72 patients who underwent stoma reversal, six (8%) had complications post-operatively: three in the DC group and three in the EC group. CONCLUSION. For patients with rectoperineal and vestibular fistulas, where divided colostomies are not warranted, end colostomies provide a safe alternative.