Abstract Numerous approaches investigate the reduction of gaps and inequities in the knowledge society, where ICTs, as services and products are present. These approaches include the Sustainable Development Goals and Web Accessibility. Both issues are global and on the international agenda. The article investigates the participation of women from university environments through their productions disseminated in congresses originated in Argentina. The methodology applied is descriptive based on the method of Evidence-Based Software Engineering. The exhibition was made up of the presentations disseminated in five congresses originated in Argentina and carried out in the period 2020-2022. Systematized empirical evidence shows the explicit and implicit social responsibility that emanates from university environments. In addition, it is remarkable the participation of women in the design, development and study around a topic of global connotation such as Web Accessibility. In this sense, the results contributes to the approach of the 4th, 5th and 10th Sustainable Development Goals.

Resumen Numerosos abordajes indagan en la disminución de brechas e inequidades en la sociedad del conocimiento, en donde las TIC, como servicios y productos están presentes. Entre estos abordajes pueden mencionarse los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible y la accesibilidad web. Ambos temas son globales y se encuentran en la agenda internacional. En el artículo se indaga sobre la participación de mujeres desde ámbitos universitarios a través de sus producciones difundidas en congresos originados en Argentina. La metodología aplicada es descriptiva adaptada del método de la Ingeniería del Software Basada en la Evidencia. La muestra la conformaron las presentaciones difundidas en cinco eventos realizados en el período 2020-2022. Las evidencias empíricas sistematizadas muestran la responsabilidad social explicita e implícita que emana desde ámbitos universitarios. Además, es notable la participación de mujeres en el diseño, desarrollo y estudio en torno a un tema de connotación global como es la accesibilidad web. En este sentido, los aportes resultantes contribuyen al abordaje del cuarto, quinto y decimo Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible.

Abstract From a position as students, disciples, and collaborators of María Bertely, we reflect on her contributions to the gestation and development process of the project "Milpas Educativas: Socionatural Laboratories for good living". After specifying the locus of enunciation and the sources that support the analysis, the political and epistemological referents that are essential to understanding the essence of an educational project with a clear ethnopolitical and alter-globalization position are made explicit. These, in addition, allow us to appreciate the contributions of Bertely as coordinator and caretaker of the Intercultural Inductive Method and committed academic who felt mandated by the community educators of the Union of Teachers of the New Education for Mexico (UNEM) and the indigenous communities that appointed them. Subsequently, Bertely’s contributions to the gestation phase of the project are analyzed, emphasizing her efforts before the financing body and the resulting achievements. Next, we reflect on her contributions to the development process of Milpas Educativas, highlighting the political, epistemic, axiological, and pedagogical dimensions that characterized them. We conclude by presenting some of his most important legacies to Mexican and Latin American educational anthropology, emphasizing her political commitment to the indigenous cause.

Resumen Desde un posicionamiento en cuanto alumnos, discípulos y colaboradores de María Bertely, reflexionamos sobre sus aportes al proceso de gestación y desarrollo del proyecto “Milpas Educativas: Laboratorios Socionaturales vivos para el buen vivir”. Luego de precisar el locus de enunciación y las fuentes que sustentan el análisis, se explicitan los referentes políticos y epistemológicos que resultan fundamentales para comprender la esencia de un proyecto educativo con un claro posicionamiento etnopolítico y altermundista. Éstos, además, permiten valorar las contribuciones de Bertely como coordinadora y cuidadora del Método Inductivo Intercultural y académica comprometida y mandatada por los educadores comunitarios de la Unión de Maestros de la Nueva Educación para México (UNEM) y las comunidades indígenas que los nombraron. Posteriormente, se analizan sus aportes a la fase de gestación del proyecto, enfatizando en sus gestiones ante la instancia financiadora y en los logros resultantes. Enseguida, se reflexiona acerca de sus contribuciones en el proceso de desarrollo de Milpas Educativas, destacando las dimensiones políticas, epistémicas, axiológicas y pedagógicas que las caracterizaron. Se concluye presentando algunos de sus más importantes legados a la antropología educativa mexicana y latinoamericana, poniendo énfasis en su compromiso político con la causa indígena.

