ABSTRACT Introduction: tuberculous meningitis is the most serious form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, this is due to the high mortality and morbidity in patients, its diagnosis is difficult and the majority of cases can be identified based on clinical criteria and characteristics of the cerebrospinal fluid that the majority Sometimes they are nonspecific. Objective: determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics in patients with meningeal tuberculosis of patients admitted to the medical clinic area at the National Hospital in the period 2015-2023. Methodology: retrospective descriptive observational cross-sectional study of adult patients with meningeal tuberculosis admitted to the National Hospital in the period 2015-2023. Results: 32 patients between 20 and 80 years old (mean age: 39 years) were included; men 68.75 %, women 32.25 %. Mostly coming from the interior of the country. In most cases, patients presented an increase in proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid and predominantly mononuclear cellularity. The genxpert positivity of Mycobacterium from the cerebrospinal fluid was 62.5 %; in no case was AFB isolated. 37.5 % were seropositive for HIV and 43.75 % had pulmonary disease concomitant to meningitis. Mortality was 31.25 %. Conclusion: tuberculous meningitis in our research mainly affected middle-aged men from the interior, whose initial symptoms are fever in a higher percentage followed by headache, presenting a high mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción: la meningitis tuberculosa es la forma más grave de tuberculosis extrapulmonar, esto se debe a la gran mortalidad y morbilidad en los pacientes, con alta prevalencia en los países en desarrollo, lo que constituye un problema de salud pública. Su diagnóstico es difícil y la mayoría de casos se logran identificar a base de criterios clínicos y características del líquido cefalorraquídeo que la mayoría de veces son inespecíficos. Objetivo: determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas en pacientes con tuberculosis meníngea de los pacientes internados en área de clínica médica en el Hospital Nacional en el periodo 2015-2023. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal de pacientes adultos con tuberculosis meníngea internados en el Centro Médico Nacional en el periodo 2015- 2023. Resultados: se incluyeron 32 pacientes entre 20 y 85 años (edad media: 39 años); varones 68,75 %, mujeres 32,25 %. Mayoría provenientes del interior del país. En la mayoría de los casos los pacientes presentaron un aumento de proteínas en el líquido cefalorraquídeo y celularidad predominio de mononucleares, la positividad de GeneXpert de Mycobacterium del líquido cefalorraquídeo fue 62,5 %, en ningún caso se aisló BAAR. Fueron seropositivos para VIH 37,5 % y tenían afección pulmonar concomitante a la meningitis 43,75 %. La mortalidad fue de 31,25 %. Conclusión: la meningitis tuberculosa en nuestra investigación afectó mayormente a hombres de mediana edad provenientes del interior, cuya clínica inicial es la fiebre en mayor porcentaje seguido de cefalea presentando una alta mortalidad.

RESUMEN Introducción: la tuberculosis se encuentra dentro de las primeras diez causas principales de muerte en todo el mundo, no solo afecta a los pulmones, también puede tener localizaciones que afectan a tejidos y órganos fuera del parénquima pulmonar. Aunque se diagnóstica clínicamente y se confirma por los estudios bacteriológicos estos, en algunos casos, no son posibles. Información del paciente: se presenta un caso con diagnóstico clínico e imagenológico sugestivos de tuberculosis extrapulmonar con afectación ósea e intestinal, sin apoyo de estudios microbiológicos, en el que se logró la resolución después del tratamiento contra la Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Generalmente se informan casos con afectación extrapulmonar de una sola localización, pero en este se involucran dos tejidos diferentes. No se encuentran referencias a esta combinación. Conclusiones: este caso, en el que existe la combinación de más de un tejido no respiratorio pertenecientes a diferentes sistemas, con afectación por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, permite alertar a los médicos ante un paciente con tuberculosis extrapulmonar y la posibilidad de que exista esta afectación en más de una localización.

ABSTRACT Introduction: tuberculosis is among the first ten main causes of death worldwide, it not only affects the lungs, it can also have locations that affect tissues and organs outside the lung parenchyma. Although it is diagnosed clinically and confirmed by bacteriological studies, these, in some cases, are not possible. Patient information: a case is presented with a clinical and imaging diagnosis suggestive of extrapulmonary tuberculosis with bone and intestinal involvement, without support from microbiological studies, in which resolution was achieved after treatment against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cases with extrapulmonary involvement of a single location are generally reported, but in this case two different tissues are involved. There are no references to this combination. Conclusions: this case, in which there is a combination of more than one non-respiratory tissue belonging to different systems, with involvement by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, allows doctors to be alerted to a patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and the possibility that this involvement exists in more of a location.

RESUMEN La primera causa de muerte por enfermedad infecto-contagiosa a nivel mundial es atribuible a la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La tuberculosis extrapulmonar representa entre un 20 % y un 25 % de los casos de enfermedad tuberculosa. Frecuentemente, para arribar al diagnóstico de dichas localizaciones, se debe recurrir a pruebas diagnósticas invasivas Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 17 años de edad con compromiso extrapulmo nar de tuberculosis en médula ósea sin inmunocompromiso conocido, con síntomas de fiebre, astenia, pérdida de peso, tricitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia, sin otros hallazgos clínicos significativos. Se arriba al diagnóstico por cultivo positivo para tuberculosis en material de punción/ biopsia de médula ósea. Luego de un mes de tratamiento con isoniacida, pirazinamida, etambutol y rifampicina evoluciona con registros febriles aún después de recibir antibióticos por infección urinaria por Klebsiella pneumoniae, por lo cual se inicia corticoterapia oral con buena respuesta. El paciente abandona el tratamiento luego de tres meses y medio por mala adherencia a este.

