Resumen Introducción: La cuenca del rio Tambo es uno de los principales sistemas hidrográficos de la vertiente occidental del Perú y fuente de desarrollo para la agricultura, agroindustria, ganadería y consumo doméstico en el valle de Tambo y la ciudad de Arequipa. Objetivo: Analizar la estructura de macroinvertebrados en el río Tambo, Perú y evaluar la calidad del agua a través de esta comunidad. Métodos: Entre diciembre del 2018 y noviembre del 2019 se realizaron cinco muestreos en 12 estaciones, empleando una red Surber (500 μm). Los macroinvertebrados se identificaron a nivel de familia. Se registró la riqueza, dominancia de Simpson, equidad de Pielou, y diversidad verdadera de orden 1, para evaluar la estructura de la comunidad. Para estimar la similitud, se utilizó nMDS (índice de Bray-Curtis). Para verificar si existen diferencias en la estructura comunitaria, se empleó MANOVA de dos vías y ANOSIM. Para establecer la contribución de las familias a la similitud entre muestras, se utilizó SIMPER. La relación entre variables fisicoquímicas y biológicas se determinó con ACC. Se aplicó el índice ABI para evaluar la calidad ecológica. Resultados: se reconocieron 32 familias, siendo las más abundantes: Baetidae, Chironomidae, Leptohyphidae, Simuliidae, Hydroptilidae y Elmidae. La mayor y menor diversidad se presentó en la parte media y baja de la cuenca respectivamente. Existieron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05) de los índices de estructura comunitaria entre las 12 estaciones. Se evidenció mayor similitud entre las 12 estaciones en diciembre. Los puntajes del índice ABI se incrementan de la parte baja del río a la media, que se presentó la mejor calidad ecológica. Conclusión: Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados del río Tambo reflejan el estado del ecosistema. Los ambientes con impacto por actividad humana registran menor diversidad y calidad ecológica, ya que se altera la estructura, hábitat y calidad de agua del río.

Abstract Introduction: The River Tambo basin is one of the main hydrographic systems of the Peruvian western watershed, being a source of development for agriculture, agroindustry, livestock, and domestic use in the Tambo Valley and Arequipa City. Objective: To analyze the structure of macroinvertebrates in River Tambo, Perú and assess the water quality through this community. Methods: Five sampling events were conducted between December 2018 and November 2019 in 12 stations, using a Surber net (500 μm). Macroinvertebrates were identified at a family level. To assess community structure, richness, Simpson’s dominance index (D), Pielou’s evenness (J’), and true diversity of order 1 were determined. A nMDS based on the Bray-Curtis index was used to evaluate dissimilarity. To check for differences in community structure, ANOSIM and two-way MANOVA were used. SIMPER was used to establish family contribution to sample similarity. Relations between physicochemical and biological variables were determined by CCA. ABI index was applied to assess ecological quality. Results: 32 families were recognized, being the most abundant: Baetidae, Chironomidae, Leptohyphidae, Simuliidae, Hydroptilidae, and Elmidae. The middle and low zones of the basin showed the highest and lowest diversity respectively. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the community structure indices among the 12 stations differed. There was a higher similarity among the 12 stations in December. ABI scores increased from the low to the middle part of the river, which showed the highest ecological quality. Conclusion: Macroinvertebrate communities from River Tambo reflect ecosystem conditions. Environments impacted by human activities show lower diversity and ecological quality, due to the structure, habitat, and water quality of the river being altered.

Resumen En México, Pseudotsuga menziesii está “sujeta a protección especial” por su distribución restringida en poblaciones pequeñas y aisladas en las Sierras Madre Occidental y Oriental, y algunas localidades del Centro de México. Actualmente, son escasos los estudios ecológicos que permitan implementar estrategias para su conservación. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la distribución, estructura y diversidad de bosques mixtos con presencia de esta especie en Chihuahua. Mediante la Carta de Uso de Suelo y Vegetación de Chihuahua escala 1:50 000, coordenadas geográficas del Inventario Estatal Forestal y de Suelos (Iefys) 2009-2014 y registros de diversas localidades, se elaboró el mapa de su distribución en el estado. Con la información del estrato arbóreo de 11 localidades del Iefys se determinó el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) y la diversidad con el Índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’) y de Equidad de Pielou (J’); la prueba de t de Hutcheson se utilizó para obtener diferencias significativas de H’ y la diversidad verdadera para la magnitud de sus diferencias. Se registraron 21 especies, las de mayor importancia fueron Pinus durangensis, Pinus strobiformis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus arizonica y Quercus sideroxyla. La especie de interés se distribuye en 23 municipios de Chihuahua, y comprende una superficie aproximada de 17 000 ha. Los valores de H’ (<2.00) y J’ (>0.70) indican una baja diversidad y una alta equidad de sus abundancias. El presente estudio contribuirá a la Estrategia Estatal para la Conservación y Uso Sustentable de la Biodiversidad de especies en riesgo.

