Abstract Introduction. Wild species are important in the ecosystem, and their preservation requires the development of effective techniques. Objective. To determine the in situ and ex situ germination characteristics and field growth of Porcelia mediocris N.A. Murray and Compsoneura trianae Warb. in Arosemena Tola, Napo, Ecuador. Materials and methods. The study was carried out between 2019 and 2020, with seeds collected from the primary forest of P. mediocris and C. trianae. Germination tests were conducted in a greenhouse and in the primary forest, measuring seed emergence, tray growth, and performing an analysis of variance between the testing sites. Seedlings were transplanted into three different soil covers at the Amazon Center for Teaching, Research, and Productivity, with measurements taken for height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and survival. Growth curves were created, and an analysis of variance was performed on the final growth measurements among the different soil covers. Results. For P. mediocris, greenhouse-grown plants showed fewer days to the emergence (67.6), but those grown under guaba cover had a greater height (19.45 cm) and germination percentage (70 %) at end of the trial. For C. trianae, plants grown at the collection site had greater height (13.38 cm) and number of leaves at the end of the evaluation. Field growth did not show differences between soil covers, with survival rate of 47 % for P. mediocris and 75 % for C. trianae. Conclusions. P. mediocris showed better germination percentages under guaba cover, while C. trianae exhibited greater growth in the primary forest, with the germination site not affecting post-transplant growth for either species.

Resumen Introducción. Las especies silvestres son importantes en el ecosistema, estas requieren el desarrollo de técnicas que permitan su preservación. Objetivo. Determinar las características de germinación in situ y ex situ y el crecimiento en campo de las especies Porcelia mediocris N.A. Murray y Compsoneura trianae Warb. en Arosemena Tola, Napo, Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2019 y 2020, se colectaron semillas en el bosque primario de P. mediocris y C. trianae. Se desarrollaron pruebas de germinación en invernadero y en bosque primario, se midió la emergencia de las semillas, crecimiento en bandeja y se aplicó un análisis de varianza entre los sitios de ensayo. Las plántulas fueron trasplantadas en tres diferentes coberturas de suelo en el Centro de Enseñanza, Investigación y Productividad de la Amazonía, se tomaron medidas de crecimiento en altura, diámetro del tallo, número de hojas y supervivencia, se elaboraron las curvas de crecimiento y se realizó un análisis de varianza en las medidas finales de crecimiento entre las diferentes coberturas. Resultados. En P. mediocris, las plantas desarrolladas en invernadero reportaron menos días a la emergencia (67,6), pero las desarrolladas en la cobertura guabas tuvieron mayor altura (19,45 cm) y porcentaje de germinación (70 %) al final de la prueba. En C. trianae las plantas desarrolladas en el sitio de colecta tuvieron mayor altura (13,38 cm) y número de hojas al final de la evaluación. El crecimiento en campo no mostró diferencias entre coberturas y tuvo una supervivencia del 47 % en P. mediocris y 75 % en C. trianae. Conclusiones. P. mediocris reportó mejores porcentajes de germinación en la cobertura guabas y C. trianae tuvo mayor crecimiento en el bosque primario, sin que el sitio de germinación influyera en el crecimiento posterior al trasplante en ambas especies.

ABSTRACT The current and future tidal swamplands are very strategic as one of the Indonesia national food barns considering the decreasing of productive land. Utilization of tidal swampland for agriculture, especially rice farming in South Kalimantan by local farmers began spontaneously hundreds of years ago. Most of the tidal swampland in South Kalimantan is still planted with local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Various local rice varieties planted by farmers include Siam, Bayar, Pandak, and Lemo varieties. These local varieties have been collected, identified, and conserved ex-situ in the tidal fields of South Kalimantan. The technology of local varieties of rice cultivation from seedling to harvest is carried out traditionally and uses traditional tools. Numerous local varieties collected and conserved, undergo crossbreeding with superior varieties to generate new high-yielding varieties with flavours favoured by the local populace. The Siam Unus serves as local variety for crossbreeding, while the superior varieties include Cisokan and Dodokan. The crossing of Siam Unus with Cisokan yields Margasari variety, and with Dodokan, it produces Martapura variety. Both varieties enjoy significant popularity among farmers and the local communities in the tidal areas of South and Central Kalimantan. This paper reviews research on traditional rice farming of tidal swampland and its impact on breeding and conservation programs in South Kalimantan.

Abstract Amaranthus palmeri is an invasive weed present in Spanish territory. Populations resistant to ALS and EPSPS inhibitors have been described. It is suspected that the accumulation of multiple resistance to both modes of action (MoA) within the same population. In this study we evaluate the herbicide responses in two roadside populations of A.palmeri from Catalonia. In a dose-response essay, most of the plants treated with 540 g a.i./ha of glyphosate survived in both populations, and some individuals even survived the field dose of 1080 g/ha. Single-dose treatments with ALS inhibitors reveal high resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl (6 g a.i. ha-1) and low resistance to imazamox (40 g a.i. ha-1) in both populations. Target-site resistance mechanisms are identified as the primary cause of survival for both modes of action in both populations. Glyphosate survivors show increased EPSPS gene copies but no mutations in the target protein. Surprisingly, survivors of ALS inhibitor treatment have multiple allelic mutations at codon: Pro-197-Ser, Pro-197-Thr, Asp-376-Glu, and Trp-574-Leu. Given the selection pressure history and the high incidence of detected mutations, it is reasonable to assume an ex situ selection of these populations to these MoA. This scenario presents a significant challenge for Spanish agriculture, indicating the ongoing introduction of A. palmeri populations with multiple resistance, complicating field management.