Abstract: The municipalities, faced with the obligation to generate property appraisals, have predominantly used the comparison method, characterized by submitting to the distortions of the land market, excluding the explicit consideration of factors that value it. This article presents a method of valuing urban land massively, based on the generation of land rents that value the property and that in its capitalized form are expressed in its price. Through the application in the city of Cuenca, a set of procedures is established for the determination of the base unit price, identifying for this the capital incorporated into the land in infrastructures and equipment, and quantifying the most relevant primary and secondary rents from the expressions of the spatial structure of land uses linked to their generation. The results obtained show that the theory of land rent is applicable to the massive valuation of urban land for cadastral purposes, obtaining a significant degree of understanding of the conformation of land prices in the city associated with their dynamics.

Resumen: Las municipalidades, frente a la obligatoriedad de generar avalúos prediales, predominantemente han empleado el método de comparación, caracterizado por someterse a las distorsiones del mercado de suelo, excluyendo la consideración explícita de factores que lo valorizan. En este artículo se expone un método de valuación masiva del suelo urbano basado en la generación de rentas de suelo que valorizan la propiedad y que, en su forma capitalizada, se expresan en su precio. A través de la aplicación en la ciudad de Cuenca, se establece un conjunto de procedimientos para la determinación del precio unitario base, identificando para ello el capital incorporado al suelo en infraestructuras y equipamientos, y cuantificando las rentas primarias y secundarias más relevantes a partir de las expresiones de la estructura espacial de los usos de suelo vinculadas a su generación. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la teoría de la renta de la tierra es aplicable a la valuación masiva del suelo urbano con fines catastrales, obteniendo un significativo grado de comprensión sobre la conformación de los precios del suelo en la ciudad asociados a sus dinámicas.

Abstract: The objective of this article is to analyse the dispute around the social sciences between Theodor Adorno and Karl Popper published in the book The dispute of positivism in German sociology. The central points the study will focus upon are what is science; what is its method. To fulfil the objective, we will make explicit each one of the points, and then, in a third stage, contrast the approaches of both authors. In the conclusions the possible political drifts to which the authors' conceptions lead are discussed.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la disputa en torno a las ciencias sociales de Theodor Adorno y Karl Popper de 1961, publicada en el libro La disputa del positivismo en la sociología alemana. Los ejes del análisis son: Qué es la ciencia, cuál es su método. Para cumplir el objetivo, explicitaremos cada uno de los puntos antes mencionados, para luego, en una tercera etapa contrastar las aproximaciones de ambos autores. En las conclusiones se discuten las posibles derivas políticas a las cuales conducen las concepciones de los autores.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las experiencias de los estudiantes de último año de enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Mozambique en relación con la supervisión clínica realizada por los técnicos de enfermería. Método: Estudio cualitativo-fenomenológico realizado con estudiantes de último año de enfermería de la Universidad Católica de Mozambique. La entrevista en profundidad fue la técnica utilizada para la recolección de datos, que fueron analizados a través del análisis de contenido. Resultados: Los resultados se dividieron en cuatro categorías principales que surgieron del análisis de las entrevistas y están relacionadas con 1) la percepción de los estudiantes sobre el supervisor académico, destacada por la presencia y ausencia de personal docente en el entorno clínico; 2) el supervisor clínico explicitado por los supervisores técnicos de enfermería, con subcategorías sobre el estudiante de nivel superior como amenaza para el enfermero técnico, tensión en la relación entre supervisores clínicos y estudiantes, disposición y reacción de los supervisores clínicos; 3) al contexto, representado por la falta de recursos materiales y humanos, la diversidad cultural y la pandemia COVID-19; y 4) a la percepción sobre ellos mismos como estudiantes, dividido en la falta de orientación en el entorno clínico, el vivir las prácticas clínicas como una pesadilla y la esperanza durante la experiencia. También se presentan algunas propuestas de mejora. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio han permitido describir el fenómeno estudiado, revelando la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la supervisión clínica y el efecto del contexto en el que se desarrolla esta relación. Estos resultados servirán para evaluar cómo mejorar la supervisión clínica, identificando un modelo innovador a seguir. Esta medida es esencial para el desarrollo profesional de los estudiantes de enfermería.

