Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the critical scenario that occurs in article 306 of the Penal Code, which criminalises the offence of usurpation of plant breeders’ rights, based on the figure of the error of prohibition. The way in which peasants incur in this legal situation is analysed, insofar as, as a specially protected group, they depend on traditional practices that they use on a daily basis, as well as on native or creole seeds to guarantee their food sovereignty. The documentary analysis methodology chosen made it possible to study and carry out an external analysis based on a systematic interpretative approach, the set of norms of domestic, international and supranational law on plant varieties, as well as jurisprudence and specialised doctrine in this field. As a contribution, the article concludes that, in a State governed by the rule of law, the error of prohibition as a figure is key for all individuals, including peasants, to act with security and confidence, without fear of being penalised for acts that, in addition to being considered lawful, are fundamental for their subsistence and food sovereignty.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o cenário crítico que ocorre no artigo 306 do Código Penal, que criminaliza o delito de usurpação de direitos de obtentores vegetais, com base na figura do erro de proibição. É analisada a forma como os camponeses incorrem nessa situação jurídica, na medida em que, como grupo especialmente protegido, dependem de práticas tradicionais que utilizam cotidianamente sementes nativas ou crioulas para garantir sua soberania alimentar. A metodologia de análise documental escolhida permitiu estudar e realizar uma análise externa, a partir de uma abordagem interpretativa sistemática, do conjunto de normas de direito interno, internacional e supranacional sobre obtenções vegetais, bem como da jurisprudência e da doutrina especializada nesse campo. Como contribuição, o artigo conclui que, em um Estado de direito, o erro de proibição como figura é fundamental para que todos os indivíduos, o que inclui os camponeses, possam agir com segurança e confiança, sem medo de serem penalizados por atos que, além de serem considerados lícitos, são fundamentais para sua subsistência e soberania alimentar.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el escenario crítico que se da en el artículo 306 del Código Penal, que penaliza el delito de usurpación de los derechos de obtentores vegetales; ello, desde la figura del error de prohibición. Se analiza la forma en cómo los campesinos incurren en esta situación jurídica, en tanto que, como grupo de especial protección, dependen de prácticas tradicionales que a diario utilizan, así como de las semillas nativas o criollas para garantizar su soberanía alimentaria. La metodología de análisis documental escogida permitió estudiar y realizar un análisis externo desde un enfoque interpretativo sistemático, el conjunto de normas de derecho interno, internacional y supranacional sobre obtenciones vegetales, así como la jurisprudencia y la doctrina especializada en este ámbito. Como aporte, el artículo concluye que, en un Estado de Derecho, el error de prohibición como figura es clave para que todos los individuos, incluidos los campesinos, actúen con seguridad y confianza, sin temor a ser penalizados por actos que además de considerar son lícitos, son fundamentales para su subsistencia y soberanía alimentaria.

