Considering the cytotoxic properties of Schiff base ligands, we re-synthesized a gold(III) complex with a tetradentate Schiff base ligand and investigated its cytotoxic effects using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method and sulforhodamine B staining method. The results showed that the gold(III) Schiff base complex can inhibit the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cancer cell lines. However, unlike cisplatin, it does not induce cell death in NIH 3T3 normal cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results revealed that the gold(III) Schiff base complex increased the Bak1/Bclx ratio in CHO cell line by 3.53-fold compared to the control, while cisplatin increased the anti-apoptotic Bclx gene by 31.8 times and the treatment resistance AKT1 gene by 430.8 times the control. However, cisplatin only activated the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis through the caspase-3 gene. The expression levels of TLR6 and TNF-α genes in normal cells showed that both the gold(III) Schiff base complex and cisplatin did not cause inflammation in NIH 3T3 cell lines. All the results indicate that the new complex could be a promising candidate to replace cisplatin. It has been shown that it induces apoptosis and prevents the development of resistance in cancer cells. Additionally, it does not cause inflammation in normal cells. ligands resynthesized re synthesized goldIII gold III gold(III 34,5dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 bromide (CHO lines However T 3T Realtime Real time PCR (PCR Bak1Bclx BakBclx Bak1 Bak 3.53fold 353fold fold 3.53 53 control antiapoptotic anti apoptotic 318 31 8 31. AKT 4308 430 430. caspase3 caspase caspase- TLR TNFα TNF α Additionally 34 5dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, 53fold 353 3.5 43 dimethylthiazolyl 5dimethylthiazol2yl 35 3.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells plays a role in posterior capsule opacification, a fibrotic process that leads to a common type of cataract. Hyaluronic acid has been implicated in this fibrosis. Studies have investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. However, the role of TGF-β2 in hyaluronic acid-mediated fibrosis of lens epithelial cell remains unknown. We here examined the role of TGF-β2 in the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Methods: Cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLEB3) were infected with CD44-siRNA by using the Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent. The CCK-8 kit was used to measure cell viability, and the scratch assay was used to determine cell migration. Cell oxidative stress was analyzed in a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay and by using a flow cytometer. The TGF-β2 level in HLEB3 cells was examined through immunohistochemical staining. The TGF-β2 protein level was determined through western blotting. mRNA expression levels were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Treatment with hyaluronic acid (1.0 μM, 24 h) increased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of HLEB3 cells. The increase in TGF-β2 levels corresponded to an increase in CD44 levels in the culture medium. However, blocking the CD44 function significantly reduced the TGF-β2-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition response of HLEB3 cells. Conclusions: Our study showed that both CD44 and TGF-β2 are critical contributors to the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells, and that TGF-β2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition is regulated by CD44. These results suggest that CD44 could be used as a target for preventing hyaluronic acid-induced posterior capsule opacification. Our findings suggest that CD44/TGF-β2 is crucial for the hyaluronic acid-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Purpose epithelialmesenchymal mesenchymal opacification cataract TGFβ2 TGFβ TGF β2 β (TGF)-β However TGF-β acidmediated mediated unknown Methods HLEB (HLEB3 CD44siRNA CDsiRNA siRNA CD 300 reagent CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- viability migration dichlorodihydrofluorescein dichloro dihydro fluorescein cytometer staining blotting realtime real time reaction Results 1.0 10 1 0 (1. μM 2 h CD4 medium TGFβ2mediated TGFβmediated Conclusions acidinduced induced CD44/TGFβ2 CD44TGFβ2 CDTGFβ CD44/TGF CD44/TGF-β (HLEB 30 1. (1 CD44/TGFβ CD44TGFβ CD44TGF CDTGF 3 (