Abstract Pseudotsuga menziesii is “subject to special protection”. In Mexico due to its restricted distribution in small and isolated populations in the Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental, and some localities in Central Mexico. Currently, few ecological studies allow implementation strategies for its conservation. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the distribution, structure and diversity of mixed forests with the presence of this species in Chihuahua. Using the Land Use and Vegetation Chart of Chihuahua State scale 1:50 000, geographical coordinates of the State Forest and Soil Inventory (Iefys) 2009-2014 and records of various locations, the map of its distribution in the state was prepared. With the information on the tree stratum of 11 Iefys locations, the Importance Value Index (IVI) and diversity were determined with the Shannon-Wiener index (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J'); Hutcheson's t-test was used to obtain significant differences in H' and true diversity for the magnitude of their differences. 21 species were recorded, of which the most important are Pinus durangensis, Pinus strobiformis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Pinus arizonica and Quercus sideroxyla. The species of interest is distributed in 23 municipalities of Chihuahua, and covers an approximate area of 17 000 ha. The values of H' (<2.00) and J' (>0.70) indicate low diversity and high evenness of their abundances. The present study will contribute to the State Strategy for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of the Biodiversity of species at risk.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate how phytoplankton community diversity, dominance, and rarity are influenced by different local environmental conditions in urban lakes. We expect that richness will be negatively influenced in lakes with higher nutrient concentrations and high turbidity, while abundance will be positively influenced. Thus, lakes with these conditions will have greater dominance of a few species and lower rarity, and the opposite in lakes with lower nutrient concentrations and less turbidity. Methods Phytoplankton and abiotic variables samples were collected in fourteen lakes distributed in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, during a rainy period. Results It was possible to identify an environmental heterogeneity among the lakes. We identified a separation of the lakes according to phytoplankton richness and density, especially due to the contribution of green algae, desmids, and cyanobacteria. Most lakes showed high diversity and evenness values, with a predominance of rare taxa and few dominant species. The main variables associated with phytoplankton were water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and nutrient concentrations. Conclusions Therefore, the study of species diversity, dominance, and rarity based on phytoplankton richness and abundance and their relationship with different local environmental conditions can be an important model for assessing water quality in urban lakes.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como a diversidade, dominância e raridade da comunidade fitoplanctônica são influenciadas por diferentes condições ambientais locais em lagos urbanos. Nós esperamos que a riqueza será influenciada negativamente em lagos com maiores concentrações de nutrientes e maior turbidez, enquanto a abundância será influenciada positivamente. Assim, haverá uma maior dominância de poucas espécies e menor raridade em lagos com essas condições, sendo esperado o contrário em lagos com menores concentrações de nutrientes e menor turbidez. Métodos As amostras do fitoplâncton e das variáveis abióticas foram coletadas em quatorze lagos distribuídos no município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil, durante um período chuvoso. Resultados Foi possível identificar uma heterogeneidade ambiental entre os lagos. Nós identificamos uma separação dos lagos em função da riqueza e densidade fitoplanctônica, especialmente devido à contribuição de algas verdes, desmídias e cianobactérias. A maioria dos lagos apresentou altos valores de diversidade e equitabilidade, com predominância de táxons raros e poucas espécies dominantes. As principais variáveis que estiveram relacionadas com o fitoplâncton, foram a temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez e as concentrações de nutrientes. Conclusões Portanto, o estudo da diversidade, dominância e raridade baseada na riqueza e abundância fitoplanctônica e a sua relação com as diferentes condições ambientais locais pode ser um importante modelo na avaliação da qualidade da água em lagos urbanos.

Resumen Los ecosistemas forestales de la Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO) juegan un papel muy importante al proveer a la región y comunidades de madera y como importantes proveedores de servicios ambientales. Con el objetivo de conocer la estructura y diversidad de ecosistemas forestales del noreste de México, se ubicaron 30 parcelas, cada una de 250 m2, en tres comunidades vegetales (10 por comunidad), en donde las variables registradas fueron diámetro normal (Dn; cm), altura (H; m) y área de copa (m2) para todos los individuos con Dn > 5 cm. Se estimó el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI), diversidad y riqueza de especies mediante los índices de Shannon-Weiner ( H ´ ) y Margalef ( 𝐷𝑀 𝑔 ) y la similitud entre ecosistemas con el índice de Bray-Curtis. El mayor IVI para el ecosistema de Pino fue para el Pinus pseudostrobus (25.59%) y P. arizonica (25.43%), en el ecosistema de Encino-Pino para Quercus laceyi (37.47%) y Pinus pseudostrobus (19.14%) y en el Bosque alterado fue para las especies de Ceanothus fendleri (24.08%) y Juniperus pinchotii (16.84%). En general, para los tres ecosistemas estudiados, los índices de Margalef ( 𝐷𝑀 𝑔 ) y Shannon-Weiner ( 𝐻 ´ ) consideraron la diversidad como baja (1.13 y 1.14, respectivamente), mientras que los resultados de similitud mostraron que el ecosistema de Pino y el Bosque alterado tienen 51% en común. Los ecosistemas de Pino con Encino-Pino y Encino-Pino con el Bosque alterado mostraron una similitud inferior (20% y 21%, respectivamente). Las comunidades vegetales estudiadas contribuyen al conocimiento acerca del estado actual de los ecosistemas forestales de la SMO.

Abstract The forest ecosystems of the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO) play a very important role in providing wood to the region and its communities, as well as serving as significant providers of environmental services. With the goal understanding the structure and diversity of forest ecosystems in northeastern Mexico, 30 plots, each of 250 m2, were established in three vegetation communities (10 per community), where recorded variables included normal diameter (Dn; cm), height (H; m), and crown area (m2) for all individuals with Dn > 5 cm. The Importance Value Index (IVI), diversity, and species richness were estimated using the Shannon-Weiner ( 𝐻 ´ ) and Margalef ( 𝐷𝑀 𝑔 ) indices, and the similarity between ecosystems was assessed with the Bray-Curtis index. The highest IVI for the Pine ecosystem was found in Pinus pseudostrobus (25.59%) and P. arizonica (25.43%), in the Oak-Pine ecosystem for Quercus laceyi (37.47%) and Pinus pseudostrobus (19.14%), and in the altered Forest for the species Ceanothus fendleri (24.08%) and Juniperus pinchotii (16.84%). In general, for the three studied ecosystems, the Margalef ( 𝐷𝑀 𝑔 ) and Shannon-Weiner ( 𝐻 ´ ) indices indicated low diversity (1.13 and 1.14, respectively), while the similarity results showed that the Pine ecosystem and the altered Forest shared 51%. The Pine ecosystems along with Oak-Pine and Oak-Pine with the altered Forest exhibited lower similarities (20% and 21%, respectively). The studied vegetation communities provide insights into the current state of the forest ecosystems in the SMO.

