ABSTRACT In-depth knowledge of total soil organic phosphorus (TPO) as a potential P source for plants allows for a comprehensive understanding of the adoption of an efficient management system of phosphorus fertilization in forest plantations. Thus, we aimed to compare three TPO extraction methods (Hedley; Bowman; Bowman and Moir) in different Eucalyptus plantations on strongly weathered soils. The TPO concentrations obtained by the “Hedley” (mean of 130 mg kg–1), and “Bowman and Moir” methods (mean of 131 mg kg–1) were similar. The “Bowman” method extracted less than 50 % of the TPO content extracted by the other methods. Both “Hedley” and “Bowman and Moir” methods showed similar TPO extraction efficiency compared to TP determined by acid digestion. However, the “Hedley” method is the most expensive and time-consuming analytical technique. In view of this, the NaOH+Na2EDTA extractor (Bowman and Moir) would be the most suitable since, in addition to showing high extraction efficiency, it offers fast analysis execution, low analytical error, and lower cost. Indepth depth (TPO Thus Hedley (Hedley Moir soils “Hedley mean 13 kg–1, kg1 kg kg–1 , 1 5 digestion However timeconsuming time consuming technique this NaOHNa2EDTA NaOHNaEDTA NaOH Na2EDTA Na EDTA since execution error cost kg– NaOHNa NaEDTA

ABSTRACT Soil mapping is a permanent demand, but the traditional method does not allow fast execution and low cost. Digital soil mapping (DSM) aims to improve the process by working with models that treat soil spatial variability quantitatively. In this perspective, the objective of the study is to perform DSM of the Parnaíba River Delta, Northeastern Brazil, through the decision tree (DT) integration technique using a set of attributes derived from the digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite images as input parameters. Data matrices were created considering different soil groups. The performance of the J48 machine learning algorithm (DT) was assessed for a set of two data matrices: one elaborated for the mapping units of the pre-existing conventional pedological map and the other for a set of associations determined based on the characteristics of the landscape of the study area with close correlation with the existing soils, mainly due to the source material. From the data processing, digital soil maps were created and validated by means of error matrices, whose reference points were classified in the field and validated using a pre-existing traditional soil map of the area. The results revealed that the attributes derived from satellite images stood out from those derived from DEM in predicting soil groups. Based on the validation coefficients applied (overall accuracy, Kappa index, user’s accuracy and producer’s accuracy), the classification quality was satisfactory, despite the complexity of the environment. demand cost (DSM quantitatively perspective Delta Brazil DT (DT (DEM parameters groups J J4 preexisting pre soils material processing overall index users user s producers producer , accuracy) satisfactory environment

RESUMO Introdução: A mamoplastia redutora tem uma história longa e estabelecida. Desde o final do século XIX, foram descritas inúmeras técnicas para redução e elevação do tecido mamário, buscando não apenas o melhor resultado estético, como também maior segurança em relação a vascularização e inervação areolar. O presente estudo tem como propósito a descrição de uma nova técnica de mamoplastia bipediculada e estruturada: segura, reprodutível, de baixa curva de aprendizado e com resultados estéticos previsíveis. Método: De janeiro de 2015 a agosto de 2021, 86 pacientes foram submetidas ao tratamento cirúrgico de mamoplastia com a utilização da técnica em questão. A análise dos casos foi realizada de forma retrospectiva, através de avaliação de prontuários e revisão de fotografias de pré e pós-operatório. Resultados: A sustentação e projeção atingidas foram duradouras. Não houve ocorrência de hematomas ou necrose do complexo areolomamilar ou de quaisquer outras áreas. Conclusão: Trata- se de uma técnica de alta reprodutibilidade, fácil execução, alta aplicabilidade e versatilidade, resultados estéticos e funcionais extremamente satisfatórios para cirurgião e paciente, além de, principalmente, um alto grau de segurança. Introdução estabelecida XIX mamário estético areolar estruturada segura reprodutível previsíveis Método 201 2021 8 questão retrospectiva pósoperatório. pósoperatório pós operatório. operatório pós-operatório Resultados duradouras áreas Conclusão Trata reprodutibilidade execução versatilidade paciente principalmente 20 202 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reduction mammoplasty has a long and established history. Since the end of the 19th century, numerous techniques for reducing and elevating breast tissue have been described, seeking the best aesthetic result and greater safety in relation to areolar vascularization and innervation. The purpose of the present study is to describe a new bipedicled and structured mammoplasty technique: safe, reproducible, with a fast-learning curve and predictable esthetic results. Methods: From January 2015 to August 2021, 86 patients underwent surgical treatment of mammoplasty using the technique in question. The analysis of the cases was carried out retrospectively through the evaluation of medical records and review of pre and postoperative photographs. Results: The support and projection achieved were lasting results. There were no hematomas or necrosis of the nipple-areola complex or other areas. Conclusion: The technique has high reproducibility, easy execution, high applicability and versatility, extremely satisfactory aesthetic and functional results for surgeon and patient, and above all, a high degree of safety. Introduction history th century described innervation safe reproducible fastlearning fast learning Methods 201 2021 8 question photographs Results nippleareola nipple areola areas Conclusion reproducibility execution versatility patient all 20 202 2