Resumo: Objetivo: Descrever as experiências dos estudantes do último ano do Curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Católica de Moçambique sobre a supervisão clínica prestada pelos técnicos de enfermagem. Método: Estudo qualitativo-fenomenológico, realizado com estudantes do último ano do Curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Católica de Moçambique. A entrevista em profundidade foi a técnica utilizada para recolha de dados, analisados através da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os resultados foram divididos em quatro categorias principais que emergiram da análise das entrevistas e dizem respeito 1) à percepção dos alunos sobre o supervisor acadêmico, destacada pela presença e ausência de docentes no ambiente clínico; 2) ao supervisor clínico explicitado pelos supervisores técnicos de enfermagem, com subcategorias sobre o aluno de nível superior como ameaça ao enfermeiro técnico, tensão na relação entre supervisores clínicos e alunos, disposição e reação dos supervisores clínicos; 3) ao contexto, representado pela falta de recursos materiais e humanos, diversidade cultural e pandemia de COVID-19; e 4) à percepção de si mesmos como alunos, dividida em falta de orientação no ambiente clínico, vivência da prática clínica como um pesadelo e esperança durante a experiência. Também são apresentadas algumas propostas de melhorias. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo permitiram descrever o fenômeno em estudo, revelando a percepção dos estudantes sobre a supervisão clínica e o efeito do contexto em que esta relação se desenvolve. Estes resultados servirão para avaliar a forma de melhorar a supervisão clínica através da identificação de um modelo inovador a seguir. Esta medida é essencial para o desenvolvimento profissional dos estudantes de enfermagem.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the experiences of final year nursing students at the Catholic University of Mozambique regarding the clinical supervision done by nursing technicians. Method: A qualitative-phenomenological study carried out with final year nursing students at the Catholic University of Mozambique. The in-depth interview was the technique used to collect data, which was analyzed using Content Analysis. Results: The results were divided into four main categories that emerged from the analysis of the interviews and are related to 1) the students' perception of the academic supervisor, highlighted by the presence and absence of teaching staff in the clinical setting; 2) the clinical supervisor made explicit by the nursing technical supervisors, with subcategories on the higher level student as a threat to the technical nurse, tension in the relationship between clinical supervisors and students, disposition and reaction of clinical supervisors; 3) the context, represented by the lack of material and human resources, cultural diversity and the COVID-19 pandemic; and 4) the perception about themselves as students, divided into lack of orientation in the clinical setting, living the clinical practice as a nightmare and hope during the experience. Some proposals for improvement are also presented. Conclusion: The results of this study have helped to describe the phenomenon studied, revealing the students’ perception about clinical supervision and the effect of the context that this relationship develops. These results will help to evaluate how to improve clinical supervision by identifying an innovative model to follow. This action is essential for the professional development of nursing students.

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a capacidade da Escala de Discriminação Explícita (EDE) de produzir estimativas comparáveis entre grupos de gênero, cor/raça e posição socioeconômica. A análise se baseou em dados de dois estudos, realizados com estudantes de universidades públicas brasileiras. Uma versão abreviada da EDE com oito itens foi avaliada, utilizando o método alignment (alinhamento). Nossos achados indicaram violação de invariância entre grupos de cor/raça e gênero. Os relatos de experiências discriminatórias tiveram melhor comparabilidade entre estratos de posição socioeconômica. Este estudo demonstrou que a EDE deve ser utilizada com cautela, especialmente para fazer comparações de estimativas de discriminação entre respondentes de cor/raça e gênero distintos. A violação de invariância observada reforça a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais, examinando se tal cenário se mantém em amostras mais amplas e diversas do país.