ABSTRACT The leading cause of death from a contagious infectious disease worldwide is attribut able to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 20-25 % of cases of tuberculous disease. Frequently, in order to reach the diagnosis of these sites, invasive diagnostic tests have to be used. We present the case of a 17-year-old patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis with bone marrow involvement. The patient wasn’t immunocompromised, and had the following symptoms: fever, asthenia, weight loss, tricytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly, without other significant clinical findings. The diagnosis was reached by positive culture for tuberculosis in bone marrow puncture aspiration/biopsy material After one month of treatment with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin, the patient evolved with fever episodes, even after having received antibiotics for urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, oral corticosteroid therapy was started, with good response. The patient discontinued treatment after three and a half months due to poor adherence.

RESUMEN La primera causa de muerte por enfermedad infecto-contagiosa a nivel mundial es atribuible a la infección por Mycobacterium tuberculosis. La tuberculosis extrapulmonar representa entre un 20 % y un 25 % de los casos de enfermedad tuberculosa. Frecuentemente, para arribar al diagnóstico de dichas localizaciones, se debe recurrir a pruebas diagnósticas invasivas Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 17 años de edad con compromiso extrapulmonar de tuberculosis en médula ósea sin inmunocompromiso conocido, con síntomas de fiebre, astenia, pérdida de peso, tricitopenia y hepatoesplenomegalia, sin otros hallazgos clínicos significativos. Se arriba al diagnóstico por cultivo positivo para tuberculosis en material de punción/ biopsia de médula ósea. Luego de un mes de tratamiento con isoniacida, pirazinamida, etambutol y rifampicina evoluciona con registros febriles aún después de recibir antibióticos por infección urinaria por Klebsiella pneumoniae, por lo cual se inicia corticoterapia oral con buena respuesta. El paciente abandona el tratamiento luego de tres meses y medio por mala adherencia a este.

ABSTRACT The leading cause of death from a contagious infectious disease worldwide is attributable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 20-25 % of cases of tuberculous disease. Frequently, in order to reach the diagnosis of these sites, invasive diagnostic tests have to be used. We present the case of a 17-year-old patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis with bone marrow involvement. The patient wasn’t immunocompromised, and had the following symptoms: fever, asthenia, weight loss, tricytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly, without other significant clinical findings. The diagnosis was reached by positive culture for tuberculosis in bone marrow puncture aspiration/biopsy material After one month of treatment with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin, the patient evolved with fever episodes, even after having received antibiotics for urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, oral corticosteroid therapy was started, with good response. The patient discontinued treatment after three and a half months due to poor adherence.

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a bibliographic review on tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases, being managed with biologic therapy. Data source: An integrative review with a search in the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following descriptors and Boolean operators: ([“tuberculosis”] AND ([“children”] OR [“adolescent”]) AND [“rheumatic diseases”] AND ([“tumor necrosis factor-alpha”] OR [“etanercept”] OR [“adalimumab”] OR [“infliximab”] OR [“biological drugs”] OR [“rituximab”] OR [“belimumab”] OR [“tocilizumab”] OR [“canakinumab”] OR [“golimumab”] OR [“secukinumab”] OR [“ustekinumab”] OR [“tofacitinib”] OR [“baricitinib”] OR [“anakinra”] OR [“rilonacept”] OR [“abatacept”]), between January 2010 and October 2021. Data synthesis: Thirty-seven articles were included, with the total number of 36,198 patients. There were 81 cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), 80 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and four of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The main rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Among LTBI cases, most were diagnosed at screening and none progressed to TB disease during follow-up. Of the TB cases using biologics, most used tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (anti-TNFα) drugs. There was only one death. Conclusions: The study revealed a low rate of active TB in pediatric patients using biologic therapy. Screening for LTBI before initiating biologics should be done in all patients, and treatment, in cases of positive screening, plays a critical role in preventing progression to TB disease. Objective (TB diseases therapy source US U S U.S PubMed (PubMed operators ([“tuberculosis” ([“children” adolescent [“adolescent”] diseases” factoralpha factor alpha factor-alpha” etanercept [“etanercept” adalimumab [“adalimumab” infliximab [“infliximab” biological drugs drugs” rituximab [“rituximab” belimumab [“belimumab” tocilizumab [“tocilizumab” canakinumab [“canakinumab” golimumab [“golimumab” secukinumab [“secukinumab” ustekinumab [“ustekinumab” tofacitinib [“tofacitinib” baricitinib [“baricitinib” anakinra [“anakinra” rilonacept [“rilonacept” abatacept, abatacept , [“abatacept”]) 201 2021 synthesis Thirtyseven Thirty seven included 36198 36 198 36,19 8 LTBI, (LTBI) PTB, PTB (PTB) EPTB. EPTB . (EPTB) arthritis followup. followup follow up. up follow-up antiTNFα anti TNFα (anti-TNFα death Conclusions treatment ([“tuberculosis ([“children [“adolescent” [“etanercept [“adalimumab [“infliximab [“rituximab [“belimumab [“tocilizumab [“canakinumab [“golimumab [“secukinumab [“ustekinumab [“tofacitinib [“baricitinib [“anakinra [“rilonacept [“abatacept”] 20 202 3619 3 19 36,1 (LTBI (PTB (EPTB [“adolescent [“abatacept” 2 361 1 36, [“abatacept