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to analyze the behavior of the safety factor of the upstream slope in earth dams, given the variation in the speed of the transient flow associated with rapid release phenomena. Three case studies of earth dams are presented: La Ruda, Canasí and Jaruco, located in the Mayabeque province. For the execution of the models, the SEEP/W and SLOPE/W tools of the GeoStudio 2018 program are used and the Morgenstern-Price method is used to obtain the safety factor. The analysis is performed for the estimated characteristic curve and for the resulting hydraulic conductivity curve using the Fredlund & Xing method. The fundamental results show a reduction of the factor of safety associated with the speed of transient water flow for all the cases analyzed.

RESUMEN En esta investigación se analiza el comportamiento del factor de seguridad del talud aguas arriba en presas de tierra, ante la variación de la velocidad del flujo transitorio asociado a fenómenos de desembalse rápido. Se presentan tres casos de estudio: La Ruda, Canasí y Jaruco, ubicadas en la provincia Mayabeque. Para la ejecución de los modelos se emplean las herramientas SEEP/W y SLOPE/W del programa GeoStudio 2018 y para la obtención del factor de seguridad se utiliza el método de Morgenstern-Price. El análisis se realiza para la curva característica estimada y para la curva de conductividad hidráulica resultante empleando el método de Fredlund & Xing. Los resultados muestran una reducción del factor de seguridad, cuya magnitud depende de la velocidad del flujo de agua transitorio para todos los casos analizados.

RESUMO Para avaliar o vigor das sementes, os testes de condutividade elétrica e etanol são metodologias rápidas e eficientes. Eles têm potencial para serem usados em diversas espécies, como o arroz-vermelho. No entanto, não existem protocolos ou informações sobre sua eficiência. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência, e definir parâmetros de execução para testes de condutividade elétrica e etanol, para avaliar o vigor de sementes de arroz vermelho. O estudo foi realizado com quatro lotes de arroz vermelho ‘BRS 901’, que foi submetido a teste de germinação, primeira contagem, envelhecimento acelerado e testes de emergência de plântulas em campo. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado com 25, 50 e 100 sementes embebidas em 50 mL e 75 mL de água, a 25 °C e 30 °C, por 3, 6, 20 e 24 horas, respectivamente. O teste de etanol foi realizado com 50 e 100 sementes embebidas em um volume de água equivalente a 1 , 0 , 1 , 5 , 2 , 0 , 2 , 5 e 3 , 0 × a massa da amostra de sementes. Para avaliar o vigor de sementes de arroz vermelho, o teste de condutividade elétrica é um método eficiente quando realizado com 50 sementes embebidas em 50 mL de água a 25 °C por 20 horas. Já o teste do etanol é mais eficaz quando realizado com 50 sementes, em um volume de água 2 , 5 × a massa da amostra, a 40 °C por 24 horas.