Resumen Amaranthus palmeri es una mala hierba invasora presente en territorio español. Se han descrito poblaciones resistentes a los inhibidores de la ALS y a los de la EPSPS. Se sospecha la presencia de resistencia múltiple a los dos modos de acción en unas mismas poblaciones. En este trabajo se ensaya la respuesta a estos modos de acción (MoA) en de dos poblaciones de margen de carretera procedentes de Catalunya. En un ensayo dosis respuesta la mayoría de las plantas tratadas con 540 g i.a./ha de glifosato sobrevivía en las dos poblaciones y algunos individuos incluso a la dosis de campo de 1080g/ha. Tratamientos con dosis única con inhibidores de la ALS destacan una alta resistencia a thifensulfuron-metil (6 g a.i. ha−1) y baja a imazamox (40 g a.i. ha−1) en ambas poblaciones. El mecanismo de resistencia target-site se ha descrito como la principal causa de supervivencia para las dos poblaciones a los dos modos de acción. Las plantas supervivientes a glifosato muestran un aumento en el número de copias del gen EPSPS y ninguna mutación en la proteína diana. Sorprendentemente, las supervivientes a tratamiento con inhibidores de la ALS presentan distintas mutaciones génicas en la diana de los herbicidas: Pro-197-Ser, Pro-197-Thr, Asp-376-Glu y Trp-574-Leu. Dado el historial de presión de selección y la alta incidencia de mutaciones detectadas, es razonable suponer que ambas poblaciones hayan desarrollado dicha resistencias ex situ. Este escenario plantea un desafío importante para la agricultura española, ya que supone una continua introducción de poblaciones de A. palmeri con resistencia múltiple, complicando su manejo en campo.

Abstract Cichlid fishes exhibit rapid adaptive radiations with significant diversification rates in response to ecological variability, i.e., ecological opportunity or geographical isolation. The discovery of a Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur, Indonesia's largest volcanic lake, first reported in 2013, could represent such adaptations. Midas cichlids can now be found in a range of habitats in Lake Batur and dominate the lake's fish population by up to 60%. This study aimed to identify the interaction between habitat, water quality, and Midas cichlid in Lake Batur, facilitating morphometric variances in the fish populations. The fish were captured at five locations in Lake Batur using fishing rods, community nets with mesh sizes of 2–3 inches, experimental gillnets with mesh sizes of 1 inch, and fish scoops in floating net cages during August and November 2022. There were 46 fish samples caught from the five stations, all photographed using a digital camera and later measured using the ZEN 2012 software. The fish measurement employed a truss morphometric method using 21 distinct morphometric body features. Canonical analysis was used to determine the distribution of characteristics, while discriminant analysis was used to examine the closeness of association. The measured water quality parameters included pH, DO, temperature, conductivity, and TDS for in-situ and TSS, TP, TN, and chlorophyll A for ex-situ. The findings revealed morphometric changes among Midas cichlid species in Lake Batur caused by habitat and water quality differences. The distinction can be detected in the anterior and posterior bodies (C1, B1, C3, C6, C5, B3 and B4). Temperature and aquatic plants, Azolla pinnata, may detect the station and shape of fish in Lake Batur. Body shape cannot be identified by chlorophyll A, TN, DO, and TDS. Future genetic research could answer why fish groups with varied body types coexist in the same location. variability ie i e i.e. isolation Indonesias Indonesia s lake 2013 adaptations lakes 60 60% populations rods 23 2 3 2– inches inch 2022 4 stations 201 software features characteristics association pH DO temperature conductivity insitu situ TSS TP TN exsitu. exsitu ex situ. ex-situ differences C1, C1 C (C1 B1 B C3 C6 C5 B4. B4 . B4) plants pinnata location i.e 6 202 20 (C

Resumo Os peixes ciclídeos exibem radiações adaptativas rápidas com taxas de diversificação significativas em resposta à variabilidade ecológica, ou seja, oportunidade ecológica ou isolamento geográfico. A descoberta de uma espécie de ciclídeo Midas em Lago Batur, o maior lago vulcânico da Indonésia, relatada pela primeira vez em 2013, poderia representar tais adaptações. Os ciclídeos Midas agora podem ser encontrados em uma variedade de hábitats no Lago Batur, onde dominam a população de peixes em até 60%. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a interação entre hábitat, qualidade da água e ciclídeo Midas no Lago Batur, facilitando variações morfométricas nas populações de peixe. Os peixes foram capturados em cinco locais no Lago Batur usando varas de pesca, redes comunitárias com malhas de 2-3 polegadas, redes de emalhar experimentais com malhas de 1 polegada e colheres de peixe em gaiolas de rede flutuantes, durante agosto e novembro de 2022. Foram capturadas 46 amostras de peixes nas cinco estações, todas fotografadas com câmera digital e posteriormente medidas no software ZEN 2012. A medição dos peixes empregou um método morfométrico de treliça usando 21 características morfométricas distintas do corpo. A análise canônica foi utilizada para determinar a distribuição das características, enquanto a análise discriminante foi empregada para examinar a proximidade da associação. Os parâmetros de qualidade da água medidos incluíram pH, OD, temperatura, condutividade e TDS para in situ, e TSS, TP, TN e clorofila A para ex situ. As descobertas revelaram mudanças morfométricas entre as espécies de ciclídeos Midas no Lago Batur, causadas por diferenças de hábitat e qualidade da água. A distinção pode ser detectada nos corpos anterior e posterior (C1, B1, C3, C6, C5, B3 e B4). A temperatura e as plantas aquáticas, Azolla pinnata, podem detectar a estação e o formato dos peixes no Lago Batur. A forma do corpo não pode ser identificada pela clorofila A, TN, OD e TDS. Futuras pesquisas genéticas poderiam responder por que grupos de peixes com tipos corporais variados coexistem no mesmo local. seja geográfico Indonésia 2013 adaptações 60 60% pesca 23 2 3 2- polegadas flutuantes 2022 4 estações 2012 associação pH situ TSS TP C1, C1 C (C1 B1 B C3 C6 C5 B4. B4 . B4) aquáticas pinnata local 201 6 202 (C 20