Abstract: This study evaluated the ability of the Explicit Discrimination Scale (EDS) to produce comparable estimates among respondents according to gender, color/race, and socioeconomic status. Analysis was based on data from two studies with students from Brazilian public universities. An abridged version of the EDS with eight items was evaluated by the alignment method. Findings indicated violation of invariance between color/race and gender groups. Reports of discriminatory experiences had better comparability between socioeconomic status strata. This study showed that EDS should be used with caution, especially to compare discrimination estimates between respondents of different colors/races and genders. The observed violation of invariance reinforces the need for additional research examining whether such a scenario persists in larger and more diverse samples from Brazil.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la capacidad de la Escala de Discriminación Explícita (EDE) para producir estimaciones comparables entre grupos de género, color/raza y posición socioeconómica. El análisis se basó en los datos de dos estudios, realizados con estudiantes de universidades públicas brasileñas. Se evaluó una versión abreviada de la EDE con 8 ítems, utilizando el método alignment (alineación). Nuestros hallazgos indicaron una violación de la invariancia entre los grupos de color/raza y género. Los informes de experiencias discriminatorias fueron más comparables entre los estratos de posición socioeconómica. Este estudio demostró que la EDE debe usarse con precaución, especialmente para hacer comparaciones de estimaciones de discriminación entre encuestados distintos de color/raza y género. La violación de la invariancia observada refuerza la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales, examinando si tal escenario se mantiene muestras más amplias y diversas del país.

ABSTRACT There are a few three-moment schemes that consider other processes besides sedimentation. Thus, a performance assessment of these types of schemes due to the combined effect of sedimentation and other microphysical processes is a matter of interest. In this study, a warm rain bulk three-moment parameterized scheme was developed and evaluated through a detailed comparison with a bin microphysical scheme. To evaluate the impact of sedimentation and the combined effect of sedimentation and collision-coalescence on the droplet size distribution (DSD), a rain shaft model was applied to the DSD with different initial values of the shape parameter. For pure sedimentation, a good correspondence was obtained between the three-moment scheme and the explicit model, with a practically perfect coincidence of bulk quantities for larger values of the gamma distribution’s initial shape parameter and, in general, the three-moment parameterization scheme performing much better than the two-moment scheme. The simulations performed for this case confirm (as reported in previous studies) that for pure sedimentation, the three-moment parameterization schemes deliver a physically more complete representation of the evolution of droplet size distribution. The impact of the combined effect of sedimentation and collision-coalescence processes on DSD was also assessed. We could observe that certain differences arise between the parameterized scheme and the spectral model when the collision-coalescence process is incorporated, as the onset of precipitation occurs earlier in the three-moment parameterized scheme. It can be concluded that, in general, the three-moment warm rain bulk microphysics scheme is able to reproduce the results of the reference bin microphysical model.

RESUMEN Hay pocos modelos microfísicos de tres momentos que consideren otros procesos además de la sedimentación. Por lo tanto, una evaluación del desempeño de este tipo de esquemas bajo la acción combinada de los procesos de sedimentación y colisión-coalescencia es un tema de interés. En este estudio se desarrolló y posteriormente se evaluó un esquema parametrizado de tres momentos para nubes calientes a través de su comparación con un modelo de microfísica detallada. Para evaluar el impacto de la sedimentación y el efecto combinado de la sedimentación y la colisión-coalescencia en la distribución por tamaños de las gotas (DSD, por su sigla en inglés), se realizaron corridas con un modelo cinemático para diferentes DSD con diferentes valores iniciales del parámetro de forma. Para la sedimentación pura se obtuvo una buena correspondencia entre el esquema de tres momentos y el modelo explícito, con una coincidencia prácticamente perfecta de cantidades unitarias para valores mayores del parámetro de la forma inicial de la distribución gamma. En general, se demostró que la parametrización de tres momentos funciona mucho mejor que el esquema de dos momentos. Las simulaciones realizadas para este caso confirman (como se reportó en estudios anteriores) que, para la sedimentación pura, los esquemas de tres momentos brindan una representación más completa de la evolución de la distribución por tamaños. También se evaluó el impacto del efecto combinado de los procesos de sedimentación y colisión-coalescencia en la distribución por tamaños. Se pudo observar que hay ciertas diferencias entre el esquema parametrizado y el modelo espectral cuando se incorpora el proceso de colisión de coalescencia, ya que el inicio de la precipitación ocurre antes en el esquema parametrizado de tres momentos. Se puede concluir que el esquema microfísico de tres momentos es capaz de reproducir en términos generales los resultados del modelo de microfísica explícita.