Education systems are shaped by various internal and external contextual forces (De Beer, 2017). External contextual trends typically include language, demography, geography, technology, politics, and financial and economic trends. Religion represents one of these external contextual trends that can affect an education system (see Van der Walt, Potgieter & Wolhuter, 2010; Wolhuter & Van der Walt, 2018). Making use of established metabletic-comparative methodology, this article seeks to highlight the impact of religion as a formative factor of education in the BRICS countries. Religion is treated significantly differently in the education systems of the BRICS member states. In schools in India and China, no religious activities are allowed in accordance with the respective constitutions, while any religious activities may take place in schools in Brazil, Russia and South Africa, provided that the activities comply with particular guidelines. Broadly considered, any religious activities are conducted in primary schools in Brazil, provided that attendance is voluntary. Religion in Brazilian schools is influenced by the strong position of the Roman Catholic faith in Brazilian society, which could potentially be detrimental to minority groups in Brazil (Senefonte, 2018:440). Learners in Russia, according to Russian law, are free to choose for themselves the religious module in which they wish to receive education. Schools in Russia do not, however, always implement this legislation correctly, since a school's resources actually determine which module the learners should take. The manner in which religion is being dealt with, causes unhappiness among learners and parents as they do not really have freedom of choice regarding the religious module in which they wish to receive instruction (Zöllner, 2016). The legislation in China clearly states that no religious activities may take place in public schools, yet the ruling party of China intends to enshrine tenets of atheism in learners in schools (Vickers, 2022; Wang & Froese, 2020). Compared to the other BRICS member states, China has the most officially, constitutionally recognised ethnic groups. In terms of legislation and policy formulations, the ethnic minority groups obtain various benefits in terms of education. The wide variety of ethnic groupings poses various challenges to the government of China as the views of all these groups in the education system have to be taken into account. Various documents, including the South African Schools Act 76 of 1996, and other education policies provide clear guidelines as to how religion ought to be dealt with in South African schools. In South Africa, learners are taught various major deities worldwide. All learners in South Africa are exposed to the concept of religion through the subject Life Orientation (Grades 7-12). Teachers in South Africaface the challenge of respecting all kinds of religions and not preaching their own views on a religion. This challenge of respecting all religions can result in conflict in schools, as learners may feel that they will be discriminated against if one type of religion is singled out, for example during assembly. This underscores the role and value of South African teachers in inculcating citizenship values (see Wolhuter, Janmaat, Van der Walt & Potgieter, 2020). The Government of India faces opposition from minority groups with regard to religion in schools as the socio-political hegemony religion is especially preferred in terms of the drafting of academic textbooks (Traub, 2018). This preferential treatment of a particular religion is contrary to the Indian constitution, as no single religion may be singled out, nor should any religion be discriminated against (Majumdar, 2018). The preference given to a particular religion in textbooks can result in a negative impact on the education system of India. The analysis and interpretation show that there is still a close relationship between religion and education in the BRICS countries. However, all five BRICS member states face different problems regarding religion and each of the five member states also deals with its problems differently. This conclusion is now unpacked in this summary, and in detail defended in the ensuing full text. In terms of dealing with religion, South Africa appears to be more tolerant than Brazil, Russia, India and China, although this tolerance still causes more problems for the South African government, in the sense of opposition from various adherents of a wide variety of faith groupings who would like schools to play a role in strengthening the religious beliefs of their children. Several court cases have been fought in South Africa as schools struggle to accommodate the wishes of all religious groups in South Africa (see Nthontho, 2020). In contrast to forces in all the BRICS countries trying to separate religion and (public) education, the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, the proto-charter of Human Rights Charters in the contemporary world, Article 26 states that everyone has the right to education, education should be oriented towards the total development of the child's personality, and that parents have a preferential right to decide on the type of education their children should receive. The BRICS member states can learn from each other how to deal with religion in schools, even though none have yet managed to deal satisfactorily with religion in education. The common factor among all five BRICS countries is that religion is used again and again (consciously or unconsciously) to reinforce political or ideological hegemony. It seems that the shortcoming in all these countries is pointing to a lack of recognition of the place and role of religion in the lives of their citizens and that secular-political objectives, notably the forcing of official ideological hegemony, as well as the achievement of national unity above the full recognition of religious freedom, are also stated in the education system and in citizens 'choice of the kind of religious education of their children. As a result, the role of religion in creating a strong moral fibre for a society therefore never seems to come into its own. Moreover, judging by the United Nations Charter's Human Rights provisions on education, educative education (incl. teaching and learning), in accordance with its full scope of semantic value, does not currently come into its own. The same seems to be the case as regards the human right to parental advocacy with respect to religious education. The experience of the BRICS countries in terms of religion-in-education shows that it is sensible and even necessary, for example, along the path of enlarged parental speech in education and school autonomy, to allow more room for religious freedom in education. The BRICS countries are currently being proposed as the leading grouping of the Global South in a new formative world order. Against this background, current trends regarding religion-in-education in these countries therefore probably represent a bold example. However, it should nonetheless be denounced by the academic community and better examples should subsequently be extracted and presented from other national education systems from future research.

'n Onderwysstelsel word deur verskeie samelewingskontekstuele kragte gevorm. Hierdie kontekstuele faktore sluit taal, demografie, geografie, tegnologie, politiek en finansiële en ekonomiese tendense in. Godsdiens is een van die laasgenoemde tendense wat 'n onderwys-stelsel kan beïnvloed. Die BRICS-organisasie bestaan uit Brasilië, Rusland, Indië, Sjina en Suid-Afrika en is 'n supra-nasionale blok wat baie aandag in die openbare sowel as akademiese diskoers oor internasionale politiek en maatskaplike kwessies trek (De Beer, 2017). Godsdiens word wyd geag as 'n omstrede en sensitiewe faktor in onderwysstelsels (sien Van der Walt, Potgieter & Wolhuter, 2010). In hierdie artikel word godsdiens as vormgewende faktor van die onderwysstelsels in die BRICS-lande ondersoek, om die waarde daarvan as 'n aanskouingsles vir Suid-Afrika en ander lande te bepaal. Die BRICS-lidlande is doelbewus vir hierdie navorsing gekies weens die besondere waarde van hierdie lande as vertoonvenster van onderwysstelsels se antwoord op samelewingstendense van die een-en-twintigste eeu. Dokumentontleding is uitgevoer ten opsigte van beleidsdokumente, wetgewing, artikels en staatspublikasies, ten einde inligting in te samel. In die verwerking en interpretasie van inligting is die metableties-vergelykende metode gebruik ten einde beste praktyke ten opsigte van die hantering van godsdiens in die onderwysstelsels vanuit die BRICS-lidlande te identifiseer. Die ondersoek het ernstige tekortkominge in al die BRICS-lande se hantering van godsdiens in onderwys aan die lig gebring. Nie een van die lande se beleid of praktyk slaag die toets, soos gemeet aan die Verenigde Nasies se Handves van Menseregte nie. Die noodsaak van voortgesette navorsing oor die plek van godsdiens in die onderwysstelsels van die wêreld word ten slotte verduidelik.