RESUMO Objetivo: Fazer um levantamento bibliográfico referente à tuberculose (TB) em crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumáticas, em uso de imunobiológicos. Fonte de dados: Revisão integrativa com busca na base United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) utilizando os descritores e operadores booleanos: ([“tuberculosis”] AND ([“children”] OR [“adolescent”]) AND [“rheumatic diseases”] AND ([“tumor necrosis fator-alpha”] OR [“etanercept”] OR [“adalimumab”] OR [“infliximab”] OR [“biological drugs”] OR [“rituximab”] OR [“belimumab”] OR [“tocilizumab”] OR [“canakinumab”] OR [“golimumab”] OR [“secukinumab”] OR [“ustekinumab”] OR [“tofacitinib”] OR [“baricitinib”] OR [“anakinra”] OR [“rilonacept”] OR [“abatacept”]), entre janeiro de 2010 e outubro de 2021. Síntese de dados: Trinta e sete artigos foram incluídos, com o total de 36.198 pacientes. Houve 81 casos de tuberculose latente (ILTB), 80 casos de tuberculose pulmonar (TBP) e quatro casos de tuberculose extrapulmonar (TBEP). A principal doença reumática foi a artrite idiopática juvenil. Entre os casos de ILTB, a maioria foi diagnosticada no rastreio e nenhum evoluiu para a TB. Dos casos de TB em uso de imunobiológicos, a maioria utilizava fármacos antiTNFα. Houve somente um caso de óbito. Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou baixa taxa de TB nos pacientes pediátricos em uso de imunobiológicos. O rastreio para ILTB antes do início da terapia com agentes biológicos deve ser realizado em todos os pacientes, e o tratamento, nos casos de rastreio positivo, é importante para evitar a progressão para TB doença. Objetivo (TB reumáticas imunobiológicos dados PubMed (PubMed booleanos tuberculosis ([“tuberculosis” children ([“children” adolescent [“adolescent”] rheumatic diseases diseases” tumor fatoralpha fator alpha fator-alpha” etanercept [“etanercept” adalimumab [“adalimumab” infliximab [“infliximab” biological drugs drugs” rituximab [“rituximab” belimumab [“belimumab” tocilizumab [“tocilizumab” canakinumab [“canakinumab” golimumab [“golimumab” secukinumab [“secukinumab” ustekinumab [“ustekinumab” tofacitinib [“tofacitinib” baricitinib [“baricitinib” anakinra [“anakinra” rilonacept [“rilonacept” abatacept, abatacept , [“abatacept”]) 201 2021 incluídos 36198 36 198 36.19 8 (ILTB) TBP (TBP TBEP. TBEP . (TBEP) juvenil antiTNFα óbito Conclusões tratamento positivo ([“tuberculosis ([“children [“adolescent” fator-alpha [“etanercept [“adalimumab [“infliximab [“rituximab [“belimumab [“tocilizumab [“canakinumab [“golimumab [“secukinumab [“ustekinumab [“tofacitinib [“baricitinib [“anakinra [“rilonacept [“abatacept”] 20 202 3619 3 19 36.1 (ILTB (TBEP [“adolescent [“abatacept” 2 361 1 36. [“abatacept

Tuberculous mastoiditis (TBM) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which may result in catastrophic complications, including mastoid and ossicle destruction, hearing loss and intracranial spread if untreated. Diagnosis is challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of extrapulmonary TB, compounded by limited theatre access for specimen retrieval, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. In this case series, we discuss three cases of TBM (one paediatric and two adults) who presented to the public and private healthcare sectors in the Eastern Cape in 2022, underscoring that TB does not respect socioeconomic status.

Abstract This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with loss of follow-up and death due to tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population (HP) in Brazil, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) by multinomial logistic regression. A total of 3,831 TB cases in this population were analyzed, of which 57.0% had unfavorable outcomes. Loss of follow-up was associated with: history of abandonment (OR=2.38; 95%CI 2.05-2.77), unknown HIV serology (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.38-2.32), HIV coinfection (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.46-2.06), drug use (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.31-1.80), age (OR=0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99), mixed clinical form (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), extrapulmonary form (OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.29-0.73), government beneficiary (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.50-0.81), and supervised treatment (OR=0.52; 95%CI 0.45-0.60). Regarding death, the following were associated: age (OR=1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), unknown HIV serology (OR=2.39; 95%CI 1.48-3.86), alcohol consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.27-2.58), and supervised treatment (OR=0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96). Overlapping vulnerabilities in the health-disease process of homeless individuals with TB were observed, requiring comprehensive and cross-sectoral care practices.