ABSTRACT Objective The Explicit Discrimination Scale (EDS) was developed to assess experiences with discrimination in Brazilian epidemiologic surveys. Though previous analyses have demonstrated that the EDS has good configural, metric, and scalar properties, its invariance has not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the factorial invariance of two abridged versions of the EDS, according to skin color/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and their intersections. Methods: Data from the EpiFloripa Adult Study were used, which include a representative sample of adults residing in a state capital of southern Brazil (n=1,187). Over half of the respondents were women, and around 90% identified as white; the mean age of the participants was 39 years. Two abridged versions of the EDS were analyzed, with seven and eight items, using Multigroup Confirmatory Analysis and the Alignment method. Results: The two versions of the scale may be used to provide estimates of discrimination that are comparable across skin color/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and their intersections. In the seven-item version of the scale, only one parameter lacked invariance (i.e., threshold of item i13 – called by names you do not like), specifically among black respondents with less than 12 years of formal education. Conclusion: The EDS may provide researchers with valid, reliable, and comparable estimates of discrimination between different segments of the population, including those at the intersections of skin color/ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status. However, future research is needed to determine whether the patterns we identified here are consistent in other population domains.

RESUMO Objective A Escala de Discriminação Explícita (EDE) foi desenvolvida para avaliar experiências com discriminação em inquéritos epidemiológicos no Brasil. Embora análises prévias tenham revelado boas propriedades configurais, métricas e escalares do instrumento, nenhum estudo examinou sua invariância. Este trabalho objetivou examinar a invariância fatorial de duas versões abreviadas da EDE, considerando cor/raça, sexo, posição socioeconômica e suas intersecções. Métodos: Utilizaram-se dados do Estudo EpiFloripa Adulto, que encerra uma amostra representativa de residentes de uma capital do sul do Brasil (n=1.187). Cerca de 57% da amostra foi constituída por mulheres e 90% dos entrevistados se declararam brancos; a média de idade dos participantes foi de 39 anos. Duas versões abreviadas da EDE, com sete e oito itens, foram examinadas por meio de Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias Multigrupo e o método Alignment. Resultados: As duas versões da escala produziram estimativas comparáveis de discriminação entre grupos definidos por cor/raça, sexo, posição socioeconômica e suas intersecções. Na versão reduzida de sete itens, apenas um parâmetro apresentou violação de invariância (limiar do item i13; i.e., chamado por nomes que não gosta), especificamente no grupo de respondentes negros com menos de 12 anos de escolaridade. Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a EDE é capaz de produzir estimativas de discriminação válidas, confiáveis e comparáveis entre diversos segmentos da população, incluindo aqueles situados na intersecção de cor/raça, sexo e posição socioeconômica. Contudo, pesquisas futuras são necessárias para verificar se os padrões identificados aqui podem ser confirmados em outros domínios populacionais.