The study presents reflections on the historical relevance of buffoons through an analysis of the artistic and social view from the buffoon to the hospital clown. The subject is discussed in four topics: The mask, the actor, and the audience; The buffoon and the expression of ridicule; The spectacle and the indication of ridicule; and Laughter in the society of the spectacle. The hospital clown promotes a reflection that is similar to that of the buffoon, but the interaction with the audience must present a spectacle of comicality with an ethical stance. It is possible to laugh at oneself in the face of adversity, at the sick body, but respecting the patient, and at postures of professional superiority concerning care, as a way of reversing the logic of power without questioning one’s professionalism, with an equal degree of protagonism. topics mask actor ridicule stance adversity body patient care ones one s professionalism protagonism

São apresentadas reflexões sobre a relevância histórica dos bufões por meio de uma análise sobre a visão artística e social do bufão ao palhaço de hospital. É discutida em quatro tópicos: A máscara, o ator e a plateia; O bufão e a expressão do ridículo; O espetáculo e a indicação do ridículo; e O riso na sociedade do espetáculo. O palhaço de hospital favorece reflexões semelhantes às do bufão, mas é necessário que a interação com o público apresente um espetáculo de comicidade com postura ética. Tem a capacidade de rir de si mesmo perante as adversidades e enfermidades, sempre com o devido respeito ao doente. E não somente isso: o palhaço de hospital consegue, através de posturas muitas vezes caricatas, inverter e questionar a lógica do poder do ambiente de saúde, fazendo disso um profissionalismo e protagonismo dele nesse espaço. tópicos máscara plateia ridículo ética enfermidades doente isso consegue caricatas saúde espaço

Se presentan reflexiones sobre la relevancia histórica de los bufones, por medio de un análisis sobre la visión artística y social del bufón al payaso de hospital. Se discute en 4 tópicos: la máscara, el actor y el público; El Bufón y la expresión del ridículo; El espectáculo y la indicación del ridículo y La risa en la sociedad del espectáculo. El payaso de hospital favorece reflexiones semejantes a las del Bufón, pero es necesario que la interacción con el público presente un espectáculo de comicidad con postura ética. Es posible reírse de uno mismo ante las adversidades; del cuerpo enfermo, pero con respeto al enfermo; de las posturas de superioridad profesional ante la asistencia, como una forma de invertir la lógica del poder y sin poner en tela de juicio su profesionalismo, con el mismo grado de protagonismo. bufones tópicos máscara ética adversidades enfermo asistencia profesionalismo protagonismo

ABSTRACT Salinity stress immensely inhibits rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth, development, and productivity. Hence, two rice introgression lines, Morkho60-2 and BC4F4 132-12-61, were previously developed from ‘RD6’ rice via marker-assisted backcrossing and their adaptive salt-tolerant mechanisms were characterized in this study. Their seedling physiological and transcriptional responses to salinity stress were observed in comparison to the parental ‘RD6’ and ‘Pokkali’. The salt stress responses were assessed under 150 mM NaCl treatment for 9 d. Interestingly, like ‘Pokkali’, salinity did not affect the growth parameters of the new rice genotypes. ‘Pokkali’, Morkho60-2, and BC4F4 132-12-61 also showed lower shoot Na+ content (0.91-1.05 vs. 2.83 mg g-1 DW), and higher selective transport of K+ over Na+ (i.e., ST value of 6.57-10.98 vs. 2.65) than RD6 genotype under salinity stress. Accordingly, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis of all physiological parameters suggested shoot Na+ accumulation and ST value as the key discriminating parameters between ‘RD6’ and the new genotypes. Transcriptional responses of Na+ homeostasis-related genes further supported the findings. In comparison to the salt susceptible ‘RD6’ rice, Na+ vacuolar compartmentalization was suggested in Morkho60-2 roots due to the higher abundance of OsNHX1 (i.e., relative expression of 2.65 vs. 1.59) and OsNHX2 (2.42 vs. 1.29) transcripts. Morkho60-2 also displayed a significant upregulation of root OsSOS1 (2.02 vs. 1.18), which may contribute to root Na+ exclusion. Therefore, we suggest that selective transport of K+ over Na+ and Na+ exclusion enhanced ion homeostasis in the newly improved rice genotypes, allowing the seedlings to adapt to the saline condition.