Resumen Lagostomus maximus es un roedor autóctono de América del Sur que presenta importancia económica y biológica. Sin embargo, se dispone de pocos estudios sobre sus parásitos en toda su distribución geográfica. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar, describir y comparar la estructura de las comunidades de helmintos de 2 poblaciones de L. maximus en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en condiciones de semicautividad (SCHP) y silvestría (WHP). La estructura de las comunidades de helmintos se estudió considerando datos ecológicos a diferentes niveles. Se colectaron 7 taxones de helmintos. Graphidioides spp. y Lagostonema ecasiense fueron las especies más prevalentes en SCHP y Viannella viscaciae en WHP. Esta última especie mostró los valores más altos de intensidad media y abundancia media en ambas poblaciones hospedadoras. Los helmintos de SCHP mostraron valores más altos de abundancia, intensidad media, abundancia media, diversidad y equitatividad, y valores más bajos de riqueza específica y dominancia que WHP. La riqueza específica, la equitatividad y la dominancia permitieron separar a las 2 poblaciones hospedadoras. Las abundancias de V. viscaciae y Graphidioides spp. distinguieron a ambas poblaciones hospedadoras, sugiriendo posibles influencias de la intervención humana y/o características ambientales, como consecuencia de las condiciones de semicautividad y silvestría.

Abstract Lagostomus maximus is a native rodent of South America that presents economic and biological importance. However, few studies on parasites of this rodent are available throughout its geographic distribution. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and compare the structure of helminth communities from 2 populations of L. maximus in semi-captive (SCHP) and wild (WHP) conditions in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The structure of helminth communities was studied considering ecological data at different levels. Seven helminth taxa were collected. Graphidioides spp. and Lagostonema ecasiense were the most prevalent species in SCHP, and Viannella viscaciae in WHP. This last species showed the highest values of mean intensity and mean abundance in both host populations. Helminths from SCHP showed higher values of abundance, mean intensity, mean abundance, diversity, and evenness, and lower values of specific richness and dominance than WHP. Specific richness, evenness and dominance allowed separating the 2 host populations. The abundances of V. viscaciae and Graphidioides spp. distinguished both host populations, suggesting possible influences of human intervention and/or environmental characteristics, as consequence of semi-captive and wild conditions.

RESUMO Matas de galeria são faixas estreitas de florestas tropicais que ocorrem ao longo dos cursos d’água na região do Brasil central e são de extrema relevância para a conservação da biodiversidade, manutenção de processos ecológicos e regulação hídrica. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a vegetação lenhosa em dois trechos de matas de galeria no Distrito Federal, foi realizada amostragem em 1,0 ha, sendo 50 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m em cada trecho, onde foram mensuradas todas as árvores com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Para cada mata foram realizadas análises fitossociológicas, investigados os padrões de distribuição diamétrica e hipsométrica e analisados os índices de diversidade. Foram mensurados 1.571 indivíduos lenhosos, pertencentes a 150 espécies, dentre as quais 94 foram registradas na mata do Ribeirão (MR) e 96 na mata do Pitoco (MP). Apenas 40 espécies (26,7%) ocorreram em ambas as matas. O índice de similaridade Chao-Sorensen foi igual a 0,478, evidenciando a elevada diversidade Beta destas formações. A riqueza de espécies das duas matas está acima da média observada em outras matas de galeria no Brasil, com índice de Diversidade de Shannon (H’) igual a 3,86 para a MR e 3,96 para a MP, e a equabilidade de Pielou (J’) igual a 0,85 e 0,87, respectivamente. A distribuição diamétrica de ambas as matas apresentou padrão de J invertido, sugerindo comunidades com regeneração satisfatória. Diferenças florísticas e estruturais entre e dentro das matas, bem como a elevada riqueza encontrada, sugerem grande heterogeneidade biológica, em resposta às distintas condições ambientais dentro de cada trecho, o que reforça a importância da manutenção de corredores ecológicos para facilitar o fluxo gênico e a dispersão de espécies entre as diferentes áreas de matas de galeria. dágua d água biodiversidade hídrica Federal 1 0 1, ha trecho cm fitossociológicas 1571 571 1.57 lenhosos 15 9 (MR MP. MP . (MP) 4 26,7% 267 26 7 (26,7% ChaoSorensen Chao Sorensen 0478 478 0,478 formações H (H’ 386 3 86 3,8 396 3,9 (J’ 085 85 0,8 087 87 0,87 respectivamente invertido satisfatória encontrada biológica 157 57 1.5 (MP 26,7 2 (26,7 047 47 0,47 (H 38 8 3, 39 (J 08 0, 1. 26, (26, 04 0,4 (26 (2 (

