Abstract Introduction. In Mexico, 85 % of the crops are white maize, 10 % white yellow and 5 % other colors. Biochemical studies of pigmented native maize have been carried out, but there is little information on colour-improved maize. Objective. To evaluate the phytochemical content and antimicrobial capacity of two pigmented maize hybrids grown at the Tecnológico Nacional de México-Valle del Yaqui. Materials and methods. Extraction of biocompounds from a portion of the maize grains grown in southern Sonora, Mexico, during the summer-winter 2020 cycle was performed on red and purple maize hybrids. A thirty-part solution of ethanol, acetic acid and water was used. Proximal composition, anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid content were determined by standardized methods. Antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) methodologies. In addition, antimicrobial capacity and minimum inhibitory concentration were determined. Results. Purple maize showed higher content of anthocyanins (340.98±5.21 mg/100 g) and polyphenols (173.68±24.23 mg gallic acid/100 g) compared to red maize. Flavonoids are more abundant in purple maize (575.10±27.88 mg quercetin/100 g). Both maize hybrids exhibited more than 50 % antioxidant capacity against ABTS and DPPH radicals. Regarding antimicrobial activity, higher inhibition was observed for Escherichia coli and Salmonella (18 % and 47 %), and lower for Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella (19 % and 34 %) compared to gentamicin. Conclusion. Purple maize showed higher content of anthocyanins, polyphenols and flavonoids. Both hybrids had an antioxidant capacity higher than 50 %. Antimicrobial activity was higher against E. coli and Salmonella, than against S. aureus and Shigella.

Resumen Introducción. En México, el 85 % de las siembras son maíces blancos, el 10 % amarillo blancos y el 5 % de otros colores. Se han realizado estudios bioquímicos de maíces nativos pigmentados, pero existe poca información en maíces mejorados en color. Objetivo. Evaluar el contenido de fitoquímicos y capacidad antimicrobiana de dos híbridos de maíz pigmentado cultivados en el Tecnológico Nacional de México, Valle del Yaqui. Materiales y métodos. En granos de híbridos de maíz de color rojo y morado se realizaron las extracciones de biocompuestos a partir de una porción del maíz cultivado en el sur de Sonora, México, durante el ciclo verano-invierno 2020. Se utilizó una solución de etanol, ácido acético y agua en una proporción de treinta partes. La composición proximal, contenido de antocianinas, polifenoles y flavonoides se determinaron mediante métodos estandarizados. La capacidad antioxidante se evaluó mediante las metodologías ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) y DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo). Además, se determinó la capacidad antimicrobiana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria. Resultados. El maíz morado presentó mayor contenido de antocianinas (340,98±5,21 mg/100 g) y polifenoles (173,68±24,23 mg de ácido gálico/100 g), en comparación con el maíz rojo. Los flavonoides son más abundantes en el maíz morado (575,10±27,88 mg de quercetina/100 g). Ambos híbridos de maíz exhibieron una capacidad antioxidante superior al 50 % frente a los radicales ABTS y DPPH. Respecto a la actividad antimicrobiana, se observó mayor inhibición para Escherichia coli y Salmonella (18 % y 47 %), y menor para Staphylococcus aureus y Shigella (19 % y 34 %) en comparación con la gentamicina. Conclusión. El maíz morado mostró mayor contenido de antocianinas, polifenoles y flavonoides. Ambos híbridos tuvieron una capacidad antioxidante mayor al 50 %. La actividad antimicrobiana fue mayor contra E. coli y Salmonella, que contra S. aureus y Shigella.

Abstract Introduction. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for the photosynthesis process, and therefore, a determining factor in yield. The use of optical sensors to determine transmittance indices (SPAD, CCI), reflectance (NDVI) and fluorescence (Fv.Fm -1) related to the state of foliar N, allows adequate management based on non-destructive "in situ" monitoring. Objective. To evaluate the effect of different fertigation management strategies on nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in the leaf; and the relationship between i- N and Cl concentration in leaf, ii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with yield and iii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with SPAD, CCI, NDVI and Fv.Fm -1 indices. Materials and methods. Six treatments were evaluated in an unrestricted randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, which combined 2 irrigation strategies (E1: low volume and more frequent and E2: high volume and less frequent) and 3 levels of nutrition: low (NB), medium (NM) and high (NA). The direct measurements of N and Cl in the leaf were determined with the Kjeldahl method and by ethanol extraction, respectively. Results. Nutrition level affected N content, where the NM and NA treatments were similar, although higher than NB. The regression model showed little ability to estimate N and yield from the Cl content in the leaf. Estimation of Cl in the leaf from the CCI (R2: 0.71) and SPAD (R2: 0.75) indices were only promising in NB. To estimate foliar N, the regression with Fv.Fm -1 showed R2 values of 0.89 in NB and 0.69 in NM; while for NDVI the R2 values were 0.61 in NB and 0.47 in NM. Conclusion. SPAD, CCI, NDVI and Fv.Fm -1 indices showed potential to estimate chlorophyll and N concentration in the leaf with low and medium nutrient inputs, and with limitations in treatments with high nutrient inputs.

Resumen Introducción. El nitrógeno (N) es un elemento esencial para el proceso de fotosíntesis, y por tanto, determinante en el rendimiento. El uso de sensores ópticos para determinar índices de transmitancia (SPAD, CCI), reflectancia (NDVI) y fluorescencia (Fv.Fm -1) relacionados con el estado del N foliar, permite un adecuado manejo a partir del monitoreo “in situ” no destructivo. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de diferentes estrategias de manejo del fertiriego sobre las concentraciones de nitrógeno y clorofila en hoja; y la relación entre i- concentración de N y de clorofila (Cl) en hoja, ii- concentración de N y de Cl en hoja con el rendimiento y iii- concentración de N y de Cl en hoja con índices SPAD, CCI, NDVI y Fv.Fm -1. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 6 tratamientos en un diseño irrestricto al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 3, que combinaron 2 estrategias de riego (E1: bajo volumen y de mayor frecuencia y E2: alto volumen y menor frecuencia) y 3 niveles de nutrición: bajo (NB), medio (NM) y alto (NA). Las medidas directas de N y Cl en hoja se determinaron con el método Kjeldahl y por extracción con etanol, respectivamente. Resultados. El nivel de nutrición afectó el contenido de N, donde los tratamientos NM y NA fueron similares, aunque superiores a NB. El modelo de regresión mostró poca capacidad para estimar N y rendimiento a partir del contenido de Cl en hoja. La estimación de Cl en hoja a partir de los índices CCI (R2: 0,71) y SPAD (R2: 0,75) resultaron prometedores solamente en NB. Para estimar N foliar, la regresión con Fv.Fm -1 mostró valores de R2 de 0,89 en NB y 0,69 en NM; mientras que para NDVI los valores R2 fueron 0,61 en NB y 0,47 en NM. Conclusión. Los índices SPAD, CCI, NDVI y Fv.Fm -1 presentaron potencial para estimar la concentración de clorofila y de N en hoja con aportes bajo y medio de nutrientes, y con limitaciones en los tratamientos con altos aportes de nutrición.

