Resumen En un contexto donde la dinámica familiar y la autoestima de los adolescentes se erigen como elementos fundamentales para su desarrollo, esta investigación propone desentrañar las intrincadas conexiones entre ambas variables a través de un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal, y teniendo como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre el funcionamiento familiar y la autoestima durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre de 2022, en 870 estudiantes de bachillerato de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir del cuestionario de funcionamiento familiar FF-SIL y la escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg aplicados previamente por el personal del Departamento de Consejería Estudiantil. El análisis mostró el predominio de familias moderadamente funcionales en la población estudiada (43,3 % mujeres y 53,9 % hombres), con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, la población femenina (45,54 %) y la masculina (47,90 %) con relación a la variable funcionamiento familiar. La autoestima valorada como baja prevaleció en ambos sexos (51,5 % mujeres y 38,8 % hombres), exhibiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la población femenina (25,54) y la masculina (27,54) respecto a esta variable. La correlación del funcionamiento familiar con la autoestima concluyó como estadísticamente significativa directamente proporcional y de baja intensidad. Estos resultados proporcionan una base significativa para futuras intervenciones y políticas destinadas a fortalecer el bienestar psicológico de los adolescentes.

Abstract In a context where family dynamics and adolescent self-esteem stand as fundamental elements for their development, this research proposes to unravel the intricate connections between both variables through a quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, and cross-sectional study and taking This study aimed to determine the relationship between family functioning and self-esteem during November and December 2022, in 870 high school students in the city of Guayaquil. The data were obtained from the FF-SIL family functioning questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale previously applied by the Student Counseling Department staff. The analysis showed the predominance of moderately functional families in the studied population (43.3% women and 53.9% men), with statistically significant differences between the female population (45.54 %) and the male population (47.90) concerning the family functioning variable. Self-esteem was valued as low prevailed in both sexes (51.5% women and 38.8% men), exhibiting statistically significant differences between the female population (25.54) and the male population (27.54 %) regarding this variable. The correlation of family functioning with self-esteem was statistically significant, directly proportional, and low intensity. These results provide a significant basis for future interventions and policies to strengthen adolescents' psychological well-being.

ABSTRAT Introduction: Workplace violence in health workers is a public health problem, which has been increasing worldwide, including in Portugal, with a more pronounced growth with the COVID-19 pandemic, and that can have consequences for the physical and mental health of these workers and for the own health services. For these reasons, this article pretends to make a brief theoretical reflection on this phenomenon, which could contribute to a better understanding of it, particularly from the perspective of prevention and intervention. Results: It is a global complex and multifaceted phenomena, which can be defined as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation or others disruptive/threatening behaviours that occur in the workplace, and is considered as one of the more serious situations an occupational context, which threatens the safety and health of workers and that can affect their health (mental and physical), well-being and dignity, with adverse repercussions, including on working conditions. From the analysis of the NOTIFICA system records and the other consulted literature, we verified that most of these situations have occurred in urgency services and were related to moral harassment and verbal violence. Most of the victims were nurses or doctors and the majority of attackers were users/patients, family members and colleagues. Although it is recognized that these occurrences are underreported, we also realized that the number of judicial investigations is reduced when compared to the number of notifications. Final considerations: This is a multifactorial public health phenomenon, needing an integrated and systemic intervention model based on the following dimensions: individual (relating to the victim and the aggressor); situational and contextual (relating to the situation that triggered the conflict and the context in which it occurred); organizational (relating to human resources, the work environment and the organisation of services); societal (relating to the role of the media and social networks); legal penal and the judicial system (relating to the existing legal framework and the functioning of the judicial system); and political (relating to the organisation of the Health System, in particular the National Health Service).

RESUMO Introdução: A violência no trabalho em profissionais de saúde é um problema de Saúde Pública, que tem vindo a aumentar mundialmente, incluindo em Portugal, verificando-se um crescimento mais acentuado com a pandemia pela Covid-19, com eventuais consequências para a saúde física e mental destes funcionários e para os próprios serviços de saúde. Por estas razões, pretende-se com este artigo de opinião fazer uma breve reflexão teórica sobre este fenómeno, que possa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do mesmo, designadamente na perspetiva da prevenção e da intervenção. Resultados: Trata-se de um fenómeno global, complexo e multifacetado, que pode ser definido como qualquer ato e ameaça de violência física, assédio, intimidação ou outros comportamentos perturbadores/ameaçadores que ocorram no local de trabalho, eventualmente ameaçando a segurança e a saúde física e/ou mental dos trabalhadores, com possíveis repercussões adversas, nomeadamente nas condições de trabalho. Da análise dos registos do sistema NOTIFICA e também da restante literatura consultada, verificou-se que a maioria destas situações ocorreram em serviços de urgência, nomeadamente em contexto de assédio moral e a violência verbal. Verificou-se que a maioria das vítimas foram enfermeiros ou médicos e a maioria dos agressores foram utentes/doentes, familiares ou colegas. Embora se reconheça haver subnotificação destas ocorrências, também se constatou que o número de inquéritos judiciais é reduzido, quando comparado com o número de notificações. Considerações finais: Este fenómeno deverá ter uma abordagem integrada e sistémica, nas suas dimensões individual (respeitante à vítima e ao agressor); situacional e do contexto (relacionadas com a situação que desencadeou o conflito e com o contexto da sua ocorrência); organizacional (relacionada com recursos humanos, ambiente de trabalho e organização dos serviços); societal (relacionada com o papel da comunicação social e das redes sociais); jurídico-penal e do sistema judicial (relacionadas com o quadro legal existente e o funcionamento do sistema judicial) e política (relacionada com a organização do Sistema de Saúde, em particular do Serviço Nacional de Saúde).