ABSTRACT Gallery Forests are narrow strips of tropical forests that occur along water courses. This vegetation type is common in Central Brazil and is extremely relevant for the biodiversity conservation, maintenance of ecological processes and water regulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the woody vegetation in two gallery forests in the Federal District, called Ribeirão gallery forest (RGF) and Pitoco gallery forest (PGF). Fifty plots of 10 m x 10 m were sampled in each forest, and all trees with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured. In each forest, we conducted analysis on phytosociological parameters, diameter and height distributions, and diversity indexes. We registered 1,571 woody individuals, belonging to 150 species, among which, 94 were recorded in the forest of Ribeirão (RGF) and 96 in the forest of Pitoco (PGF). Although only 40 species (26.7%) occurred in both forests, the Chao-Sorensen similarity index was 0.478, showing the high Beta diversity within these formations. The species richness of the two forests is above the average observed in other gallery forests in Brazil, with Shannon diversity index (H’) equal to 3.86 for RGF and 3.96 for PGF, and the Pielou evenness index (J’) equal to 0.85 and 0.87, respectively. The diametric distribution of both forests showed the reverse J-shaped pattern, suggesting communities with satisfactory regeneration. Floristic and structural distinctions both between and within forests, alongside the observed high richness, indicate great biological heterogeneity, in response to the different environmental conditions. This underscores the importance of maintaining ecological corridors to facilitate gene flow and species dispersal among different gallery forests. courses conservation regulation Therefore District (RGF PGF. PGF . (PGF) 1 measured parameters distributions indexes 1571 571 1,57 individuals 15 which 9 4 26.7% 267 26 7 (26.7% ChaoSorensen Chao Sorensen 0478 0 478 0.478 formations H (H’ 386 3 86 3.8 396 3.9 J (J’ 085 85 0.8 087 87 0.87 respectively Jshaped shaped pattern regeneration heterogeneity conditions (PGF 157 57 1,5 26.7 2 (26.7 047 47 0.47 (H 38 8 3. 39 (J 08 0. 1, 26. (26. 04 0.4 (26 (2 (

RESUMO A ação de insetos-praga afeta diretamente a produtividade agrícola, demandando assim grande quantidade de aplicações de inseticidas para o controle dos mesmos. Os principais produtos utilizados são advindos dos grupos organofosforados, piretróides e espinosinas, no entanto, o uso indiscriminado desses produtos pode gerar efeitos negativos, principalmente aos organismos do solo. Com isso, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar as alterações sofridas pela macrofauna do solo provocada pela aplicação de inseticidas em área de produção frutífera. Os inseticidas malationa, deltametrina e espinetoram, foram aplicados na dosagem máxima indicada pelo fabricante, utilizando-se o dobro do volume de calda para aplicações terrestres. O delineamento experimental ocorreu em blocos ao acaso, constituído por quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições cada, distribuídas em cinco blocos. Após a aplicação, a macrofauna do solo foi avaliada de acordo com o método Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF). Foi realizada a quantificação e identificação dos indivíduos por grupos taxonômicos, para posterior determinação da densidade, riqueza, índices de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H') e equabilidade de Pielou (J’). Constatou-se que malationa, deltametrina e espinetoram não afetaram a densidade total, assim como a densidade por grupo grupos taxonômicos, exceto o grupo Coleoptera que apresentou menor densidade de indivíduos por m2 em solo tratado com malationa e deltametrina, diferindo dos solos tratados com o inseticida espinetoram e ao tratamento controle. Portanto, constata-se que aplicações de deltametrina reduzem a densidade de Coleoptera do solo, sob as condições testadas. insetospraga insetos praga agrícola mesmos organofosforados espinosinas entanto negativos isso objetivouse objetivou se frutífera fabricante utilizandose utilizando terrestres acaso cada TSBF. TSBF . (TSBF) taxonômicos riqueza ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' J. J (J’) Constatouse Constatou total m Portanto constatase constata testadas (TSBF (H (J’ (J

ABSTRACT The action of pest insects directly affects agricultural productivity, thus requiring a large number of insecticide applications for their control. The main products used come from the organophosphate, pyrethroid and spinosyn groups, but indiscriminate use of these products can cause negative effects, especially on soil organisms. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in soil macrofauna caused by the application of insecticides in a fruit production area. The insecticides malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram were applied at the maximum dose indicated by the manufacturer, using twice the volume of solution for terrestrial applications. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of four treatments with five replicates each, distributed in five blocks. After application, soil macrofauna was evaluated according to the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) method. Individuals were quantified and identified by taxonomic groups for further determination of density, richness, Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J’). Malathion, deltamethrin and spinetoram did not affect the total density, as well as the density per taxonomic group, except for the Coleoptera group, which had lower density of individuals per m2 in soil treated with malathion and deltamethrin, differing from the soils treated with spinetoram and from the control treatment. Therefore, it is found that deltamethrin applications reduce the density of Coleoptera in the soil under the conditions tested. productivity organophosphate effects organisms Thus area manufacturer blocks each TSBF (TSBF method richness ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' J. J . (J’) Malathion group m treatment Therefore tested (H (J’ (J