Resumen El duelo por finalización de una relación de pareja puede ser una experiencia que genera diferentes afectaciones, y para lidiar con ello, las personas utilizan diversos recursos de afrontamiento. El presente estudió buscó identificar las diferentes estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizan las personas en duelo de pareja en general y según el tiempo de finalización del vínculo. Esta investigación, de enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo no experimental y de corte transversal, fue realizada con 172 participantes, elegidos en un muestro a conveniencia. Se evidenció en los resultados que las estrategias que presentaron menor uso fueron la búsqueda de solución de problemas y la reevaluación positiva, y las más utilizadas fueron la búsqueda de apoyo social, la espera, religión, evitación emocional, el apoyo profesional, la reacción agresiva, la evitación cognitiva y la expresión de dificultad de afrontamiento. A nivel del tiempo de la finalización de la relación, se encontró mayor uso de la evitación emocional, reacción agresiva, evitación cognitiva y el apoyo profesional en aquellos con 6 meses de duelo, y menor uso de la reevaluación positiva, búsqueda de apoyo social, solución de problemas, negación, expresión de la dificultad de afrontamiento y autonomía en este periodo de tiempo. En conclusión, se identificó que las estrategias para afrontar el duelo en pareja varían conforme avanza el tiempo de la finalización del vínculo.

Abstract Grieving duel to the end of a relationship can be an experience that generates different effects and, to deal with it, people use various coping resources. The present study sought to identify the different coping strategies used by bereaved couples in general and according to the time the relationship ended. This research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental and cross-sectional descriptive scope, was carried out with 172 subjects chosen in a convenience sample. The results showed that the strategies that were least used were the search for problem solutions and positive reappraisal and the most used were the search for social support, waiting, religion, emotional avoidance, professional support, aggressive reaction, cognitive avoidance and the expression of coping difficulty. At the time of the end of the relationship, greater use of emotional avoidance, aggressive reaction, cognitive avoidance and professional support was found in those with 6 months of grief and less use of positive reappraisal, search for social support, solution of problems, denial, expression of coping difficulty and autonomy in this period of time. In conclusion, it was identified that the strategies for coping with grief as a couple vary as the time of the end of the relationship progresses.

Resumen El principal objetivo del artículo es elaborar la historicidad del capitalismo migratorio, que constituye una de las facetas actuales del capital (capitalismo de la vigilancia, verde, financiero, sanitario, etc.). Para ello, se plantea como segundo objetivo una lectura crítica del Programa Bracero (1942-1964), inspirada en el aparato teórico-conceptual marxista, a través de los conceptos de abstracción real y ruptura metabólica. Así, se recurre al método dialéctico para subrayar las tensiones y contradicciones constitutivas de la implementación de dicho programa (como la transformación paulatina del metabolismo del sujeto campesino en jornalero agrícola explotable y su separación progresiva del terruño) y señalar el surgimiento de las migraciones como nueva expresión del trabajo abstracto (cantidad de brazos empleables). El mayor resultado de este artículo radica en que define el Programa Bracero como un hito histórico importante del surgimiento del capitalismo migratorio.

Abstract The main objective of the article is to elaborate the historicity of migratory capitalism that constitutes one of the current facets of capitalism (surveillance, green, finance, health, etc.). To this end, the second objective is a critical reading of the Bracero Program (1942-1964) inspired by the Marxist theoretical-conceptual framework, through the concepts of real abstraction and metabolic rift. Thus, the dialectical method is used, which consists of highlighting tensions and contradictions constituting the implementation of this program (such as the gradual transformation of the metabolism of the peasant subject into an exploitable agricultural laborer and its progressive separation from the terroir) and pointing out the emergence of migrations as a new expression of abstract work (number of employable arms). This is the greatest result of this article that defines the Bracero Program as an important historical milestone in the emergence of migratory capitalism.