Abstract This paper presents an approach to the profile of the general auditors of war during the last decades of the viceroyalty of New Spain. On the basis of a socio-professional study that delves into those who held the post, focusing on elements referring to their judicial practice and their respective particular and family strategies for promotion, the objective is to reconstruct some procedures within the dynamics of the high viceregal administration. We will start by collating information gathered from the preceding bibliography and, mainly, from documentation found in Spanish and Mexican archives. In doing so, we seek to contribute to the study of the functioning of Bourbon military justice and its operatives in overseas environments within the Spanish monarchy, appreciating the effects that reformist processes, the establishment of permanent armies or different wartime situations exerted on these ministers.

Resumen Este artículo presenta una aproximación al perfil de los auditores generales de guerra durante las últimas décadas del virreinato de Nueva España. A partir de un estudio socio-profesional que ahonda en quienes desempeñaron el cargo, centrado en elementos referentes a su ejercicio judicial y sus respectivas estrategias particulares y familiares de promoción, el objetivo consiste en reconstruir algunos procedimientos dentro de las dinámicas propias de la alta administración virreinal. Se parte del cotejo de informaciones recabadas en la bibliografía precedente y, principalmente, de documentación localizada en archivos españoles y mexicanos. Con ello, se trata de contribuir al estudio del funcionamiento de la justicia militar borbónica y sus operarios en entornos ultramarinos dentro de la Monarquía española, y apreciar los efectos que los procesos reformistas, la implantación de ejércitos permanentes o diferentes tesituras bélicas ejercieron en estos ministros.

ABSTRACT Foundation: several authors have showed an increase in adolescent age fertility. Teenage pregnancy is a health problem and a worldwide concern. In Cuba the medical offices network has a fundamental function in its work in the community. Objective: to characterize pregnancy in adolescents from a family doctor's office. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out in a family doctor's 11 of health area V, in Cienfuegos, from 2009 to 2023. Pregnant adolescents selected during that time were included (n= 15). The studied variables were: age, continuity of studies, relationship, age of sexual relations start, family functioning (using family functionality scale), use of contraception and main obstetric conditions. Results: pregnant adolescents aged 17 to 19 years (86%) predominated. 73% quit school, and 80% had a stable partner at the time of conception. 47% began sexual relations between 17 and 19 years of age; 60% came from dysfunctional families; while 73% did not use any contraceptive method. Anemia was the main obstetric condition (86%). Conclusions: school quit and families stood out in the analyzed series as determining factors, occurring in high proportions.

RESUMEN Fundamento: varios autores han demostrado un incremento de la fecundidad en la edad adolescente. El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud y motivo de preocupación a nivel mundial. Con respecto a ello, en Cuba la red de consultorios médicos tiene una función fundamental desde su quehacer en la comunidad. Objetivo: caracterizar el embarazo en adolescentes de un consultorio del médico de la familia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en el consultorio 11 del área de salud V, en Cienfuegos, en el período 2009-2023. Fueron incluidas las embarazadas adolescentes captadas en ese tiempo (n= 15). Las variables estudiadas: edad, continuidad de estudios, relación de pareja, edad de inicio de relaciones sexuales, funcionamiento familiar (mediante escala de funcionalidad familiar), uso de anticoncepción y principales afecciones obstétricas. Resultados: predominaron las embarazadas adolescentes de 17 a 19 años (86 %). El 73 % abandonó los estudios, y el 80 % tenía una pareja estable en el momento de la concepción. El 47 % inició las relaciones sexuales entre los 17 y 19 años de edad; el 60 % provenían de familias disfuncionales; mientras el 73 % no utilizó ningún método anticonceptivo. La anemia constituyó la principal afección obstétrica (86 %). Conclusiones: la deserción escolar y las familias destacaron en la serie analizada como factores determinantes, al presentarse en elevadas proporciones.