Abstract The betta (Betta splendens) is a carnivorous ornamental species that requires live food. In this study, we evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens fingerlings fed ex-situ biofloc (BFT). A total of 375 fingerlings (8.3 ± 4.1 mg and 0.8 ± 0.14 cm) were distributed into 15-L plastic tanks (n=25), with five replicates for each of the following treatments: (i) exclusive live food (LF100), (ii) exclusive biofloc (BFT100), (iii) live food supplemented with biofloc (LF100-BFT100), and a reduction of 15% (iv) and 30% (v) in live food with biofloc supplementation (LF85-BFT100 and LF70-BFT100, respectively). The fish were fed newly hatched brine shrimp (Artemia spp. nauplii) and/or fresh biofloc, twice daily, over a 16-day experimental period. Dietary supplementation of Beta splendens with ex-situ BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100, and LF70-BFT100) resulted in a similar final weight (P>0.05) compared to exclusive brine shrimp (LF100). Regarding total length, the fish in the LF100-BFT100 group were superior to those in the LF100 group (P<0.05). The LF100 and LF100-BFT100 groups showed survival rates of 100% and 98.4%, respectively, which were not statistically different (P>0.05). For all analyzed variables, fish exclusively fed biofloc (BFT100) exhibited unfavorable performance. These results indicate that dietary ex-situ biofloc supplementation, without reducing the supply of live food, can be an interesting alternative in the rearing of Betta splendens since biofloc improves growth performance and maintains a good survival rate. study exsitu ex situ BFT. . (BFT) 37 8.3 83 8 3 (8. 41 4 1 4. 08 0 0. 014 14 0.1 cm 15L L 15 n=25, n25 n n=25 , 25 (n=25) treatments i (i LF100, LF (LF100) ii (ii BFT100, BFT100 iii (iii LF100BFT100, LF100BFT100 LFBFT (LF100-BFT100) iv (iv 30 v (v LF85BFT100 LF85 (LF85-BFT10 LF70BFT100, LF70BFT100 LF70 LF70-BFT100 respectively. respectively respectively) Artemia spp nauplii andor or daily 16day day 16 period (LF100-BFT100 LF85BFT100, LF85-BFT100 P>0.05 P005 P 05 (P>0.05 LF100. length LF100-BFT10 LF10 P<0.05. P<0.05 (P<0.05) 100 984 98 98.4% P>0.05. variables (BFT100 rate (BFT 8. (8 01 n2 n=2 2 (n=25 (LF100 BFT10 LF100BFT10 LF85BFT10 LF8 (LF85-BFT1 LF70BFT10 LF7 LF70-BFT10 (LF100-BFT10 LF85-BFT10 P>0.0 P00 (P>0.0 LF100-BFT1 LF1 P<0.0 (P<0.05 10 9 98.4 (BFT10 ( n= (n=2 (LF10 BFT1 LF100BFT1 LF85BFT1 (LF85-BFT LF70BFT1 LF70-BFT1 (LF100-BFT1 LF85-BFT1 P>0. P0 (P>0. LF100-BFT P<0. (P<0.0 98. (BFT1 (n= (LF1 LF100BFT LF85BFT LF70BFT LF70-BFT (LF100-BFT LF85-BFT P>0 (P>0 P<0 (P<0. (n (LF P> (P> P< (P<0 (P (P<

Resumo O beta (Betta splendens) é uma espécie ornamental carnívora que necessita de alimentos vivos. Neste estudo, avaliamos o crescimento e a sobrevivência de alevinos de beta alimentados com bioflocos produzidos ex-situ (BFT). Um total de 375 alevinos (8,3 ± 4,1 mg e 0,8 ± 0,14 cm) foi distribuído em tanques plásticos de 15 L (n=25), com cinco repetições para cada um dos seguintes tratamentos: (i) alimentação viva exclusiva (LF100), (ii) biofloco exclusivo (BFT100), (iii) alimentação viva suplementada com biofloco (LF100-BFT100), e uma redução de 15% (iv) e 30% (v) na alimentação viva com suplementação de biofloco (LF85-BFT100 e LF70-BFT100, respectivamente). Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes por dia com artemia recém-eclodida (Artemia spp. nauplii) e/ou bioflocos frescos durante um período experimental de 16 dias. A suplementação de BFT (LF100-BFT100, LF85-BFT100 e LF70-BFT100) na dieta de Beta splendens resultou em peso final semelhante à dieta contendo exclusivamente artemia (LF100). Em relação ao comprimento total, os peixes do grupo LF100-BFT100 foram superiores aos do grupo LF100 (P<0,05). Os grupos LF100 e LF100-BFT100 apresentaram taxas de sobrevivência de 100% e 98,4%, respectivamente, as quais não diferiram estatisticamente entre si (P>0,05). Para todas as variáveis analisadas, os peixes alimentados exclusivamente com bioflocos (BFT100) apresentaram desempenho desfavorável. Esses resultados indicam que a suplementação dietética com bioflocos ex-situ, sem redução na oferta de alimento vivo, pode ser uma alternativa interessante no cultivo de Betta splendens, uma vez que o bioflocos melhora o desempenho em crescimento e mantém boa taxa de sobrevivência. vivos estudo exsitu ex situ BFT. . (BFT) 37 8,3 83 8 3 (8, 41 4 1 4, 08 0 0, 014 14 0,1 cm n=25, n25 n n=25 , 25 (n=25) tratamentos i (i LF100, LF (LF100) ii (ii BFT100, BFT100 iii (iii LF100BFT100, LF100BFT100 LFBFT (LF100-BFT100) iv (iv 30 v (v LF85BFT100 LF85 (LF85-BFT10 LF70BFT100, LF70BFT100 LF70 LF70-BFT100 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) recémeclodida recém eclodida Artemia spp nauplii eou ou dias (LF100-BFT100 LF85-BFT10 LF100. LF100-BFT10 LF10 P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 05 (P<0,05) 100 984 98 98,4% P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) analisadas (BFT100 desfavorável exsitu, situ, vivo (BFT 8, (8 01 n2 n=2 2 (n=25 (LF100 BFT10 LF100BFT10 LF85BFT10 LF8 (LF85-BFT1 LF70BFT10 LF7 LF70-BFT10 (LF100-BFT10 LF85-BFT1 LF100-BFT1 LF1 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 10 9 98,4 P>0,0 (P>0,05 (BFT10 ( n= (n=2 (LF10 BFT1 LF100BFT1 LF85BFT1 (LF85-BFT LF70BFT1 LF70-BFT1 (LF100-BFT1 LF85-BFT LF100-BFT P0 P<0, (P<0,0 98, P>0, (P>0,0 (BFT1 (n= (LF1 LF100BFT LF85BFT LF70BFT LF70-BFT (LF100-BFT P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, (n (LF P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

