Resumen Marco contextual: Los datos que caracterizan a las personas con estomas en Portugal son escasos. Establecer estimaciones epidemiológicas puede mejorar el conocimiento sobre esta población y adaptar modelos sanitarios. Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia y la incidencia de personas con estoma de eliminación en Portugal en 2021. Metodología: Estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo, basado en una base de datos de dispensaciones de dispositivos de ostomía. Resultados: En 2021, el número estimado de personas con al menos un estoma era de 22.045, de las cuales 19.793 [IC95%:19.599;19.994] tenían un estoma de eliminación. La mayoría de ellos eran hombres (61,4%), tenían una edad media de 70,5 años y vivían principalmente en el interior del país. El tipo de estoma de eliminación más frecuente era la colostomía (48,8%). La incidencia estimada de nuevos casos fue de 6.622, de los cuales 5.834 [IC95%:5.680;5.984] eran estomas de eliminación. Conclusión: Estos resultados han permitido caracterizar el perfil de las personas con estoma de eliminación en Portugal. Podrían ser útiles para ajustar los programas de prevención/seguimiento de la salud de esta población y para asignar recursos especializados.

Abstract Background: Data characterizing individuals with a stoma in Portugal is limited. Establishing epidemiological estimates can enhance understanding of this population and facilitate the adaptation of healthcare models. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of individuals in Portugal who have undergone intestinal or urinary ostomy in 2021. Methodology: Observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study using a stoma appliance dispensing database. Results: In 2021, an estimated 22,045 individuals had at least one stoma, with 19,793 [95%CI:19,599;19,994] having an intestinal/urinary stoma. Most of these individuals were men (61.4%) with a mean age of 70.5 years and resided in the inland region of Portugal. Colostomy was the most prevalent type of intestinal/urinary stoma (48.8%). The estimated incidence of new cases was 6,622, of which 5,834 [95%CI:5,680;5,984] were intestinal/urinary stomas. Conclusion: These results characterize the profile of individuals with intestinal and urinary stomas in Portugal. They may be useful in adjusting prevention and health monitoring programs for this population and allocating specialized resources.

Resumo Enquadramento: Dados que caracterizam as pessoas com estoma em Portugal são escassos. Estabelecer estimativas epidemiológicas pode melhorar o conhecimento sobre esta população e adaptar modelos de cuidados de saúde. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência e incidência de pessoas com estoma de eliminação em Portugal em 2021. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, longitudinal e retrospetivo, a partir de uma base de dados de dispensa de dispositivos para ostomia. Resultados: Em 2021, o número estimado de pessoas com pelo menos um estoma foi de 22.045. Entre estes, 19.793 [IC95%:19.599;19.994] tinham um estoma de eliminação. Na sua maioria eram homens (61,4%), em média tinham 70,5 anos e residiam preferencialmente na região interior do país. O tipo de estoma de eliminação mais prevalente foi a colostomia (48,8%). A incidência estimada de novos casos foi de 6.622, sendo 5.834 [IC95%:5.680;5.984] referentes a estomas de eliminação. Conclusão: Estes resultados permitiram caracterizar o perfil das pessoas com estoma de eliminação em Portugal. Poderão ser úteis para ajustar os programas de prevenção/acompanhamento em saúde desta população e ainda alocar recursos especializados.

Abstract This research evaluated the flexo-compression behavior in the rigidity of the beam-pillar connection with the use of bamboo armor of the species bamboo vulgaris as an alternative replacement to conventional steel reinforcement, in the expectation of using an alternative material with ecological biases. They have manufactured reinforced concrete pillars of length 1,600 mm and cross-sections (140 x 140) mm² and (140 x 310) mm² were made, respectively, in the internal stretch and at the ends of the pillar, simulating the beam-pillar connection. The pillars had as their only variable the longitudinal reinforcement rate, of 1.03% for the conventional pillar, of 2.14%, 3.21% and 4.29% for the pillars with the bamboo. The results regarding the resistant capacity showed that the pillar with the bamboo rate of 4.29%, that is, with the reinforcement area four times the steel area, presented similar behavior to the pillar with conventional reinforcement and had the lowest ductility index, considerably reducing the propagation of cracks. And the theoretical estimates showed variability of only 9%. Thus, bamboo, with an adequate rate and adhesion, revealed a technically viable and sustainable alternative to steel in the manufacture of reinforced concrete structural elements. flexocompression flexo compression beampillar beam biases 1600 1 600 1,60 crosssections cross sections 140 (14 310 made respectively 103 03 1.03 214 2 14 2.14% 321 3 21 3.21 429 4 29 4.29 is index cracks 9 9% Thus adhesion elements 160 60 1,6 (1 31 10 0 1.0 2.14 32 3.2 42 4.2 16 6 1, ( 1. 2.1 3. 4. 2.