Resumo Esta coorte retrospectiva identificou os fatores associados à perda de seguimento e ao óbito por tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão logística multinominal. Analisaram-se 3.831 casos de tuberculose nessa população, dos quais 57,0% tiveram desfechos desfavoráveis. Associaram-se à perda de seguimento: histórico de abandono (OR=2,38; IC95% 2,05-2,77), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,38-2,32) e coinfecção com HIV (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,46-2,06), uso de drogas (OR=1,54; IC95% 1,31-1,80), idade (OR=0,98; IC95% 0,97-0,99), forma clínica mista (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,42-0,97) e extrapulmonar (OR=0,46; IC95% 0,29-0,73), auxílio de programa governamental (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,50-0,81) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,52; IC95% 0,45-0,60). Em relação ao óbito, associaram-se: idade (OR=1,03; IC95% 1,01-1,05), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=2,39; IC95% 1,48-3,86), uso de álcool (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,27-2,58) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,70; IC95% 0,51-0,96). Percebeu-se a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades no processo saúde-doença das pessoas em situação de rua com tuberculose, demandando práticas cuidativas intersetoriais e integrais.

Resumo Esta coorte retrospectiva identificou os fatores associados à perda de seguimento e ao óbito por tuberculose na população em situação de rua no Brasil, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão logística multinominal. Analisaram-se 3.831 casos de tuberculose nessa população, dos quais 57,0% tiveram desfechos desfavoráveis. Associaram-se à perda de seguimento: histórico de abandono (OR=2,38; IC95% 2,05-2,77), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=1,79; IC95% 1,38-2,32) e coinfecção com HIV (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,46-2,06), uso de drogas (OR=1,54; IC95% 1,31-1,80), idade (OR=0,98; IC95% 0,97-0,99), forma clínica mista (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,42-0,97) e extrapulmonar (OR=0,46; IC95% 0,29-0,73), auxílio de programa governamental (OR=0,64; IC95% 0,50-0,81) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,52; IC95% 0,45-0,60). Em relação ao óbito, associaram-se: idade (OR=1,03; IC95% 1,01-1,05), desconhecimento da sorologia do HIV (OR=2,39; IC95% 1,48-3,86), uso de álcool (OR=1,81; IC95% 1,27-2,58) e tratamento supervisionado (OR=0,70; IC95% 0,51-0,96). Percebeu-se a sobreposição de vulnerabilidades no processo saúde-doença das pessoas em situação de rua com tuberculose, demandando práticas cuidativas intersetoriais e