This article interprets the persuasion of Paul's communication to the Corinthians in 1 Corinthians 12:31b-13:3 from a text-generated persuasion-interpretation (TGPI) rhetorical perspective. Text-generated persuasion-interpretation is not based on ancient Greco-Roman rhetoric and differs from ancient rhetorical analyses. Ancient Greco-Roman rhetorical analyses reimpose rhetorical categories on the text, analysing it within the confines of those rhetorical categories that merely mention rhetorical stylistic devices and techniques that the author uses to persuade the audience. Instead, this rhetorical approach is done by reconstructing the rhetorical strategy from the text itself, in other words, how Paul used rhetorical arguments and rhetorical techniques when persuading the Corinthians to pursue unity and order, by eulogising the excellencies of love. Paul's persuasive strategy from 1 Corinthians 12:31b-13:3 was constructed and analysed. The descriptive analysis of the author's persuasive intent was constructed from the text itself, proving that the means the author uses to persuade the readers can be based on the text alone. The author's dominant rhetorical strategy was defined from the text, by determining his primary rhetorical objective in the particular section. This article showed that Paul employed various rhetorical devices to enhance his persuasion. The first is the argument based on disillusionment. The second are rhetorical techniques such as explicit contrasting, conspicuous words and metaphors, binary, hyperbole, parallelism, repetition, rhythm, and antithesis to persuade the Corinthians to desire 'the far more supreme way' as the exclusive stimulus for practising spiritual gifts. CONTRIBUTION: This article offers something new in the sense that the rhetorical method of interpretation, called a text-generated persuasion-interpretation, is applied to 1 Corinthians 12:31b-13:3 for the first time. With a renewed interest in rhetorical interpretation of the texts, this methodology allows for its improvement with further research, as it has the potential to incorporate multidisciplinary approaches to the text. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that the dominant rhetorical objective of the text and the persuasion of the author can be derived from the text without relying on ancient rhetoric. Finally, the article shows that new rhetorical insights, such as new rhetorical techniques used to enhance the author's persuasion, can still be discovered, as they have been discovered in this study

Abstract This article deals with violence against women by intimate partners, limited to participants attending undergraduate courses at universities in ABCD Paulista and who have experienced this type of violation. Violence against women, demarcated by gender asymmetries, is a public health issue as it is an explicit violation of human rights. Given the seriousness of the issue, this study aimed to analyze how violence against women is expressed in the lives of undergraduate students and its consequences in their lives. The qualitative method used four case studies with semi-structured interviews. Thematic Analysis treated the collected data, emerging two themes with groups of main meanings: types of violence and consequences on the lives of undergraduate women. From these analyses, physical, psychological, and sexual violence often co-occurred with health consequences, especially mental, accentuating problems such as depression and panic, disqualification of self-image, and abrupt change in weight. It was concluded that: a) even undergraduate students with access to information and criticism about unsatisfactory intimate relationships, experience intimate violence affecting their lives; b) although the issue of violence against women has gained notoriety, one must reflect and act to guarantee them basic rights, in any social space.

Resumo Este artigo trata da violência contra as mulheres por parceiros íntimos, delimitado a participantes cursando graduação em universidades do ABCD Paulista e que em algum momento de suas vidas passaram por este tipo de violação. A violência contra as mulheres, demarcada pelas assimetrias de gênero, é questão de saúde pública, sendo violação explícita dos direitos humanos. Diante dessa gravidade, este estudo objetivou analisar como a violência contra as mulheres se expressa na vida de universitárias e suas consequências em suas vidas. O método foi qualitativo, utilizando quatro estudos de caso com entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados coletados foram tratados pela Análise Temática, surgindo dois temas com grupos de significados principais: tipos de violência e consequências sobre a vida das mulheres universitárias. Destas análises, violência física, psicológica e sexual frequentemente ocorreram simultaneamente com consequências à saúde, sobretudo, mental, acentuando problemas como depressão e pânico, desqualificação da autoimagem, alteração abrupta de peso. Concluiu-se que: a) mesmo universitárias com acesso a informações e críticas sobre relações íntimas afetivas insatisfatórias, vivenciam violência na intimidade, afetando suas vidas; b) embora a problemática da violência às mulheres tenha ganhado notoriedade, é preciso refletir e agir para garantir-lhes direitos básicos em qualquer espaço social.