Resumo Esta pesquisa avaliou o comportamento de flexocompressão na rigidez da conexão viga-pilar com o uso de armadura de bambu da espécie Bambusa vulgaris como alternativa de substituição à armadura convencional de aço, na expectativa de utilizar um material com viés ecológico. Foram confeccionados 4 pilares de concreto armado de comprimento 1.600 mm e de seções transversais de 140x140 mm² e de 140x310 mm² no trecho interno e nas extremidades do pilar respectivamente, simulando a conexão viga-pilar. Os pilares tinham como única variável a taxa de armadura longitudinal, de 1,03% para o pilar convencional, de 2,14%, 3,21% e 4,29% para os pilares com o bambu. Os resultados quanto à capacidade resistente mostraram que o pilar com a taxa de bambu de 4,29%, ou seja, com a área de armadura quatro vezes a área do aço, apresentou comportamento similar ao pilar com armadura convencional e teve o menor índice de ductilidade, reduzindo consideravelmente a propagação das fissuras. As estimativas teóricas apresentaram variabilidade de apenas 9%. Assim, o bambu, com taxa e aderência adequadas, revelou-se uma alternativa tecnicamente viável e sustentável ao aço na fabricação de elementos estruturais de concreto armado. vigapilar viga ecológico 1600 1 600 1.60 x 140x14 140x31 respectivamente vigapilar. pilar. longitudinal 103 03 1,03 214 2 14 2,14% 321 3 21 3,21 429 29 4,29 seja ductilidade fissuras 9 9% Assim adequadas revelouse revelou se 160 60 1.6 140x1 140x3 10 0 1,0 2,14 32 3,2 42 4,2 16 6 1. 140x 1, 2,1 3, 4, 2,

Abstract The NBR 7190-3 (ABNT, 2022) presents various methods to determine the wood's modulus of elasticity, allowing for the adoption of equivalence between the modulus of elasticity in compression (Ec0) and tension (Et0). However, it does not provide a way to estimate the modulus of elasticity in bending (EM0), and such estimates do not consider the variation in anatomical structures among species. Faced with this gap, it is necessary to evaluate whether these equations are valid for different species. This article evaluated the elastic properties of three species: Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata), Marupá (Simarouba amara Aubl., Simaroubaceae) and Roxinho (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosae). For this purpose, a non-destructive flexural test was initially conducted, followed by compression and tension tests. Microscopic images were compared to understand the influence of anatomical structures on stiffness properties. The results confirmed the equivalence between Ec0 and Et0. The higher concentration of parenchyma cells in Cumaru and Roxinho is responsible for statistically lower values of EM0 compared to Ec0 and Et0. 71903 7190 3 7190- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2022 woods wood s Ec (Ec0 Et0 Et . (Et0) However EM0, EM , (EM0) species gap Dipteryx odorata, odorata odorata) Simarouba Aubl Aubl. Simaroubaceae Peltogyne spp spp. Leguminosae. Leguminosae Leguminosae) purpose nondestructive non destructive conducted tests 719 202 (Ec (Et0 (EM0 71 20 (Et (EM 7 2

