RESUMO O conteúdo de água no solo é um fator-chave na avaliação nas áreas agrícola e ecológica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi explorar a combinação de informações multisatélites para abordar a questão da baixa precisão na recuperação do conteúdo de água do solo a partir de informações de banda única e fonte única, e estabelecer um modelo para estimativa do conteúdo de água do solo baseado no método multiespectral simulado. Foi realizado um experimento de determinação hiperespectral de amostras de solo (Latossolos) com valores variáveis de teor de água. A reflectância de oito sensores de satélite multiespectral foi remapeada com base nas funções de resposta espectral. Os índices de vegetação (VIs) foram estabelecidos combinando todas as bandas de sensores disponíveis. Os VIs significativos e a reflectância da banda foram extraídos pelos métodos de coeficiente de correlação e análise de importância de dados out-of-bag (OOB), e em seguida modelos lineares e não lineares foram estabelecidos para a estimativa do conteúdo de água no solo. Correlação significativa foi obtida entre refletância multiespectral simulada, VIs e teor de água no solo. Os modelos não lineares apresentaram melhor desempenho que o modelo linear. A combinação do modelo OOB e Random Forest (OOB-RF) obteve a maior acurácia de predição, com R2 calibração e R2 predição de 0,852 e 0,834, respectivamente. De forma geral, verificou-se que o método de modelagem OOB-RF baseado em sensoriamento remoto multiespectral foi viável para estimar o teor de água no solo.

ABSTRACT The soil water content is a key evaluation factor in the agricultural and ecological fields. The objective of this study was to explore the combination of multi-satellite information to address the issue of low accuracy in soil water content retrieval from single-band, single-source information and to establish a model for the estimation of the soil water content based on a simulated multi-spectral method. An experiment involving the hyperspectral determination of soil samples (Oxisols) with varying values of the water content was conducted. The reflectance of eight multi-spectral satellite sensors was resampled based on the spectral response functions. The vegetation indices (VIs) were established by pairing all available sensor bands. The significant VIs and band reflectance were extracted using the correlation coefficient and out-of-bag (OOB) data importance analysis methods, and then linear models and nonlinear models were established for soil water content estimation. A significant correlation was achieved between the simulated multi-spectral reflectance, VIs, and soil water content. The nonlinear models had a better performance than the linear model. The combined OOB and random forest (OOB-RF) model achieved the highest prediction accuracy, with R2 calibration and R2 prediction values of 0.852 and 0.834, respectively. Overall, it was verified that the OOB-RF modeling method based on multi-spectral remote sensing was feasible for estimating the soil water content.

Resumen: La pandemia por Covid-19 vino a interponer la necesidad de incorporar plataformas digitales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje para dar continuidad a la formación académica. A partir de esta realidad, en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica se optó por una modalidad en línea que ayudara a enfrentar la nueva realidad. Este proceso ha planteado el reto en el profesorado de repensar las estrategias didácticas desde los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, alineadas con el modelo pedagógico de la universidad y la educación a distancia. Ante esto, se propuso una investigación bajo un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño fenomenológico, para analizar cómo el profesorado de la Cátedra de Desarrollo de la Niñez en Edad Preescolar ha logrado un acercamiento con las metodologías activas en su práctica pedagógica y mediática. Los resultados evidenciaron la existencia de un acercamiento a metodologías activas como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y en problemas, el estudio de caso y el aprendizaje cooperativo por medio de las estrategias didácticas implementadas en esta cátedra. No obstante, es necesario promover espacios de capacitación relacionados con esta temática con el objetivo de subsanar algunos vacíos en cuanto a la planificación, aplicación y evaluación de estas metodologías en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje.