Resumen: Los métodos de extracción de fitoquímicos convencionales presentan bajos rendimientos o largos tiempos de proceso. El ultrasonido ofrece alternativas para incrementar el rendimiento en extractos vegetales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de tres métodos de extracción en rendimiento, composición de compuestos fenólicos, actividad antioxidante y estabilidad de extractos de hojas de Plectranthus amboinicus (oreganón). Los métodos de extracción usados fueron: convencional con agitación (EC), asistida con baño de ultrasonidos (EABU) y asistida con sonda de ultrasonido (EASU). Se usó una proporción 1:10 (p/v) orégano:etanol a 35 ± 2 °C. Los rendimientos se calcularon como materia seca del extracto (% ms). Se usó un modelo de pseudo-segundo orden para ajustar las curvas de extracción experimentales de los tres métodos y obtener los parámetros cinéticos. Se determinaron compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT) y actividad antioxidante (AA) mediante los métodos de Folin-Ciocalteau y DPPH, respectivamente. Se evalúo la estabilidad del CFT y AA durante el almacenamiento. La EASU aumentó 33.93 % el rendimiento en los extractos con respecto a EC. La mayor concentración de CFT (P ≤ 0.05) se obtuvo mediante EABU (10.32 mg EAG/ms) y para AA mediante EC (19.43 mg ET/g ms). El modelo cinético de pseudo-segundo orden ajustó adecuadamente las cinéticas experimentales. La constante de velocidad (k) de CFT más alta fue de 0.016 g ms/mg EAG·min para la EASU, siendo esta técnica la que demostró una disminución significativa de AA con respecto al tiempo de extracción. Los CFT de los extractos obtenidos mediante EABU, EASU y EC (3.7 mg EAG/g ms, 4.4 mg EAG/g ms y 7.2 mg EAG/g ms, respectivamente), al igual que la AA se mantuvieron estables y sin cambios significativos (P ≥ 0.05) durante los 34 d de almacenamiento, mostrando nuevamente la ventaja de utilizar la técnica extractiva de ultrasonidos, en función del tiempo.

Abstract: Conventional phytochemicals extraction methods have shown low yields or very long processing times for obtaining. The ultrasound offers alternatives to increase the yields of plant extracts. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three extraction methods on the yield, phenolic compound composition, antioxidant activity and stability of Plectranthus amboinicus (oregano) leaf extracts. The extraction methods used were: conventional heat-assisted extraction (CE), ultrasound water bath assisted (UBAE) and ultrasound probe assisted extraction (UPAE). A 1:10 (w/v) oregano:ethanol ratio was used at 35 ± 2 °C. Yields were calculated as extract dry matter (% ms). A pseudo-second-order model was used to fit the experimental extraction curves of the three methods and obtain the kinetic parameters. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) were determined by Folin-Ciocal-teau and DPPH methods, respectively. The stability of TPC and AA was evaluated during storage. UPAE increased 33.93 % yield in extracts concerning CE. The highest concentration of CFT (P ≤ 0.05) was obtained by UBAE (10.32 mg EAG/ms) and for AA by CE (19.43 mg ET/g ms). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model adequately fitted the experimental kinetics. The highest TPC rate constant (k) was 0.016 g ms/mg EAG·min, for UPAE, this technique being the one that demonstrated a significant decrease in AA with respect to extraction time. The TPC of the extracts obtained by UBAE, UPAE and CE (3.7 mg EAG/g dms, 4.4 mg EAG/g dms and 7.2 mg EAG/g ms, respectively), as well as the AA remained stable and without significant changes (P ≥ 0.05) during the 34 d of storage, again showing the advantage of using the ultrasound extractive technique, as a function of time.

Resumen: El maíz contiene un gran número de compuestos antioxidantes, muchos de ellos unidos a componentes de la pared celular, por lo que requieren tratamientos para liberarlos, como el uso de enzimas o procesos de fermentación. La fermentación en medio sólido (FMS) con Rhizopus oryzae se ha aplicado para aumentar la capacidad antioxidante (CA) y el contenido fenólico en cereales y leguminosas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la FMS con R. oryzae sobre la CA y el contenido de fenoles totales (CFT) del maíz. La FMS se realizó en bolsas zip-lock (25 cm2) a 30 °C/72 h, con un inóculo de 1 x 106 esporas/g. Se tomaron muestras cada 12 h, el extracto se recuperó con etanol al 80 % y se utilizó para determinar el CFT y la CA (ensayo ABTS+, DPPH y FRAP). Los valores más altos se obtuvieron a las 60 h de cultivo, con un CFT de 1.92 mg/ gramos de materia seca (gms) y una CA de 1.47 mg de equivalentes Trolox por gramo de materia seca (mg ET/gms), 1.27 mg ET/gms y 5.8 mg Fe+2/gms para los ensayos de ABTS+, DPPH y FRAP, respectivamente. El uso de FMS permitió aumentar hasta 0.83 y 1.25 veces el CFT y la CA del maíz, con respecto al tiempo 0 h. El maíz fermentado con R. oryzae mostró potencial para ser empleado como materia prima para el desarrollo de alimentos funciona les, al incrementar su CA a través de un bioproceso.