ABSTRACT: Dental abscess in ruminants is an acute polymicrobial infection, usually resulting from periodontal disease or endodontic infection, with consequences for animal health and welfare. The present study aimed to describe the bacterial microbiota of dental abscesses in Blastocerus dichotomus. Biological material from mandibular dental abscesses, punctured with a sterile syringe and needle during routine veterinary curative procedures or necropsies, was collected from three ex-situ marsh deer. Bacteria were identified using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The three specimens had the presence of facial bulging, and two died because of severe emaciation with a history of progressive weight loss. Bacteroides (38.6%), Fusobacterium (36.65%), and Porphyromonas (7.49%) represented the most abundant genera and Fusobacterium necrophorum (35.69%), Porphyromonas levii (3.12%) and Porphyromonas gulae (1.78%) were among the ten most represented species in the microbiota of mandibular abscess in Blastocerus dichotomus. These molecular findings demonstrate a broader diversity of species in the polymicrobial nature of dental abscesses in B. dichotomus than was previously reported when culture-dependent methods were used in the diagnosis. ABSTRACT infection welfare necropsies exsitu ex situ deer highthroughput high throughput S gene bulging loss 38.6%, 386 38.6% , 38 6 (38.6%) 36.65%, 3665 36.65% 36 65 (36.65%) 7.49% 749 7 49 (7.49% 35.69%, 3569 35.69% 35 69 (35.69%) 3.12% 312 3 12 (3.12% 1.78% 178 1 78 (1.78% B culturedependent culture dependent diagnosis 38.6 (38.6% 366 36.65 (36.65% 7.49 74 4 (7.49 356 35.69 (35.69% 3.12 31 (3.12 1.78 17 (1.78 38. (38.6 36.6 (36.65 7.4 (7.4 35.6 (35.69 3.1 (3.1 1.7 (1.7 (38. 36. (36.6 7. (7. 35. (35.6 3. (3. 1. (1. (38 (36. (7 (35. (3 (1 (36 ( (35

RESUMO: O abcesso dentário em ruminantes é uma infeção polimicrobiana aguda, geralmente resultante de doença periodontal ou infeção endodôntica, com consequências para a saúde e bem-estar animal. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever a microbiota bacteriana de abscessos dentários em Blastocerus dichotomus. Material biológico de abscessos dentários mandibulares, puncionados com seringa e agulha estéril durante procedimentos curativos veterinários de rotina ou necropsias, foi coletado de três cervos do pantanal criados ex situ. As bactérias foram identificadas usando sequenciamento de alto rendimento do gene 16S ribossomal RNA. Os três espécimes apresentavam abaulamento facial e dois faleceram por emagrecimento severo com histórico de emagrecimento progressivo. Bacteroides (38,6%), Fusobacterium (36,65%) e Porphyromonas (7,49%) representaram os gêneros mais abundantes e Fusobacterium necrophorum (35,69%), Porphyromonas levii (3,12%) e Porphyromonas gulae (1,78%) estavam entre as dez espécies mais representadas na microbiota do abscesso mandibular em Blastocerus dichotomus. Esses achados moleculares demonstram uma diversidade mais ampla de espécies na natureza polimicrobiana dos abscessos dentários em B. dichotomus, do que o relatado anteriormente quando métodos dependentes de cultura foram utilizados no diagnóstico. RESUMO aguda endodôntica bemestar bem estar animal dichotomus mandibulares necropsias situ S RNA progressivo 38,6%, 386 38,6% , 38 6 (38,6%) 36,65% 3665 36 65 (36,65% 7,49% 749 7 49 (7,49% 35,69%, 3569 35,69% 35 69 (35,69%) 3,12% 312 3 12 (3,12% 1,78% 178 1 78 (1,78% B diagnóstico 38,6 (38,6% 36,65 366 (36,65 7,49 74 4 (7,49 356 35,69 (35,69% 3,12 31 (3,12 1,78 17 (1,78 38, (38,6 36,6 (36,6 7,4 (7,4 35,6 (35,69 3,1 (3,1 1,7 (1,7 (38, 36, (36, 7, (7, 35, (35,6 3, (3, 1, (1, (38 (36 (7 (35, (3 (1 ( (35

ABSTRACT Water deficit or flooding can damage the photosynthetic and enzymatic metabolism in plants such as Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. Thus, knowledge of technologies that can mitigate stress damage is necessary for the ex-situ cultivation of these species. This study evaluates the potential of hydrogel (H) to mitigate water stress and assist in the recovery of E. myrcianthes seedlings under different water conditions. The seedlings were separated into three water regimes: R1 - continuous irrigation (control); R2 - intermittent stress, characterized by two stress cycles: water restriction followed by flooding (stress); and R3 - intermittent stress + hydrogel - Forth® gel (stress + H). Evaluations occurred in six periods: zero time (T0), 1st zero photosynthesis (P0), 1st recovery (REC), 2nd P0, 2nd REC, and END. E. myrcianthes seedlings responded to water conditions with reduced CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance during stressful conditions. We observed decrease in the growth parameters of this species under stress, including leaf area and biomass. Under stress, independent of H, plants increased the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and the content of the amino acid proline. We observed recovery potential in most of the evaluated traits. E. myrcianthes seedlings showed morphophysiological changes due to water deficit and flooding. Still, hydrogel did not contribute to alleviating the effects of water deficit on gas exchange and did not affect flooding. Seedlings showed survival and resumption of metabolism and growth after stressful conditions. This demonstrates their resilience due to physiological plasticity, regardless of the use of hydrogel. Nied Thus exsitu ex situ H (H E regimes R control (control) cycles (stress) Forth H. . H) periods T0, T0 T , (T0) st P0 P (P0) REC (REC) nd END CO rate transpiration biomass dismutase peroxidase proline traits Still plasticity (control (T0 (P0 (REC (T (P