Resumo: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe a necessidade de incorporar plataformas digitais nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem para dar continuidade à formação acadêmica. Com base nesta realidade, a Universidade Estadual a Distância da Costa Rica optou por uma modalidade online que ajudaria a enfrentar a nova realidade. Esse processo tem colocado o desafio ao professorado de repensar estratégias didáticas a partir de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, alinhadas ao modelo pedagógico da universidade e da educação a distância. Diante disso, foi proposta uma investigação sob um enfoque qualitativo e um desenho fenomenológico, para analisar como o professorado da Cátedra de Desenvolvimento Infantil em Idade Pré- escolar têm conseguido uma abordagem com metodologias ativas em sua prática pedagógica e midiática. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma abordagem a metodologias ativas como a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e em problemas, estudos de caso e aprendizagem cooperativa através das estratégias didáticas implementadas nesta cadeira. No entanto, é necessário promover espaços de formação relacionados com esta temática com o objetivo de corrigir algumas lacunas ao nível do planeamento, aplicação e avaliação destas metodologias em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need to incorporate digital platforms into the teaching and learning process in order to guarantee the continuity of academic training. Based on this reality, the Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica opted for an online modality to cope with the new situation. This process has been a challenge for the faculty, which has had to rethink teaching strategies in virtual learning environments, in line with the pedagogical model of the university and distance education. In view of this, research with qualitative approach and phenomenological design was proposed to analyze how the faculty of the Chair of Preschool Child Development has managed to incorporate active methodologies in their pedagogical and media practice. The results showed that teachers have approached active methodologies such as project-based and problem-based learning, case studies and cooperative learning through the didactic strategies implemented in this chair. However, it is necessary to promote training spaces related to this topic to fill some gaps in the planning, implementation and evaluation of these methodologies in virtual learning environments.

Abstract:Disease detection and classification in crops is crucial for the development and growth of the agricultural sector. Traditional techniques and the low technical level applied to crop control generate significant losses for farmers. Computer vision offers solutions in this field; however, current research focuses on using convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which cannot accurately locate the most relevant features in an image. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a deep learning model based on the Vision Transformers (ViT) architecture to detect and classify early and late blight diseases in potato leaves. This research demonstrates how data augmentation, fine-tuning, and transfer learning techniques can improve the model's performance. The dataset for training and testing was taken from the PlantVillage platform. The report of the proposed model's evaluation metrics reaches an accuracy of 99.18% and an F1 score of 98.7%. The results demonstrate a high level of prediction in potato foliar diseases and evidence of the efficiency of attention mechanisms. It is concluded that the model is an innovative and functional tool for farmers.

Resumen:La detección y clasificación de enfermedades en cultivos es crucial para el desarrollo y crecimiento del sector agrícola. El uso de técnicas tradicionales y el bajo nivel técnico aplicado al control de los sembríos generan grandes pérdidas para los agricultores. La visión por computadora aporta soluciones en este campo, no obstante, las investigaciones actuales se centran en el uso de redes neuronales convolucionales (Convolutional Neural Networks, CNNs), las cuales tienen una limitada capacidad para ubicar de forma precisa las características de mayor relevancia en una imagen. Para superar estas limitaciones, nuestro estudio propone un modelo de aprendizaje profundo basado en la arquitectura de Transformadores de Visión (Vision Transformers, ViT) para detectar y clasificar las enfermedades tizón temprano y tizón tardío en las hojas de papa. En esta investigación se evidencia cómo las técnicas de aumento de datos, ajuste fino y aprendizaje por transferencia permiten mejorar el rendimiento del modelo. El conjunto de datos para entrenamiento y prueba fue tomado de la plataforma PlantVillage. El reporte de métricas de evaluación del modelo propuesto alcanza una exactitud de 99.18% y un puntaje F1 de 98.7%. Los resultados demuestran un alto nivel de predicción en las enfermedades foliares de papa y evidencian la eficiencia de los mecanismos de atención. Se concluye que el modelo se consolida como una herramienta innovadora y funcional para los agricultores.

Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformer-based models in predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI). Accurate AQI prediction is critical for mitigating the significant health impacts of air pollution and plays a vital role in public health protection and environmental management. The research compares traditional RNN models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, with advanced Transformer architectures. Data were collected from a weather station in Cuenca, Ecuador, focusing on key pollutants such as CO,NO2,O3, PM2.5, and SO2. Model performance was assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2). The findings reveal that the LSTM model achieved superior performance, with an R2 of 0.701, an RMSE of 0.087, and an MAE of 0.056, demonstrating superior capability in capturing temporal dependencies within complex datasets. Conversely, while Transformerbased models exhibited potential, they were less effective in handling intricate time-series data, resulting in comparatively lower accuracy. These results position the LSTM model as the most reliable approach for AQI prediction, offering an optimal balance between predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. This research contributes to improving AQI forecasting and underscores the importance of timely interventions to mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution.

Resumen Este estudio evalúa la eficacia de las redes neuronales recurrentes (RNN) y los modelos basados en transformadores para predecir el índice de calidad del aire (ICA). La investigación compara los modelos RNN tradicionales, incluidos los de memoria a corto y largo plazo (LSTM) y la unidad recurrente controlada (GRU), con arquitecturas avanzadas de transformadores. El estudio utiliza datos de una estación meteorológica en Cuenca, Ecuador, centrándose en contaminantes como CO,NO2,O3, PM2.5 y SO2. Para evaluar el rendimiento de los modelos, se utilizaron métricas clave como el error cuadrático medio (RMSE), el error absoluto medio (MAE) y el coeficiente de determinación (R2). Los resultados del estudio muestran que el modelo LSTM fue el más preciso, alcanzando un R2 de 0,701, un RMSE de 0,087 y un MAE de 0,056. Esto lo convierte en la mejor opción para capturar dependencias temporales en los datos de series temporales complejas. En comparación, los modelos basados en transformadores demostraron tener potencial, pero no lograron la misma precisión que los modelos LSTM, especialmente en datos temporales más complicados. El estudio concluye que el LSTM es más eficaz en la predicción del ICA, equilibrando tanto la precisión como la eficiencia computacional, o que podría ayudar en intervenciones para mitigar la contaminación del aire.

Abstract (Introduction): The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Latin America. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. (Objective): We evaluated this technique’s efficacy and economic and environmental viability for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. (Methodology): To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. (Results): It was confirmed that applying a 40 % lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). (Conclusions): Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated in the country and the Latin-American region, considering the risk associated to the presence of heavy metals too.

Resumen (Introducción): La búsqueda de técnicas y modelos de gestión del lodo generado durante el tratamiento de las aguas residuales es necesaria para garantizar un saneamiento sostenible a mediano plazo en América Latina. Una vía interesante consiste en convertir el lodo en un biosólido aprovechable en la agricultura por medio de la higienización alcalina. (Objetivo): Se evaluó la eficacia y la viabilidad económica y ambiental de esta técnica para la obtención de un biosólido tipo A aprovechable en la agricultura a partir de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ordinaria. (Metodología): Para ello se probó experimentalmente en escala de laboratorio la eficacia en el decaimiento de parámetros microbiológicos higienizados con cal viva, usando lodo anaeróbico y aeróbico de PTAR. Los resultados experimentales alimentaron un modelo de análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida. (Resultados): Pudo corroborarse que la aplicación de dosis de cal de 40 % permitió obtener un biosólido tipo A con concentraciones de microorganismos patógenos no detectables, lo cual se mantuvo en esa condición por más de 30 días. Además, el análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida permitieron concluir que esta opción sería más atractiva que la disposición del lodo en un relleno sanitario, debido al ahorro correspondiente en compuestos químicos (fertilizantes o cal agrícola) derivado de su aprovechamiento. (Conclusiones): Por lo tanto, la técnica de higienización alcalina puede considerarse como adecuada para la gestión del lodo de PTAR y su aplicación a mayor escala debe investigarse en mayor detalle en el país y la región latinoamericana, considerando también el riesgo de presencia de metales pesados en este subproducto.