Resumo A NBR 7190-3 (ABNT, 2022) apresenta diferentes métodos para determinar o módulo de elasticidade da madeira, permitindo a adoção de equivalência entre o módulo de elasticidade na compressão (Ec0) e na tração (Et0). Por outro lado, não apresenta uma forma de estimar o módulo de elasticidade na flexão (EM0), e tais estimativas não consideram a variação das estruturas anatômicas das espécies. Diante dessa lacuna, é necessário avaliar se essas equações são válidas para diferentes espécies. O presente artigo avaliou as propriedades elásticas de três espécies: Cumaru (Dipteryxodorata), Marupá (Simarouba amara Aubl., Simaroubaceae) e Roxinho (Peltogyne spp., Leguminosa). Para isso, realizou-se o ensaio não destrutivo de flexão, seguido de ensaios à compressão e à tração. Imagens microscópicas foram comparadas, para compreender a influência das estruturas anatômicas nas propriedades de rigidez. Os resultados confirmaram a equivalência entre Ec0 e Et0. A maior concentração de parênquimas no Cumaru e no Roxinho é responsável pelos valores estatisticamente inferiores de EM0 em relação ao Ec0 e Et0. 71903 7190 3 7190- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2022 madeira Ec (Ec0 Et0 Et . (Et0) lado EM0, EM , (EM0) espécies lacuna Dipteryxodorata, Dipteryxodorata (Dipteryxodorata) Simarouba Aubl Aubl. Simaroubaceae Peltogyne spp spp. Leguminosa. Leguminosa Leguminosa) isso realizouse realizou comparadas rigidez 719 202 (Ec (Et0 (EM0 (Dipteryxodorata 71 20 (Et (EM 7 2

Resumen Objetivo: este estudio estima un sistema de demanda de bienes alimenticios en México, incorporando dimensiones territoriales y de ingreso. Se evalúa el impacto diferenciado de choques en los precios en el bienestar económico y la tasa de pobreza, considerando variaciones entre hogares y entre cinco grandes regiones. Metodología: utilizando el modelo de valores unitarios de Deaton (1988) y la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) de 2018, calculamos elasticidades-precios y elasticidades-ingreso y el impacto de las variaciones de precios en el ingreso y la pobreza. Resultados: revelan importantes diferencias regionales y se subraya la necesidad de considerar diferencias socioeconómicas y regionales y de adoptar un enfoque territorial en este tipo de análisis y para formular políticas efectivas. Limitaciones: existen limitaciones a este estudio que pueden afectar la comprensión completa de la dinámica de la pobreza. Hemos enfocado nuestra atención únicamente en los bienes alimenticios, excluyendo un grupo específico de productos, en este caso, los productos pesqueros. También, se considera que los hogares son únicamente consumidores de bienes, omitiendo así la dimensión productiva de autoconsumo. Originalidad: radica en la vinculación directa entre las estimaciones de pobreza y la desagregación territorial, integra patrones de consumo y elasticidades específicas a cada región. Conclusiones: se resalta la importancia de considerar las diferencias socioeconómicas y regionales al analizar la demanda de bienes alimenticios y su impacto en la pobreza. A pesar de las limitaciones, nuestros hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de un enfoque territorial en este tipo de análisis para formular políticas adaptadas y efectivas de reducción de la pobreza en diferentes regiones del país.