RESUMO O déficit hídrico ou alagamento podem ocasionar danos nas plantas, como Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. Assim, o conhecimento de tecnologias que possam mitigar os danos causados pelo estresse é necessário para o cultivo ex situ dessas espécies. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do hidrogel (H) em mitigar o estresse hídrico e de auxiliar na recuperação de mudas de Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. sob flutuações hídricas. As mudas foram separadas em três regimes hídricos: R1) irrigação contínua (controle), R2) Estresse intermitente: caracterizado por dois ciclos de estresse, sendo o primeiro a restrição hídrica, e o segundo alagamento (Estresse hídrico) e R3) Estresse intermitente + Hidrogel - Forth® gel (Estresse + H). As avaliações foram realizadas em seis épocas: tempo zero, 1ª fotossíntese zero (F0), 1ª recuperação (REC), 2ª F0, 2ª REC e FINAL. Foram avaliadas características fotoquímicas, morfológicas e antioxidantes. As mudas de E. myrcianthes responderam às flutuações hídricas, havendo redução das trocas gasosas. As plantas sob estresse, independente do H, aumentaram a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase, peroxidase e do conteúdo do aminoácido prolina. Conclui-se que mudas de E. myrcianthes apresentaram mudanças fisiológicas quanto ao déficit hídrico e alagamento, mas o H não contribuiu em aliviar o déficit hídrico sobre as trocas gasosas e não prejudicou no alagamento. As mudas apresentaram sobrevivência, retomada do metabolismo após as condições estressantes demonstrando capacidade de resiliência por plasticidade fisiológica, independente do uso do hidrogel. Nied Assim espécies Objetivouse Objetivou se (H hídricas hídricos R1 R controle, controle , (controle) R2 hídrica R3 Forth H. . H) épocas ª F0 F (F0) REC, (REC) FINAL fotoquímicas antioxidantes E dismutase prolina Concluise Conclui sobrevivência fisiológica (controle (F0 (REC (F

ABSTRACT Conservation of plant genetic resources is vital for maintaining diversity for future use. The conservation of pollen grains is one of the tools complementary to conventional conservation strategies and plays an important role in breeding programs. Considering the importance of genipap trees and the lack of studies related to their floral biology and pollen conservation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the storage potential of pollen grains under different storage conditions. This study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, SE, Brazil. Flowers were collected in the preanthesis phase, and the pollen grains were placed in cryotubes and kept at different temperatures (i.e., 4°C, -20°C, -80°C, and -196°C) after extraction. Evaluations were performed after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days of storage. After 180 days, the germination percentage of the pollen tube was greater than 60.00% for all storage temperatures. The lowest percentage (60.21%) was observed under the storage condition of 4°C. Therefore, the other three temperatures are more highly recommended for ex situ conservation of pollen grains. use programs conditions Costeiros Aracaju SE Brazil phase i.e., ie i e (i.e. 4C C 4 4°C 20°C, 20C 20 -20°C 80°C, 80C 80 -80°C 196°C 196C 196 -196°C extraction 30 60 90 120 150 18 6000 00 60.00 60.21% 6021 21 (60.21% Therefore i.e. (i.e 20°C 2 80°C 8 19 3 6 9 12 15 1 600 0 60.0 60.21 602 (60.21 i.e 60. 60.2 (60.2 (60. (60 (6 (

RESUMO A conservação de recursos genéticos vegetais é vital para manter a diversidade para uso futuro. A conservação de grãos de pólen é uma das ferramentas complementares às estratégias convencionais de conservação além de desempenhar um papel importante em programas de melhoramento. Considerando a importância do jenipapeiro e à escassez de trabalhos relacionados à biologia floral e conservação de pólen, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de armazenamento de grãos de pólen em diferentes condições de armazenamento. O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros, Aracaju, SE. A coleta de flores foi realizada na fase de préantese e após a extração, os grãos de pólen foram acondicionados em criotubos e mantidos nas seguintes temperaturas: 4°C, -20°C, - 80°C e -196°C. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias de armazenamento. Após 180 dias, as porcentagens de germinação do tubo polínico foram superiores a 60,00% em todas as temperaturas. A menor porcentagem foi observada em condição de armazenamento de 4°C com 60,21%. Sendo as demais temperaturas as mais indicadas para conservação ex situ de grãos de pólen. futuro melhoramento Costeiros Aracaju SE extração 4C C 4 20°C, 20C 20 -20°C 80C 80 196°C. 196C 196 -196°C 30 60 90 120 15 18 6000 00 60,00 6021 21 60,21% 20°C 2 8 196°C 19 3 6 9 12 1 600 0 60,0 602 60,21 60,2