BACKGROUND. An implementation framework for community-oriented primary care (COPC) was developed in the Cape Metro, Western Cape Province, South Africa. In 2018, four learning sites were identified to experiment with the framework. A study was undertaken to explore the implementation of this framework. OBJECTIVES. To explore the process and progress of implementation, as well as the perceptions of the barriers and enablers of implementation. METHODS. A programmatic process evaluation with a descriptive exploratory qualitative study design was used. A logic model was developed, and defined inputs, outputs and the sources of evidence for the implementation process. RESULTS. The understanding of COPC and its underlying philosophy contrasted with the traditional model of care, and the paradigm shift was challenging. Strong leadership was identified as a facilitator for change. Community and stakeholder engagement were the most challenging issues. COPC requires a wide range of skills and expertise supported by appropriate training and clear role definition. The use of electronic devices in the community was both an advantage and a barrier. CONCLUSION. Implementation of COPC needs to be understood as a reform of the model of care, and not as an additional project or service. The findings can guide policy, further scale-up and implementation of COPC.

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de modelo avaliativo da atenção nutricional para o enfrentamento da obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Utilizou como base o modelo proposto por Machado e Lacerda para avaliar a atenção nutricional. Foram analisados documentos oficiais e artigos científicos relacionados ao tema, além da consulta a um grupo de interessados que orientaram a elaboração do Modelo Teórico, Modelo Lógico e da Matriz de Análise e Julgamento. Para a validação do modelo avaliativo foi utilizada a técnica de conferência de consenso com 11 especialistas na área de nutrição e avaliação em saúde. A matriz é composta por vinte e quatro indicadores e sessenta medidas, organizadas em sete subdimensões e duas dimensões: Gestão e Assistência. O modelo avaliativo parte do pressuposto da responsabilidade da gestão municipal em fornecer condições estruturais e organizacionais necessárias para a execução das ações de Alimentação e Nutrição para o enfrentamento da obesidade de forma intersetorial, multiprofissional e interdisciplinar, seguindo os preceitos da Atenção Primária à Saúde abrangente.

ABSTRACT The article aims to propose an evaluative model for nutritional care to address obesity in Primary Health Care. It is based on the model proposed by Machado and Lacerda for evaluating Nutritional Care. Official documents and scientific articles related to the subject were analyzed, and input from a group of stakeholders guided the development of the Theoretical Model, Logical Model, and the Analysis and Judgment Matrix. To validate the evaluative model, a consensus conference technique was used, involving 11 experts in the fields of nutrition and health evaluation. The matrix consists of twenty-four indicators and sixty measures, organized into seven subdimensions and two dimensions: Management and Care. The evaluative model operates on the assumption that municipal management bears the responsibility of providing the necessary structural and organizational conditions for the implementation of nutrition and food-related actions to combat obesity in an intersectoral, multiprofessional, and interdisciplinary manner, following the principles of comprehensive Primary Health Care.

Abstract The emergence of Machine Learning (ML) technologies and their integration into agriculture has demonstrated a significant impact on disease detection in crops, enabling continuous monitoring and enhancing risk planning and management. This study applied image processing techniques such as thresholding, gamma correction, and the Stretched Neighborhood Effect Color to Grayscale (SNECG) method, alongside ML, to develop a predictive model for identifying five types of rice diseases. The ML techniques used included Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, Support Vector Machines, Decision Trees, and Random Forests (RF). Hyperparameters were optimized and evaluated through 5-fold cross-validation. In the results, the SNECG method successfully converted images to grayscale, capturing essential features of lesions on rice leaves. The ML models developed with these techniques showed evaluation metrics exceeding 80%, with the RF model (precision = 88.31%) demonstrating superior performance. Additionally, the RF model was integrated into an interface designed for agricultural decision-making. The practical application of the developed model could significantly improve the ability to detect and manage diseases in rice crops.