Abstract: Maize contains a large number of antioxidant compounds. However, many of them are not in free form, as they are bound to components of the cell wall of maize kernels. For this reason, the use of treatments is required to release them, such as the use of enzymes or fermentation processes. Fermentation in solid medium (FMS) with Rhizopus oryzae has been applied to increase the antioxidant capacity (AC) and phenolic content in cereals and legumes. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effect of FMS with R. oryzae on AC and total phenolic content (TPC) of maize. Fermentation on solid medium was carried out in zip-lock bags (25 cm2) at 30 °C for 72 h, with an inoculum of 1 x 106 spores/g. Samples were taken every 12 h, the extract was recovered with 80% ethanol, and used to determine TPC and AC (ABTS+, DPPH and FRAP essay). The highest values were obtained at 60 h of culture, with a TPC of 1.92 mg/gram dry metter (gdm) and an AC of 1.47 mg TE/gmd, 1.27 mg TE/gdm and 5.8 mg Fe+2/gdm for the ABTS+, DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. The use of FMS allowed to increase up to 0.83 and 1.25 times the CFT and CA of corn, with respect to time zero. Corn fermented with R. oryzae showed potential to be used as a raw material for the development of functional foods, by increase its AC through a bioprocess.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different decontamination agents on the bond strength of saliva-contaminated CAD/CAM blocks and repair composite materials. Two hunderd eighty 3-mm-thick specimens were prepared from four different CAD/CAM materials: Katana Zirconia UTML disc, IPS e.max CAD block, Shofu block, and Vita Enamic block. Each material was divided into seven different subgroups (N=70). Group 1 had a clean surface. The other groups were comprised of the samples, which were contaminated with human saliva: group 2: negative control (non-cleaned); group 3: cleaned with water spray; group 4: cleaned with 70% ethanol; group 5: cleaned with Ivoclean; group 6: cleaned with Katana Cleaner; and group 7: cleaned with phosphoric acid. After the decontamination protocols, the resin composite cylinders were bonded to the CAD/CAM surfaces with a thin layer of dual-cured resin cement. The samples were stored for 24 hours at 37°C in distilled water. Then, they were subjected to a shear bond strength test (SBS). The values were recorded, and fracture types were evaluated using a microscope. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Generally, all decontaminating agents improved the SBS of composites to Katana Zirconia UTML, IPS e.max, and Vita Enamic materials (p<0.05). However, for Shofu materials, group 6 samples exhibited significantly higher bond strength values as compared with group 2 samples (p=0.026). The highest SBS values were seen in the phosphoric acid-treated group in Katana zirconia materials (26.45 ± 9.38 MPa), whereas the lowest values were seen in group 2 samples in Shofu materials (13.17±3.40 MPa). Each decontaminant agent improved the bond strength of composites to the contaminated CAD/CAM materials. If saliva is not cleaned before adhesive procedure, SBS values may decrease. All decontamination agents can be used safely on zirconia, lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic, hybrid ceramic, and polymer-infiltrated ceramic surfaces.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de diferentes agentes descontaminantes sobre la fuerza de unión de bloques CAD/CAM contaminados con saliva y materiales compuestos de reparación. Se prepararon doscientas ochenta muestras de 3 mm de espesor a partir de cuatro materiales CAD/CAM diferentes: disco Katana Zirconia UTML, bloque IPS e.max CAD, bloque Shofu y bloque Vita Enamic. Cada material se dividió en siete subgrupos diferentes (N=70). El grupo 1 tenía una superficie limpia. Los otros grupos estaban compuestos por muestras que estaban contaminadas con saliva humana: grupo 2: control negativo (no limpio); grupo 3: limpiado con agua pulverizada; grupo 4: limpiado con etanol al 70%; grupo 5: limpiado con Ivoclean; grupo 6: limpiado con Katana Cleaner; y grupo 7: limpiado con ácido fosfórico. Después de los protocolos de descontaminación, los cilindros de composite de resina se adhirieron a las superficies CAD/CAM con una fina capa de cemento de resina de curado dual. Las muestras se almacenaron durante 24 horas a 37°C en agua destilada. Luego, fueron sometidos a una prueba de resistencia al corte (SBS). Se registraron los valores y se evaluaron los tipos de fracturas utilizando un microscopio. Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA de dos factores y la prueba post-hoc de Tukey. En general, todos los agentes descontaminantes mejoraron el SBS de los composites con los materiales Katana Zirconia UTML, IPS e.max y Vita Enamic (p<0,05). Sin embargo, para los materiales Shofu, las muestras del grupo 6 exhibieron valores de fuerza de unión significativamente más altos en comparación con las muestras del grupo 2 (p=0,026). Los valores más altos de SBS se observaron en el grupo tratado con ácido fosfórico en materiales de circonio Katana (26,45 ± 9,38 MPa), mientras que los valores más bajos se observaron en las muestras del grupo 2 en materiales Shofu (13,17 ± 3,40 MPa). Cada agente descontaminante mejoró la fuerza de unión de los composites a los materiales CAD/CAM contaminados. Si no se limpia la saliva antes del procedimiento adhesivo, los valores de SBS pueden disminuir. Todos los agentes descontaminantes se pueden utilizar de forma segura en superficies de circonio, cerámica de vidrio de disilicato de litio, cerámica híbrida y cerámica con infiltraciones de polímeros.

Resumen Introducción: La mortalidad por intoxicaciones agudas de sustancias psicoactivas representa un problema de salud pública, especialmente en personas jóvenes. El objetivo del estudio fue crear un perfil de las víctimas mortales por intoxicación aguda en Costa Rica entre los años 2012 y 2021 asociado al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y drogas de abuso. Materiales y métodos: Se recopilaron datos de Sección de Patología Forense del Departamento de Medicina Legal en Costa Rica, con los cuales se realizó una revisión de las víctimas mortales por intoxicaciones agudas a partir del 1 de enero de 2012 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2021. La revisión incluyó las siguientes variables: variables epidemiológicas: sexo, edad, nacionalidad, ocupación, estado civil, provincia, consumo frecuente asociado, manera de muerte, tipo de sustancia y lugar de intoxicación. Resultados: De los 456 casos de muertes asociados a intoxicaciones agudas por etanol, metanol, benzodiacepinas, anfetaminas, heroína, cocaína y mixtas; reportados entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 31 de diciembre de 2021: el año que más casos reportó fue 2020; 82% de las víctimas fueron hombres y 18% mujeres; las principales edades de las personas reportadas abarcan entre 41 y 60 años. 80% de las personas eran costarricenses; San José fue la provincia con mayor número de casos de intoxicación letal, siendo el domicilio el sitio más frecuente. 14% de las víctimas eran desempleadas; 77% de las personas presentaban algún trastorno de la adicción o consumo frecuente de alguna de las sustancias estudiadas. La mayoría de muertes fueron de manera accidental. Conclusiones: El perfil predominante de las víctimas fue: masculino, entre 41 y 60 años, costarricense, de estado civil indeterminado o soltero, desempleado, que muere de manera accidental, en su domicilio, por intoxicación aguda con alcohol o mixta (alcohol y cocaína).