ABSTRACT: The ex situ conservation of recalcitrant seeds has been one of the biggest challenges in seed technology. Different strategies have emerged in recent years and among these strategies, osmotic conditioning at controlled temperatures has shown excellent results. Therefore, the objective of this research was to store recalcitrant seeds of E. uniflora through osmotic conditioning in order to reduce the metabolism of these seeds and extend their storability. The seeds were stored at temperatures of 10 and 25 °C in PEG solutions at 0.0 (water), -0.5, -1.0, -1.5, and -2.0 MPa, as well as without moistening, for 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. There was a reduction in metabolism in the treatments with PEG, and seed viability was maintained after 18 months at 25 °C and -1.5 MPa. ABSTRACT technology results Therefore E storability 1 2 C 00 0 0. water, water , (water) 0.5, 05 5 -0.5 1.0, -1.0 1.5, 15 2.0 20 -2. MPa moistening 3 6 12 1.5 -1. (water 0.5 -0. 1.0 2. -2 1. -1 -0 -

RESUMO: A conservação ex situ de sementes recalcitrantes tem sido um dos maiores desafios da tecnologia de sementes. Diferentes estratégias surgiram nos últimos anos e dentre essas estratégias, o condicionamento osmótico em temperaturas controladas tem demonstrado excelentes resultados. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi armazenar sementes recalcitrantes de E. uniflora por meio de condicionamento osmótico, a fim de reduzir o metabolismo dessas sementes e ampliar sua capacidade de armazenamento. As sementes foram armazenadas nas temperaturas de 10 e 25 °C em soluções de PEG a 0,0 (água), -0,5, -1,0, -1,5 e -2,0 MPa e sem umedecimento, durante 3, 6, 12 e 18 meses. Os resultados demonstraram redução do metabolismo nos tratamentos com PEG, e a viabilidade das sementes foi mantida após 18 meses a 25 °C e -1,5 MPa. RESUMO Portanto E armazenamento 1 2 C 00 0 0, água, água , (água) 0,5, 05 5 -0,5 1,0, -1,0 1,5 15 -1, 2,0 20 -2, umedecimento 3 6 (água 0,5 -0, 1,0 1, -1 2, -2 -0 -

Abstract Over the past 40 years, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have grown significantly in scale and innovation, from the bovine embryo industry’s shift from in vivo derived to in vitro produced embryos and the development of somatic cell-based approaches for embryo production. Domestic animal models have been instrumental in the development of ARTs for wildlife species in support of the One Plan Approach to species conservation that integrates in situ and ex situ population management strategies. While ARTs are not the sole solution to the biodiversity crisis, they can offer opportunities to maintain, and even improve, the genetic composition of the captive and wild gene pools over time. This review focuses on the application of sperm and embryo technologies (artificial insemination and multiple ovulation/in vitro produced embryo transfer, respectively) in wildlife species, highlighting impactful cases in which significant progress or innovation has transpired. One of the key messages following decades of efforts in this field is the importance of collaboration between researchers and practitioners from zoological, academic, governmental, and private sectors. 4 years (ARTs industrys industry s cellbased cell based production strategies crisis maintain improve time artificial ovulationin ovulation transfer respectively transpired zoological academic governmental sectors

ABSTRACT The mangaba Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) is more commercially viable than other native Cerrado fruit trees due to its nutritional properties and high production of fruit used in food products. Although thrips have been reported injuring mangaba, the identification of possible species of economic importance is not yet available. Thus, identifying species that may threaten mangaba plant health is a vital step in implementing management strategies. The aim of this present study was to survey thrips species during the reproductive stage of H. speciosa, determine the variety most susceptible to damage caused by these insects and to check whether the damage is economically important to this fruit tree. Thrips were collected from the ex-situ germplasm of the Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiás state, Brazil. Twelve plants of three H. speciosa varieties (gardneri, cuyabensis and pubescens) were selected, from which 20 flowers and 20 fruits were assessed for the presence of thrips in September 2018 and 2019. A total of 1,306 thrips representing 13 species were collected from flowers. Of these, Frankliniella gemina was the most abundant. On the fruits, circular lesions were observed, initially as white spots that subsequently turned silver, possibly caused by Heliothrips longisensibilis. These injuries are superficial, rarely compromising large portions of the fruit, and do not cause economic damage. Therefore, thrips are not a primary threat to fruit production for fresh consumption or processing. Apocynaceae (Apocynaceae products available Thus strategies H tree exsitu ex situ state Brazil gardneri, gardneri (gardneri pubescens selected 2 201 2019 1306 1 306 1,30 abundant observed silver longisensibilis superficial Therefore processing 130 30 1,3 3 1,

Abstract This study presents the green synthesis of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide (BC-ZnO) composites. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced through the fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum, using tofu liquid waste as a bacterial medium under optimal conditions. Following purification, BC underwent characterization through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The results confirmed the successful formation of BC, highlighting its functional groups, crystallinity, surface morphology, and elemental composition. The BC-ZnO composite was synthesized using an ex-situ chemical method, with characterization data revealing that ZnO was successfully impregnated onto the BC template, constituting 40.92% of the BC-ZnO material by mass. The antibacterial efficacy of the BC-ZnO composite was evaluated against Propionibacterium acnes using the diffusion method. The results demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect, with a zone of inhibition measuring 18.7 mm, categorizing it as strongly antibacterial. cellulosezinc zinc BCZnO (BC-ZnO composites (BC xylinum conditions purification FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) XRay X Ray XRD, XRD (XRD) SEM, SEM (SEM) EnergyDispersive Energy Dispersive Xray ray EDX. EDX . (EDX) groups crystallinity morphology composition exsitu ex situ method template 4092 40 92 40.92 mass effect 187 18 7 18. mm (FTIR (XRD (SEM (EDX 409 4 9 40.9 1 40.