integrais. Brasil estimandose estimando se OR (OR 95 IC95 IC (IC95% multinominal Analisaramse Analisaram 3831 3 831 3.83 570 57 0 57,0 desfavoráveis Associaramse Associaram OR=2,38 OR238 2 38 (OR=2,38 2,052,77, 205277 2,05 2,77 , 05 77 2,05-2,77) OR=1,79 OR179 1 79 (OR=1,79 1,382,32 138232 1,38 2,32 32 1,38-2,32 OR=1,73 OR173 73 (OR=1,73 1,462,06, 146206 1,46 2,06 46 06 1,46-2,06) OR=1,54 OR154 54 (OR=1,54 1,311,80, 131180 1,31 1,80 31 80 1,31-1,80) OR=0,98 OR098 98 (OR=0,98 0,970,99, 097099 0,97 0,99 97 99 0,97-0,99) OR=0,64 OR064 64 (OR=0,64 0,420,97 042097 0,42 42 0,42-0,97 OR=0,46 OR046 (OR=0,46 0,290,73, 029073 0,29 0,73 29 0,29-0,73) 0,500,81 050081 0,50 0,81 50 81 0,50-0,81 OR=0,52 OR052 52 (OR=0,52 0,450,60. 045060 0,45 0,60 . 45 60 0,45-0,60) associaramse associaram associaram-se OR=1,03 OR103 03 (OR=1,03 1,011,05, 101105 1,01 1,05 01 1,01-1,05) OR=2,39 OR239 39 (OR=2,39 1,483,86, 148386 1,48 3,86 48 86 1,48-3,86) OR=1,81 OR181 (OR=1,81 1,272,58 127258 1,27 2,58 27 58 1,27-2,58 OR=0,70 OR070 70 (OR=0,70 0,510,96. 051096 0,51 0,96 51 96 0,51-0,96) Percebeuse Percebeu saúdedoença saúde doença integrais 9 IC9 (IC95 383 83 3.8 5 57, OR=2,3 OR23 (OR=2,3 052 2,052,77 20527 205 2,0 277 2,7 7 2,05-2,77 OR=1,7 OR17 (OR=1,7 382 1,382,3 13823 138 1,3 232 2,3 1,38-2,3 462 1,462,06 14620 146 1,4 206 4 1,46-2,06 OR=1,5 OR15 (OR=1,5 311 1,311,80 13118 131 180 1,8 8 1,31-1,80 OR=0,9 OR09 (OR=0,9 970 0,970,99 09709 097 0,9 099 0,97-0,99 OR=0,6 OR06 6 (OR=0,6 420 0,420,9 04209 042 0,4 0,42-0,9 OR=0,4 OR04 (OR=0,4 290 0,290,73 02907 029 0,2 073 0,7 0,29-0,73 500 0,500,8 05008 050 0,5 081 0,8 0,50-0,8 OR=0,5 OR05 (OR=0,5 450 0,450,60 04506 045 060 0,6 0,45-0,60 OR=1,0 OR10 (OR=1,0 011 1,011,05 10110 101 1,0 105 1,01-1,05 483 1,483,86 14838 148 386 3,8 1,48-3,86 OR=1,8 OR18 (OR=1,8 272 1,272,5 12725 127 1,2 258 2,5 1,27-2,5 OR=0,7 OR07 (OR=0,7 510 0,510,96 05109 051 096 0,51-0,96 (IC9 3. OR=2, OR2 (OR=2, 2,052,7 2052 20 2, 2,05-2,7 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, 1,382, 1382 13 1, 23 1,38-2, 1,462,0 1462 14 1,46-2,0 1,311,8 1311 18 1,31-1,8 OR=0, OR0 (OR=0, 0,970,9 0970 09 0, 0,97-0,9 0,420, 0420 04 0,42-0, 0,290,7 0290 02 07 0,29-0,7 0,500, 0500 08 0,50-0, 0,450,6 0450 0,45-0,6 1,011,0 1011 10 1,01-1,0 1,483,8 1483 3, 1,48-3,8 1,272, 1272 12 25 1,27-2, 0,510,9 0510 0,51-0,9 (IC OR=2 (OR=2 2,052, 2,05-2, OR=1 (OR=1 1,382 1,38-2 1,462, 1,46-2, 1,311, 1,31-1, OR=0 (OR=0 0,970, 0,97-0, 0,420 0,42-0 0,290, 0,29-0, 0,500 0,50-0 0,450, 0,45-0, 1,011, 1,01-1, 1,483, 1,48-3, 1,272 1,27-2 0,510, 0,51-0, OR= (OR= 2,052 2,05-2 1,38- 1,462 1,46-2 1,311 1,31-1 0,970 0,97-0 0,42- 0,290 0,29-0 0,50- 0,450 0,45-0 1,011 1,01-1 1,483 1,48-3 1,27- 0,510 0,51-0 2,05- 1,46- 1,31- 0,97- 0,29- 0,45- 1,01- 1,48- 0,51-