Abstract Introduction. Mortality from acute poisoning of psychoactive substances represents a public health problem, especially in young adults. The purpose of the study was to create a profile of fatalities due to acute poisoning in Costa Rica between 2012 and 2021 associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances and drugs of abuse. Materials and methods. Data were collected from the Forensic Pathology Section of the Legal Medicine Department in Costa Rica, then a review of fatalities due to acute poisoning was carried out from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. The review included the following epidemiological variables: sex, age, nationality, occupation, marital status, province, consumption associated, manner of death, type of substance, and place of intoxication. Results. Out of the 456 reported cases of deaths associated with acute intoxication with ethanol, methanol, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, heroin, cocaine, and mixed substances between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021: the year with the highest number of cases reported was 2020; 82% of the victims were male, and 18% were female; the main age group of reported victims ranged from 41 to 60 years old. 80% of the victims were Costa Rican, and San Jose was the province with the highest number of lethal intoxication cases, with the home being the most frequent site. 14% of the victims were unemployed, and 77% of the individuals had some addiction disorder or frequent consumption of one of the studied substances. The majority of deaths were accidental. Conclusion. The main profile of the victims was male, between 41 and 60 years old, Costa Rican, of indeterminate or single marital status, unemployed, who died accidentally, at home, due to acute intoxication with alcohol or a mixture of substances (alcohol and cocaine).

Resumen La entomotoxicología forense, que analiza insectos necrófagos para detectar sustancias tóxicas, es crucial en la determinación de causas de muerte y la estimación del intervalo post-mortem. Este estudio se centró en Peckia intermutans (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) como marcador para la detección de metanol, un alcohol potencialmente letal presente como adulterante en bebidas alcohólicas debido a su bajo costo y parecido con el etanol. Se desarrolló un método de cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (HS-GC-MS) para detectar metanol y se estudió su efecto sobre el tiempo de desarrollo, supervivencia y morfología de las moscas de la carne. Las larvas se criaron en sustratos de hígado enriquecidos con metanol (300, 500 y 1000 mg/kg). Los resultados mostraron: el método desarrollado detectó metanol en todos los estadios; el metanol afectó el tiempo de desarrollo de las moscas; la supervivencia aumentó con una mayor concentración de metanol; y los cambios morfológicos fueron evidentes en el peso. Este estudio ofrece valiosa información sobre la investigación entomotoxicológica del Ecuador, por lo que se debe considerar los cambios morfológicos de P. intermutans para evitar estimaciones inexactas de los intervalos post-mortem.

Abstract Forensic entomotoxicology, which analyzes necrophagous insects to detect toxic substances, is crucial in determining causes of death and estimating the post-mortem interval. This study focused on Peckia intermutans (Walker) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) as a marker for detecting methanol, a potentially lethal alcohol often added as an adulterant in alcoholic beverages due to its low cost and similarity to ethanol. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method was developed to detect methanol, and its effects on the development time, survival, and morphology of flesh flies were investigated. Larvae were reared on liver substrates enriched with methanol (300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). Results showed: the developed method detected methanol in all instars; methanol affected the developmental time of the flies; survival increased with higher methanol concentration; and morphological changes were evident in weight. This study provides valuable information on entomotoxicological research in Ecuador, emphasizing the need to consider morphological changes in P. intermutans to avoid inaccurate estimations of post-mortem intervals.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with methanol poisoning in two public hospitals. Materials and methods: Retrospective case series, 41 medical records of patients admitted to emergency with a diagnosis of methanol intoxication in the period 2018-2022 in two public hospitals in Lima-Peru were reviewed. Patients were from Arzobispo Loayza National Hospital and Hipolito Unanue Hospital. Results: Of the 41 patients, 35 were male, with a mean age of 44.4 years. Nearly 50% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 23/41 (56,1%) required hemodialysis. All patients presented severe metabolic acidosis with elevated anion gap. Forty-eight hours after admission, 9/41 (21,9%) patients died. Of those who survived, 23/41 (56,1%) had sequelae: 21 patients developed toxic optic neuropathy and two patients had motor sequelae due to hemorrhagic stroke. Lower pH (6,7 vs. 7,1, p<0,001) and bicarbonate (3 mmol/L vs. 4,9 mmol/L, p= 0,004) levels, as well as higher lactate (9,6 mmol/L vs 2,3 mmol/L, p<0,001) and sodium (142,5 mmol/L vs. 138 mmol/L, p<0,036) values were evidenced in the deceased patients compared to those who survived. Conclusion: Methanol poisoning continues to be a condition that leaves sequelae and it may lead to death. Severe metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap, associated with respiratory and neurological symptoms are its main manifestations; therapy is based on the administration of ethanol, bicarbonate, and hemodialysis support.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de pacientes con intoxicación por metanol en dos hospitales públicos. Materiales y métodos: serie de casos retrospectiva, se evaluó 41 historias clínicas de pacientes que ingresaron a emergencia con diagnóstico de intoxicación por metanol, en el periodo 2018-2022, en dos hospitales públicos de Lima-Perú: Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza y Hospital Hipólito Unanue. Resultados : de los 41 pacientes, 35 eran varones, con una media de edad de 44,4 años. Cerca del 50% ingresó a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y el 56,1% (23/41) requirió hemodiálisis. Todos los pacientes presentaron acidosis metabólica severa anión gap elevado. A las 48 h de ingreso 9/41(21,9%) pacientes fallecieron. De los sobrevivientes, 23/41(56,1%) presentaron secuelas: 21 con neuropatía óptica tóxica y 2 con secuela motora por accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico. Se evidenció menor valor del nivel de pH (6,7 vs. 7,1, p < 0,001) y bicarbonato (3 mmol/L vs. 4,9 mmol/L, p= 0,004), así como mayor nivel de lactato (9,6 mmol/L vs 2,3 mmol/L, p<0,001) y sodio (142,5 mmol/L vs. 138 mmol/L, p < 0,036) en el grupo de fallecidos comparado con los vivos. Conclusión: La intoxicación por metanol continúa siendo una condición que deja secuelas y puede llevar a fallecimiento, su principal manifestación es la acidosis metabólica severa anión gap alto, asociada a síntomas respiratorios y neurológicos; el tratamiento se basa en la administración de etanol, bicarbonato y hemodiálisis.