ABSTRACT Foundation: aging is a fact that affects the entire world population, and considerably, the most developed countries, in which life expectancy has been increasing as reflected in the United Nations report. Objective: to describe the social context and functional capacity in gerontos of clinic # 8 of Health Area I of the Cienfuegos municipality during the year 2022. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A 30 % sample was randomly selected for a total of 131 elderly people. A structured interview was carried out, which included the general variables: age, sex, level of education, occupation, personal pathological history, support collaboration and to complete the social assessment, the Family Functioning Questionnaire was applied. Results: the age group of 60 to 65 years had the most prevalence, 45.5 % studied until they completed primary school, followed by those who completed secondary school with 29.0 %. Retirees were represented at 38.9 %, the main non-communicable diseases that prevailed were: high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 40.4 % lived alone, 19.8 % had a caregiver, 14.5 % did not receive support and 9.9 % of the elderly who were in a probable state of social need. Conclusions: a well-nourished, loved, supported older adult, with all basic needs satisfied, as well as all associated diseases typical of this stage of life compensated, will have a better quality of life in any society.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el envejecimiento es un hecho que afecta a toda la población mundial, y de manera considerable, a los países más desarrollados, en los que la esperanza de vida ha ido aumentando tal y como se refleja en el informe de Naciones Unidas. Objetivo: describir el contexto social y capacidad funcional en gerontos del consultorio # 8 del Área de Salud I del municipio Cienfuegos durante el año 2022. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente una muestra del 30 % para un total de 131 ancianos. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada, que recogió las variables generales: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, ocupación, antecedentes patológicos personales, la colaboración de apoyo y para completar la valoración social se aplicó el Cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar. Resultados: el grupo de edad de 60 a 65 años tuvo más prevalencia, el 45,5 % estudió hasta la primaria terminada, seguidos de los de secundaria terminada con el 29,0 %. Los jubilados estuvieron representados en un 38,9 %, las principales enfermedades no transmisibles que prevalecieron fueron: la hipertensión arterial, la cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el 40,4 % vivía solo, el 19,8 % tenía cuidador, el 14,5 % no recibían apoyo y el 9,9 % de los ancianos que se encontraban en probable estado de necesidad social. Conclusiones: un adulto mayor bien nutrido, querido, apoyado, con todas las necesidades básicas satisfechas, así como todas las enfermedades asociadas propias de esta etapa de la vida compensadas, tendrá en cualquier sociedad una mejor calidad de vida.

Resumen El presente estudio es una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones realizadas sobre el funcionamiento familiar en familias con niños con una enfermedad poco frecuente. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos Pubmed, EBSCO y Google Académico, siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA. Luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión a los artículos 460 encontrados inicialmente, un total de 49 artículos conformaron la muestra final. A partir del análisis de los resultados se establecieron las siguientes temáticas abordadas en relación al funcionamiento familiar: impacto del diagnóstico; función y responsabilidades del cuidador; funcionamiento familiar; impacto en la esfera emocional; efectos en la vida conyugal y social; estrategias de afrontamiento; familia, cuidados y sistema de salud. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden proporcionar una justificación para considerar los factores asociados al funcionamiento familiar al momento de dar el diagnóstico de una EPOF y pensar un tratamiento.

Abstract The present study is a systematic review of the research on family functioning in families who have a child with a rare disease. The research was carried out using the databases Pubmed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the 460 articles initially found, a total of 49 articles made up the final sample. The following topics regarding family functioning were identified: impact of diagnosis; caregiver’s role and responsibilities; family functioning; impact on the emotional sphere; effects on marital and social life; coping strategies; family, and care and health system. The results of this study may provide justification for considering factors associated with family functioning when diagnosing a rare disease and deciding on treatment.

Abstract The widespread loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes and ecosystems is a global concern. This loss is related to the intensification of agricultural practices, the inappropriate use of agrochemicals and the fragmentation of natural habitats. All of this affects plant diversity and has an impact on the functioning of the ecosystem, limiting ecosystem services. Promoting greater functional diversity in the margins of our crops is an achievable goal through the management of the resources offered by the weed flora. In particular, species of the Brassicaceae Burnett family (hereinafter referred to as cruciferous), play a fundamental role in agrosystems by attracting natural enemies of pests and providing nectar and pollen to pollinators. The objective of this study was to detect and estimate the floral resources offered by cruciferous plants in the presence of other weed species. To this end, an experiment was designed at the “La Poveda” farm (CSIC, Madrid) in 2023, in which up to 4 flights were carried out with a drone over the floral margins where three cruciferous plants of interest were found: Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eruca vesicaria and Moricandia arvensis. These species represent some of the key functional traits of crucifers that are often present in our agrosystems. The detection of these species was carried out through the analysis of images captured by the drone and the implementation of convolutional neural network architectures. In this work, we present the first results of the models we are developing.