Resumen En el contexto actual, es especialmente importante que las universidades se vinculen con la comunidad e instituciones externas. La sociedad demanda que las instituciones académicas se comprometan verdaderamente con el desarrollo de soluciones a los problemas prioritarios del entorno, para lograr una transformación social y económica real. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia de la motivación y el apoyo organizacional en los resultados de extensión universitaria de docentes y estudiantes de posgrado. Se realizó una encuesta a 50 participantes de programas de doctorado en ciencias e ingeniería de una universidad pública de Chile, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados a través de un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales con Mínimos Cuadrados Parciales (PLS-SEM). Los hallazgos muestran que los factores motivacionales tienen una influencia directa, fuerte y significativa en los resultados individuales de extensión y, también, actúan como una variable mediadora del apoyo organizacional. Las motivaciones más relevantes están relacionadas con el deseo de fortalecer el campo disciplinario, investigar colaborativamente y generar conocimiento con impacto en la sociedad y el territorio. En conclusión, el estudio proporciona resultados exploratorios valiosos sobre la relación entre la motivación y el apoyo organizacional, así como la efectividad de las acciones de extensión universitaria. Estos hallazgos ofrecen información clave para que las instituciones de educación superior desarrollen políticas y estrategias destinadas a mejorar su vinculación con sus grupos de interés externos

Abstract Universities' engagement with the community and external institutions is particularly important in the current context. Society demands from academic institutions a real commitment to developing solutions to prioritize environmental problems to achieve a genuine social and economic transformation. This research aims to analyze the influence of motivation and organizational support on the results of engagement with the community and external institutions of teachers and students of postgraduate programs. A survey was carried out on 50 participants from doctoral programs in science and engineering at a public university in Chile, selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The data obtained were analyzed through a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The findings show that motivational factors directly, strongly, and significantly influence individual engagement results with the community and external institutions and act as mediator variables for organizational support. The most relevant motivations are related to the desire to strengthen the disciplinary field, collaborate in research, and generate knowledge with an impact on society and the territory. In conclusion, the study provides valuable exploratory findings on the relationship between motivation and organizational support, as well as the effectiveness of engagement actions with the community and external institutions. These findings provide key information for higher education institutions to develop policies and strategies aimed at improving their engagement with external stakeholders.

Resumo No contexto atual, o envolvimento das universidades com a comunidade e instituições externas é particularmente importante. A sociedade exige que as instituições acadêmicas se comprometam verdadeiramente no desenvolvimento de soluções para os problemas prioritários da comunidade, visando alcançar uma transformação social e econômica real. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a influência da motivação e do suporte organizacional nos resultados da Extensão universitária de professores e estudantes de programas de pós-graduação. Foi realizado um levantamento com 50 participantes de programas de doutorado em ciências e engenharia de uma universidade pública no Chile, selecionados por amostragem não probabilística intencional. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de um Modelo de Equações Estruturais de Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS-SEM). Os resultados mostram que os fatores motivacionais têm uma influência direta, forte e significativa nos resultados individuais de extensão, e também atuam como uma variável mediadora do suporte organizacional. As motivações mais relevantes estão relacionadas ao desejo de fortalecer o campo disciplinar, colaborar em pesquisas e gerar conhecimento com impacto na sociedade e no território. Em conclusão, o estudo fornece descobertas exploratórias valiosas sobre a relação entre motivação e suporte organizacional, bem como a eficácia das ações de extensão universitária. Essas descobertas fornecem informações importantes para as instituições de ensino superior desenvolverem políticas e estratégias destinadas a melhorar seu envolvimento com seus grupos de interesse externos.

Abstract The concept of “Cumulative Life Course Impairment” (CLCI) characterizes the set of factors harmful to the lives of patients resulting from the stigma and physical and psychological impairment associated with different chronic diseases, which can accumulate irreversibly over the course of patients lives. The sum of these factors often makes it impossible for these individuals to enjoy their lives fully, intensely and adequately. On the other hand, CLCI also incorporates coping strategies, including external factors and personality characteristics, which may act as modulating or protective factors of vulnerability to the CLCI. Although psoriasis is the most studied dermatological disease in relation to its impact on quality of life and CLCI, several other chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and alopecia areata have also been evaluated in relation to the magnitude of the damage to patients lives. Cumulative Impairment (CLCI fully adequately hand strategies characteristics dermatitis suppurativa

ABSTRACT: Censorship occurs in contexts where dominant discourses establish the invisibility of subterranean memories; thus, artworks act as vehicles of memories by their external symbols. The research presents case studies on the censorship of the individual exhibition ‘ El Tercer Mundo ’ by MAx Provenzano at the Museum of Art in Valencia, Venezuela, and the unexpected closure of the collective exhibition ‘ Queermuseu: Cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira ’ at the Santander Cultural in Brazil, in the years 2015 and 2017, respectively. The mechanisms of censorship were analyzed to identify subterranean memories in art exhibitions, as discursive practices to determine control over cultural memory through power conflicts. Furthermore, discursive and ideological formations were analyzed to understand the elements behind the acts of censorship, in order to understand divergent narratives reflecting on the different identities and memories of Latin American regions. ABSTRACT thus symbols Valencia Venezuela Queermuseu Brazil 201 2017 respectively exhibitions conflicts Furthermore regions 20 2