Abstract Marine litter has become a significant environmental issue with increasing evidence of its impact on oceans and coastal areas across the planet. This study focuses on the distribution and composition of marine litter in three regions of Iceland - Southwest, Westfjords and Northeast - and on marine litter as a vector for fouling species. The results of this study show that plastic litter was the most abundant type of both fouled and non-fouled marine litter. The beach surveys showed that land-based sources, such as mismanaged waste, were the primary contributors to beach pollution. In contrast, most fouled litter, such as fishing gear, originated from sea-based sources. Over 79,000 individuals belonging to at least 92 species were found on fouled litter at the eight surveyed sites. The Southwest had the highest abundance and the most fouled litter collected. However, the Westfjords had the highest diversity and species evenness. The phyla of the fouling species found included Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Cnidaria and Mollusca. Cnidaria exhibited the highest fouling percentage in the Southwest and Northeast regions, whereas Annelida had the highest fouling percentage in the Westfjords. Statistically significant relationships were found between species richness and region, abundance and region, material type, and surface rugosity and thickness. These findings highlight how fouling species can be transported via marine litter and underscore the need to continue monitoring marine litter in Iceland and implement management strategies to reduce its impact on the marine and coastal environment. planet nonfouled non landbased land based sources waste pollution contrast gear seabased sea 79000 79 000 79,00 9 sites collected However evenness Arthropoda Bryozoa Chordata Mollusca region thickness environment 7900 7 00 79,0 790 0 79,

Abstract Discarding unwanted catches is a significant issue arising from marine fishing activities, with far-reaching socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Uruguayan fishery regulations fail to penalize discarding but mandate self-reporting, providing an opportunity to analyze the discard from the two Uruguayan industrial bottom trawl fleets (shelf and coastal). By examining fishing logs, discard was estimated at 3,268 tons/year, accounting for 6.5% of the total catch (9.1% for the shelf fleet and 3.7% for the coastal fleet), with no discernible temporal trends for 2016, 2017, 2019, and 2020 nor significant seasonal variations in discard magnitude. Diversity, species richness, and evenness of the discard varied between fishing seasons and years. The most discarded species were Bassanago albescens in the shelf fleet and Brevoortia aurea in the coastal fleet. Both species showed magnitudes indicating a potential for exploitation development. Discard per unit of effort was mapped by fleet, enhancing the potential for discard information reconstruction for the area and thereby facilitating its inclusion in ecological and economic assessments. Discard reports have proven to be a valuable source of information that should be integrated into fisheries conservation and management initiatives. activities farreaching far reaching consequences selfreporting, selfreporting self reporting, reporting self-reporting coastal. . coastal) logs 3268 3 268 3,26 tonsyear tons year tons/year 65 6 5 6.5 9.1% 91 9 1 (9.1 37 7 3.7 , fleet) 2016 2017 2019 202 magnitude Diversity richness years development assessments initiatives 326 26 3,2 6. 9.1 (9. 3. 201 20 32 2 3, 9. (9 (

Resumo A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis) representa uma cultura de importância econômica, social e ecológica para as regiões de cultivo. Devido às variações químicas, físicas e biológicas que ocorrem nos diferentes solos onde a erva-mate é explorada economicamente, as associações simbióticas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) garantem a capacidade da planta de absorver nutrientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar a ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em diferentes ambientes de cultivo de erva-mate. A pesquisa foi realizada em quatro áreas localizadas na zona rural do município de Seberi/RS: Ambiente com produção de erva-mate no sistema convencional, sistema silvipastoril, sistema orgânico e mata nativa. As suposições de normalidade dos resíduos e homogeneidade das variâncias foram verificadas pelos testes de Lilliefors e Qui-quadrado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade de erro. Além de cálculos de diversidade, espécies equivalentes e índices de equivalência. A presença de esporos de FMAs apresentou relação direta com a disponibilidade de fósforo (P) em cada tratamento, com redução na contagem no sistema orgânico, com teor de P inferior a 3 mg kg-1 de solo. As espécies com maior predominância foram as Acaulosporaceae (Acaulospora colombiana, A. delicata e A. tuberculata), seguidas pelas Glomaceae (Glomus ambisporum e Glomus pansihalos) nos sistemas convencional e silvipastoril. Os sistemas silvipastoril e convencional apresentaram os maiores níveis de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H') e equitabilidade de Pielou, demonstrando maior diversidade e consequentemente maior riqueza e uniformidade. ervamate erva mate Ilex paraguariensis econômica químicas economicamente FMA (FMA nutrientes ervamate. mate. Seberi/RS SeberiRS Seberi RS nativa Quiquadrado Qui quadrado 5 erro equivalência (P tratamento kg1 kg 1 kg- solo Acaulospora colombiana tuberculata, tuberculata , tuberculata) pansihalos ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' Pielou uniformidade (H

Abstract Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) represents a culture of economic, social, and ecological importance for the cultivation regions. Due to the chemical, physical, and biological variations that occur in the different soils where yerba mate is economically exploited, the symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) guarantee the plant's ability to absorb nutrients. The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different environments of yerba mate cultivation. The research was performed in four areas located in the rural area of the municipality of Seberi/RS: Environment with production of yerba mate in the conventional system, silvopastoral system, organic system, and native forest. The normality of residuals and homogeneity of variances assumptions were verified using the Lilliefors and Chi-square tests and the averages compared by the Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. In addition to calculations of diversity, equivalent species, and evenness indices. The presence of AMF spores showed a direct relationship with the phosphorus (P) availability in each treatment, with a count reduction in the organic system, with P content lower than 3 mg kg-1 of soil. The species with the highest predominance were the Acaulosporaceae (Acaulospora colombiana, A. delicata, and A. tuberculata), followed by the Glomaceae (Glomus ambisporum and Glomus pansihalos) in the conventional and silvopastoral systems. The silvopastoral and conventional systems showed the highest levels of Shannon-Weaver diversity (H') and Pielou's evenness, demonstrating greater diversity and consequently greater richness and uniformity. Ilex paraguariensis economic social regions chemical physical exploited (AMF plants plant s nutrients Seberi/RS SeberiRS Seberi RS system forest Chisquare Chi square Tukeys Tukey 5 error indices (P treatment kg1 kg 1 kg- soil Acaulospora colombiana A delicata tuberculata, tuberculata , tuberculata) pansihalos ShannonWeaver Shannon Weaver H (H' Pielous Pielou uniformity (H