Abstract: Aims This study aims to analyze the efficiency of two novel methods for ex situ zooplankton hatching experiments, compared with a traditional one. Both proposed methods were specifically designed to minimize sediment resuspension during the sampling of hatched individuals when no previous egg isolation is performed. Methods Sediment samples were collected from shallow lakes, homogenized, and incubated for 18 days under stable laboratory conditions. The traditional method (1M) involved simple water filtration from incubated sediments. The so called “inverted funnel filtering” method (2M) includes an inverted funnel located above the sediment to trap zooplankton that passes through the funnel aperture, and the “levels filtering” method (3M) involves perforated plates above the sediment. The efficiency of each method was evaluated by analyzing the cumulative abundance and number of taxa in hatched total zooplankton, rotifers, and microcrustaceans, as well as the overall composition. Results The new proposed methods significantly favored higher abundances than 1M for total zooplankton and rotifers. Even more, 3M outperformed 2M in the case of microcrustacean hatching abundances. Conclusions Our findings suggest that despite all analyzed methods being suitable for studying zooplankton hatchings, the newly proposed methods incorporating internal structures to minimize sediment resuspension displayed increased capture efficiency. Abstract experiments one performed lakes homogenized 1 conditions M (1M sediments filtering (2M aperture levels (3M rotifers microcrustaceans composition more hatchings

Resumo: Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficiência de dois novos métodos para experimentos de eclosão de zooplâncton ex situ, comparados com um método tradicional. Ambos os métodos propostos foram especificamente projetados para minimizar a ressuspensão de sedimentos durante a amostragem de indivíduos eclodidos quando não há isolamento prévio dos ovos. Métodos Amostras de sedimentos foram coletadas de lagos rasos, homogeneizadas e incubadas por 18 dias em condições laboratoriais estáveis. O método tradicional (1M) envolveu uma simples filtração da água dos sedimentos incubados. O método chamado “filtragem por funil invertido” (2M) inclui um funil invertido localizado acima do sedimento para capturar zooplâncton que passasse pela abertura do funil, e o método “filtragem por níveis” (3M) envolveu placas perfuradas acima do sedimento. A eficiência de cada método foi avaliada analisando a abundância cumulativa e o número de táxons no zooplâncton total eclodido, rotíferos e microcrustáceos, bem como a composição geral. Resultados Os novos métodos propostos favoreceram significativamente uma maior abundância do que 1M para zooplâncton total e rotíferos. Além disso, 3M superou 2M no caso das capturas de eclosão de microcrustáceos. Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem que, apesar de todos os métodos analisados serem adequados para estudar eclosões de zooplâncton, os novos métodos propostos que incorporam estruturas internas para minimizar a ressuspensão de sedimentos apresentaram maior eficiência de captura. Resumo situ ovos rasos 1 estáveis M (1M incubados filtragem (2M níveis (3M eclodido microcrustáceos geral disso Conclusões captura

Abstract The technological development of tools that enable the spawning of different native species is paramount to enable ex situ conservation initiatives, as well as providing means for commercial hatchery of threatened fish which, in turn, relieve fisheries pressure over wild stocks. Neotropical migratory freshwater fish depend on hormonal induction for spawning in hatcheries, through expensive methods of limited efficiency. Salminus brasiliensis is one of the largest Neotropical freshwater fish, a piscivorous top-predator, prized in angling, highly valued in the market, and appreciated in gastronomy. Teleost fish have either, two or three GnRH paralogous genes: GnRH1, GnRH2 and the GnRH3. The expression products of these paralogous isoforms consist of a larger prepro-GnRH polypeptide, which undergoes post-translational proteolytic processing to yield the active decapeptide hormone. There is increasing interest in characterizing and understanding these neuropeptides, because of its practical application in hatchery spawning. We present the characterization of GnRH1’s coding sequence for the prepro-GnRH1 polypeptide of S. brasiliensis. An annotation from a genomic assembly was used for searching for GnRH paralogues, based on data from anonymous predicted transcripts. The sequence retrieved for GnRH1 was then used as a query for searching the uncharacterized GnRH paralogues from full genomes of Characiformes deposited at NCBI. The S. brasiliensis GnRH1 gene sequence retrieved was targeted for PCR and submitted to Sanger sequencing, allowing for its confirmation. It spans 423 bp (exon 1: 128 bp; intron: 161 bp; and exon 2: 1134 bp), with open reading frames coding for 264 and 88 amino acids, respectively. The different variants retrieved for the prepro-GnRH (1, 2 and 3) from Characiformes genomes and deposited sequences from NCBI grouped in three distinct clades in a neighbor joining tree, each forming a monophyletic branch and with the S. brasiliensis sequences nested within the expected groups. Here we observed a variation at a proteolytic site (GKR→GRR), reported as highly conserved in vertebrates up to now, that can potentially alter the cleavage site and modify the peptide topology. This work has characterized, for the first time, the sequence of the GnRH1 coding for its prepro-GnRH peptide, for a member of the Charaficormes order. This will help to promote research and development of tools for broodstock spawning and environmental management of S. brasiliensis and related migratory fish. initiatives turn stocks hatcheries efficiency toppredator, toppredator top predator, predator top-predator angling market gastronomy either genes GnRH3 preproGnRH prepro posttranslational post translational hormone neuropeptides GnRH1s GnRHs s preproGnRH1 S transcripts sequencing confirmation 42 1 12 intron 16 113 bp, , bp) 26 8 acids respectively 1, (1 3 tree groups GKR→GRR, GKRGRR GKR→GRR GKR GRR (GKR→GRR) now topology characterized time order 4 11 ( (GKR→GRR