RESUMEN: La censura sucede en contextos donde se establecen discursos dominantes que invisibilizan memorias subterráneas, de tal manera, as obras de arte actúan como vehículos de memorias mediante sus símbolos externos. La investigación presenta casos de estudio sobre la censura de la exposición individual ‘El Tercer Mundo’ de MAx Provenzano en el Museo de Arte de Valencia en Venezuela y la clausura inesperada de la exposición colectiva ‘ Queermuseu: Cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira ’ en el Santander Cultural en Brasil, en los años de 2015 y 2017, respectivamente. Se analizaron los mecanismos de censura para identificar las memorias subterráneas en exposiciones de arte, como práctica discursiva para determinar el control de la memoria cultural a través de conflictos de poder. Además, se analizaron las formaciones discursivas e ideológicas para conocer los elementos sobre las acciones de censura, para comprender las narrativas divergentes que reflexionan sobre las diferentes identidades y memorias de las regiones latinoamericanas. RESUMEN manera externos El Mundo Queermuseu Brasil 201 2017 respectivamente poder Además latinoamericanas 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mental health of children and adolescents according to Calista Roy’s theory. Method: Quantitative research was carried out with caregivers or guardians of children and adolescents in Lagarto/SE - BR from November 2022 to March 2023. Data was collected using sociodemographic and clinical characterization of the child/adolescent and Goodman’s Capabilities and Difficulties Questionnaire, analyzed by relative and absolute frequency and association. Results: Of the 102 children and adolescents, 59% had a clinical profile suggesting mental health problems, with the hyperactivity and inattention domain standing out. The adaptive modes were found to be integrated, the physiological with greater cohesion and the self-concept with more remarkable alteration. Conclusion: The results suggest the presence of mental health problems, with the maintenance of adaptive processes, in which Roy’s modes respond in a coordinated way to external stimuli. Nursing can act to strengthen protective factors, promoting mental well-being in children and adolescents. Objective Roys Roy s theory Method LagartoSE Lagarto SE 202 2023 childadolescent child adolescent Goodmans Goodman Questionnaire association Results 10 59 problems integrated selfconcept self concept alteration Conclusion processes stimuli factors wellbeing well being 20 1 5 2

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes de acordo com a teoria de Calista Roy. Método: pesquisa quantitativa realizada com cuidadores e/ou responsáveis de crianças e adolescentes do município de Lagarto/SE - BR, de novembro de 2022 a março de 2023. Realizou-se a coleta de dados com caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica da criança/adolescente, além do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, de Goodman, analisados por frequência relativa e absoluta e associação. Resultados: das 102 crianças e adolescentes, 59% apresentaram perfil clínico, sugerindo problemas de saúde mental, com destaque para o domínio de hiperatividade e falta de atenção. Os modos adaptativos se mostraram integrados, o fisiológico com maior coesão e o autoconceito com maior alteração. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem presença de problemas de saúde mental, com manutenção dos processos adaptativos, em que os modos de Roy respondem de maneira coordenada aos estímulos externos. A enfermagem pode atuar no fortalecimento de fatores protetores, promovendo bem-estar mental a crianças e adolescentes. Objetivo Método eou ou LagartoSE Lagarto SE BR 202 2023 Realizouse Realizou criançaadolescente criança adolescente criança/adolescente Dificuldades Goodman associação Resultados 10 59 clínico atenção integrados alteração Conclusão externos protetores bemestar bem estar 20 1 5 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la salud mental de niños y adolescentes según la teoría de Calista Roy. Método: Investigación cuantitativa realizada con cuidadores y/o tutores de niños y adolescentes del municipio de Lagarto/SE - BR, de noviembre de 2022 a marzo de 2023. Los datos fueron recolectados con una caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica del niño/adolescente, así como el Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades de Goodman, analizados por frecuencia y asociación relativa y absoluta. Resultados: De los 102 niños y adolescentes, el 59% presentaba un perfil clínico que sugería problemas de salud mental, especialmente en el ámbito de la hiperactividad y la falta de atención. Los modos adaptativos se mostraron integrados, el fisiológico con mayor cohesión y el autoconcepto con mayor alteración. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren la presencia de problemas de salud mental, con mantenimiento de los procesos adaptativos, en los que los modos de Roy responden de forma coordinada a los estímulos externos. La enfermería puede actuar para fortalecer los factores protectores, promoviendo el bienestar mental en niños y adolescentes. Objetivo Método yo o LagartoSE Lagarto SE BR 202 2023 niñoadolescente niño adolescente niño/adolescente Goodman absoluta Resultados 10 59 atención integrados alteración Conclusión externos protectores 20 1 5 2

This article analyses the importance of the solvency capital requirement (hereafter SCR) and the minimum capital requirement (hereafter MCR) formulae and why an insurer's external auditor should audit these and disclose its contents in the insurer's financial statements. When calculating the SCR, the reason for requiring such a disclosure is to allow the Prudential Authority an opportunity to understand whether the assumptions, parameters and techniques (also referred to as economic considerations) applied by actuaries comply with section 36 of the Insurance Act 18 of 2017. Administrative costs and written premiums are considered when calculating the MCR, although written premiums could be subjected to different interpretations, which might affect this formula. Accordingly, had Constantia Insurance Company Limited's auditor audited these formulae in 2018 and disclosed their contents in the financial statements, the Prudential Authority would have commenced liquidation procedures in 2019, not choosing instead to wait and monitor the company's solvency requirements on a weekly basis for four years. As a result, owing to the lack of transparency in the financial statements and non-compliance with the SCR and MCR, Constantia spent nearly R733 000 000 over the three-year period to fund its business activities.