ABSTRACT To evaluate seed vigor, electrical conductivity and ethanol tests are fast and efficient methodologies. They have the potential to be used in several species, such as red rice. However, there are no protocols or information about their efficiency. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency, and define parameters of execution for electrical conductivity and ethanol tests, to evaluate the vigor of red rice seeds. The study was conducted using four lots of ‘BRS 901’ red rice, which was subjected to a germination test, as well as first count, accelerated aging, and field seedling emergence tests. The electrical conductivity test was performed with 25, 50, and 100 seeds soaked in 50 mL and 75 mL of water, at 25 °C and 30 °C, for 3, 6, 20, and 24 hours, respectively. The ethanol test was performed with 50 and 100 seeds soaked in a volume of water equivalent to 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0× the mass of the seed sample. To assess the vigor of red rice seeds, the electrical conductivity test is an efficient method when conducted with 50 seeds soaked in 50 mL of water at 25 °C for 20 hours. Meanwhile, the ethanol test is most effective when performed with 50 seeds, in a volume of water that is 2.5× the mass of the sample, at 40 °C for 24 hours.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between body adiposity and physical fitness with performance in the Supine-to-Stand test (STS-test) in sedentary adolescents. Methods: Sixty-two adolescents, of both sexes, between 10 and 16 years old, participated in the study. Body mass (BM), height, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), right and left handgrip strength (HGS-right, HGS-left), abdominal resistance (ABDO), flexibility (FLEX), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) were measured. Body mass index (BMI), z-score BMI (BMI-z), tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The STS-test was applied to evaluate the STS-MC by the movement patterns in the execution of the test. The STS-time in seconds (s) was categorized into terciles: fast (FG < 2.0 s), intermediate (IG = 2.0-2.6 s) and slow (SG > 2.6 s). One-way ANOVA, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation coefficient as well as non-parametric tests were used, with significance p 0.05. Results: The SG presented higher BMI, BMI-z, TMI, WHtR, FM, %FM, as well as lower averages for %FFM, HGS-right, HGS-left, FLEX, ABDO, VO2peak, VO2peak relative to BM (VO2peakBM) in relation to GF. The BMI, BMI-z, TMI, WC, WHtR and FM showed moderate and direct correlations with STS-time and inverse with STS-MC (p < 0.01). HGS-right, HGS-left, ABDO, and VO2peakBM showed moderate and an inverse correlation with STS-time (p < 0.05). The VO2peakBM was moderate and with direct correlations to STS-MC (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that excess fat and low physical fitness hamper STS-test performance. Therefore, the STS-test can be used for screening students to assess MC.

RESUMO A ganância de jogar duro no basebol, mais a ignorância mecânico-energética da contribuição e o que impede a correta execução das fases do gesto técnico do lançador, revelaram-se as principais causas de lesões e a razão de uma pesquisa explicativa, através da aplicação de métodos físicos cinemáticos, dinâmicos e energéticos, no estudo da manifestação das leis físicas durante a observação não participativa do seu desempenho, ao lançar a bola, tanto em lançadores nacionais como internacionais e testemunhos de pessoas com experiências como lançadores. O objetivo deste artigo é propor uma explicação física de como funciona a biomecânica do corpo do lançador durante os gestos técnicos de lançamento para garantir uma bola rápida e minimizar as lesões. Com este trabalho, pretende-se também instruir o lançador sobre como funciona a biomecânica do seu corpo durante o lançamento da bola, tirando partido da altura do monte com argumentos da ciência física. Isto contribui para campos mais rápidos e mais elegantes e para minimizar as lesões. Como resultado, foi elaborada uma explicação física por fases para o jarro, além disso, um sistema isolado de suspensão em massa para experimentar movimentos biomecânicos e energéticos, que evidenciou no seu desempenho, manifestações das leis físicas da mecânica clássica de Newton, da conservação da energia mecânica, do momento cinético e do momento angular.

ABSTRACT The greed to throw hard in baseball, plus the mechanical-energetic ignorance of the contribution and what prevents the correct execution of the phases of the pitcher's technical gesture, turned out to be the main causes of injuries and the reason for an explanatory research, through the application of physical kinematic, dynamic and energetic methods, in the study of the manifestation of physical laws during the non-participatory observation of their performance, when throwing the ball, both in national and international pitchers and testimonies of people with experiences as pitchers. The objective of this article is to propose a physical explanation of how the biomechanics of the pitcher's body works during the technical gestures of pitching to guarantee a fast ball and minimize injuries. With this work, it is also intended to instruct the pitcher on how the biomechanics of his body works during the pitching of the ball, taking advantage of the height of the mound with arguments from the physical science. This contributes to faster, more elegant pitches and to minimize injuries. As a result, a physical explanation by phases was elaborated for the pitcher, in addition, an isolated mass-spring system to experiment biomechanical and energetic movements, which evidenced in their performance manifestations of the physical laws of Newton's classical mechanics, conservation of mechanical energy, kinetic momentum and angular momentum.