Abstract This retrospective cohort study identified factors associated with loss of follow-up and death due to tuberculosis (TB) in the homeless population (HP) in Brazil, estimating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) by multinomial logistic regression. A total of 3,831 TB cases in this population were analyzed, of which 57.0% had unfavorable outcomes. Loss of follow-up was associated with: history of abandonment (OR=2.38; 95%CI 2.05-2.77), unknown HIV serology (OR=1.79; 95%CI 1.38-2.32), HIV coinfection (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.46-2.06), drug use (OR=1.54; 95%CI 1.31-1.80), age (OR=0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99), mixed clinical form (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.42-0.97), extrapulmonary form (OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.29-0.73), government beneficiary (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.50-0.81), and supervised treatment (OR=0.52; 95%CI 0.45-0.60). Regarding death, the following were associated: age (OR=1.03; 95%CI 1.01-1.05), unknown HIV serology (OR=2.39; 95%CI 1.48-3.86), alcohol consumption (OR=1.81; 95%CI 1.27-2.58), and supervised treatment (OR=0.70; 95%CI 0.51-0.96). Overlapping vulnerabilities in the health-disease process of homeless individuals with TB were observed, requiring comprehensive and cross-sectoral care practices. followup follow up (TB HP (HP Brazil OR (OR 95 95CI CI (95%CI regression 3831 3 831 3,83 analyzed 570 57 0 57.0 outcomes OR=2.38 OR238 2 38 (OR=2.38 2.052.77, 205277 2.05 2.77 , 05 77 2.05-2.77) OR=1.79 OR179 1 79 (OR=1.79 1.382.32, 138232 1.38 2.32 32 1.38-2.32) OR=1.73 OR173 73 (OR=1.73 1.462.06, 146206 1.46 2.06 46 06 1.46-2.06) OR=1.54 OR154 54 (OR=1.54 1.311.80, 131180 1.31 1.80 31 80 1.31-1.80) OR=0.98 OR098 98 (OR=0.98 0.970.99, 097099 0.97 0.99 97 99 0.97-0.99) OR=0.64 OR064 64 (OR=0.64 0.420.97, 042097 0.42 42 0.42-0.97) OR=0.46 OR046 (OR=0.46 0.290.73, 029073 0.29 0.73 29 0.29-0.73) 0.500.81, 050081 0.50 0.81 50 81 0.50-0.81) OR=0.52 OR052 52 (OR=0.52 0.450.60. 045060 0.45 0.60 . 45 60 0.45-0.60) OR=1.03 OR103 03 (OR=1.03 1.011.05, 101105 1.01 1.05 01 1.01-1.05) OR=2.39 OR239 39 (OR=2.39 1.483.86, 148386 1.48 3.86 48 86 1.48-3.86) OR=1.81 OR181 (OR=1.81 1.272.58, 127258 1.27 2.58 27 58 1.27-2.58) OR=0.70 OR070 70 (OR=0.70 0.510.96. 051096 0.51 0.96 51 96 0.51-0.96) healthdisease health disease observed crosssectoral cross sectoral practices 9 383 83 3,8 5 57. OR=2.3 OR23 (OR=2.3 052 2.052.77 20527 205 2.0 277 2.7 7 2.05-2.77 OR=1.7 OR17 (OR=1.7 382 1.382.32 13823 138 1.3 232 2.3 1.38-2.32 462 1.462.06 14620 146 1.4 206 4 1.46-2.06 OR=1.5 OR15 (OR=1.5 311 1.311.80 13118 131 180 1.8 8 1.31-1.80 OR=0.9 OR09 (OR=0.9 970 0.970.99 09709 097 0.9 099 0.97-0.99 OR=0.6 OR06 6 (OR=0.6 420 0.420.97 04209 042 0.4 0.42-0.97 OR=0.4 OR04 (OR=0.4 290 0.290.73 02907 029 0.2 073 0.7 0.29-0.73 500 0.500.81 05008 050 0.5 081 0.8 0.50-0.81 OR=0.5 OR05 (OR=0.5 450 0.450.60 04506 045 060 0.6 0.45-0.60 OR=1.0 OR10 (OR=1.0 011 1.011.05 10110 101 1.0 105 1.01-1.05 483 1.483.86 14838 148 386 3.8 1.48-3.86 OR=1.8 OR18 (OR=1.8 272 1.272.58 12725 127 1.2 258 2.5 1.27-2.58 OR=0.7 OR07 (OR=0.7 510 0.510.96 05109 051 096 0.51-0.96 3, OR=2. OR2 (OR=2. 2.052.7 2052 20 2. 2.05-2.7 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 1.382.3 1382 13 1. 23 1.38-2.3 1.462.0 1462 14 1.46-2.0 1.311.8 1311 18 1.31-1.8 OR=0. OR0 (OR=0. 0.970.9 0970 09 0. 0.97-0.9 0.420.9 0420 04 0.42-0.9 0.290.7 0290 02 07 0.29-0.7 0.500.8 0500 08 0.50-0.8 0.450.6 0450 0.45-0.6 1.011.0 1011 10 1.01-1.0 1.483.8 1483 3. 1.48-3.8 1.272.5 1272 12 25 1.27-2.5 0.510.9 0510 0.51-0.9 OR=2 (OR=2 2.052. 2.05-2. OR=1 (OR=1 1.382. 1.38-2. 1.462. 1.46-2. 1.311. 1.31-1. OR=0 (OR=0 0.970. 0.97-0. 0.420. 0.42-0. 0.290. 0.29-0. 0.500. 0.50-0. 0.450. 0.45-0. 1.011. 1.01-1. 1.483. 1.48-3. 1.272. 1.27-2. 0.510. 0.51-0. OR= (OR= 2.052 2.05-2 1.382 1.38-2 1.462 1.46-2 1.311 1.31-1 0.970 0.97-0 0.420 0.42-0 0.290 0.29-0 0.500 0.50-0 0.450 0.45-0 1.011 1.01-1 1.483 1.48-3 1.272 1.27-2 0.510 0.51-0 2.05- 1.38- 1.46- 1.31- 0.97- 0.42- 0.29- 0.50- 0.45- 1.01- 1.48- 1.27- 0.51-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculosis is mainly a pulmonary disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can affect any individual. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis reported in a healthcare institution in the district of Barranquilla, Colombia. Methods: A descriptive study that retrospectively reviewed the surveillance system database of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis in a healthcare institution in the district of Barranquilla between 2017 and 2019. Results: A total of 147 patients were reported. Of them, 68% were male and 32% were female. The majority of patients were in the age range of 20 to 44 years (45.6%). Unskilled workers accounted for 83.7% of the sample, and 67.3% were affiliated with the subsidized health insurance scheme. Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 72.8% of the patients and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in 27.2%. Concomitant HIV infection was reported in 21.1% of the patients. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (7.5%) and malnutrition (6.8%). All patients had drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Conclusion: The results of this study showed sociodemographic and clinical patterns similar to those reported in Colombia; thus, they are valuable tools to strengthen surveillance and control strategies for this public health concern.