Resumen El objetivo fue estudiar la extracción de compuestos fenólicos con alto valor bioactivo, a partir de subproductos del procesamiento de manzana (GS) y frutilla (RF), utilizando solventes amigables con el medio ambiente y la extracción Soxhlet. Se determinaron los efectos del tipo de solvente (agua (W); etanol 80% (EtOH)) y la relación de extracción (1:10, 1:20, 1:30 y 1:40 p/v) sobre el contenido de fenoles totales (TPC), capacidad antioxidante (DPPH) y perfil de compuestos fenólicos. El tipo de solvente y la relación de extracción afectaron significativamente el TPC y la DPPH. La extracción con EtOH a 1:40 produjo los rendimientos más altos, obteniendo un extracto de RF con 15,8 g GAE/Kg (TPC) y 19 mmol TE/Kg (DPPH). El isómero de tetra galoil glucosa y agrimoniin (0,8-0,4 g/Kg) fueron los principales compuestos fenólicos de RF, entre los ocho identificados. El extracto de GS, obtenido con EtOH a 1:40, tuvo 11.9 g GAE/Kg (TPC) y 20,5 mmol TE/Kg (DPPH), con quercetin-3-o-glucuronido (0,43 g/Kg) como el principal compuesto fenólico entre los ocho identificados. Los resultados destacan el potencial de los solventes verdes para obtener compuestos fenólicos de alta capacidad antioxidante potencialmente bioactivos a partir de materias primas de bajo costo.

Abstract We aimed to study the obtention of valuable phenolic compounds from tissue by-products of agro-industrial processing of apple (GS) and strawberry (RF) using green solvents and Soxhlet extraction methodology. The effects of solvent type (water (W); 80% ethanol, (EtOH)) and extraction ratio (1:10, 1:20, 1:30, and 1:40 p/v) were determined on total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (DPPH), and the profile of phenolic compounds of the GS and RF extracts. The solvent type and the extraction ratio significantly affected TPC and DPPH of GS and RF extracts. Extraction with EtOH and 1:40 ratio produced the highest yields, obtaining an RF extract with 15.8 g GAE/Kg (TPC) and 19 mmol TE/Kg (DPPH). The tetra-galloyl glucose isomer and agrimoniin (0.8-0.4 g/Kg) were the main RF phenolic compounds of the eight identified. GS extract, obtained with EtOH and 1:40 ratio, had 11.9 g GAE/Kg (TPC) and 20.5 mmol TE/Kg (DPPH), having quercetin -3-o-glucuronide (0.43 g/Kg) the highest concentration among the eight phenolic compounds identified. The results highlight the potential of green solvents to obtain valuable compounds from low-cost raw materials, like the high-antioxidant capacity phenolic compound extracts obtained herein.

Abstract Standing out as the world’s leading producer of sugarcane and a leader in sugar production and export volume, Brazil plays a central role in ethanol manufacturing and biomass generation. Despite the sector’s significance, few studies have focused on evaluating the technical efficiency and socio-economic determinants of sugarcane agricultural production in Brazil. Given the economic importance of the activity and this literature gap, the aim of this study was to calculate the technical efficiency of sugarcane production using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method for a sample of municipalities in the states of São Paulo, Goiás, Minas Gerais, and Mato Grosso, using data from the 2017 Agricultural Census and the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels. Additionally, a Tobit model was employed to identify the socio-economic variables that affect the productive efficiency of sugarcane in these states. The results indicated that the mesoregions of Ribeirão Preto and São José do Rio Preto in São Paulo, and the Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba in Minas Gerais, showed the highest production efficiencies in the municipalities. Furthermore, the Tobit model results pointed out that the most relevant socio-economic variables for the analyzed states were the presence or absence of mills in the municipality and the mesoregion to which the municipality belongs. worlds world s volume generation sectors sector significance socioeconomic socio gap DEA (DEA Paulo Goiás Gerais Grosso 201 Petroleum Gas Biofuels Additionally MineiroAlto Mineiro Alto Furthermore belongs 20 2

Resumo Destacando-se como o principal produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar e líder em volume de produção e exportação de açúcar, o Brasil desempenha papel central na fabricação de etanol e na geração de biomassa. Apesar da relevância do setor, poucos estudos se dedicaram a avaliar a eficiência técnica e os determinantes socioeconômicos da produção agrícola de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil. Diante da importância econômica da atividade e dessa lacuna na literatura, o objetivo deste estudo foi calcular a eficiência técnica da produção de cana-de-açúcar, utilizando o método de análise envoltória de dados (data envelopment analysis - DEA) para uma amostra de municípios nos estados de São Paulo, Goiás, Minas Gerais e Mato Grosso, por meio de dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2017 e da Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis. Adicionalmente, um modelo Tobit foi empregado para identificar as variáveis socioeconômicas que afetam a eficiência produtiva da cana-de-açúcar nesses estados. Os resultados apontaram que as mesorregiões de Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto, em São Paulo, e Triângulo Mineiro/Alto Paranaíba, em Minas Gerais, apresentaram as maiores eficiências de produção nos municípios. Além disso, os resultados do modelo Tobit indicaram que as variáveis socioeconômicas mais relevantes para os estados analisados foram a presença ou não de usinas no município e a mesorregião à qual o município pertence. Destacandose Destacando canadeaçúcar cana açúcar biomassa setor literatura canadeaçúcar, data DEA Paulo Goiás Grosso 201 Petróleo Biocombustíveis Adicionalmente MineiroAlto Mineiro Alto Paranaíba disso pertence 20 2