Abstract Introduction. Cocoa cultivation in tropical areas is a commercially viable agroecological alternative that allows for productive diversification and sustainable soil management through the use of organic fertilization. Objective. To evaluate the development of four cocoa varieties (INIFAP 4, INIFAP 8, INIFAP 9, and Almendra Blanca) under the climatic conditions of the Úrsulo Galván region, Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and methods. An experiment was conducted between winter (December 2021) and summer (June 2022), using a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications. Conventional agronomic management was employed, with the addition of 10 kg of compost per tree, followed by 3 kg of vermicompost. At four months into the study, 50 g of urea, 50 g of ammonium diphosphate, and 50 g of potassium chloride were incorporated. The study included analysis of variance and Tukey’s tests (α 0.05). Results. Statistical equality was found for height, diameter, and number of branches. The cocoa’s response to temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind showed that these factors influenced the expression of its productive potential, as well as its morphology and yield, without adapting to the climatic conditions under study. Conclusion. The development of the studied varieties was homogeneous based on the climatic conditions of the Ursulo Galvan region, with the Almendra Blanca variety standing out.

Resumen Introducción. El cultivo del cacao en las zonas tropicales es una alternativa comercial de interés agroecológico, que permite la diversificación productiva y el manejo sustentable de los suelos al emplear abonado orgánico. Objetivo. Evaluar el desarrollo de cuatro variedades de cacao (INIFAP 4, INIFAP 8, INIFAP 9 y Almendra Blanca) en las condiciones climatológicas de la región de Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento, entre invierno (diciembre 2021) y verano (junio 2022), bajo un diseño completamente al azar, distribuido en cuatro tratamientos y diez repeticiones. El manejo agronómico fue convencional, se agregaron 10 kg de composta por árbol, seguidos de 3 kg de vermicompost. A los cuatro meses del estudio se incorporaron 50 g de urea, 50 g de difosfato de amonio y 50 g de cloruro de potasio. El estudio incluyó análisis de varianza y pruebas de Tukey (α 0,05). Resultados. Se encontró igualdad estadística para altura, diámetro y número de ramas. La respuesta del cacao a temperatura, precipitación, humedad relativa y viento, demostró que afectaron la expresión de su potencial productivo, así como su morfología y rendimiento, no adaptándose a las condiciones climáticas en estudio. Conclusión. El desarrollo de las variedades en estudio fue homogéneo, con base en las condiciones climatológicas de la región Úrsulo Galván, destacándose la variedad Almendra Blanca.

Abstract: The municipality of Cuautlancingo used to agricultural production was interfered by the insertion of new urban areas causing land use speculation resulting in the reconfiguration of public spaces such as streets and avenues. The objective is to illustrate how urban expansion, through changes in land use, has interfered with the socio-spatial valuation among the inhabitants of the neighborhood of San Juan and the new housing areas, leading to conflicts in the use, access, and appropriation of public space, exemplified by Morelos Avenue. The methodology used is of a mixed nature, using GIS for the spatial analysis of urban growth. Among the main findings, it is presented how the changes in land use in the last three decades and the appearance of new housing complexes affected the sociocultural valuation of the neighborhood of San Juan Cuautlancingo.

Resumen: El municipio de Cuautlancingo habituado a la producción agrícola fue interferido por la inserción de nuevas zonas urbanas provocando la especulación del uso de suelo, de modo que los espacios públicos como las calles y avenidas se han ido reconfigurando. El objetivo es mostrar cómo la expansión urbana por el cambio de uso de suelo ha ido interfiriendo en la valoración socioespacial entre los habitantes del barrio de San Juan y de las nuevas zonas habitacionales que chocan con el uso, acceso y apropiación del espacio público por sus diversas expresiones socioculturales y religiosas como es el caso de la Avenida Morelos. La metodología utilizada es de carácter mixto, utilizando los SIG para el análisis espacial del crecimiento urbano. Entre los principales hallazgos se presenta cómo los cambios de uso de suelo de las tres últimas décadas y la aparición de nuevos complejos habitacionales fueron afectando la valoración sociocultural del barrio de San Juan Cuautlancingo.