Shareholder loans are often used as an alternative to traditional third-party loans or equity especially for private companies in various jurisdictions, including South Africa, to finance their business activities. These loans provide companies with greater flexibility to meet their financing needs, i.e., there is no need to seek external financing while offering shareholders a potentially profitable investment opportunity. However, the legal nature of shareholder loans could pose complex legal questions and this form of loans may not necessarily be as straightforward as it first appears. This article explores the legal framework and practical considerations surrounding shareholder loans in South Africa in small private companies, with a focus on developments in case law and their implications for companies and shareholders. Amongst other issues, the application of the principle of arbitrium boni viri to the interpretation and enforcement of these agreements will be discussed. The article aims to provide a critical analysis of the legal questions associated with shareholder loans in South Africa.

Resumen Este trabajo presenta un análisis de las imágenes de los kurdos, Kurdistán, y la frontera que Bahman Ghobadi construye en los filmes Turtles Can Fly (2004) y Halfmoon (2006). La investigación se enfoca en el valor del cine como medio propicio para que los kurdos como comunidad marginada produzcan sus propias representaciones. Además de abordar la relevancia del medio cinematográfico en la creación y circulación de contenidos simbólicos, este estudio busca enfatizar su capacidad para configurar estos contenidos e incidir políticamente en una problemática sociohistórica contemporánea. Se plantea que al presentar a los kurdos como víctimas de la guerra y mostrar a Kurdistán como un territorio poseedor de fronteras propias, los filmes seleccionados fungen como contra-visualidades, pues cuestionan tanto la legitimidad de las fronteras de los estados nacionales en los que fue dividido Kurdistán como las representaciones sesgadas sobre los kurdos que han elaborado agentes externos.

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the images of the Kurds, Kurdistan, and the border crafted by Bahman Ghobadi in the films Turtles Can Fly (2004) and Halfmoon (2006). The research focuses on the value of cinema as a favorable medium for Kurds to produce their own representations as a marginalized community. In addition to addressing the relevance of the cinematic medium in the creation and circulation of symbolic content, this study seeks to emphasize its ability to shape this content and politically influence a contemporary socio-historical issue. It is proposed that by presenting the Kurds as victims of war and showing Kurdistan as a territory with its own borders, the selected films act as counter-visuals, as they question both the legitimacy of the borders of the nation-states into which Kurdistan was divided and the biased representations of the Kurds that have been made by external agents.

This qualitative case study set out to explore how teacher voice was manifested in their practices in curriculum change contexts, utilising the meta-theoretical paradigm of social constructivism and the theoretical framework of social cognitive theory. Data capture comprised a mix of semi-structured interviews and classroom observations conducted over a period of 1 year. Data were analysed using the content analysis method. The findings reveal that perceptions of structural suppression influenced teachers' sense of agency, which led to a unique construction of teacher voice. The range and scope of teacher agency was underpinned by subservience to the "legislated policy" and predetermined teacher voice, which influenced teachers' cognitive processes of their capacity to satisfy both internal and external requirements. The central position in this article, however, holds that some teachers can find space to explore possibilities within limitations, which enable and circumscribe subaltern subjectivity and agency, to develop a balanced teacher voice.