Resumen La pérdida generalizada de biodiversidad en los paisajes y ecosistemas agrarios es una preocupación a nivel global. Esta pérdida se relaciona con la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas, el uso inadecuado de agroquímicos y la fragmentación de hábitats naturales. Todo esto afecta la diversidad vegetal y tiene un impacto en el funcionamiento del ecosistema, limitando los servicios ecosistémicos. Promover una mayor diversidad funcional en los márgenes de nuestros cultivos es una meta alcanzable mediante el manejo de los recursos que nos ofrece la flora arvense. En particular, las especies de la familia Brassicaceae Burnett (en adelante, crucíferas), desempeñan un papel fundamental en los agrosistemas al atraer enemigos naturales de plagas y proporcionar néctar y polen a los polinizadores. El objetivo de este estudio era detectar y estimar los recursos florales ofrecidos por las crucíferas en presencia de otras especies arvenses. Para ello, se diseñó un experimento en la finca “La Poveda” (CSIC, Madrid) en 2023, en el que se llevaron a cabo hasta 4 vuelos con un dron sobre los márgenes florales donde se encontraban tres crucíferas de interés: Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eruca vesicaria y Moricandia arvensis. Estas especies representan algunos de los rasgos funcionales clave de las crucíferas que suelen estar presentes en nuestros agrosistemas. La detección de estas especies se realizó mediante el análisis de imágenes capturadas por el dron y la implementación de arquitecturas de redes neuronales convolucionales. En este trabajo, presentamos los primeros resultados de los modelos que estamos desarrollando.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el trastorno del espectro autista es una entidad de origen neurobiológico, caracterizada por una variedad de signos y síntomas. Objetivo: elevar el nivel de conocimiento en familiares de educandos con trastorno del espectro de autismo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, de intervención educativa en los nueve Servicios de Rehabilitación de las áreas de salud del municipio de Camagüey, durante los meses enero-diciembre de 2022. La muestra quedó constituida por 25 familiares que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Para evaluar los resultados de la intervención se aplicó un cuestionario antes y después de desarrollada la intervención. Resultados: existió predominio del sexo femenino 23 (92 %), un rango de edad de 30-39 años 11 (44 %) y un nivel escolar de bachiller 13 (52 %). Antes de la intervención fue insuficiente el nivel de conocimiento general sobre el trastorno del espectro autista en un 68 %. En lo referente a la competencia emocional, alcanzó el 84 %, el tratamiento indicado el 84 %, y los métodos educativos el 60 %. Posterior a la estrategia se logró elevar el nivel de conocimiento general en el 100 %, el 92 % alcanzó el objetivo de la competencia emocional, el 100 % logró suficiencia sobre el tratamiento indicado y en el 92 % obtuvo mejoría en el conocimiento sobre los estilos educativos. Conclusiones: se logró elevar el nivel de conocimientos generales sobre el trastorno del espectro autista, la competencia emocional, cumplimiento del tratamiento neurosensorial y estilos educativos.

ABSTRACT Background: autism spectrum disorder” is an entity of neurobiological origin, characterized by a variety of signs and symptoms. Objective: raise the knowledge level in relatives of students with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: a quasi-experimental study of educational intervention was carried out in the nine Rehabilitation Services of the Camagüey municipality health areas, from January to December 2022. The sample consisted of 25 family members who met the eligibility criteria. To evaluate the results of the intervention, a questionnaire was applied before and after the intervention was developed. Results: there was a predominance of the female sex 23 (92%), an age range of 30-39 years 11 (44%) and a high school level 13 (52%). Before the intervention, the level of general knowledge about autism spectrum disorder was insufficient by 68%. Regarding emotional competence, it reached 84%, the indicated treatment 84%, and educational methods 60%. After the strategy, it was possible to raise the level of general knowledge by 100%, 92% achieved the objective of emotional competence, 100% achieved sufficiency regarding the indicated treatment and 92% obtained improvement in educational styles knowledge. Conclusions: it was possible to raise the level of general knowledge about autism spectrum disorder, emotional competence, compliance with neurosensory treatment and educational styles.

Abstract Literature has emphasized on food environments centrality in food choices and nutritional status. Objective: identify social perceptions of fathers, mothers and guardians, professionals from educational establishments, municipal officials, and stallholders belonging to the southern area of Santiago de Chile, regarding limitations of healthy diet implementation on school environments. Method: six focus groups were carried out grouping 50 key actors linked to educational establishments using a non-probabilistic sample. A content analysis was applied through thematic coding technique seeking to reveal emerging semantic universes. Results: Nine barriers, or semantics, were identified characterizing limitations to healthy eating habits in school environments: family, school kiosks, leaving school establishments, taste, socioeconomic determinants, public policy, lack of knowledge, publicity, and availability of products without seals. Conclusions: limitations associated with domestic food environment have a significantly high representation (47,9%) and contain an individualized responsibility feature. This explanatory culture is opposed to scientific and academic evidence regarding the functioning of eating behavior, and the centrality of food environments facilitating or hindering healthy food consumption.