Abstract: The shape of cities has historically been the expression of complex processes of material and energy differentiation. Like any open and self-regulating system, it needs to evolve by exchanging flows of information and matter with its environment based on non-linear interactions made up of hierarchies and complementarities necessary for its adaptation. In order to establish causality with the phenomenon of socio-spatial fragmentation, structural inequality has been analyzed as a stratifying factor of spatialities in urban space. The dialectical hermeneutic method has allowed the modeling of concepts from information theory and thermodynamics to explain the interaction logic of the operating subsystems and their consequences in the hybrid structuring of urban space. The identification of cycles and morphogenetic causality in the production of spatialities forms a theoretical-conceptual contribution to the study of urban dynamics when spatial proximity coexists with social distance as a norm.

Resumen: La forma de las ciudades ha sido históricamente la expresión de complejos procesos de diferenciación material y energética. Como todo sistema abierto y autorregulador, necesita evolucionar intercambiando flujos de información y materia con su entorno a partir de interacciones no lineales conformadas por jerarquías y complementariedades necesarias para su adaptación. Con el fin de establecer una causalidad con el fenómeno de la fragmentación socio- espacial, se ha analizado la desigualdad estructural como factor estratificador de las espacialidades en el espacio urbano. El método hermenéutico dialéctico ha permitido modelar conceptos de la teoría de la información y la termodinámica para explicar las lógicas de interacción de los (sub)sistemas operantes y sus consecuencias en la estructuración híbrida del espacio urbano. La identificación de ciclos y patrones morfogenéticos repetidos de manera sistémica en la producción de espacialidades conforma un aporte teórico- conceptual para el estudio de las dinámicas urbanas cuando conviven como una norma, la proximidad espacial con la distancia social.

ABSTRACT "We are the trash, but the most important thing." The expression of a chambermaid sums up the fundamental tension of the so-called "care crisis", between the subordination of its protagonists due to the intersection of gender, class and foreign inequalities and the essential nature of this work for the sustain-ability of social life. This research adopts this perspective to offer proposals for improving the socio-legal methodology for analysing care-related rights. It does so based on the sector of chambermaids in tourist establishments in Spain and in particular through the experience of the Seville Union of Chambermaids (Kellys). Their experience allows us to reformulate the legal approach to their social rights. To this end, we present (1) the main violations of rights they identify; (2) the political-legal analysis these workers carry out on the inequalities that underlie these discriminations, as well as some reform proposals; and (3) the strategies for protection and self-protection of rights that they implement, both individually and collectively.

RESUMEN "Somos la basurilla, pero lo más importante." La expresión de una camarera de piso resume la tensión fundamental de la llamada "crisis de los cuidados", entre la subordinación de sus protagonistas por la intersección de las desigualdades de género, clase y extranjería y el carácter esencial de esa labor para la sostenibilidad de la vida social. Esta investigación adopta dicha perspectiva para ofrecer propuestas para mejorar la metodología socio-jurídica de análisis de los derechos relacionados con el cuidado. Lo hace a partir del sector de camareras de piso de establecimientos turísticos en España y en particular a través de la experiencia del Sindicato de Camareras de Piso (Kellys) de Sevilla. Su experiencia permite reformular el abordaje jurídico de sus derechos sociales. Para ello se exponen (1) las principales vulneraciones de derechos que identifican; (2) el análisis político-jurídico que las trabajadoras realizan sobre las desigualdades que subyacen a esas discriminaciones, así como algunas propuestas de reforma; y (3) las estrategias de tutela y autotutela de derechos que implementan, tanto individuales como colectivas.

Abstract: American Spanish uses adverbial expressions that combine two prepositions, de and a, as exemplified in the phrase equivocarse de a feo ‘to be completely mistaken’. With just a diachronic analysis of CDH and CORDIAM corpora we are unable to identify the origin of expressions such as this, since they surface as late as the 19th century, mirroring already established spoken language. Diachronic reconstruction using observable variation in romance languages points to the existence of “lateral” diachronic development: the coincidence of American Spanish with Romanian. This allows us to conclude that this type of adverbial expression must have originated earlier in spoken Latin.