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad principalmente pulmonar, causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, que puede afectar a cualquier persona. Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis notificados en una institución de salud del distrito de Barranquilla, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en el que se revisó de forma retrospectiva la base de datos del sistema de vigilancia de pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en una institución de salud del distrito de Barranquilla durante los años 2017 y 2019. Resultados: Se notificaron 147 pacientes, de los cuales, el 68 % eran hombres y el 32 % mujeres. La edad de la mayoría de los pacientes osciló entre los 20 y 44 años (45,6 %). El 83,7 % eran trabajadores no calificados y el 67,3 % estaban afiliados al régimen subsidiado en salud. El 72,8 % de los pacientes tenía tuberculosis pulmonar y el 27,2 % extrapulmonar. La infección concomitante con VIH se registró en el 21,1 % de los pacientes y entre las comorbilidades más frecuentes se registraron la diabetes (7,5 %) y la desnutrición (6,8 %). Todos los pacientes presentaron tuberculosis sensible al tratamiento. Conclusión: Los resultados descritos en el presente estudio tuvieron un comportamiento sociodemográfico y clínico similar a los registrados en Colombia, los cuales sirven como herramienta para fortalecer las estrategias de vigilancia y control de este evento de interés en salud pública.

Abstract As it is an infrequent etiology, the diagnosis of perianal tuberculosis is challenging, especially in the absence of a pulmonary focus. TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of perianal ulcers, fistulas, abscesses, mainly in non-healing and recurrent anal lesions. Treatment with anti-TB agents can provide complete recovery. Furthermore, these lesions are often diagnosed later after complete histopathological and mycobacterial results, where the benefit of avoiding morbid multiple surgeries by effective anti-TB treatment is lost. We reported a rare case of an immuno-competent patient with perianal TB, which was the first manifestation of the disease. A fit-and-well man in his 20s presented a large perianal abscess. Unexpectedly, his chest X-ray showed a rounded hyper-transparency in the left lung. The abscess was drained. Posterior investigation with culture analysis from pus swabs and sputum revealed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection. After completing the 6 months of oral administration of anti-TB drugs, the patient was asymptomatic. By highlighting this unusual manifestation, we aim to improve clinicians' awareness of perianal TB, facilitating early recognition and appropriate management. etiology challenging focus ulcers fistulas abscesses nonhealing non healing antiTB anti recovery Furthermore results lost immunocompetent immuno competent disease fitandwell fit well s Unexpectedly Xray X ray hypertransparency hyper transparency lung drained infection drugs asymptomatic clinicians management

ABSTRACT Tuberculous mastitis (TM) is a rare cause of breast disease. The test sensitivity for TM is low and sometimes characterized by idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Both have different treatments; however, many patients are treated with presumptive TM (P-TM). We present fifteen women with confirmed TM or P-TM. We found 4% (5/124) of TM and 8% (10/124) of P-TM, grouped according to their diagnosis, with no differences between them, except for follow-up and treatment time. P-TM is an entity that must be considered based on clinical and radiological suspicion and is associated with presumptive pathological data. (TM disease treatments however PTM. PTM P . (P-TM) TM. 4 5/124 5124 5 124 (5/124 8 10/124 10124 10 (10/124 PTM, TM, diagnosis them followup follow up time data (P-TM 5/12 512 12 (5/12 10/12 1012 1 (10/12 5/1 51 (5/1 10/1 101 (10/1 5/ (5/ 10/ (10/ (5 (10 ( (1

ABSTRACT Objective: Enlargement of the adrenal glands and variable adrenocortical function have been reported in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and, in a few studies, in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, none of the studies have evaluated the course of the adrenal morphology in these patients. Subjects and methods: Prospective study including 37 patients with EPTB and 37 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The adrenal function was evaluated by measurement of cortisol levels at baseline and after stimulation with ACTH (Acton Prolongatum) before and 6 months after antituberculosis treatment. The size of both adrenal glands was evaluated using 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scanning before and 6 months after treatment. The findings were compared with those in a group of healthy matched controls. Results: Clinical and biochemical parameters were comparable between groups. The mean baseline serum cortisol level was significantly lower in the EPTB group (397.1 ± 184.9 nmol/L) compared with the control group (696.3 ± 101.8 nmol/L). Compared with controls, patients with EPTB had significantly lower mean cortisol levels at baseline and 1 hour after ACTH, both before (397 ± 184.9 nmol/L and 750.7 ± 176.8 nmol/L, respectively) and after (529.7 ± 100.4 nmol/L and 1017.2 ± 119.7 nmol/L, respectively) antituberculosis treatment. Both the length and thickness of the right and left adrenal glands were greater in patients with EPTB than in controls but became comparable to those in controls after treatment completion. Conclusions: Patients with EPTB have an enlarged adrenal size and low baseline and stimulated serum cortisol levels. After treatment completion, cortisol levels increased significantly, and the adrenal size normalized in these patients. Objective EPTB. . (EPTB) However methods 3 age sexmatched sex Acton Prolongatum 64slice slice 64 CT (CT Results groups 397.1 3971 397 (397. 1849 184 9 184. nmolL nmol L 696.3 6963 696 (696. 1018 101 8 101. nmol/L. (39 7507 750 7 750. 1768 176 176. respectively 529.7 5297 529 (529. 1004 100 4 100. 10172 1017 2 1017. 1197 119 119. completion Conclusions (EPTB 397. 39 18 696. 69 (696 10 (3 75 17 529. 52 (529 11 (69 ( 5 (52 (6 (5

Background: Histopathological analysis of tissue samples is an ancillary complementary diagnostic tool in tuberculosis (TB) with variable sensitivity and specificity according to different clinical settings. We evaluated the spectrum of histological findings, their diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic utility, and requests over time in a sample of archival biopsies. Methods: Analysis of biopsies of confirmed TB cases between years 2011-2019 at a reference hospital in Chile. Results: The series included patients with a histological study for TB confirmed by culture (88.9%) or PCR (11.1%). In total, 34 samples were available for analysis, most of them of extrapulmonary origin (82.4%). Biopsies were taken before the start of treatment in 26 cases (76.5%) or after the start-end of treatment for different reasons in 8 cases (23.5%). Restricting the analysis to the group with pretreatment biopsies, the prevalence/diagnostic sensitivity of granulomas was 93.3%, 69.2% for caseous necrosis, 26.9% for granulomas with caseous necrosis without acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and 46.2% for AFB in any histological context. A histological score was constructed to evaluate the homogeneity of lesions, observing that 76.9% had at least four of the six components of the score. The request for biopsies was maintained over time despite the increase in the use of molecular techniques. The presence of AFB contributed to the diagnosis before microbiological results in 23.1% of the cases. Conclusions: Histological study continues to contribute to the diagnosis of TB, especially in extrapulmonary forms.