Resumen La literatura ha hecho hincapié en la centralidad que cumplen los entornos alimentarios en las elecciones alimentarias y en el estado nutricional de la población. Objetivo: identificar las percepciones de padres, madres y apoderados, profesionales de establecimientos educacionales, funcionarios municipales, y feriantes pertenecientes a la zona sur de Santiago de Chile, respecto a las barreras y limitaciones de la puesta en práctica de una alimentación saludable en el ambiente alimentario escolar. Método: se realizaron seis grupos focales agrupando a 50 actores claves vinculados a los establecimientos educacionales de Ciudad Sur utilizando una muestra no probabilística. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido mediante la técnica de codificación temática buscando relevar los universos semánticos emergentes. Resultados: se identificaron nueve barreras, o semánticas, que caracterizan limitantes a la realización de la alimentación saludable en los entornos escolares desde la perspectiva de los participantes: la familia, kioscos escolares, la salida de los establecimientos escolares, gusto, determinantes socioeconómicos, política pública, falta de conocimiento, publicidad y disponibilidad de productos sin sellos. Conclusiones: las limitaciones asociadas al ambiente alimentario doméstico tienen una representación significativamente alta (47,9%) y contienen un carácter de responsabilización individual en su enunciación. Esta cultura explicativa es opuesta a la evidencia científica y académica respecto al funcionamiento de la conducta alimentaria, y a la centralidad de los ambientes alimentarios respecto a la facilitación u obstaculización del consumo de alimentos saludables o adecuados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: both in normal and pathological aging, amnesic dysfunction is the most comm on cognitive disorder. The memory disturbance causes significant alteration in the social or labor functioning of the older adult. Objectives: to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly in a medical office. Methods: Analytical, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out on all the elderly (298) of the medical office no. and the Minimental Test Examination and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression scale were applied. Absolute and relative frequency calculations as well as the chi-square test were performed to determine the association between the variables. Results: Cognitive impairment affected a third of the older adults studied. An increase in cognitive impairment was observed as age advanced. Sex and educational level did not show an association with its appearance. A significant association with smoking, alcohol intake, family history of dementia, anxiety, and depression was found. Arterial hypertension followed by diabetes were the most prevalent chronic diseases in these patients. Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is a prevalent the health problem in communities and factors are associated with it that can be managed by health professionals for the benefit of the elderly.

RESUMEN Introducción: tanto en el envejecimiento normal como en el patológico, la disfunción amnésica es la alteración cognoscitiva más común. El disturbio de la memoria causa alteración significativa en el funcionamiento social o laboral del adulto mayor. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo en ancianos en un consultorio médico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional, de corte transversal a todos los adultos mayores (298) del consultorio médico no 57 del Policlínico Universitario “Luis Augusto Turcios Lima”, a estos (los pacientes) se les completó un formulario de datos generales y se les aplicó el Examen de Minimental Test y la escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage. Se realizaron cálculos de frecuencias absolutas y relativas, así como la prueba de chi-cuadrado para determinar la asociación entre las variables. Resultados: el deterioro cognitivo afectó a un tercio de los adultos mayores estudiados. Se observó un incremento del deterioro cognitivo en la medida que avanzó la edad. El sexo y el nivel de escolaridad no mostraron asociación con su aparición. Se comprobó una significativa asociación con el hábito de fumar, la ingestión de bebidas alcohólicas, los antecedentes familiares de demencia, la ansiedad y la depresión. La hipertensión arterial seguida de la diabetes fueron las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes en estos pacientes. Conclusiones: den los adultos mayores del consultorio médico 57 hay un incremento del deterioro cognitivo, debido a factores de riesgo como: la edad comprendida entre 60-70, el sexo masculino, el tabaquismo, el alcoholismo y el antecedente de padecer hipertensión arterial.

Abstract Introduction Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) face behavioral, sensory processing, cognitive, and language challenges that affect their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and necessitate access to educational, therapeutic, and health services. The COVID-19 pandemic limited access to these essential services, exacerbating the challenges faced by this vulnerable population due to imposed social distancing measures. Objective To explore the perceptions of parent caregivers of preschoolers with ASD regarding their children’s behavior and performance in ADL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method This cross-sectional, descriptive study utilized both quantitative and qualitative approaches, interviewing 60 caregivers of preschoolers with ASD. Participants were asked about any observed changes in their child’s behavior and ability to engage in ADL during the pandemic. Child characterization involved the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF:SC), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and the Sensory Profile 2 (SP-2). Interviews were documented, with 15 recorded and transcribed for thematic content analysis. Results Participants included 43 mothers, 15 couples, and two fathers, totaling 60 children, of whom 46 (76.7%) were boys aged between 3 and 5 years (mean age 53.6 ±10.18 months). Caregivers reported changes in behavior and performance in ADL, predominantly noting deterioration. Increases in stereotypic behaviors, rigidity, and hyperfocus were observed, along with decreased participation in ADL. While the presence of caregivers benefited some children, it also led to reported stress, particularly among mothers. Conclusion The study found a predominant trend of deteriorating behavior and performance in ADL among children with ASD during the pandemic, based on caregiver reports. (ASD behavioral processing cognitive (ADL educational therapeutic services COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 measures childrens s crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional approaches 6 childs child Functioning ACSFSC, ACSFSC ACSF SC , (ACSF:SC) PEDICAT, PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) SP2. SP2 SP . (SP-2) documented 1 analysis 4 mothers couples fathers 76.7% 767 76 7 (76.7% mean 536 53 53. 1018 10 18 ±10.1 months. months months) deterioration behaviors rigidity stress reports COVID1 COVID- (ACSF:SC (PEDI-CAT (SP-2 76.7 (76.7 101 ±10. (SP- 76. (76. ±10 (SP (76 ±1 (7 ± (