Abstract o:Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar publicaciones previas sobre las innovaciones de proceso adoptadas por la administración pública y sus impactos desde la visión deseada por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), especialmente en lo que se refiere al Objetivo 16: Paz, Justicia e Instituciones efectivas. Para ello, primero se realizó una revisión sistemática, utilizando el protocolo internacional de Tranfield, Denyer y Smart (2003) y soporte de análisis de contenido, con base en los principios enumerados en el World Public Sector Report 2019. Los principales resultados mostraron que los impactos internos y externos derivados de las innovaciones adoptadas por las organizaciones públicas están directamente relacionados con el ODS 16, especialmente en lo que respecta a las metas 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.10 y 16.b, y los principios de eficacia, transparencia, responsabilidad, anticorrupción, inclusividad de los procesos de decisión. social, el acceso a la información y la no discriminación, enumerados en el Informe Mundial del Sector Público 2019. Se concluye que las prácticas internas adoptadas por las instituciones públicas pueden actuar como palanca para alcanzar las metas propuestas por la Agenda 2030. Como aporte práctico, el estudio proporciona una base y justificación para las decisiones administrativas para apoyar la implementación de innovaciones de procesos, enfatizando los beneficios tanto a nivel interno, para la organización, como externo, para el ciudadano. oEsta o Esta ODS, , (ODS) 16 Paz efectivas ello sistemática Tranfield 2003 (2003 contenido 2019 165 5 16.5 166 6 16.6 167 7 16.7 1610 10 16.1 16b b 16.b eficacia transparencia responsabilidad anticorrupción decisión social discriminación 2030 práctico interno organización externo ciudadano (ODS 1 200 (200 201 16. 161 203 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract This research aims to analyze previous publications on process innovations adopted by the public administration and their impacts, from the vision desired by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially with regard to Objective 16: Peace, Justice and Effective Institutions. For this, a systematic review was first carried out, using the international protocol of Tranfield, Denyer and Smart (2003) and content analysis support, based on the principles listed in the World Public Sector Report of 2019. The main results showed that the internal and external impacts, resulting from the innovations adopted by public organizations, are directly related to SDG 16, especially with regard to targets 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.10 and 16.b, and to the principles of effectiveness, transparency, responsibility, anti-corruption, inclusiveness of the processes of decision-making, access to information and non-discrimination, listed in the World Public Sector Report of 2019. It is concluded that the internal practices adopted by public institutions can act as a lever to achieve the goals proposed by the 2030 Agenda. As a practical contribution, the study provides a basis and justification for administrative decisions to support the implementation of process innovations, emphasizing the benefits both internally, for the organization, and externally, for the citizen. impacts SDGs, SDGs , (SDGs) 16 Peace Institutions this out Tranfield 2003 (2003 2019 organizations 165 5 16.5 166 6 16.6 167 7 16.7 1610 10 16.1 16b b 16.b effectiveness transparency responsibility anticorruption, anticorruption anti corruption, corruption anti-corruption decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, making decision-making nondiscrimination, nondiscrimination non discrimination, discrimination non-discrimination 203 Agenda contribution internally organization externally citizen (SDGs 1 200 (200 201 16. 161 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as publicações pregressas sobre as inovações de processo adotadas pela administração pública e seus impactos, a partir da visão almejada pelos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), em especial ao que se refere ao Objetivo 16: Paz, Justiça e Instituições Eficazes. Para isso, primeiramente foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, com a utilização do protocolo internacional de Tranfield, Denyer e Smart (2003) e apoio de análise de conteúdo, tendo como base os princípios elencados no Relatório Mundial do Setor Público de 2019. Os principais resultados demonstraram que os impactos internos e externos, decorrentes das inovações adotadas pelas organizações públicas, estão diretamente relacionados ao ODS 16, principalmente no que tange às metas 16.5, 16.6, 16.7, 16.10 e 16.b, e aos princípios de eficácia, transparência, responsabilidade, anticorrupção, inclusividade nos processos de tomada de decisão, acesso à informação e não discriminação, elencados no Relatório Mundial do Setor Público de 2019. Conclui-se que as práticas internas adotadas pelas instituições públicas podem funcionar como alavancador para o atingimento das metas propostas pela Agenda 2030. Como contribuição prática, o estudo proporciona embasamento e justificativa para as decisões administrativas de apoio à implementação de inovações de processo, enfatizando os benefícios tanto internamente, para a organização, quanto externamente, para o cidadão. ODS, , (ODS) 16 Paz Eficazes isso sistemática Tranfield 2003 (2003 conteúdo 2019 externos 165 5 16.5 166 6 16.6 167 7 16.7 1610 10 16.1 16b b 16.b eficácia transparência responsabilidade anticorrupção decisão discriminação Concluise Conclui 2030 prática internamente organização externamente cidadão (ODS 1 200 (200 201 16. 161 203 20 (20 2 (2 (

ABSTRACT Information is considered in public institutions as a necessary strategic resource for decision-making at the various hierarchical levels, as well as the means with which companies present themselves abroad, through their products or services, using technological tools, specifically the internet, making them available at any time and place. The evolution of technology has generated great changes in the way of accessing, manipulating, storing, and retrieving information, this implies that government organizations commit to review current references on electronic government. The objective of the study is to evaluate the quality of information and the digital technological competences of external users. The methodology used to respond to the objectives set was a descriptive research, based on the analysis of descriptive statistics for each of the variables. This research was applied to 3 public institutions, a simple random sampling was used, obtaining 1273 users as a sample. The results obtained were that the highest average was obtained by the intrinsic Operational quality with a value of 2.30, in terms of digital skills 58.8% of external users do not have skills. It can be concluded that in relation to digital skills users have difficulty on the basic skills in the management of ICT, when referring to the quality of the information should act within the company to facilitate the client the search, management, handling and delivery of clear and timely information.

RESUMEN La información es considerada en las instituciones públicas como un recurso estratégico necesario para la toma de decisiones en los diversos niveles jerárquicos, así como el medio con el que las empresas se presentan al exterior, mediante sus productos o servicios, a través del uso de herramientas tecnológicas, específicamente el internet, haciendo que estén disponibles en cualquier momento y lugar. La evolución de la tecnología ha generado grandes cambios en la manera de acceder, manipular, guardar y recuperar la información, esto implica que las organizaciones gubernamentales se comprometan a revisar referentes actuales sobre el gobierno electrónico. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la calidad de la información y las competencias tecnológicas digitales de los usuarios externos. La metodología utilizada para dar respuesta a los objetivos planteados fue una investigación descriptiva, apoyándose del análisis de la estadística descriptiva para cada una de las variables. Esta investigación se aplicó a 3 instituciones públicas, se empleó un muestreo aleatorio simple obteniendo como muestra 1273 usuarios externos. Los resultados obtenidos fue que la media más alta la obtuvo la calidad intrínseca operativa con un valor de 2.30, en cuanto a las competencias digitales el 58,8% de los usuarios externos no poseen habilidades y conocimiento. Se puede concluir que en relación con las competencias digitales los usuarios presentan dificultad sobre las habilidades básicas en el manejo de Tics, al referirnos a la calidad de la información se debería actuar dentro de la empresa para facilitar al cliente la búsqueda, manejo y entrega de la información clara y oportuna.