RESUMEN La codicia por lanzar duro en el béisbol, más el desconocimiento mecánico-energético del aporte y lo que evita la correcta ejecución de las fases del gesto técnico del pitcher, resultaron ser las principales causas de las lesiones y el motivo de una investigación explicativa, a través de la aplicación de métodos físicos cinemáticos, dinámicos y energéticos, en el estudio de la manifestación de leyes físicas durante la observación no participativa de su desempeño, al lanzar la pelota, tanto en lanzadores nacionales como internacionales y de testimonios de personas con experiencias como pitcher. El objetivo de este artículo consistió en proponer una explicación física de cómo funciona la biomecánica del cuerpo del pitcher durante los gestos técnicos del lanzamiento para garantizar una bola rápida y minimizar lesiones. Con este trabajo, se pretendió, además, instruir al pitcher de cómo funciona la biomecánica de su cuerpo durante el lanzamiento de la pelota, aprovechando ventaja de la altura del montículo con argumentos desde la ciencia Física; esto contribuyó a lanzamientos más rápidos, elegantes y a minimizar lesiones. Como resultado, se elaboró una explicación física por fases para el pitcher, además, un sistema masa-resorte aislado para experimentar movimientos biomecánicos y energéticos, que evidenciaron en su desempeño manifestaciones de las leyes físicas de la mecánica clásica de Newton, de la conservación de la energía mecánica, del momento cinético y del momento angular.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work was to give a proposal for improving profitability, having as a premise the optimization of processes in the assembly, specifically of three types of radio base stations: Fast site, turnkey and colocalized of a company in the telecommunications area, and thus avoid fines for delay of works, derived from the lack of availability of materials and considering that the current system of work does not allow quantifying the cost of assembly of the stations. The development of the research of descriptive scope consisted of the collection of information corresponding to técnica notebooks, investigations, the analysis of the industry starting from the data collection, as well as interviews to the engineering personnel of the industry. The study determined the absence of a minimum inventory of materials to ensure the continuity of the execution of the assembly of the radio base stations, this due to the fact that they did not have any control over the materials to be used, for that reason it was concluded that for the improvement of the profitability in the assembly a work method with a continuous flow must be established, with a minimum inventory of materials in deposit, the design of a standard list of materials required by each type of station and a method of measurement and control that allows the generation of information that serves as feedback to the entire set of processes that are part of the assembly of a radio base station of each type mentioned above.

RESUMEN El propósito de este trabajo de investigación fue dar una propuesta de mejora de rentabilidad, teniendo como premisa la optimización de procesos en el montaje, específicamente de tres tipos de estaciones de radio base: Fast site, llave en mano y colocalizado de una empresa del rubro de las telecomunicaciones, y de ese modo evitar multas por retraso de obras, derivados de la falta de disponibilidad de materiales y considerando que el sistema de trabajo actual no permite cuantificar el costo del montaje de las estaciones. El desarrollo de la investigación de alcance descriptivo consistió en la recolección de información correspondientes a cuadernos técnicos, investigaciones, el análisis de la industria partiendo del relevamiento de datos, así como también entrevistas al personal de Ingeniería de la industria. El estudio determinó la ausencia de un inventario de materiales mínimo para asegurar la continuidad de la ejecución del montaje de las estaciones de radio base, esto debido a que no disponían de ningún control sobre los materiales a utilizar, para ello se concluyó que para el mejoramiento de la rentabilidad en el montaje se debe establecer un método de trabajo con permita un flujo continuo, con un inventario mínimo de materiales en depósito, el diseño de un listado estándar de materiales necesarios por cada tipo de estación y un método de medición y control que permita generar información que sirva como retroalimentación a todo el conjunto de procesos que forman parte del montaje de una estación de radio base de cada tipo citado anteriormente.

Resumo Poderia o mundialmente famoso brinquedo fidget spinner ser usado em sala de aula para ilustrar os conceitos de momento de inércia, torque e momento angular? Curiosamente, foram raros os artigos de ensino relacionados ao tema que foram publicados até a presente data. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma situação real composta por duas configurações experimentais extremamente simples de lançamento oblíquo de um spinner com e sem rotação inicial do tipo spin. Definimos por rotação do tipo spin como qualquer rotação em que o spinner gira em torno de um de seus eixos principais de simetria. A técnica escolhida para coleta dos dados foi a videoanálise, usando o software gratuito Tracker. Os principais resultados foram (i) Apresentar um experimento de execução rápida e fácil e que aborde de forma simultânea os conceitos de torque, momento angular orbital e momento angular de spin. (ii) Analisar de forma qualitativa as semelhanças e as diferenças entre as orientações dos momentos angulares orbitais e de spin nos dois tipos de lançamento oblíquo do spinner (iii) Obter uma estimativa quantitativa das magnitudes dos momentos angulares de spin em relação ao respectivo eixo principal de simetria do spinner, em ambos os casos.