ABSTRACT Soil fauna is an important indicator of soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate soil fauna collected using pitfall traps and soil chemical and microbiological properties under different land uses in the Cerrado. The systems evaluated were soybean under 14-year no-till; soybean under 3-year no-till; eucalyptus rows; soybean grown between eucalyptus rows, and native Cerrado. Collected individuals were identified as classes, subclasses, order, or family classes. We evaluated the number of individuals trap-1 day-1, total richness, average richness, Shannon Diversity Index, Pielou Evenness Index, total soil organic carbon (TOC), soil microbial activity, and soil chemical indicators. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA, and means were compared by the Tukey Test (p<0.05). Principal component analysis and grouping analysis were performed among the groups and number of individuals. We identified 16 groups with a greater occurrence for Collembola, Acari, Formicidae, and Coleoptera. Systems containing threes provided a greater abundance of individuals. The largest populations occurred in the systems with the highest TOC levels. Components of the same silviagricultural system (soybean + eucalyptus) shared the same soil fauna groups, indicating a flow of individuals between these systems. The soybean adoption time under no-till systems does not change the population and diversity of soil fauna groups. quality Cerrado 14year year 14 notill no till 3year 3 rows classes subclasses order trap1 trap 1 trap- day1, day1 day 1, day-1 richness Index TOC, , (TOC) activity indicators oneway one way ANOVA p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) Collembola Acari Formicidae Coleoptera levels day- (TOC p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Este estudo descreveu o primeiro relato de parasitos metazoários em Crenicichla strigata. De 31 hospedeiros capturados na bacia do Rio Jari, na região da Amazônia oriental brasileira, foi coletado um total de 1.454 parasitos: Sciadicleithrum araguariensis, Sciadicleithrum joanae, Sciadicleithrum satanopercae, Posthodiplostomum sp., Genarchella genarchella, Contracaecum sp., Spirocamallanus peraccuratus, Acarina gen. sp. e Dolops geayi. Porém, a comunidade foi dominada por essas três espécies de Sciadicleithrum (Monogenea) e houve similar presença de parasitos em estágio larval e adulto. A prevalência total foi de100% e os hospedeiros estavam parasitados por duas ou três espécies, que tiveram dispersão randômica. A diversidade de Brillouin, riqueza de espécies de parasitos, índice de dominância de Berger-Parker e equitabilidade foram baixos. Houve correlação positiva da abundância de Posthodiplostomum sp. com o comprimento dos hospedeiros, enquanto a abundância de S. peraccuratus mostrou correlação negativa com o peso corporal dos peixes. Abundância de S. araguariensis, S. joane e S. satanopercae apresentou correlação negativa com o comprimento dos hospedeiros. A comunidade parasitária de C. strigata foi caracterizada por baixa diversidade, baixa riqueza, baixa intensidade e baixa abundância de espécies. 3 Jari brasileira 1454 1 454 1.45 araguariensis joanae sp genarchella gen geayi Porém Monogenea (Monogenea adulto de100 randômica Brillouin BergerParker Berger Parker baixos S peixes C 145 45 1.4 de10 14 4 1. de1

Abstract This study provides the first report of metazoan parasites in Crenicichla strigata. From 31 hosts caught in the Jari River basin, in the eastern Amazon region of Brazil, a total of 1454 parasites were collected: Sciadicleithrum araguariensis, Sciadicleithrum joanae, Sciadicleithrum satanopercae, Posthodiplostomum sp., Genarchella genarchella, Contracaecum sp., Spirocamallanus peraccuratus, Acarina gen. sp. and Dolops geayi. However, the community was dominated by the three species of Sciadicleithrum (Monogenea) and there was similar presence of parasites in the larval and adult stages. The total prevalence was 100% and each of the hosts was parasitized by two or three species, which presented random dispersion. Brillouin diversity, parasite species richness, Berger-Parker dominance index and evenness were low. There was positive correlation between the abundance of Posthodiplostomum sp. the hosts’ length, while the abundance of S. peraccuratus showed negative correlation with the body weight of fish. The abundance of S. araguariensis, S. joanae and S. satanopercae showed negative correlation with the hosts’ length. The parasite community of C. strigata was characterized by low diversity, low richness, low intensity and low abundance of species. 3 basin Brazil 145 collected araguariensis sp genarchella gen geayi However Monogenea (Monogenea stages 100 dispersion diversity richness BergerParker Berger Parker length S fish C 14 10 1