Resumo A verticalidade eleva, de qualquer perspectiva em ordem de identidade, a dimensão a partir da qual a história e a evolução do indivíduo são explicadas e respondidas. Essa descrição imperfeita descreve seu pertencimento como um exercício de definição constante, com base na memória sintética quando se olha o passado e se torna uma autodefinição expandida quando se refere ao presente. Por sua vez, é localização e reconhecimento, cujo escopo descritivo será dado de acordo com a visão da própria imagem coletiva, projetada no futuro a médio prazo. A identidade e sua proximidade com a ontologia são seguidas de perto por comportamentos instintivos. Costumes, tradição e moralidade são a estrutura na qual os critérios de ação são circunscritos nos indivíduos como uma reafirmação de quem eles são e como eles se entendem e se explicam. O reconhecimento e o senso de critérios morais e éticos garantem diretrizes adequadas de acordo com o grupo social, resultam em inflexões que permitem ao indivíduo se redefinir e agir dentro dos parâmetros de sua cultura ou região em resposta a estímulos internos ou externos em seu contexto. A validade desses critérios comportamentais tem sua origem na reflexão e no reconhecimento ou não da regra, diante da objeção de que o bem representa o mal; portanto, é necessário se posicionar em uma situação peculiar. Essa mesma cadeia de valores e normas se aplica, por exemplo, no campo perceptivo para determinar o que há de melhor dentro desse espectro e processo de design, ambiente no qual fenômenos semelhantes ou relacionados ocorrem de maneiras diferentes. A dialética dessa configuração de ser, fazendo a coisa certa e recriando adequadamente, envolve elos que envolvem emoções, filosofia, memória e aprendizado, cuja interação e mensuração levam a produtos que projetam um traço de identidade análogo.

Abstract Verticality raises, from any perspective in order of identity, the dimension from which the individual's history and evolution are explained and responded to. This imperfect description outlines its belonging as an exercise in constant definition, based on synthetic memory when looking at the past and becomes expanded self-definition when it is referred to the present. It is in turn location and recognition, the descriptive scope of which will be given according to the vision of the collective imagination itself, projected into the future in the medium term. Identity and its closeness to ontology is closely followed by instinctive behaviors. Customs, tradition and morality are the structure to which the action criteria are circumscribed in individuals as a reaffirmation of who they are and how they understand and explain themselves. The recognition and sense of moral and ethical criteria ensure adequate guidelines according to the social group, result in inflection that allows the individual to redefine herself and act within the parameters of her culture or region in response to internal or external stimuli in her context. The validity of these behavioral criteria have their origin in the reflection and recognition or not of the rule, in the face of the objection that good represents evil, therefore it is necessary to take a position in a peculiar situation. This same chain of values and norms, applies as an example, in the perceptual field to determine what is best within that spectrum and design process, environment within which similar or related phenomena occur in different ways. The dialectic of this configuration of being, doing the right thing and properly recreating, entails links that involve emotions, philosophy, memory and learning, whose interaction and measurement lead to products that project an analogous identity trait.

Resumen La verticalidad plantea, desde cualquier perspectiva en orden de la identidad, la dimensión desde la que se explica y responde a la historia y devenir del individuo. Esta descripción imperfecta, perfila su pertenencia como un ejercicio en constante definición, basado en la memoria sintética cuando se la mira hacia el pasado y se convierte en autodefinición expandida cuando ésta es referida al presente. Es a su vez ubicación y reconocimiento, cuya amplitud descriptiva estará dada de acuerdo a la visión del imaginario colectivo propio, proyectado a un futuro al mediano plazo. La identidad y su cercanía con la ontología va seguida de cerca de conductas instintivas. Las costumbres, la tradición y la moral son la estructura a la que se circunscriben los criterios de acción en los individuos como reafirmación de quienes son y cómo se entienden y explican a sí mismos. El reconocimiento y sentido de criterios morales y éticos aseguran pautas adecuadas según el grupo social, resultan en la inflexión que permite al individuo redefinirse y actuar dentro de los parámetros de su cultura o región como respuesta a estímulos internos o externos a su contexto. La validez de estos criterios conductuales tienen su origen en la reflexión y reconocimiento o no de la regla, frente a la objeción que representan el bien el mal, en consecuencia es preciso tomar una postura ante una situación peculiar. Esta misma cadena de valores y normas, aplica como ejemplo, en el campo perceptual para determinar que es lo mejor dentro de ese espectro y proceso del diseño, entorno al cual ocurren fenómenos similares o afines de diferentes maneras. La dialéctica de esta configuración del ser, hacer lo correcto y recrear adecuadamente, entraña vínculos que involucran emociones, filosofía, memoria y aprendizaje, cuya interacción y mensura derivan en productos que proyectan un rasgo análogo identitario.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify all the defects of the administrative act associated with the element of validity form. To meet this objective, a systematic, exhaustive and replicable literature review was carried out, whose purpose was to select all reliable academic documents that address the form as an element of validity. During the reading of the selected documents, all the relevant doctrinal positions that alluded to any of the following topics were collected and collated: nature of the form as an element of validity of the administrative act, definition of form as an element of validity of the administrative act, classification of the external manifestations of the administrative act and defects under the domain of element of validity form. All the positions identified were integrated in an internally coherent scheme that is capable of discriminating formal defects from other types of defects. As a result of the integrative review of the selected documents, a comprehensive catalog of defects associated with the element of validity form was developed, which allows to objectively determine whether a defect is formal or of another nature.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es identificar todos los defectos del acto administrativo asociados al elemento de validez forma. Para cumplir este objetivo, se ejecutó una revisión de literatura sistemática, exhaustiva y replicable, cuyo propósito fue seleccionar todos los documentos académicos fidedignos que aborden la forma como elemento de validez. Durante la lectura de los documentos seleccionados, se recogieron y cotejaron todas las posiciones doctrinales relevantes que aludían a alguno de los siguientes tópicos: naturaleza de la forma como elemento de validez del acto administrativo, conceptualización de forma como elemento de validez del acto administrativo, clasificación de las manifestaciones externas del acto administrativo y defectos bajo el dominio del elemento de validez forma. Todas las posturas identificadas se integraron en un esquema internamente coherente que es capaz de discriminar los defectos formales de otros tipos de defectos. Como resultado de la revisión integrativa de los documentos seleccionados, se elaboró un catálogo comprehensivo de defectos asociados al elemento de validez forma que permite determinar objetivamente si un defecto es formal o de otra naturaleza.