Abstract Could the world-famous fidget spinner toy be used in the classroom to illustrate the concepts of moment of inertia, torque and angular momentum? Curiously, there are very few papers related to the topic that have been published so far. In this work, we present a real situation consisting of two extremely simple experimental configurations of oblique launching of a spinner with and without initial spin type rotation. We define spin type rotation as any rotation in which the spinner rotates around one of its main symmetry axes. The technique chosen for data collection was the video analysis, using the free software Tracker. The main results were (i) To present a fast and easy execution experiment that simultaneously approaches the concepts of torque, orbital angular momentum and spin angular momentum. (ii) Analyze in a qualitative way the similarities and differences between the orientations of the orbital and spin angular momenta for two types of oblique launching (iii) Obtain a quantitative estimative of the magnitudes of the spin angular momenta in relation to the respective symmetry axis of the spinner, in both cases.

Abstract Developing a less invasive, practical and cost-effective operative technique for obesity treatment represents a pressing need for our society. In this way, intragastric single port sleeve by endoplication was tested in six pigs during 18 weeks. Celiotomy was performed with animal placed in dorsal decubitus position. Single port gastrostomy was performed and double tobacco pouch sutures were made in fundic region, making a gastric sleeve. At the end, stomach layers and skin were closed in a conventional manner. Means and the standard deviations of surgical time were calculated. The procedure was simple and all animals survived; there were no significant blood loss and no intra and postoperative complications. The procedure was fast (67.4 minutes). The technique has the advantage of not requiring the use of mechanical sutures, making it less costly. The innovation of this procedure was the use of a single port gastrostomy device to perform an intraluminal sleeve. What made this technique less invasive were the use of a single port, nonmanipulation of the stomach intra-abdominally, ease of execution and no need of pneumoperitoneum. The new technique is acceptable and has reproducible viability, had a short procedure time without intra and postoperative complications.

Abstract: In neuroimaging, brain tissue segmentation is a fundamental part of the techniques that seek to automate the detection of pathologies, the quantification of tissues or the evaluation of the progress of a treatment. Because of its wide availability, lower cost than other imaging techniques, fast execution and proven efficacy, Non-contrast Cerebral Computerized Tomography (NCCT) is the most used technique in emergency room for neuroradiology examination, however, most research on brain segmentation focuses on MRI due to the inherent difficulty of brain tissue segmentation in NCCT. In this work, three brain tissues were characterized: white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid in NCCT images. Feature extraction of these structures was made based on the radiological attenuation index denoted by the Hounsfield Units using fuzzy logic techniques. We evaluated the classification of each tissue in NCCT images and quantified the feature extraction technique in synthetic images from real tissues with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 96% for images from cases with slice thickness of 1 mm, and 96% and 98% respectively for those of 1.5 mm, demonstrating the ability of the method as feature extractor of brain tissues.

Resumen: En neuroimagen, la segmentación de tejidos cerebrales es una parte fundamental de las técnicas que buscan automatizar la detección de patologías, la cuantificación de tejidos o la evaluación del progreso de un tratamiento. Debido a su amplia disponibilidad, menor costo que otras técnicas de imagen, rápida ejecución y eficacia probada, la tomografía computarizada cerebral sin contraste (TCNC) es la técnica mayormente utilizada en emergencias para el examen neurorradiológico, sin embargo, la dificultad inherente que representa la segmentación de los tejidos cerebrales, hace que la mayoría de las investigaciones sobre la segmentación del cerebro se centren en la resonancia magnética. En este trabajo se realizó la caracterización de tres tejidos cerebrales: sustancia blanca, sustancia gris y líquido cefalorraquídeo en imágenes TCNC. Dichas estructuras fueron caracterizadas con base en el índice de atenuación radiológica denotadas por las Unidades Hounsfield utilizando técnicas de lógica difusa. Se evaluó la caracterización de cada tejido en diversos cortes de TCNC y se cuantificó la técnica de extracción de características en imágenes sintéticas a partir de tejidos reales con una sensibilidad de 92% y una especificidad de 96% para tejidos en cortes de 1 mm de grosor y 96% y 98% para los de 1.5 mm demostrando la habilidad del método como extractor de características de los tejidos cerebrales.