Resumo O principal propósito deste estudo foi atualizar a lista de espécies arbóreas monitoradas em uma floresta sem distúrbios na Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia (SLBS), nas serras do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil. Nesse local, árvores e palmeiras com um DAP ≥ 6,4 cm foram monitoradas por meio de inventários em parcelas permanentes totalizando 1,02 ha. Os inventários foram realizados em 1992–1993 (S1), 2003–2004 (S2) e 2017–2018 (S3), registrando altos níveis de riqueza e diversidade de espécies. Também objetivamos identificar as espécies ameaçadas entre aquelas monitoradas, apresentar valores mais precisos para medidas de diversidade e comparar a diversidade de espécies entre os diferentes inventários. O estudo foi apoiado pelas bases de dados speciesLink, Jabot e Flora e Funga do Brasil e envolveu a busca por atualizações nas determinações de 1.233 espécimes de 17 herbários; atualização de sinônimos e circunscrições de famílias e gêneros; revisão de determinações através da análise dos espécimes pessoalmente ou por meio de imagens de alta resolução; e ajuste dos arranjos de espécimes em morfoespécies. Compilamos as categorias de ameaça a partir da lista de espécies ameaçadas do estado de Espírito Santo, da lista vermelha CNCFlora e da lista vermelha da IUCN. Riqueza (número de espécies), índice de diversidade de Shannon (Hʹ) e equabilidade de Pielou (J) foram calculados para cada inventário a partir da matriz de abundância por espécies. A lista atualizada inclui 386 espécies, 168 gêneros e 69 famílias. Myrtaceae (75), Lauraceae (46), Fabaceae (31), Sapotaceae (25) e Melastomataceae (22) foram as famílias mais ricas. Apesar dos avanços na resolução das determinações, 44 morfoespécies permaneceram não identificadas, 24 delas sem espécimes férteis disponíveis para avaliação taxonômica. Riqueza, diversidade e equabilidade em cada inventário foram: 365 espécies, Hʹ = 5,23 e J = 0,89 em S1; 363 espécies, Hʹ = 5,18 e J = 0,88 em S2; e 358 espécies, Hʹ = 5,18 e J = 0,88 em S3. A diversidade se manteve alta no tempo, com variações não significativas entre inventários. Identificamos que 88 espécies (cerca de 23% do total) estavam atribuídas a alguma categoria de ameaça em pelo menos uma das listas de espécies ameaçadas consultadas. Surpreendentemente, 34 espécies novas foram descritas com espécimes coletados nas parcelas da SLBS, a maioria delas reconhecidas como endêmicas das serras do Espírito Santo. Os dados destacam a SLBS como um refúgio para espécies endêmicas e ameaçadas em uma região oficialmente reconhecida como de alta prioridade para conservação. , (SLBS) Santo local 64 6 4 6, 102 1 02 1,0 ha 19921993 1992 1993 1992–199 S1, S1 S (S1) 20032004 2003 2004 2003–200 S2 (S2 20172018 2017 2018 2017–201 S3, S3 (S3) speciesLink 1233 233 1.23 herbários IUCN número espécies) (Hʹ (J 38 16 75, 75 (75) 46, 46 (46) 31, 31 (31) 25 (25 22 (22 ricas identificadas 2 taxonômica 36 523 5 23 5,2 089 0 89 0,8 518 18 5,1 088 35 tempo 8 cerca total consultadas Surpreendentemente 3 conservação (SLBS 10 1, 1992199 199 1992–19 (S1 2003200 200 2003–20 (S 2017201 201 2017–20 (S3 123 1.2 7 (75 (46 (31 (2 52 5, 08 0, 51 199219 19 1992–1 200320 20 2003–2 201720 2017–2 12 1. (7 (4 (3 ( 19921 1992– 20032 2003– 20172 2017–

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to update the list of tree species monitored in an undisturbed forest at the Santa Lúcia Biological Station (SLBS), in the highlands of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. At this site, trees and palms with a DBH ≥ 6.4 cm have been monitored by surveying permanent plots totaling 1.02 ha. Surveys were carried out in 1992–1993 (S1), 2003–2004 (S2), and 2017–2018 (S3), recording high levels of species richness and diversity. We also aimed to identify the threatened species among those monitored, present more accurate values for diversity measures, and compare species diversity across the different surveys. The study was supported by the speciesLink, Jabot, and Flora e Funga do Brasil databases and involved searching for updates on species determinations of 1,233 vouchers from 17 herbaria; updating synonyms and circumscriptions of families and genera; reviewing determinations by examining vouchers in person or through high-resolution images; and adjusting voucher arrangements into morphospecies. We compiled the threat categories of species from the list of threatened species in the state of Espírito Santo, the CNCFlora red list, and the IUCN red list. Richness (number of species), the Shannon diversity index (Hʹ), and Pielou’s evenness (J) for each survey were calculated from a species-based abundance matrix. The updated list includes 386 species, 168 genera, and 69 families. Myrtaceae (75), Lauraceae (46), Fabaceae (31), Sapotaceae (25), and Melastomataceae (22) were the richest families. Despite progress in resolving determination issues, 44 morphospecies remained unidentified, 24 of which lack fertile vouchers available for taxonomic evaluation. Richness, diversity, and evenness in each survey were as follows: 365 species, Hʹ = 5.23, and J = 0.89 in S1; 363 species, Hʹ = 5.18, and J = 0.88 in S2; and 358 species, Hʹ = 5.18, and J = 0.88 in S3. Diversity remained high over time, with variation among surveys not being significant. We identified that 88 species (about 23% of the total) were assigned to a threat category in at least one of the consulted lists of threatened species. Surprisingly, 34 new species have been described from vouchers collected at SLBS plots, most of which have been recognized as endemic to the highlands of Espírito Santo. Data highlight SLBS as a refuge for endemic and threatened species in a region officially recognized as of very high priority for conservation. SLBS, , (SLBS) Santo Brazil site 64 6 4 6. 102 1 02 1.0 ha 19921993 1992 1993 1992–199 S1, S1 S (S1) 20032004 2003 2004 2003–200 S2, S2 (S2) 20172018 2017 2018 2017–201 S3, S3 (S3) measures speciesLink Jabot 1233 233 1,23 herbaria genera highresolution resolution images number species) Hʹ, (Hʹ) Pielous Pielou s (J speciesbased based matrix 38 16 75, 75 (75) 46, 46 (46) 31, 31 (31) 25, 25 (25) 22 (22 issues unidentified 2 evaluation follows 36 523 5 23 5.23 089 0 89 0.8 518 18 5.18 088 35 time significant 8 about total Surprisingly 3 conservation (SLBS 10 1. 1992199 199 1992–19 (S1 2003200 200 2003–20 (S2 2017201 201 2017–20 (S3 123 1,2 (Hʹ 7 (75 (46 (31 (25 (2 52 5.2 08 0. 51 5.1 199219 19 1992–1 (S 200320 20 2003–2 201720 2017–2 12 1, (7 (4 (3 ( 5. 19921 1992– 20032 2003– 20172 2017–