ABSTRACT Purpose To compare vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain values, gain symmetry between the semicircular canals (SCCs), and saccadic parameters in patients with a nosological diagnosis of Ménière’s disease (MD) and vestibular migraine (VM). Methods Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under evaluation report number 4.462.519. The study was based on medical record analysis of individuals who underwent the Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). The sample included medical records of 33 patients, divided into two groups – G1, 18 patients with a nosological diagnosis of VM; G2, 15 patients with MD. The study collected information on age, sex, nosological diagnosis, symptoms, associated comorbidities, and vHIT results. Student's t-test and the linear regression model statistically analyzed the data. The significance level was set at 0.05 (95%). Results Females predominated (75.76%), with a mean age of 50.18 years. There was a predominance of normal VOR gain in the VM group (44.44%) and vestibular hypofunction in the MD group (40%). There was no significant difference between the groups’ mean gain per SCC, nor between the groups’ right and left SCCs. G1 had a higher percentage of evident saccades and saccadic dispersion. Conclusion Although there was no significant difference in VOR gain in the vHIT between the groups, there was a predominance of vestibular hypofunction in the MD group and normal results in the VM group.

RESUMO Objetivo Comparar os valores de ganho do reflexo vestíbulo-ocular (RVO), simetria de ganho entre os canais semicirculares (CSCs) e parâmetros sacádicos em pacientes com diagnóstico nosológico de doença de Méniere (DM) e migrânea vestibular (MV). Método Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob parecer: 4.462.519. O estudo foi realizado a partir da análise de prontuários de indivíduos que realizaram o vídeo teste do impulso cefálico (vHIT). Foram incluídos prontuários de 33 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: G1, 18 pacientes com diagnóstico nosológico de MV, G2, 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de DM. Foram coletadas informações sobre idade, gênero, diagnóstico nosológico, sintomas, comorbidades associadas e resultados do vHIT. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente, por meio do Teste t-student e Modelo de regressão linear. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05 (95%). Resultados O sexo prevalente foi o feminino (75,76%), com idade média de 50,18 anos. Observou- se predomínio do ganho do RVO dentro dos padrões de normalidade para o grupo MV (44,44%) e da hipofunção vestibular para o grupo DM (40%). Não houve diferença significativa entre a média de ganho por CSC, dos grupos, nem entre os CSCs direito e esquerdo, dos grupos. Quanto aos parâmetros sacádicos, o G1 apresentou maior percentual de sacadas evidentes e da dispersão sacádica. Conclusão Embora não se tenha encontrado diferença significativa entre o ganho do RVO no vHIT entre os grupos, observou-se predomínio da hipofunção vestibular no grupo DM e de resultados dentro da normalidade no grupo MV.

Abstract The paper addresses the stability analysis of a circular tunnel face driven by a pressurized shield by means of the limit analysis kinematic approach implemented in the context of the Mohr-Coulomb strength condition. Emphasis is given to the assessment of the effects of seismic loading on the value of face support pressure that is required to prevent failure. The approach relies upon the pseudo-static method to model the destabilizing effects induced by the inertial forces associated with the passage of seismic waves in the ground. Rigorous limit analysis solutions for the limit face supporting pressure are derived from the analytical implementation of 3D and 2D failure mechanisms specifically devised for dealing with such a stability analysis problem. Indeed, original analytical expressions are provided and allow the evaluation of the pressure stabilizing the tunnel face. The accuracy of the approach predictions is assessed by comparison with available experimental and analytical results as well as with 2D finite element solutions. The influence of some relevant problem parameters in the context of tunnel face stability analysis is finally investigated, thus providing some preliminary guidelines for practical use in tunnel engineering.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To create tridimensional (3D) anatomical models of diaphyseal fractures in dogs (3D AMDFD) and to evaluate the models from their radiographs. Methods: The study consisted of six stages: preparation of femur from a healthy dog cadaver; digitalization of the bone through a 3D scanner and creation of the base model; creation of a 3D AMDFD based on the image of the base model, 3D modeling carried out to reproduce five different types of diaphyseal fractures; printing the models produced on a 3D printer with a thermoplastic material; insertion of neodymium magnets in the fracture line to allow the assembly and disassembly of the parts; and radiography of 3D AMDFD in lateromedial and craniocaudal positions. Results: The base model and 3D AMDFD had high precision in the replication of bone structures, like the bone in natura. The radiopacity and radiolucency of the 3D AMDFD did not necessarily correspond to the bone densities found in the radiography of the natural canine femur. Conclusion: The 3D AMDFD and their respective radiographs accurately reproduced the anatomical structures and fracture lines.