Resumo Introdução Crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) podem apresentar questões comportamentais, no processamento sensorial, na cognição e na linguagem, que afetam seu desempenho ocupacional, necessitando de acesso a serviços escolares, terapêuticos e de saúde. O acesso a esses serviços esteve restrito durante a pandemia de COVID-19, tornando essa população particularmente ainda mais vulnerável às restrições sociais impostas à época. Objetivo Descrever a percepção dos pais cuidadores de pré-escolares com TEA acerca do comportamento e desempenho ocupacional de seus filhos durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método Estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo e qualitativo baseado em entrevistas com 60 cuidadores de pré-escolares com TEA. Os participantes responderam à seguinte pergunta: Você está notando alguma diferença no comportamento e desempenho da criança durante a pandemia? Para caracterização das crianças, foram utilizados o Sistema de Classificação de Funcionalidade no Autismo: Comunicação Social (ACSF:SC), o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade - Teste Adaptativo de Computador (PEDI-CAT) e o Perfil Sensorial 2 (SP-2). Todas as entrevistas foram anotadas e 15 delas foram gravadas e transcritas. O material foi submetido à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados Foram entrevistadas 43 mães, 15 casais e dois pais de crianças com TEA. Das 60 crianças, 46 (76,7%) eram meninos, com idade de 3 a 5 anos (53,6 ±10,18 meses). Os cuidadores perceberam mudanças no comportamento e desempenho ocupacional, com prevalência de relatos de piora. Houve aumento nas estereotipias, rigidez e hiperfoco, bem como menor engajamento nas atividades cotidianas. A presença dos cuidadores beneficiou algumas crianças, mas há relato de estresse, especialmente por parte das mães. Conclusão Houve variação nos relatos, com maior tendência à piora no comportamento e desempenho ocupacional das crianças com TEA. (TEA comportamentais sensorial linguagem escolares saúde COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 época préescolares pré COVID19. 19. transversal descritivo 6 pergunta Autismo ACSFSC, ACSFSC ACSF SC , (ACSF:SC) PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT SP2. SP2 SP . (SP-2) 1 transcritas conteúdo 4 mães 76,7% 767 76 7 (76,7% meninos 53,6 536 53 (53, 1018 10 18 ±10,1 meses. meses meses) estereotipias hiperfoco cotidianas estresse COVID1 COVID-1 (ACSF:SC (SP-2 76,7 (76,7 53, (53 101 ±10, COVID- (SP- 76, (76, (5 ±10 (SP (76 ( ±1 (7 ±