Resumen: El español hablado en América suele usar los adverbiales que combinan las dos preposiciones de y a según el tipo equivocarse de a feo. El análisis diacrónico de los corpus CDH y CORDIAM no permite identificar el origen de este tipo de adverbiales, ya que se trata de un fenómeno que surgió durante el siglo xix como reflejo del habla oral ya establecida. La técnica de la reconstrucción diacrónica a partir de la variación observable en las lenguas románicas conduce a un hecho de diacronía “lateral”: la coincidencia del uso americano con el de la lengua rumana. Ello admite afirmar que hubo una diacronía oral que se remonta al latín hablado.

Resumo: Este estudo corresponde a uma investigação-ação e tem como objetivo examinar a contribuição da estratégia de descrição de imagens implementada por meio do aplicativo TikTok® para melhorar a precisão oral de um grupo de cinco estudantes do primeiro ano de graduação do curso de Língua Inglesa I, do programa de Tradução e Interpretação em uma universidade chilena. Foi utilizada amostragem intencional, uma vez que os participantes foram escolhidos por apresentarem dificuldades para se expressar oralmente em inglês. A coleta de dados incluiu pré e pós-avaliações orais, bem como grupo focal e autoavaliação, de acordo com os objetivos da investigação. A intervenção consistiu em seis sessões nas quais os participantes praticaram diferentes estruturas gramaticais e vocabulário específico relacionado à descrição de imagens. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a utilização da técnica de descrição de imagens implementada através de vídeos carregados na aplicação TikTok® foi benéfica para os estudantes, pois permitiu-lhes melhorar a sua precisão oral tanto no uso adequado da gramática como na gestão do vocabulário. Além disso, as opiniões dos participantes no grupo focal e na autoavaliação quanto à utilização do TikTok® em contexto educativo foram positivas, destacando a sua utilidade e facilidade de utilização.

Abstract: Este estudio corresponde a una investigación acción y tiene como propósito examinar el aporte de la estrategia de descripción de imágenes implementada mediante la aplicación TikTok® para mejorar la precisión oral de un grupo de cinco estudiantes de primer año de pregrado del curso de Lengua Inglesa I, del programa de Traducción e Interpretación de una universidad chilena. Se utilizó un muestreo intencional, ya que los participantes fueron elegidos por tener dificultades para expresarse oralmente en inglés. La recopilación de datos incluyó evaluaciones orales previas y posteriores, así como un grupo focal y una autoevaluación, en concordancia con los objetivos de la investigación. La intervención constó de seis sesiones en las que los participantes practicaron diferentes estructuras gramaticales y vocabulario específico relacionado con la descripción de imágenes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el uso de la técnica de descripción de imágenes implementada a través de vídeos subidos a la aplicación TikTok® fue beneficioso para los estudiantes, ya que les permitió mejorar su precisión oral tanto en el uso adecuado de la gramática como en el manejo del vocabulario. Además, las opiniones de los participantes en el grupo focal y en la autoevaluación en cuanto al uso de TikTok® en un contexto educativo fueron positivas, y destacaron su utilidad y facilidad de uso.

Summary: Currently, agricultural activity is constantly threatened by the effects of climate change and radical expression of environmental factors as irregular rainfall distribution responsible for water availability and deficit. These factors generate water stress in productive systems, whose negative effect is reflected on morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of vegetative growth. The use of biostimulants arises as a strategy to counteract this impact, improving crop efficiency in the use of resources and generating responses, as metabolite production, among other substances that mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. In this context, waxes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and ALGAENZIMSMR were used on raspberry plants subjected to moderate water stress (-0. 8 MPa) to evaluate the fruit response in aspects of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical quality. For the establishment, a completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments: Green Cover as 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, salicylic acid 0.27 mM, ALGAENZIMSMR 7.5 mL L-1 and the control with 50% recovery of the transpired volume as well as water potential similar to the rest of plants and 4 replicates. The results showed that waxes, SA and algal extract increased the photosynthetic rate; the four treatments increased root length; waxes increased root height; and H2O2 increased root biomass. Compared to the control, higher levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins were produced in fruits - a very important aspect due to the functionality of these compounds in human health. Therefore, the use of these biostimulants are a very useful tool for crop management in environments with water restriction.