BACKGROUND: Language analytic ability is well researched in the context of foreign language acquisition but its role in the acquisition of grammar in the native language is under investigation. OBJECTIVES: Our study explored the influence of language analytic ability and print exposure on receptive grammar and reading comprehension in childhood. Additionally, we investigated whether exposure to specific constructions through the written modality held an advantage over exposure in the audio modality. METHOD: We assessed the language analytic ability, reading comprehension, reading fluency, print exposure, and receptive grammar of 12-year-olds. Subsequently, we exposed them to written or spoken target constructions, followed by an assessment of receptive grammar. Linear regression models were used to analyse the contributions of reading fluency, print exposure, and language analytic ability to reading comprehension and receptive grammar. We also examined the influence of the intervention on receptive grammar. RESULTS: Language analytic ability and print exposure significantly predicted receptive grammar. Print exposure significantly predicted reading comprehension and improvement in receptive grammar. CONCLUSION: Language analytic ability is important for grammar and reading comprehension development. Print exposure enhances reading comprehension by supporting vocabulary development and providing exposure to intricate structures. Both language analytic ability and experience are key factors in construction acquisition. CONTRIBUTION: This study adds to the growing body of evidence emphasising the role of language analytic skills in native language grammar acquisition and advocates for explicit grammar teaching. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of adequate print exposure in grammar acquisition and the development of reading comprehension skills.

The emergency status is a critical factor in handling disasters in Indonesia, particularly for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It provides adequate access for the Government to reduce legal bureaucracy and facilitate expenditure. However, it has faced difficulties in its application as it does not have an explicit reference to existing emergency-related disaster laws. This article investigates this discrepancy in terms of the meaning of emergency status within the legal framework in Indonesia. This study uses the doctrinal method to explore six various laws related to disaster emergencies and analyse their discrepancies that have adversely impacted the management of COVID-19. The article finds that the term 'disaster emergencies' in the Indonesian legal system has different legal interpretations and a lack of standardisation, making their execution difficult. CONTRIBUTION: This article significantly highlights the normative issues of determining disaster emergencies and their status in six different disaster-related laws. It provides an alternative approach to mainstream thinking by proposing amendments to the Infectious Disease Outbreak Law as an integrated law to ensure legal certainty, benefit, and fairness for the people in handling potential pandemics in Indonesia in the years to come

BACKGROUND: The high number of poor-performing learners in reading comprehension in South African schools is a concerning factor that calls for studies to mitigate this problem. The Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) of 2021 indicates that about 81% of South African Grade 4 learners who participated, failed to reach the required benchmark in the test. Research indicates that teachers are not conversant with theory and explicit teaching of reading comprehension strategies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the role played by teachers in developing Grade 9 learners' reading comprehension skills in English Home Language and establishing which reading comprehension skills and strategies are taught to learners. METHOD: This study used a qualitative approach. Four data sets were utilised to collect data including a document analysis, a questionnaire for learners, interviews with teachers of English and lesson observations. RESULTS: The findings of the study show that there is little guidance on how to teach reading comprehension skills. It also emerged that instead of teaching reading comprehension skills, teachers merely 'test' learners' answering skills. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there is a need for re-training and assisting teachers in explicitly teaching reading comprehension skills to learners. Learners may benefit from the enhanced expertise of teachers and become more proficient in reading comprehension CONTRIBUTION: The study has provided invaluable insights into the current teaching practice of comprehension skills with actionable insights for teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers to support learners' academic success and bridge the gap between praxis and theory.

BACKGROUND: The study argues that managing tacit knowledge (TKM) would reduce small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operational discontinuity and knowledge loss in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa OBJECTIVES: The article examined the strategies put in place by SMEs for tacit knowledge management (TKM) practices and to develop a framework that will promote TKM for SMEs METHOD: The study adopted a quantitative research method and targeted 326 SMEs using Google Forms. One hundred and eighty (180; 55.2%) useful responses were obtained and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences RESULTS: Most of the SME owners are aware and affirmed that there is a particular tacit knowledge that is of importance to business. The most common methods of capturing tacit knowledge among SMEs are monitoring, practical sessions, in-house training programmes, and brainstorming. Tacit knowledge is shared during meetings (such as project teams) and when dialoguing. The study also revealed that electronic files in computers are the major tools for storing the collected tacit knowledge CONCLUSION: The study concluded that TKM among SMEs in KZN required improvement and recommended improving teams and informal networks and making information and communication technology tools available to preserve tacit knowledge. The SMEs that can afford it can consider employing the services of consultant knowledge management officers to conduct periodic knowledge audits to identify knowledge gaps for proactive solutions CONTRIBUTION: The study contributed to knowledge management, tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge, and TKM