Abstract The participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in recreation and leisure activities can be influenced by environmental factors. The recognition and understanding of these factors as barriers or facilitators of these activities are essential to guarantee the right of these children to participate on equal terms with other people in society. In this context, the objective of this integrative review was to identify environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP in recreation and leisure activities. The integrative review method proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used. Studies published between 2011 and 2022 in Portuguese and/or English were selected from MEDLINE indexing sources via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Nine studies were included in the review – most of them cross-sectional in design and qualitative in approach. The following participation facilitators were identified: support from parents, peers and teachers; interaction with adults; therapies; material conditions; activities at home, school and in the community; diversity of toys; and cultural activities. The following barriers to participation were identified: lack of access to public transport; negative attitudes; lack of choice and less parental interaction; and lack of adequacy of activities. The Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the concepts of participation pyramid and family of constructs were fundamental in identifying environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP. It is suggested that future studies be conducted to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for participants under 11 years of age. (CP society context 2005 (2005 used 201 202 andor PubMed EMBASE SciELO LILACS Science crosssectional cross sectional approach identified parents teachers adults therapies conditions home community toys transport attitudes Functioning ICF (ICF 1 age 200 (200 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo A participação de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) em atividades de recreação e lazer pode ser influenciada por fatores ambientais. O reconhecimento e compreensão desses fatores como barreiras ou facilitadores dessas atividades são essenciais para garantir o direito de participação dessas crianças em condições de igualdade com as demais pessoas da sociedade. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi identificar as barreiras e facilitadores ambientais na participação de crianças com PC em atividades de recreação e lazer. Utilizou-se o método de revisão integrativa proposto por Whittemore e Knafl (2005). Estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2022 nos idiomas português e/ou inglês foram selecionados a partir das fontes de indexação MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Nove estudos foram incluídos na revisão – a maioria de desenho transversal e abordagem qualitativa. Os seguintes facilitadores da participação foram identificados: apoio dos pais, pares e professores; interação com adultos; terapias; condições materiais; atividades em casa, na escola e na comunidade; diversidade de brinquedos; e atividades culturais. As seguintes barreiras à participação foram identificadas: falta de acesso a transportes públicos; atitudes negativas; falta de escolha e menor interação dos pais; e falta de adequação das atividades. A Classificação de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e os conceitos pirâmide de participação e família de constructos foram fundamentais para identificar as barreiras e facilitadores ambientais na participação de crianças com PC. Sugere-se que estudos futuros sejam conduzidos para avaliar a qualidade e a força da evidência para participantes com 11 anos de idade incompletos. (PC sociedade contexto Utilizouse Utilizou se 2005. 2005 . (2005) 201 202 eou PubMed EMBASE SciELO LILACS Science qualitativa identificados pais professores adultos terapias materiais casa comunidade brinquedos culturais identificadas públicos negativas Funcionalidade CIF (CIF Sugerese Sugere 1 incompletos 200 (2005 20 (200 2 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the use of digital devices, family function, and language development in preschool children. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study included a sample of 93 parent-child dyads. The children were of an average age of 57.01 ± 9.95 months, and the majority were female. The data collection instruments included a questionnaire on the use of digital devices, the Portuguese version of the Family Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scale - Version IV (FACES-IV), and a Preschool Language Test (TL-ALPE). Results The findings showed a greater tendency of children to use smartphones, tablets, and television for 0-3 hours daily. The analysis of the responses on the FACES-IV and TL-ALPE instruments showed that most of the participating families were of the balanced type and that most children had normal language development. Statistically significant relationships were found between the FACES-IV subscales and TL-ALPE subtests, FACES-IV subscales and the use of digital devices, and the use of digital devices and TL-ALPE subtests. Notably, children in more balanced family functioning scored higher on TL-ALPE tests, and the time spent using digital devices may compromise language development. Conclusion This study highlights the impact of digital device use and the role of family functioning on children’s language development, suggesting that moderate digital device use and balanced family functioning are facilitating factors for good language development. function crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional descriptivecorrelational descriptive correlational 9 parentchild parent child dyads 5701 57 01 57.0 995 95 9.9 months female FACESIV, FACESIV FACES , (FACES-IV) TLALPE. TLALPE TL ALPE . (TL-ALPE) smartphones tablets 03 0 3 0- daily subtests Notably tests childrens s 570 5 57. 99 9. (FACES-IV (TL-ALPE

RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre a utilização de dispositivos digitais, o funcionamento familiar e o desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças de idade pré-escolar. Método Estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional com uma amostra de 93 díades pais-crianças. As crianças tinham uma média etária de 57,01 ± 9,95 meses, sendo a maioria do gênero feminino. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados incluíram um questionário sobre o uso de dispositivos digitais, a versão portuguesa da Escala de Avaliação da Flexibilidade e Coesão Familiar - Versão IV (FACES-IV) e o Teste de Linguagem - Avaliação de Linguagem Pré-Escolar (TL-ALPE). Resultados As respostas demonstram uma maior tendência para a utilização do smartphone, tablet e televisão entre 0 e 3 horas por dia nas crianças. Com a aplicação da FACES-IV e do TL-ALPE, verificou-se que a maioria das famílias participantes eram do tipo equilibrado e que a maioria das crianças apresenta um normal desenvolvimento da linguagem. Observaram-se relações estatisticamente significativas entre a FACES-IV e o TL-ALPE; a FACES-IV e a utilização de dispositivos digitais; a utilização de dispositivos digitais e o TL-ALPE. Verificou-se que crianças com um funcionamento familiar mais equilibrado pontuam mais alto nas provas do TL-ALPE e que o tempo de uso de dispositivos digitais pode comprometer o desenvolvimento da linguagem. Conclusão Destaca-se o impacto da utilização dos dispositivos digitais e o papel do funcionamento familiar no desenvolvimento da linguagem da criança, sugerindo que uma utilização moderada de dispositivos digitais e um funcionamento familiar equilibrado são fatores facilitadores de um bom desenvolvimento da linguagem. préescolar. préescolar pré escolar. escolar pré-escolar transversal descritivocorrelacional descritivo correlacional 9 paiscrianças. paiscrianças pais pais-crianças 5701 57 01 57,0 995 95 9,9 meses feminino FACESIV FACES (FACES-IV PréEscolar Pré Escolar TLALPE. TLALPE TL ALPE . (TL-ALPE) smartphone TLALPE, ALPE, verificouse verificou se Observaramse Observaram ALPE. Verificouse Verificou Destacase Destaca criança 570 5 57, 99 9, (TL-ALPE