Resumen El desarrollo de la ocupación en nuestro país en los últimos años, ha sido promovido por una orientación importante en el constante avance tecnológico. El crecimiento en las instituciones de enseñanza superior debe considerar las innovaciones del mercado laboral. Los universitarios graduados se enfrentan a un fenómeno que ya comenzó y se intensificará en el futuro, excesivos requisitos de habilidades y competencias para crear organizaciones productivas con la finalidad de emprender y propagar vacantes. El objetivo del presente estudio fué determinar las características que buscan los empresarios en el perfil de alumnos universitarios del posgrado de la Maestría en Administración, de la Unidad Académica de Contaduría y Administración (UACyA) de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (UAZ). Las unidades de análisis estuvieron conformadas por empresarios de alumnos egresados de la maestría, de un total de 65, se recuperaron 30, a quienes se les envió un formulario en Google. Entre los resultados obtenidos, luego de realizar los estudios estadísticos descriptivos, sobresalen las características como la capacidad de poder trabajar en equipo, otra característica que resalta además de la ya mencionada, es el uso de tecnologías para acceder a información, si se desea un programa de maestría pertinente se deben forman posgraduados competentes, capacitados, en el que las instituciones de educación y las organizaciones internacionales, fungan como agentes externos para implementar políticas relacionadas a brindar un servicio de calidad.

Abstract The development of the occupation in our country in the last years, has been promoted by an important orientation in the constant technological advance. Growth in higher education institutions must take into account labor market innovations. University graduates face a phenomenon that has already started and will intensify in the future, excessive requirements for skills and competencies to create productive organizations in order to undertake and propagate vacancies. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics that entrepreneurs look for in the profile of postgraduate university students of the Master's in Administration, of the Accounting and Administration Academic Unit (UACyA) of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas (UAZ). The analysis units were made up of entrepreneurs of master's degree students, of a total of 65, 30 were recovered, to whom a form was sent on Google. Among the results obtained, after carrying out the descriptive statistical studies, characteristics such as the ability to work in a team stand out, another characteristic that stands out in addition to the one already mentioned, is the use of technologies to access information, if a program is desired. from a relevant master's degree, competent, trained postgraduates must be trained, in which educational institutions and international organizations act as external agents to implement policies related to providing a quality service.

Resumo O desenvolvimento da profissão em nosso país nos últimos anos, tem sido impulsionado por uma importante orientação no constante avanço tecnológico. O crescimento das instituições de ensino superior deve levar em conta as inovações do mercado de trabalho. Os graduados universitários enfrentam um fenômeno que já começou e se intensificará no futuro, exigências excessivas de habilidades e competências para criar organizações produtivas para empreender e propagar vagas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as características que os empresários procuram no perfil dos estudantes universitários de pós-graduação do Mestrado em Administração, da Unidade Acadêmica de Contabilidade e Administração (UACyA) da Universidade Autônoma de Zacatecas (UAZ). As unidades de análise foram constituídas por empresários de mestrandos, de um total de 65, foram recuperados 30, aos quais foi enviado um formulário no Google. Entre os resultados obtidos, após a realização dos estudos estatísticos descritivos, destacam-se características como a capacidade de trabalhar em equipe, outra característica que se destaca além da já mencionada, é o uso de tecnologias para acessar informações, se um programa é desejado.de um mestrado relevante, devem ser formados pós-graduados competentes e treinados, nos quais instituições de ensino e organizações internacionais atuam como agentes externos para implementar políticas relacionadas à prestação de um serviço de qualidade.