Objective: to understand the meaning attributed by men to the experience of caring for their family member with cancer and to develop a substantive theory that represents the experience of men caring for their family member with cancer. Method: this is qualitative research guided by the methodological framework of Grounded Theory and the precepts of Symbolic Interactionism. A form with identification and interview data was used. The analysis followed the substantive and theoretical coding stages. Results: 12 male caregivers of their family member with cancer participated. The constant comparative analysis of the data allowed the creation of a substantive theory “Experiencing the care of a family member with cancer: men as a caregivers” explaining the experience that has as its central category “The love that drives care”, representing the symbolic actions and attitudes of men living in the context of illness due to cancer and care Conclusion: the theory allowed us to understand feelings, perceptions, ways of acting and facing the diagnosis, providing care, recognizing difficulties and learning from the situations that arise, making explicit the interactional processes and symbolic elements present and how these influence male caregivers in their actions and attitudes. Objective Method Interactionism used stages Results 1 participated Experiencing , care” Conclusion feelings perceptions diagnosis arise

Objetivo: apreender o significado atribuído pelos homens à vivência do cuidado ao seu familiar com câncer e elaborar uma teoria substantiva que represente a vivência de homens no cuidado ao seu familiar com câncer. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa norteada pelo referencial metodológico da Teoria Fundamentado nos Dados e pelos preceitos do Interacionismo Simbólico. Utilizouse formulário com dados de identificação e entrevista. A análise seguiu as etapas de codificação substantiva e teórica. Resultados: participaram 12 homens cuidadores de seu familiar com câncer. A análise comparativa constante dos dados permitiu a elaboração de uma teoria substantiva “Vivenciando o cuidado de um familiar com câncer: o homem como cuidador” explicativa da vivência que tem como categoria central “O amor que conduz o cuidar”, representando as ações e atitudes simbólicas do homem ao viver no contexto do adoecimento por câncer e do cuidado. Conclusão: a teoria permitiu conhecer os sentimentos, percepções, modos de agir e enfrentar o diagnóstico, desempenhar o cuidado, reconhecer as dificuldades e aprender com as situações que se apresentam, deixando explícito os processos interacionais e os elementos simbólicos presentes e como estes influenciam os homens cuidadores em suas ações e atitudes. Objetivo Método tratase trata Simbólico entrevista teórica Resultados 1 Vivenciando cuidador O cuidar, cuidar , cuidar” Conclusão sentimentos percepções diagnóstico apresentam

Objetivo: comprender el significado atribuido por los hombres a la experiencia de asistir a un familiar con cáncer y desarrollar una teoría sustantiva que represente la experiencia de los hombres acerca de dicho cuidado. Método: se trata de una investigación cualitativa guiada por el marco metodológico de la Teoría Fundamentada y los preceptos del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Se utilizó un formulario con datos de identificación y entrevista. El análisis siguió las etapas de codificación sustantiva y teórica. Resultados: participaron 12 hombres cuidadores de un familiar con cáncer. El constante análisis comparativo de los datos permitió elaborar una teoría sustantiva “Vivenciando el cuidado de un familiar con cáncer: el hombre como cuidador” explicando la experiencia que tiene como categoría central “El amor que impulsa el cuidado”, representando la acciones y actitudes simbólicas del hombre que vive en el contexto de enfermedad por cáncer y sus cuidados. Conclusión: la teoría permitió comprender los sentimientos, percepciones, formas de actuar y afrontar el diagnóstico, brindar cuidados, reconocer dificultades y aprender de las situaciones que se presentan, explicitando los procesos de interacción y elementos simbólicos presentes y cómo influyen en los hombres cuidadores en sus acciones y actitudes. Objetivo Método Simbólico entrevista teórica Resultados 1 Vivenciando cuidador cuidado, , cuidado” cuidados Conclusión sentimientos percepciones diagnóstico presentan