RESUMEN El análisis histopatológico de muestras de tejidos es una metodología antigua y auxiliar para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis (TB) con sensibilidad y especificidad variable de acuerdo al escenario clínico. Evaluamos el espectro de los hallazgos histológicos, su sensibilidad diagnóstica, su utilidad diagnóstica y cambios de solicitud en el tiempo. Métodos: Análisis de biopsias de casos de TB confirmados entre los años 2011-2019 en un hospital de referencia en Chile. Resultados: La serie incluye pacientes con estudio histológico por TB confirmados por cultivo (88,9%) o PCR (11,1%). En total se contó con 34 muestras para análisis, en su mayoría de origen extrapulmonar (82,4%). Las biopsias fueron tomadas antes del inicio del tratamiento en 26 casos (76,5%) o luego del inicio o al finalizar el tratamiento por diferentes razones en 8 casos (23,5%). Restringiendo el análisis al grupo con biopsias pretratamiento, la prevalencia/sensibilidad diagnóstica de granulomas fue de 93,3%, de necrosis caseosa 69,2%, de granulomas con necrosis caseosa sin bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes (BAAR) de 26,9% y de BAAR en cualquier contexto histológico de 46,2%. Se construyó un score histológico para ver homogeneidad de lesiones, observando que el 76,9% tenía al menos 4 de los 6 componentes del score. La solicitud de biopsias se mantuvo en el tiempo a pesar del incremento de técnicas moleculares. La presencia de BAAR contribuyó al diagnóstico antes que los resultados microbiológicos en el 23,1% de los casos. Conclusiones: El estudio histológico sigue contribuyendo al diagnóstico, especialmente en las formas extrapulmonares de TB.

Resumen Tenosinovitis es la inflamación o infección de un tendón y su vaina sinovial. Una de las causas puede ser bacteriana. Los gérmenes comunes son los más frecuentes, pero deben investigarse también las micobacterias. En la Argentina, la tuberculosis es un problema de salud pública. Mycobacterium bovis ocasiona zoonosis que afectan animales y humanos. La infección en el hombre se da por inhalación de aerosoles de ganado enfermo, por vía digestiva o cutánea. Las manifestaciones extrapulmonares pueden ser digestivas, ganglionares, cutáneas u osteoarticulares. La tenosinovitis tuberculosa de muñeca es infrecuente y, generalmente, es diagnosticada como tenosinovitis reumática o inespecífica. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 48 años, residente de zona rural, que presentaba hipertrofia y edema en dedos de la mano izquierda. Se le realizó cirugía del túnel carpiano y se observaron cuerpos como granos de arroz. Del tejido sinovial se aisló M. bovis. Comenzó tratamiento tuberculostático más claritromicina. Evolucionó favorablemente.

Resumo A tenossinovite é a inflamação ou infecção de um tendão e sua bainha sinovial. A causa pode ser bacteriana, sendo os germes comuns os mais frequentes, mas as micobactérias devem ser investigadas. Na Argentina, a tuberculose é um problema de saúde pública. Mycobacterium bovis causa zoonose que afeta animais e humanos. A infecção no homem ocorre por inalação de aerossóis de gado doente, por via digestiva ou cutânea. As manifestações extrapulmonares podem ser digestivas, ganglionares, cutâneas, osteoarticulares. A tenossinovite tuberculosa do pulso é pouco frequente, geralmente diagnosticada como tenossinovite reumática ou inespecífica. Apresenta-se o caso de uma mulher de 48 anos, moradora de zona rural, com hipertrofia e edema nos dedos da mão esquerda. Foi realizada cirurgia do túnel do carpo, observando-se corpos como grãos de arroz. Do tecido sinovial foi isolado M. bovis. Iniciou-se tratamento tuberculostático mais claritromicina. Evoluiu favoravelmente.

Abstract Tenosynovitis is an inflammation or infection of a tendon and its synovial sheath. One cause of this illness may be bacterial, being common organisms more frequent, but mycobacteria should be also investigated. In Argentina, tuberculosis is a public health problem. Mycobacterium bovis causes zoonoses that affect animals and humans. Infection in man occurs by inhalation of aerosols from sick cattle, by digestive or cutaneous routes. Extrapulmonary manifestations can be digestive, nodal, cutaneous or osteoarticular. Tuberculous wrist tenosynovitis is uncommon, usually diagnosed as rheumatic or nonspecific tenosynovitis. The case of a 48-year-old woman, a resident of rural areas, presenting hypertrophy, and edema in the fingers of the left hand was introduced. Carpal tunnel surgery was performed, while rice grain bodies were noticed. Synovial tissue material was taken for mycobacterial culture, where M. bovis was isolated. She began tuberculostatic treatment plus clarithromycin. She evolved favourably.