Resumo O desenvolvimento tecnológico de ferramentas que possibilitem a reprodução de diferentes espécies nativas é fundamental para viabilizar iniciativas de conservação ex situ, bem como fornecer meios para produção comercial de peixes ameaçados que, por sua vez, aliviam a pressão pesqueira sobre os estoques selvagens. Peixes migratórios de água doce Neotropicais dependem de indução hormonal para desova em pisciculturas, com métodos caros e de eficiência limitada. Salminus brasiliensis é um dos maiores peixes de água doce Neotropicais, predador de topo piscívoro, admirado na pesca esportiva, muito valorizado no mercado e apreciado na gastronomia. O hormônio liberador de gonadotrofina (GnRH) é uma molécula-chave na reprodução em todos os vertebrados. Os peixes teleósteos possuem dois ou três genes parálogos de GnRH: GnRH1, GnRH2 e GnRH3. Os produtos de expressão gênica dessas isoformas parálogas consistem em um polipeptídeo maior, pré-pró-GnRH, que sofre processamento proteolítico pós-traducional para produzir o hormônio decapeptídeo ativo. Há um interesse crescente na caracterização e compreensão desses neuropeptídeos, devido à sua aplicação prática na reprodução em pisciculturas. Aqui apresentamos a caracterização da sequência codificadora de GnRH1 para o polipeptídeo pré-pŕo-GnRH1 de S. brasiliensis. Uma anotação de montagem genômica foi usada para procurar parálogos de GnRH, com base em dados de transcritos anônimos preditos em um arquivo de anotação gênica. A sequência recuperada para GnRH1 foi então usada como argumento de busca para procura de parálogos não caracterizados de GnRH, a partir de genomas completos de Characiformes depositados no NCBI. A sequência recuperada de S. brasiliensis do gene GnRH1 foi alvo de PCR e submetida ao sequenciamento Sanger, permitindo a sua confirmação. Esta abrange 423 pb (éxon 1: 128 pb; íntron: 161 pb; éxon 2: 134 pb), com janelas abertas de leitura que codificam para 264 e 88 aminoácidos, respectivamente. As diferentes variantes do pré-pró-GnRH (1, 2 e 3) recuperadas dos genomas completos e sequências depositadas de Characiformes no NCBI agruparam-se em três clados distintos, numa árvore de neighbour joining, cada um formando um ramo monofilético e com as sequências de S. brasiliensis aninhadas dentro dos grupos esperados. Aqui observamos uma variação em um sítio proteolítico (GKR→GRR), até então relatado como altamente conservado em vertebrados, que pode potencialmente alterar o sítio de clivagem e modificar a topologia do peptídeo. Este trabalho caracteriza, pela primeira vez, a sequência do gene GnRH1 que codifica para o peptídeo pré-pró-GnRH1, para um membro da ordem Characiformes. Isto ajudará a promover a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de ferramentas para a reprodução em piscicultura e a gestão ambiental de S. brasiliensis e outros peixes migratórios relacionados. situ vez selvagens pisciculturas limitada piscívoro esportiva gastronomia GnRH (GnRH moléculachave molécula chave vertebrados GnRH3 maior prépróGnRH, prépróGnRH pré pró póstraducional pós traducional ativo neuropeptídeos prépŕoGnRH1 prépŕoGnRH pŕo pré-pŕo-GnRH S Sanger confirmação 42 1 12 íntron 16 13 pb, , pb) 26 8 aminoácidos respectivamente 1, (1 3 agruparamse agruparam se distintos joining esperados GKR→GRR, GKRGRR GKR→GRR GKR GRR (GKR→GRR) caracteriza prépróGnRH1, prépróGnRH1 pré-pró-GnRH1 relacionados 4 ( (GKR→GRR

Abstract The application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in biofilms studies has been long reported due to the great variety and diversity of applications that are involved in many fields, for instance, in Bioelectrochemical Systems (BES), drinking water distribution systems, electrochemical sensors, food industry, medical devices; among others. Microbial attachment and biofilm growth have been extensively investigated using EIS due to their non-destructive nature; however, several studies (using a three-electrode system) have described changes in the electrochemical parameters that model biofilm development. Therefore, this overview focused on the EIS data analysis by an electrical equivalent circuit (eec). The most representative studies on attachment, biofilm formation, Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS), and charge transfer phenomena were discussed. Consequently, the goals of this overview are: Distinguish between the ways of studying biofilm growth (in-situ/ex-situ). EIS data validation by Kramers Kronig relations. The discussion of the electrical elements of eec. Due to the heterogeneity of the reviewed information, the biofilms are divided into two groups: strong electroactive and another group: weak electroactive and non-electroactive biofilms. The importance of this manuscript is to present the biofilm-electrode interface by the electrical elements of various biofilms studied under different conditions, establish an overview of the working methods followed by different authors, and discuss the results obtained on diverse biofilms. Lastly, this overview might help as a general outlook for planning further research.

Resumen La aplicación de la Espectroscopía de Impedancia Electroquímica (EIS) en estudios de biopelículas, ha sido ampliamente reportada debido a la gran variedad y diversidad de aplicaciones que están involucradas en diversos campos, por ejemplo, en sistemas bioelectroquímicos (BES), sistemas de distribución de agua potable, sensores electroquímicos, industria alimentaria, dispositivos médicos; entre otros. La adherencia microbiana y el crecimiento de biopelículas se han investigado ampliamente mediante EIS debido a su naturaleza no destructiva; sin embargo, diversos estudios han descrito cambios en los parámetros electroquímicos que modelan el desarrollo de las biopelículas. Por lo tanto, esta revisión general se centró en el análisis de datos de EIS mediante un circuito eléctrico equivalente (eec). Se discutieron los estudios más representativos sobre attachment, formación de biopelículas, Sustancias Poliméricas Extracelulares (EPS) y fenómenos de transferencia de carga. Por consiguiente, los objetivos de esta revisión son Distinguir entre las formas de estudiar el crecimiento de biopelículas (in-situ/ex-situ). La validación de los datos de EIS por relaciones de Kramers Kronig. La discusión de los elementos de eec. Debido a que la información revisada sobre biopelículas es muy heterogénea, las biopelículas se dividen en dos grupos: electroactivas fuertes, y el otro grupo: electroactivas débiles y biopelículas no electroactivas. La importancia de este manuscrito es presentar la interfase biopelícula-electrodo mediante los elementos eléctricos de varias biopelículas estudiadas bajo diferentes condiciones, establecer una visión general de los métodos de trabajo seguidos por diferentes autores y discutir los resultados obtenidos en diversos tipos de biopelículas. Por último, esta revisión contribuye como una perspectiva general para planificar futuras investigaciones.