In this study, a novel glass-ceramic (GC) obtained from ZnSO4-B2O3-P2O5-Ho2O3 composition, coded as H0.0, H0.5 and H0.8, was synthesized via molten-solidified approach. The effect of varying content of Ho2O3 from 0.5 to 0.8 mol% on thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared GC were experimentally and theoretically scrutinized. The attained results showed that inclusion of Ho2O3 content amplified crystallite size from 42.3 to 50.5 mm. Besides, the values of elastic moduli (Youngs’s, bulk, shear and longitudinal) computed via Makishima-Mackenzie’s (MM) model were slightly augmented. Finally, the decent value of thermal stability (> 150 °C) and high fracture toughness of > 20000 MPa mm1/2 achieved for the newly fabricated GC may be applicable in protective covers of portable electronics.

Objetivo: avaliar as evidências sobre o uso do modelo de Donald Kirkpatrick na avaliação da formação em enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos que respondem à questão de revisão “Quais são as evidências da utilização do modelo de Donald Kirkpatrick para avaliar o treinamento no ambiente de trabalho da enfermagem?” publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: dos 108 estudos recuperados, treze foram incluídos. A maioria avaliou os quatro níveis propostos no modelo (reação, aprendizagem, comportamento e resultados) ou, pelo menos, uma combinação dos três primeiros. Foram utilizados diferentes instrumentos para avaliar a formação em enfermagem, principalmente em abordagens quantitativas para os níveis de reação e aprendizagem e qualitativas para os níveis de comportamento e resultados. Esta abordagem evidencia a flexibilidade do modelo e a importância da escolha de um conjunto confiável de instrumentos, fundamental para qualificar a análise em cada nível. Conclusão: o modelo de Kirkpatrick tem sido utilizado em todo o mundo para avaliar a formação na área da enfermagem e tem se revelado adequado para o objetivo, desde que haja uma seleção adequada de instrumentos em cada nível.

Objective to evaluate the evidence on the use of Donald Kirkpatrick’s framework in nursing training evaluation. Method integrative literature review in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System and Web of Science databases. Studies that answered the review question “Which is the evidence in using Donald Kirkpatrick’s framework to evaluate training in the nursing workplace?” published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish were included. Results out of 108 studies retrieved, thirteen were included. The majority evaluated the four levels proposed in the model (reaction, learning, behavior, and results) or, at least, a combination of the first three ones. Different instruments were used to evaluate nursing training, mainly in quantitative approaches for reaction and learning levels and qualitative for behavior and results levels. This approach highlights the flexibility of the model and the importance of choosing a reliable set of instruments, which is crucial to qualify the analysis at each level. Conclusion Kirkpatrick’s model has been used worldwide to evaluate training in the nursing field and has been shown to be suitable for it, as long as there is an appropriate selection of instruments at each level.

Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia sobre el uso del modelo de Donald Kirkpatrick en la evaluación de la formación en enfermería Método: revisión bibliográfica integradora en las bases de datos Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System y Web of Science. Se incluyeron los estudios que respondían a la pregunta de revisión “¿Cuál es la evidencia para el uso del modelo de Donald Kirkpatrick para evaluar la formación en el trabajo de enfermería?” publicados en portugués, inglés o español. Resultados: de los 108 estudios recuperados, se incluyeron trece. La mayoría evaluaba los cuatro niveles propuestos en el modelo (reacción, aprendizaje, comportamiento y resultados) o al menos una combinación de los tres primeros. Se utilizaron diferentes instrumentos para evaluar la formación en enfermería, principalmente enfoques cuantitativos para los niveles de reacción y aprendizaje y enfoques cualitativos para los niveles de comportamiento y resultados. Este enfoque pone de manifiesto la flexibilidad del modelo y la importancia de elegir un conjunto fiable de instrumentos, lo cual es fundamental para cualificar el análisis en cada nivel. Conclusión: el modelo de Kirkpatrick se ha utilizado en todo el mundo para evaluar la formación en enfermería y ha demostrado ser adecuado para este fin, siempre que haya una selección adecuada de instrumentos en cada nivel.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma metodologia para análise não linear de estruturas reticuladas de concreto armado submetidas a ações sísmicas e normas brasileiras. Relações constitutivas específicas para concreto e aço são empregadas para levar em conta o carregamento cíclico. O algoritmo implícito de integração no tempo garante as condições de equilíbrio no final de cada intervalo de tempo. Os resultados do modelo são comparados com dados experimentais de uma estrutura ensaiada, confirmando a sua aplicabilidade. Um exemplo adicional avalia uma estrutura típica em Rio Branco, AC, Brasil, usando a norma brasileira ABNT NBR 15421:2023 e outros códigos brasileiros aplicáveis. A metodologia fornece informações sobre o desempenho estrutural durante um terremoto, incluindo históricos de tensões, deformações e deslocamentos nodais. Os resultados indicam que a metodologia é uma opção viável para a avaliação sísmica de edifícios de concreto armado no Brasil.

Abstract This paper presents a methodology for the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beam structures subjected to Brazilian seismic actions and safety standards. Specific constitutive relations for concrete and steel are employed to account for cyclic loading. The implicit time integration algorithm ensures the equilibrium conditions at the end of each time step. Model results are compared with experimental data from a test structure, confirming the model's applicability. An additional example evaluates a typical structure in Rio Branco, AC, Brazil, using the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 15421:2023 and other applicable Brazilian codes. The methodology provides insights into structural performance during an earthquake, including stress, strain, and nodal displacement histories. The results indicate that the implemented methodology is a viable option for the seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings in Brazil.

Abstract This study aimed to develop a bromelain-based gel and evaluate its effects in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. The bromelain-based gel was formulated in two concentrations (1% and 10%). Ten animals were used per group: Control, Periodontitis, Periodontitis + Neutral Gel, Periodontitis + 1% Bromelain Gel, Periodontitis + 10% Bromelain Gel and Periodontitis + 2% Chlorhexidine Gel. The clinical parameters of tooth mobility (TM), gingival bleeding index (GBI) and probing pocket depth (PPD) were evaluated and, after euthanasia, gingival and liver tissue were collected by biopsy for biochemical evaluation of myeloperoxidase (MPO), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and from the jaws for morphometric analysis of alveolar bone height. The clinical parameters of MT, GBI and PPD of the groups treated with bromelain gel showed a significant reduction (MT = 67.04%, GBI = 67.72% and PPD = 41.22%) compared to the group with periodontitis. The results for MPO dosage in the gingival tissue showed statistically significant differences between the groups when compared to the group with periodontitis, MDA and GSH showed promising results in the groups treated with gels in the dosages of gingival and liver tissue. The results for ABL showed significant differences when compared to the groups that received gel treatment. Therefore, the bromelain orabase gel evaluated in periodontitis showed a positive response for the following parameters TM, GBI and PPD, MPO, MDA and ABL of the oral tissues, preventing alveolar bone resorption caused by the disease, highlighting the potential as an adjuvant treatment of periodontitis, in addition to reducing the systemic effects on the liver tissue.