Resumen: En la actualidad la actividad agrícola se ve amenazada constantemente por los efectos del cambio climático y la expresión radical de los factores ambientales, como la irregularidad en la distribución pluvial responsable de la disponibilidad del agua y déficit, que genera estrés hídrico en los sistemas productivos, cuyo efecto negativo se refleja en aspectos de crecimiento vegetativo, morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos. El uso de bioestimulantes surge como estrategia para contrarrestar este impacto, mejorando la eficiencia de los cultivos en el uso de los recursos y generar respuestas, como la producción de metabolitos entre otras sustancias, que mitigan los efectos del estrés oxidativo. Bajo este contexto se planteó el uso de ceras, peróxido de hidrogeno (H2O2), ácido salicílico (AS) y algaenzims, sobre plantas de frambuesa sometidas a estrés hídrico moderado (-0.8 MPa) con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta en aspectos de crecimiento vegetativo, fisiológicos y calidad bioquímica de frutos, para el establecimiento se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con 5 tratamientos: greencover as® 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, ácido salicílico 0.27 mM, algaenzims® 7.5 mL L-1 y el control con recuperación del 50% del volumen transpirado y con potencial hídrico similar al resto de plantas y 4 repeticiones. Como resultados se obtuvo que las ceras, AS y el extracto de algas incrementaron la tasa fotosintética, los cuatro tratamientos aumentaron la longitud de raíces, las ceras la altura, y el H2O2 la biomasa de raíz. Por otro lado, en comparación con el control, se produjeron mayores niveles de vitamina C y antocianinas en frutos, un aspecto muy importante por la funcionalidad de estos compuestos en la salud humana. Por lo tanto, el uso de estos bioestimulantes se puede visualizar como una herramienta de gran utilidad para el manejo de cultivos en ambientes con restricción de agua.

Abstract Silence is not a phenomenon that we can place outside of language or some system of signification. Unlike mutism, which is only a negation of noise, this work explores an interpretation of silence as a frontier of meaningfulness. The word discourses on silence as a horizon of meaning sprouting as negativity to any system of signification. Considering some aspects of Bernard Dauenhauer’s work, a first moment will address the silence that occurs between words marking the discontinuities of discourse and as another possibility of discourse. Secondly, silence is understood as a border phenomenon in the background of the nameable that is not reduced to any particular type of expression of language, but as pure otherness. Finally, silence is not only in the in-between of words nor in their background, but also in the unspeakable or unnamable in the way language itself refers to things in the world. In this sense, the distinctions between ‘language’ and ‘speech’ in Heidegger as between ‘saying’ and ‘showing’ in Wittgenstein account for the ineffable ground of meaningfulness. The word is silent, finds a blind spot, with respect to itself and its representational nature.

Resumen El silencio no es un fenómeno que podamos colocar fuera del lenguaje o sistema de significación. A diferencia del mutismo que es solo una negación del ruido, este trabajo explora una interpretación del silencio como frontera de la significación. La palabra discurre sobre el silencio como un horizonte de sentido brotando como negatividad a todo sistema de significación. Considerando algunos aspectos del trabajo Bernard Dauenhauer, un primer momento abordará el silencio que ocurre entre las palabras marcando las discontinuidades del discurso y como una posibilidad más del discurso. En segundo lugar, el silencio es entendido como fenómeno fronterizo en el trasfondo de lo nombrable que no se reduce ningún tipo de expresión particular del lenguaje, sino como pura alteridad. Finalmente, el silencio no recae únicamente en el entre de las palabras ni tampoco en su trasfondo, sino que también en lo indecible o innombrable que hay en la forma que el propio lenguaje refiere a las cosas en el mundo. En este sentido, las distinciones entre ‘lenguaje’ y ‘habla’ en Heidegger como entre ‘decir’ y ‘mostrar’ en Wittgenstein dan cuenta del fundamento inefable de la significatividad. La palabra guarda silencio, encuentra un punto ciego, respecto de ella misma y su naturaleza representacional.