Abstract The olive leaf extract and olive leaf indicated a high potential for application in food additives and foodstuffs. It could be these bio-products useful and important in condition therapy related with oxidative stress and can use it to develop functional foods and to improve the food's shelf life. The olive leaf chemical composition of Oleaeuropaea L. grown from eljouf in Saudi Arabia, using solvents of increasing polarity cyclohexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol was determined using by GC/MS. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), anti-aging, and anti-tuberculosis of olive leaf extracts were evaluated. The results indicated that extract of Oleaeuropaea L. has a considerable contains in polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and their derivatives) regarding its antioxidant effects, the major components were detected by GC/MS in Olea dichloromethane extract are Hexadecanoic acid (15.82%), 7(4Dimethylaminophenyl)3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro6 Hpyrano[2,3c]acridin 6 one (11.21%), and in Olea chloroform extract are Hexatriacontane (12.68%), nTetratr iacontane (10.95%). The results concluded that the plant extract of chloroform showed no anti-aging activities and the lower anti-aging activities for cyclohexane extract, while, the Olea dichloromethane extract was the most active extract. The obtained data confirmed that the most active extract of anti-tubercolisis was for chloroform and ethyl acetate extract, while, anti-tubercolisis activity of ethanolic extract was the lower. The extract amount as well as the solvent polarity influence the inhibitory activity. A favorable connection was demonstrated inter alia the leaf extracts antioxidant activity and the content of total phenol. foodstuffs bioproducts bio products s life L Arabia GCMS GC MS Furthermore diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH, DPPH , (DPPH) antiaging, antiaging anti aging, aging antituberculosis tuberculosis evaluated hydroxytyrosol, hydroxytyrosol (hydroxytyrosol derivatives effects 15.82%, 1582 15.82% 15 82 (15.82%) 74Dimethylaminophenyl3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro6 74Dimethylaminophenyl3312trimethyl312dihydro6 Dimethylaminophenyltrimethyldihydro 7 4Dimethylaminophenyl 3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro6 3 12trimethyl3 12dihydro6 Dimethylaminophenyl trimethyl dihydro 7(4Dimethylaminophenyl)3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro Hpyrano2,3cacridin Hpyrano23cacridin Hpyranocacridin Hpyrano 2,3c acridin 2 3c c 11.21%, 1121 11.21% 11 21 (11.21%) 12.68%, 1268 12.68% 12 68 (12.68%) 10.95%. 1095 10.95% . 10 95 (10.95%) while antitubercolisis tubercolisis phenol (DPPH 158 15.82 1 8 (15.82% 74Dimethylaminophenyl3 74Dimethylaminophenyl3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro 74Dimethylaminophenyl3312trimethyl312dihydro 3312trimethyl312dihydro6 trimethyldihydro 3,3,12trimethyl3,12dihydro 12trimethyl 12dihydro Hpyrano2 3cacridin cacridin 23c 112 11.21 (11.21% 126 12.68 (12.68% 109 10.95 9 (10.95% 15.8 (15.82 74Dimethylaminophenyl 3312trimethyl312dihydro 11.2 (11.21 12.6 (12.68 10.9 (10.95 15. (15.8 11. (11.2 12. (12.6 10. (10.9 (15. (11. (12. (10. (15 (11 (12 (10 (1 (

Resumo O extrato de folha de oliveira e a folha de oliveira indicaram alto potencial para aplicação em aditivos alimentares e alimentos. Esses bioprodutos podem ser úteis e importantes na terapia de condições relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo e podem ser utilizados para desenvolver alimentos funcionais e melhorar a vida útil dos alimentos. A composição química da folha de oliveira de Olea europaea L. cultivada em Eljouf na Arábia Saudita, usando solventes de polaridade crescente ciclohexano, diclorometano, acetato de etil clorofórmio, metanol e etanol foi determinada usando GC/MS. Além disso, foi avaliada a atividade antioxidante (difenilpicrilhidrazil - DPPH) antienvelhecimento e antituberculose de extratos de folha de oliveira. Os resultados indicaram que o extrato de Olea europaea L. que consideravelmente possui polifenois (hidroxitirosol, oleuropeína e seus derivados) quanto aos seus efeitos antioxidantes, os componentes majoritários detectados por GC/MS no extrato diclorometânico de Olea são o ácido hexadecanoico (15,82%), 7-(4-Dimetilaminofenil)-3,3,12-trimetil-3,12-dihidro-6H-pirano[2,3c]acridin-6-ona (11,21%) e no extrato de clorofórmio de Olea são Hexatriacontane (12,68%), nTetratr iacontane (10,95%). Os resultados concluíram que o extrato vegetal de clorofórmio não apresentou atividades antienvelhecimento e as atividades antienvelhecimento mais baixas para o extrato de cicloexanona, enquanto o extrato de Olea diclorometano foi o extrato mais ativo. Os dados obtidos confirmaram que o extrato mais ativo de antituberculose foi para clorofórmio e extrato de acetato de etila, enquanto a atividade antituberculose de extrato etanoico foi menor. A quantidade de extrato, bem como a polaridade do solvente influenciam a atividade inibitória, atividade e o teor de fenol total. L Saudita ciclohexano GCMS GC MS disso difenilpicrilhidrazil DPPH hidroxitirosol, hidroxitirosol (hidroxitirosol derivados antioxidantes 15,82%, 1582 15,82% , 15 82 (15,82%) 74Dimetilaminofenil3,3,12trimetil3,12dihidro6Hpirano2,3cacridin6ona 74Dimetilaminofenil3312trimetil312dihidro6Hpirano23cacridin6ona DimetilaminofeniltrimetildihidroHpiranocacridinona 7 4 Dimetilaminofenil 3,3,12 trimetil 3,12 dihidro 6H pirano 2,3c acridin 6 ona 3 12 2 3c H c 11,21% 1121 11 21 (11,21% 12,68%, 1268 12,68% 68 (12,68%) 10,95%. 1095 10,95% . 10 95 (10,95%) cicloexanona etila menor inibitória total 158 15,82 1 8 (15,82% 74Dimetilaminofenil3 12trimetil3 12dihidro6Hpirano2 3cacridin6ona Hpirano cacridin 3312 3,3,1 312 3,1 23c 11,21 112 (11,21 126 12,68 (12,68% 109 10,95 9 (10,95% 15,8 (15,82 74Dimetilaminofenil 12trimetil dihidroHpirano 12dihidro6Hpirano cacridinona 331 3,3, 31 3, 11,2 (11,2 12,6 (12,68 10,9 (10,95 15, (15,8 33 3,3 11, (11, 12, (12,6 10, (10,9 (15, (11 (12, (10, (15 (1 (12 (10 (

ABSTRACT: Chrysin flavonoid has been presented as having numerous and promising bioactive effects, such as antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antihyperlipidemic, and antidepressant. However, one of the main challenges for advances in studies on the bioactivity of chrysin is its low bioavailability in humans. Thus, aiming to overcome this barrier, several studies have demonstrated the bioactive potential of capsules containing chrysin. The objective of this review was to present the main methodologies used for the encapsulation of chrysin, and its main biological effects demonstrated so far. Our intention is to offer ways to advancement of research in the area of flavonoid encapsulation. As for the encapsulation techniques, it was found that they are diverse, and the most recurrent encapsulating agents were PEG, PLGA polymers and their derivatives, in addition to other agents, such as PCL, albumin, lipids and chitosan.The bioactive effects of the capsules are also numerous, and anticarcinogenic effects are the most frequent, in addition to other effects such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and neuroprotective. In conclusion, we verified a lack of use of green techniques for the encapsulation of chrysin, and the production of lipid-water emulsions and the dissolution of chrysin in ethanol seems to be alternatives in this regard. In addition, bioactive potential of these capsules can be evaluated in other experimental models, and should advance to clinical trials and application in food formulations. ABSTRACT antioxidant anticonvulsant antihypertensive antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory antineoplastic antihyperlipidemic antidepressant However humans Thus barrier far diverse PEG derivatives PCL albumin chitosanThe chitosan frequent antidiabetic neuroprotective conclusion lipidwater lipid water regard models formulations