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to anthropogenic pressures that alter the environment and influence macroinvertebrate communities. The objective of this research was to estimate the taxonomic diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in springs of two micro-watersheds belonging to the Copalita river sub-basin, to determine the structure and conservation of the springs. The study was conducted in May 2022 in eight springs. The collection of aquatic macroinvertebrates was carried out using a D-type net. Shannon and Wiener's diversity index (H'), Simpson's diversity index (λ), Jaccard's similarity index (IJ), Pielou's evenness index (J'), richness (S), and dominance (D), were calculated. The correlation between variables was determined using Spearman's Rho (p < 0,05), cluster analysis of the index and Jaccard's similarity percentage. The springs studied are of the helocrene and rheocrene type; the site with the greatest diversity was Arroyo Guajolote, characterized by less disturbance at its source and is not used for human supply. A management plan is needed to conserve these ecosystems and thus guarantee the quality of environmental services provided.

Resumen Los ecosistemas de agua dulce están expuestos a presiones antropogénicas que alteran el ambiente e influyen sobre las comunidades de macroinvertebrados. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la diversidad taxonómica de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en manantiales de dos microcuencas pertenecientes a la subcuenca río Copalita, para determinar la estructura y la conservación de los manantiales. El estudio se realizó en mayo de 2022 en ocho manantiales. La recolecta de macroinvertebrados acuáticos se realizó mediante el uso de una red tipo D. Se calcularon índices de diversidad de Shannon y Wiener (H'), diversidad de Simpson (λ), similitud de Jaccard (IJ), equitatividad de Pielou (J'), riqueza (S) y dominancia (D). Se determinó la correlación existente entre las variables utilizando Rho de Spearman (p < 0,05), se realizaron análisis clúster del índice y el porcentaje de similitud de Jaccard. Los manantiales en estudio son de tipo helocreno y reocreno, el sitio con mayor diversidad fue Arroyo Guajolote, caracterizado por una menor perturbación en su origen y no es aprovechado para abastecimiento humano. Se necesita un plan de manejo para conservar estos ecosistemas con el fin de garantizar una buena calidad de los servicios ambientales brindados.

ABSTRACT Wetlands are habitats of high diversity and global importance that are suffering increasing anthropogenic pressure, especially riparian estuaries in urban areas. One of them in the Mediterranean area of Chile is the Petrel wetland. Bird diversity was evaluated through monthly monitoring between April 2020 and March 2023. The taxonomic diversity of the species (Rtp), the Shannon-Weaver community diversity index (H´) and the Pielou evenness index (J’) were determined. In addition, the effect of the sampling sites on richness, abundance and reproductive events was evaluated; and the effect of the seasonal period on richness and abundance, adjusting Poisson regression models. A total of 113 bird species were recorded, representing 57.1 % and 56.1 % of the orders and families described in Chile, respectively, observing a high diversity (2.49<H’<3.28) and evenness. (0.61<J’<0.81). Twenty-seven migratory species were recorded, of which 81.5 % were summer visitors. The sampling sites significantly affected richness, abundance and the number of reproductive events. The richness and abundance were significantly higher in the warm period. These results show that the Petrel wetland is a site of high diversity at the avifaunistic level in the central zone of Chile, it also constitutes a space that houses a significant number of migratory species. Our work provides key information to develop management and management plans, highlighting certain wetland sectors as priority areas for conservation.

RESUMEN Los humedales son hábitat de alta diversidad e importancia global que están sufriendo una creciente presión antrópica, especialmente los estuarios riparios en áreas urbanas. Uno de ellos en la zona mediterránea de Chile, es el humedal Petrel. Se evaluó la diversidad de aves a través de monitoreos mensuales entre abril 2020 y marzo 2023. Se determinó la diversidad taxonómica de las especies (Rtp), el índice comunitario de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver (H´) y el de equitabilidad de Pielou (J’). Además, se evaluó el efecto de los sitios de muestreo sobre la riqueza, abundancia y eventos reproductivos; y el efecto del periodo estacional sobre la riqueza y abundancia ajustando modelos de regresión de Poisson. Se registró un total de 113 especies de aves, alcanzando una representatividad del 57,1 % y 56,1 % de los órdenes y familias descritos en Chile, respectivamente, observándose una alta diversidad (2,49<H’<3,28) y equitabilidad (0,61<J’<0,81). Se registraron 27 especies migratorias, de las cuales, el 81,5 % fueron visitantes de verano. Los sitios de muestreo mostraron un efecto significativo en la riqueza, la abundancia y el número de eventos reproductivos. La riqueza y abundancia fue significativamente mayor en periodo cálido. Estos resultados, evidencian que el humedal Petrel es un sitio de alta diversidad a nivel avifaunístico en la zona central de Chile, además constituye un espacio que aloja una importante cantidad de especies migratorias. Nuestro trabajo proporciona información clave para elaborar planes de gestión y manejo, destacando ciertos sectores del humedal como zonas prioritarias de conservación.