Resumo Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel do fenofibrato, um agonista do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissoma-α, na lesão renal induzida por obesidade (lipotoxicidade) em camundongos submetidos à uninefrectomia. Métodos: Camundongos C57BL/6 foram submetidos a uninefrectomia e cirurgias simuladas (sham) e alimentados com dietas normocalóricas ou rica em gordura. Após 10 semanas, os camundongos obesos receberam fenofibrato a 0,02% por 10 semanas. Avaliamos função e morfologia renal, bem como níveis de mediadores inflamatórios e fibróticos e marcadores do metabolismo lipídico. Resultados: Camundongos alimentados com dieta rica em gordura desenvolveram obesidade e hiperlipidemia características, com subsequente acúmulo de lipídios e danos renais, incluindo expansão mesangial, fibrose intersticial, inflamação e proteinúria. Essas alterações foram maiores em camundongos obesos uninefrectomizados do que em camundongos obesos sham. O tratamento com fenofibrato preveniu hiperlipidemia e lesões glomerulares, reduziu o acúmulo de lipídios, melhorou a disfunção renal e atenuou a inflamação e fibrose renal. Além disso, o tratamento com fenofibrato reduziu a expressão no tecido renal do inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1, da proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1 e a expressão local do fator de crescimento de fibroblastos-21. Conclusão: A ativação do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissoma-α pelo fenofibrato, com subsequente lipólise, atenuou lesões glomerulares e tubulointersticiais induzidas por lipotoxicidade renal, protegendo, assim, os rins de camundongos uninefrectomizados contra lesões induzidas por obesidade. Os achados do estudo sugerem uma via na ação farmacológica do fenofibrato, fornecendo insights sobre os mecanismos envolvidos no dano renal causado pela obesidade em doadores renais. Introdução peroxissomaα, peroxissomaα peroxissoma α, α (lipotoxicidade Métodos C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ sham (sham 1 semanas 002 0 02 0,02 lipídico Resultados características renais mesangial intersticial proteinúria disso plasminogênio1, plasminogênio1 plasminogênio 1, plasminogênio-1 monócitos1 monócitos monócitos- fibroblastos21. fibroblastos21 fibroblastos 21. 21 fibroblastos-21 Conclusão lipólise protegendo assim 00 0,0 plasminogênio- fibroblastos2 2 fibroblastos-2 0, fibroblastos-

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist, in obesity-induced kidney damage (lipotoxicity) in mice with uninephrectomy. Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent uninephrectomy and sham surgeries and were fed normocaloric or high-fat diets. After 10 weeks, obese mice were administered 0.02% fenofibrate for 10 weeks. Kidney function and morphology were evaluated, as well as levels of inflammatory and fibrotic mediators and lipid metabolism markers. Results: High-fat diet-fed mice developed characteristic obesity and hyperlipidemia, with subsequent renal lipid accumulation and damage, including mesangial expansion, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and proteinuria. These changes were greater in obese uninephrectomy mice than in obese sham mice. Fenofibrate treatment prevented hyperlipidemia and glomerular lesions, lowered lipid accumulation, ameliorated renal dysfunction, and attenuated inflammation and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, fenofibrate treatment downregulated renal tissue expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and local expression of fibroblast growth factor-21. Conclusion: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation by fenofibrate, with subsequent lipolysis, attenuated glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions induced by renal lipotoxicity, thus protecting the kidneys of uninephrectomy mice from obesity-induced lesions. The study findings suggest a pathway in the pharmacological action of fenofibrate, providing insight into the mechanisms involved in kidney damage caused by obesity in kidney donors. Introduction proliferatoractivated proliferator activated receptorα receptor α agonist obesityinduced lipotoxicity (lipotoxicity Methods C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ highfat high fat diets 1 weeks 002 0 02 0.02 evaluated markers Results Highfat High dietfed diet expansion fibrosis proteinuria dysfunction Furthermore inhibitor1, inhibitor1 inhibitor 1, inhibitor-1 protein1, protein1 protein protein-1 factor21. factor21 factor 21. 21 factor-21 Conclusion lipolysis donors 00 0.0 inhibitor- protein- factor2 2 factor-2 0. factor-