RESUMO: O flavonoide crisina tem sido apresentado como tendo numerosos e promissores efeitos bioativos, como antioxidante, anticonvulsivante, anti-hipertensivo, anti-inflamatório, antineoplásico, anti-hiperlipidêmico e antidepressivo. No entanto, um dos principais desafios para o avanço dos estudos sobre a bioatividade da crisina é sua baixa biodisponibilidade em humanos. Assim, visando superar essa barreira, diversos estudos têm demonstrado o potencial bioativo de cápsulas contendo crisina. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar as principais metodologias utilizadas para o encapsulamento da crisina e seus principais efeitos biológicos demonstrados até o momento. Nossa intenção é oferecer caminhos para o avanço das pesquisas na área de encapsulação de flavonoides. Quanto às técnicas de encapsulamento, verificou-se que são diversas, e os agentes encapsulantes mais recorrentes são os polímeros PEG, PLGA e seus derivados, além de outros agentes como PCL, albumina, lipídeos e quitosana. Os efeitos bioativos das cápsulas também são numerosos, sendo os efeitos anticarcinogênicos os mais frequentes, além de outros efeitos como antioxidante, antidiabético, antimicrobiano e neuroprotetor. Em conclusão, verificamos a falta de utilização de técnicas verdes para o encapsulamento de crisina, e a produção de emulsões lipídeo-água e dissolução da crisina em etanol parecem ser alternativas neste aspecto. Além disso, o potencial bioativo destas cápsulas pode ainda ser avaliado em outros modelos experimentais, e deve-se avançar para ensaios clínicos e aplicação em formulações alimentícias. RESUMO antioxidante anticonvulsivante antihipertensivo, antihipertensivo anti hipertensivo, hipertensivo anti-hipertensivo antiinflamatório, antiinflamatório inflamatório, inflamatório anti-inflamatório antineoplásico antihiperlipidêmico hiperlipidêmico antidepressivo entanto humanos Assim barreira momento flavonoides verificouse verificou se diversas PEG derivados PCL albumina quitosana frequentes antidiabético neuroprotetor conclusão lipídeoágua lipídeo água aspecto disso experimentais devese deve alimentícias

ABSTRACT: Previous investigations have revealed that a functional fermented orange beverage presented in its composition different phenolic compounds, which through in silico investigation demonstrated to have biological effects of therapeutic importance as antioxidant, gastrorepair, and anti-ulcerative properties. Thus, this study confirmed in vivo, through a model of EtOH-induced gastric ulcers in rats, the beneficial properties indicated by the in silico tests. Gastric ulcer was induced by EtOH (intragastric) and was treated after 1 h with fermented orange beverage with and without Menthapiperita extract (0.5 mL/100 g w.b). Omeprazole was used as positive control. Histopathological evaluation revealed that EtOH administration resulted in the formation of gastric ulcers due to the reduction of the mucus layer, presence of hemorrhage, and infiltration of neutrophils in the stomach tissue of rats, and only treatment with omeprazole was able to reverse these changes. Additionally, EtOH administration altered the gastric juice volume and induced oxidative stress in the gastric tissue observed through the increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS), reduction in the levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH), and alteration in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The ingestion of the fermented orange beverage increased NPSH levels and reduced changes in TBARS levels induced by ethanol. These findings suggested that the fermented orange beverage has antioxidant effects, as pointed out by in silico studies, but not gastrorepair and anti-ulcerative effects. ABSTRACT compounds antiulcerative anti ulcerative Thus vivo EtOHinduced rats tests intragastric (intragastric 0.5 05 0 5 (0. mL100 mL 100 mL/10 w.b. wb w.b . w b w.b) control layer hemorrhage Additionally TBARS, , (TBARS) nonprotein non protein NPSH, (NPSH) SOD (SOD activity ethanol studies 0. (0 mL10 10 mL/1 (TBARS (NPSH ( mL1 mL/

RESUMO: Investigações anteriores revelaram que uma bebida funcional fermentada de laranja apresentou em sua composição diferentes compostos fenólicos, que através de investigações in silico demonstraram ter efeitos biológicos de importância terapêutica como propriedades antioxidantes, gastroreparadoras e antiulcerativas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi confirmar in vivo, através de um modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por EtOH em ratos, as propriedades benéficas indicadas pelos ensaios in silico. A úlcera gástrica foi induzida por EtOH (intragástrico) e tratada após 1 h com bebida fermentada de laranja com e sem o extrato de Mentha piperita (0,5 mL/100 g peso corporal). Omeprazol foi usado como controle positivo. A avaliação histopatológica revelou que a administração de EtOH resultou na formação de úlceras gástricas decorrentes da redução da camada de muco, presença de hemorragia e infiltração de neutrófilos no tecido estomacal de ratos, sendo apenas o tratamento com omeprazol capaz de reverter essas alterações. Além disso, a administração de EtOH alterou o volume do suco gástrico e induziu estresse oxidativo no tecido estomacal observado através do aumento da peroxidação lipídica (TBARS), redução dos níveis de tióis não-proteicos (SHNP) e alteração da atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD). A ingestão da bebida fermentada de laranja aumentou os níveis de SHNP e reduziu as alterações nos níveis de TBARS induzidos pelo EtOH. Esses achados sugerem que a bebida fermentada de laranja apresenta efeitos antioxidantes, conforme apontado por estudos in silico, mas não efeitos gastroreparadores e antiulcerativos. RESUMO fenólicos antioxidantes antiulcerativas Assim vivo ratos intragástrico (intragástrico 0,5 05 0 5 (0, mL100 mL 100 mL/10 corporal. corporal . corporal) positivo muco disso TBARS, , (TBARS) nãoproteicos proteicos (SHNP SOD. SOD (SOD) antiulcerativos 0, (0 mL10 10 mL/1 (TBARS (SOD ( mL1 mL/