RESUMO A área foliar é uma variável essencial para a quantificação de outras importantes características foliares em estudos fisiológicos de plantas, como taxa fotossintética e teor de fósforo, normalizados por área. Essa é uma das razões para a necessidade de métodos rápidos e precisos para estimar a área foliar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar modelos de regressão linear ou não linear para predizer a área foliar de seis espécies de leguminosas forrageiras, a partir de imagens digitais analisadas com o pacote LeafArea, software R. Em um experimento de campo, foram coletadas aleatoriamente 100 folhas das seguintes espécies: Crotalaria juncea (L.), Canavalia ensiformis (L.), Cajanus cajan (L.), Dolichos lablab (L.), Mucuna cinereum (L.), e Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Merr., nas quais foram medidos o comprimento e a largura do folíolo central. Posteriormente, imagens digitais de cada folha foram processadas no software R para estimativa da área foliar. Essas estimativas foram usadas para ajustar modelos de predição de área foliar; de fato, setenta folhas foram usadas para ajustar os modelos; o restante delas foi usado para validação do modelo. Para as seis espécies, o modelo polinomial completo de segundo grau, ou submodelos derivados, pode ser usado para predizer a área foliar em função do comprimento e largura do folíolo central, apresentando R² acima de 0,98 e porcentagem de erro médio absoluto abaixo de 9%. Nestes modelos, o efeito da largura da folha é geralmente maior que o comprimento da folha. O pacote R LeafArea mostrou-se uma ferramenta muito eficiente para a estimativa da área foliar através da execução do software ImageJ, com alta precisão e fácil calibração.

ABSTRACT Leaf area is an essential variable for the quantification of other important leaf characteristics in physiological studies of plants, such as normalized photosynthetic rate and normalized phosphorus content. That is one of the reasons for the need of fast and accurate methods to estimate leaf area. The objective of this work was to fit linear or non-linear regression models to predict the individual leaf area of six species of forage legumes, based on digital images analyzed with the package LeafArea, R software. In a field experiment, 100 leaves were randomly collected from the following species: Crotalaria juncea (L.), Canavalia ensiformis (L.), Cajanus cajan (L.), Dolichos lablab (L.), Mucuna cinereum (L.), and Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Merr., in which the central leaflet length and width were measured. Afterwards, digital images of each leaf were processed in R software for leaf area estimation. These estimates were used to fit leaf area prediction models; in fact, seventy leaves were used to fit the models; the rest of them were used for model validation. For the six species, the complete second-degree polynomial model, or derivative submodels, can be used to predict leaf area as a function of length and width of the central leaflet, presenting R² above 0.98 and percentage absolute mean error below 9%. In these models, the effect of leaf width is generally greater than the leaf length. The R package LeafArea showed to be a very efficient tool for the estimation of leaf area through the execution of the software ImageJ, with high precision and easy calibration.

RESUMO O treinamento é um processo que exige paciência e constante prática. A execução de procedimentos microscópicos está presente no dia a dia de diversas especialidades cirúrgicas, mas infelizmente modelos experimentais não são de fácil de acesso. Propomos um modelo com coração bovino usado por residentes e jovens cirurgiões no treinamento de dissecção microscópica e microanastomoses. É descrita a montagem deste modelo, que pode ser realizado de maneira individual e com material acessível aos departamentos cirúrgicos. Nossa experiência na elaboração das peças, assim como, dicas para o processo são descritas no texto. O modelo com miocardio bovino pode ser reproduzido em qualquer centro que disponha de bancadas e instrumental cirúrgico. Dentre as vantagens estão o baixo custo, rápido preparo e grande disponibilidade do tecido utilizado. Consideramos o projeto útil no treinamento de residentes cirúrgicos e jovens cirurgiões.

ABSTRACT Training is a process that requires patience and constant practice. The execution of microscopic procedures is present in the day-to-day of several surgical specialties, but unfortunately experimental models are not easy to access in our environment. We propose a bovine heart model used by residents and young surgeons in the training of microscopic dissection and microanastomoses. It is described the assembly of this model, which can be performed individually and with accessible material to the surgical departments. Our experience in the preparation of the pieces, as well as tips for the process, are described in the text. The bovine myocardial model can be reproduced in any center with benches and surgical instruments. Low cost, fast preparation, and wide availability of the used tissue are among the advantages of this model. We consider the project useful in the training of surgical residents and young surgeons.