ABSTRACT: In this study, we analyzed the interactions of six families visiting virtual exhibition “Aedes: which mosquito is this?” at Museu da Vida (RJ). The objectives were: to identify the most relevant interactions with the exposition and conversations between family members during the visits; analyze aspects of usability and navigability; and identify specificities of the family public regarding virtual visitation to museums and science centers. Data collection occurred by applying an online questionnaire, using the free Flashback Recorder Express program during the family’s visitation, in addition to conducting a semi-structured online interview after the visit. The data were categorized and analyzed, in the case of audiovisual data, using the Dedoose software. The results indicated a positive valuation about the visitation experience, with children playing a leading role. We noticed that the family members talk to each other to figure out how to get around and perform actions in cyberspace; they value the possibility of interactivity and learning, with interactive totems arousing the most interest and positive emotions; and they seek the exposition texts partially, despite lack of interest in reading. As for the aspect of virtuality, in addition to barriers associated with non-functioning, the immersive nature is accompanied by difficulties with usability and navigability, which, although intuitively overcome, are associated with negative emotions and could be minimize by providing more information to users. ABSTRACT study Aedes “Aedes this? RJ. RJ . (RJ) visits navigability centers questionnaire familys s semistructured semi structured visit software experience role cyberspace learning partially reading virtuality nonfunctioning, nonfunctioning non functioning, functioning non-functioning overcome users (RJ

RESUMO: Neste estudo, analisamos as interações de seis famílias em visita à exposição virtual “ Aedes : que mosquito é esse?”, do Museu da Vida (RJ). Os objetivos foram: identificar as interações com a exposição e as conversas mais relevantes dos membros da família entre si durante as visitas; analisar aspectos de usabilidade e navegabilidade; e identificar especificidades do público familiar no que concerne à visitação virtual a museus e centros de ciências. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de aplicação de questionário on-line e por gravação da tela e dos dados audiovisuais da família, com o uso do programa de livre acesso Flashback Recorder Express, durante a realização da visita, além de realização de entrevista semiestruturada on-line após a visita. Os dados foram categorizados e analisados, no caso dos dados audiovisuais, utilizando-se o software Dedoose. Os resultados indicaram valoração positiva da experiência de visitação, com protagonismo das crianças. Notamos que os membros da família conversam entre si para descobrir como se locomover e executar ações no ciberespaço; valorizam a possibilidade de interatividade e de aprendizado, sendo os totens interativos os que mais despertam interesse e emoções positivas; e buscam os textos expositivos de forma parcial, apesar do desinteresse na leitura. Quanto ao aspecto da virtualidade, além de barreiras associadas ao não funcionamento, o caráter imersivo é acompanhado por dificuldades com a usabilidade e navegabilidade, que, ainda que superáveis intuitivamente, associam-se a emoções negativas e poderiam ser minimizadas com o fornecimento de mais informações aos usuários. RESUMO estudo esse, esse , esse?” RJ. RJ . (RJ) visitas navegabilidade ciências online on line Express analisados utilizandose utilizando Dedoose crianças ciberespaço aprendizado positivas parcial leitura virtualidade funcionamento intuitivamente associamse associam usuários esse? (RJ

Abstract Background Psychometric studies of the FACES III scale in Spanish-speaking countries show a lack of agreement on the factorial structure of the scale. In addition, most of the studies have only performed exploratory analyses of its factorial structure. Objective The objective of the present study was to confirm the structure and factorial invariance of the FACES III scale in nursing and obstetric students from Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. Methods A total of 3303 students from the four countries participated in this study (Colombia = 1559, Chile = 1224, Peru = 215, Mexico = 305). Results The results of the study showed that the Bi-factor model presents the best-fit indexes to the data from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico, but not from Peru. In addition, it was found that this model showed evidence of being strictly invariant among the three countries in the sequence of the invariance models proposed: metric invariance (ΔRMSEA = .000), scalar (ΔRMSEA = .008), and strict (ΔRMSEA = .008). The bi-factor model also showed adequate reliability indexes in the three countries. Conclusion It is concluded that the FACES III scale shows adequate psychometric performance under a bi-factor model in nursing and obstetric students from Colombia, Chile, and Mexico. The lack of fit of the model in Peru could be associated with the small sample size. Spanishspeaking Spanish speaking addition Colombia 330 1559 1224 215 305. 305 . 305) Bifactor Bi factor bestfit best proposed ΔRMSEA .000, 000 .000 , .000) .008, 008 .008 .008) .008. bifactor bi size 33 155 122 21 30 00 .00 3 15 12 2 0 .0 1