Abstract This study aims to identify the direction and intensity of transmission of shocks in the prices of corn grain, available to rural producers, on the prices of products that use corn grain as an input, available to final Brazilian consumers. The products considered in the analysis were chicken meat, pork, beef, eggs, milk, and ethanol. The estimation method employed was the Structural Error-Corrected Vector Autoregression (SVEC), based on data from January 2001 to December 2022. The results indicate that shocks in corn grain prices positively influence all retail products. The cumulative 12-month elasticity of impulse to the unanticipated 1% shock in corn prices, the most expressive impacts were on egg prices (0.197%), pork (0.145%), followed by chicken meat (0.137%), ethanol (0.107%), beef (0.086%), and milk and dairy products (0.031%). producers input consumers eggs ErrorCorrected Error Corrected SVEC, SVEC , (SVEC) 200 2022 12month month 12 1 0.197%, 0197 0.197% 0 197 (0.197%) 0.145%, 0145 0.145% 145 (0.145%) 0.137%, 0137 0.137% 137 (0.137%) 0.107%, 0107 0.107% 107 (0.107%) 0.086%, 0086 0.086% 086 (0.086%) 0.031%. 0031 0.031% . 031 (0.031%) (SVEC 20 202 019 0.197 19 (0.197% 014 0.145 14 (0.145% 013 0.137 13 (0.137% 010 0.107 10 (0.107% 008 0.086 08 (0.086% 003 0.031 03 (0.031% 2 01 0.19 (0.197 0.14 (0.145 0.13 (0.137 0.10 (0.107 00 0.08 (0.086 0.03 (0.031 0.1 (0.19 (0.14 (0.13 (0.10 0.0 (0.08 (0.03 0. (0.1 (0.0 (0. (0 (

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a direção e a intensidade de transmissão de choques nos preços do milho em grão, disponível ao produtor rural, sobre os preços nas principais cadeias produtivas que utilizam o cereal como insumo e sobre os preços de produtos disponíveis ao consumidor final brasileiro. Os produtos considerados na análise foram carne de frango, carne suína, carne bovina, ovos, leite e etanol. O método de estimação empregado foi o de Autorregressão Vetorial com Correção de Erro na sua versão estrutural (SVEC), com base nos dados do período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2022. Os resultados indicam que choques nos preços do milho em grão influenciam positivamente todos os produtos no varejo. As elasticidades acumuladas em 12 meses de impulso ao choque não antecipado de 1% nos preços do milho evidenciam que os impactos mais expressivos foram sobre os preços dos ovos (0,197%), carne de suínos (0,145%), seguidos por carne de frango (0,137%), etanol (0,107%), carne de bovinos (0,086%) e leite e derivados (0,031%). rural brasileiro suína bovina SVEC, SVEC , (SVEC) 200 2022 varejo 1 0,197%, 0197 0,197% 0 197 (0,197%) 0,145%, 0145 0,145% 145 (0,145%) 0,137%, 0137 0,137% 137 (0,137%) 0,107%, 0107 0,107% 107 (0,107%) 0,086% 0086 086 (0,086% 0,031%. 0031 0,031% . 031 (0,031%) (SVEC 20 202 019 0,197 19 (0,197% 014 0,145 14 (0,145% 013 0,137 13 (0,137% 010 0,107 10 (0,107% 0,086 008 08 (0,086 003 0,031 03 (0,031% 2 01 0,19 (0,197 0,14 (0,145 0,13 (0,137 0,10 (0,107 0,08 00 (0,08 0,03 (0,031 0,1 (0,19 (0,14 (0,13 (0,10 0,0 (0,0 (0,03 0, (0,1 (0, (0 (

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between blood alcohol levels and the severity of injuries assessed by the Injury Severity Score (ISS) in patients who were victims of traffic accidents admitted to the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP). Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out between July 2018 and June 2019, at the Central Emergency Room of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (PSC-HCFMUSP). A total of 172 hospitalized patients victims of traffic accidents were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed by the FMUSP Toxicology Laboratory. Results: 36 patients (20.9%) had positive BAC (≥ 0.2 g/L) with a mean of 1.21 g/L. Overall, patients had a mean age of 37.2 years old, and 136 (79.1%) were men. The ISS of the total casuistry was 15.6; regarding the external cause, the motorcycle was ranked first with 100 cases (58.1%), and drivers were the majority with 57.4% of the sample. Conclusion: There was no correlation between the severity of the injuries and the blood alcohol levels of traffic accident victims admitted to a reference hospital. Level of Evidence II, Cross-Sectional Study. Objective (ISS HCFMUSP. HCFMUSP . (HCFMUSP) Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 201 2019 PSCHCFMUSP. PSCHCFMUSP PSC (PSC-HCFMUSP) 17 Laboratory Results 3 20.9% 209 20 9 (20.9% ≥ ( 02 0 2 0. g/L gL g L 121 1 21 1.2 Overall 372 37 37. old 13 79.1% 791 79 (79.1% men 15.6 156 15 6 cause 10 58.1%, 581 58.1% , 58 (58.1%) 574 57 4 57.4 sample Conclusion hospital II CrossSectional Sectional Study (HCFMUSP (PSC-HCFMUSP 20.9 (20.9 12 1. 79.1 7 (79.1 15. 58.1 5 (58.1% 57. 20. (20. 79. (79. 58. (58.1 (20 (79 (58. (2 (7 (58 (5

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a alcoolemia e a gravidade das lesões avaliadas pelo Índice de Gravidade da Lesão ( Injury Severity Score* – ISS) em vítimas de acidentes de trânsito internadas no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP).* Método: Estudo transversal realizado entre julho de 2018 e junho de 2019, no Pronto Socorro Central do HC-FMUSP. Foram incluídas 172 vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Amostras de sangue foram analisadas pelo Laboratório de Toxicologia da FMUSP. Resultados: 36 pacientes (20,9%) apresentaram alcoolemia positiva (≥ 0,2 g/L), com valor médio de 1,21 g/L. No geral, os pacientes tinham uma idade média de 37,2 anos, e 136 (79,1%) eram homens. O ISS da casuística total foi 15,6; quanto à causa externa, a motocicleta ficou em primeiro lugar com 100 casos (58,1%); e os condutores foram prevalentes entre as vítimas (57,4%). Conclusão: Não houve correlação entre a gravidade das lesões e a alcoolemia das vítimas de acidente de trânsito internadas em um hospital de referência. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo de Corte Transversal. Objetivo Score HCFMUSP.* HCFMUSP HC FMUSP .* (HC-FMUSP). Método 201 2019 HCFMUSP. HC-FMUSP 17 Resultados 3 20,9% 209 20 9 (20,9% ≥ 02 0 2 0, g/L, gL g/L , g L g/L) 121 1 21 1,2 geral 372 37 37, anos 13 79,1% 791 79 (79,1% homens 15,6 156 15 6 externa 10 58,1% 581 58 (58,1%) 57,4%. 574 57,4% . 57 4 (57,4%) Conclusão referência II Transversal (HC-FMUSP) 20,9 (20,9 12 1, 79,1 7 (79,1 15, 58,1 5 (58,1% 57,4 (57,4% (HC-FMUSP 20, (20, 79, (79, 58, (58,1 57, (57,4 (20 (79 (58, (57, (2 (7 (58 (57 (5