Resumen La nube computacional como modelo ubicuo, permite el suministro de servicios a clientes que acceden a ella de forma fácil y rápida. El Software como Servicio (SaaS) es uno de los modelos de mayor uso, mediante el cual las aplicaciones se despliegan y aprovisionan por los clientes vía internet mediante un navegador web en un modelo de pago por uso. Sin embargo, por su complejidad y características -reusabilidad, escalabilidad, elasticidad y personalización- el SaaS es definido por flujos de trabajo compuestos de microservicios o servicios atómicos alojados geográficamente en diferentes lugares. El SaaS en este contexto puede presentar comportamientos anormales en los resultados o fallos en la aplicación final del usuario en tiempo de ejecución. En este artículo se presenta un modelo de orquestación dinámica cuyo objetivo es disminuir las fallas o comportamientos anormales de los servicios que participan en el proceso de ejecución de las aplicaciones de negocios.

Abstract Cloud Computing is an ubiquitous model that enables clients to access different services in a fast and easy manner. In this context, one of the most used models is Software as a Service (SaaS), which means that software is deployed and provisioned to the customer via internet through a web browser on a pay per use mode. However, given its complexity and characteristics, such as reusability, scalability, flexibility and customization, SaaS may be defined by workflows, which consist of atomic services, or micro-services hosted geographically in different places. SaaS execution under this type of composition may lead to abnormal behavior or failures in the end user applications at runtime. This paper presents a new model of dynamic orchestration for SaaS, which aims to reduce failures or abnormal behavior of the services involved in the execution process of business application.

Resumo A computação em nuvem é um modelo onipresente que permite o fornecimento de serviços a clientes que têm acesso a ela de forma fácil e rápida. O software como serviço (SaaS) é um dos modelos de maior uso, por meio do qual os aplicativos se estendem e armazenam pelos clientes via internet, com um navegador web pago por uso. Contudo, por sua complexidade e características - reuso, escalabilidade, elasticidade e personalização -, o SaaS é definido por fluxos de trabalho compostos de microsserviços ou serviços atômicos alojados geograficamente em diferentes lugares. Nesse conteto, o SaaS pode apresentar comportamentos anormais nos resultados ou falhas na aplicação final do usuário em tempo de execução. Neste artigo, apresenta-se um modelo de orquestração dinâmica, cujo objetivo é diminuir as falhas ou os comportamentos anormais dos serviços que participam do processo de execução dos aplicativos de negócios.

Este artículo presenta un método para calcular la producción energética en sistemas fotovoltaicos considerando sombreado parcial o condiciones no regulares. El método propuesto está basado en el modelo de un diodo completo incluyendo el diodo de bypass en su forma exponencial, donde la corriente y voltaje de los módulos son calculados sin utilizar la función Lambert-W. Adicionalmente, el método introduce un procedimiento para calcular la vecindad de los puntos máximos de potencia, lo cual permite una reducción en el número de operaciones requeridas para obtener el máximo global. El método propuesto proporciona tiempos de simulación cortos y alta precisión. Por otro lado, ya que el método no requiere funciones matemáticas complejas, puede ser implementado en conocidos paquetes computacionales y lenguajes de desarrollo como C y C++. Dichas características hacen de este método una herramienta útil para evaluar la viabilidad económica y el tiempo de retorno de inversión en instalaciones fotovoltaicas. Resultados de simulación y comparaciones con un procedimiento clásico confirman el buen desempeño del método propuesto en términos de tiempo de ejecución y precisión.

This paper presents a method to calculate the energy production of photovoltaic generators considering partial shading or mismatched conditions. The proposed method is based on the complete one-diode model including the bypass diode in its exponential form, where the current and voltage values of the modules composing the photovoltaic panel array are calculated without using the Lambert-W function. In addition, the method introduces a procedure to calculate the vicinity of the maximum power points, which enables the reduction of the operations required to obtain the global maximum. The proposed method provides short simulation times and high accuracy. On the other hand, since the method does not require complex mathematical functions, it can be implemented straightforwardly on known software packages and development languages such as C and C++. Those characteristics make this method a useful tool to evaluate the economic viability and return-of-investment time of photovoltaic installations. Simulation results and comparisons with a classical procedure confirm the good performance of the proposed method in terms of execution time and accuracy.