Abstract Objective: this study estimates a system of demand for food products in Mexico, incorporating territorial and income dimensions. The differentiated impact of shocks on prices on economic well-being and the poverty rate is evaluated, considering variations among households and across five major regions. Methodology: using Deaton’s (1988) unit values model and the 2018 National Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH), we calculate price and income elasticities, examining the impact of price variations on income and poverty. Results: our results reveal significant regional differences, emphasizing the need to consider socioeconomic and regional variations and to adopt a territorial approach in such analyses for effective policy formulation. Limitations: there are limitations to this study that may affect a complete understanding of poverty dynamics. We have focused our attention solely on food products, excluding a specific group of products, in this case, fishery products. We also assume that households are only consumers of goods, thus omitting the productive and self-consumption dimension. Originality: lies in the direct link between poverty estimates and territorial disaggregation, integrating consumption patterns and specific elasticities for each region. Conclusions: our study highlights the importance of considering socioeconomic and regional differences when analyzing the demand for food products and its impact on poverty. Despite the limitations, our findings underscore the need for a territorial approach in this type of analysis to formulate tailored and effective poverty reduction policies in different regions of the country.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to put forward a methodology to evaluate the oscillatory stability of a power electric system (PES) analyzing the low-frequency oscillatory modes (LFOM) through the processing of synchrophasor measurements Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) of ambient data. The proposed methodology, based on spectral and pseudo-energy analyses and on parametric methods of Canonical Correlation Analysis and Yule-Walker, estimates the LFOM, whose frequency and damping characteristics provide critical information to PES operators to carry out preventive or emergency control actions. The proposed methodology was applied to synthetic measurements for its tuning and to characterize its range and accuracy, and to PMU records of the Ecuadorian power transmission system, successfully identifying the 0.4 Hz inter-area mode of the Ecuador-Colombia interconnection. The contributions of this work are aimed at evaluating the oscillatory stability of the PES through automatic computational tool that processes PMU signals of ambient type data.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una metodología para evaluar la estabilidad oscilatoria de un sistema eléctrico de potencia (SEP) mediante el análisis de los modos oscilatorios de baja frecuencia (MOBF) a través del procesamiento de mediciones sincrofasoriales (Phasor Measurement Units PMU) de datos tipo ambiente. La metodología propuesta, basada en los análisis espectral y de pseudoenergía y en los métodos paramétricos de Análisis de Correlación Canónica y de Yule - Walker, estima los MOBF, cuyas características de frecuencia y amortiguamiento brindan información crítica a los operadores del SEP para adoptar acciones de control preventivo o de emergencia. La metodología propuesta fue aplicada a mediciones sintéticas para su sintonización y caracterizar su alcance y precisión, y a registros PMU del sistema de transmisión de energía de Ecuador logrando identificar satisfactoriamente el modo interárea de 0,4 Hz propio de la interconexión Ecuador-Colombia. Las contribuciones de este trabajo están encaminadas a evaluar la estabilidad oscilatoria de los SEP a través de una herramienta computacional automática que procese señales PMU de datos tipo ambiente.

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology, based on frequency response models, to estimate the minimum or maximum value -nadir- that the frequency reaches when a generation - load unbalance occurs in the power system. To this end, the 1st order reduced equivalent model of the generator’s power-frequency control system is determined using the "Parameter Estimator" of Matlab/Simulink. Then, a set of equations coming from the reduced equivalent model is established to estimate the value of the maximum transient frequency deviation and its occurrence time. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, the IEEE New England test system has been chosen. Once this is done, the proposed methodology is applied to the Ecuadorian Interconnected Power System. The results of time domain simulations using the PowerFactory software are presented and compared with the results calculated using the developed reduced and analytical models. It is concluded that the proposed methodology estimates with high accuracy the maximum transient frequency deviation and its time of occurrence.

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se presenta una metodología, basada en modelos de repuesta de la frecuencia, para estimar el valor mínimo o máximo -nadir- que alcanza la frecuencia cuando en el sistema eléctrico de potencia se presenta un desbalance generación - carga. Con este fin, se determina el modelo reducido de 1er orden del sistema de control potencia - frecuencia del generador usando el “Estimador de Parámetros” de Matlab/Simulink. Luego, se establecen ecuaciones que provienen del modelo equivalente reducido para estimar el valor de la máxima desviación transitoria de la frecuencia y su tiempo de ocurrencia. Para ilustrar la aplicación de la metodología presentada se ha elegido el sistema de prueba IEEE New England de 39 barras y 10 generadores. Hecho esto, la metodología propuesta se aplica al Sistema Nacional Interconectado ecuatoriano. Se presentan resultados de simulaciones en el dominio del tiempo usando el programa PowerFactory, mismos que son comparados con los resultados calculados mediante el modelo equivalente reducido y el modelo analítico. Se concluye que la metodología propuesta estima con alta precisión la máxima desviación transitoria de la frecuencia y su tiempo de ocurrencia.

Resumen Introducción: la organización mundial de la salud estima que 2000 millones de personas padecen anemia, mientras que la pre-diabetes y la diabetes afectan aproximadamente a 352 y 460 millones de personas, respectivamente. La anemia es una complicación frecuente en la diabetes mellitus (DM). Objetivo: evaluar la asociación y probabilidad de alteraciones de la hemoglobina en pre-diabéticos y diabéticos. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retorspectivo y transversal, la población fue de 1103 pacientes (211 prediabéticos, 223 diabéticos y 669 normoglucémicos), la muestra fue el total de la población que cumplió con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión: adultos normoglucémicos y pre-diabéticos sin presencia de enfermedad aguda o crónica al momento del examen. La asociación entre variables se realizó por medio de la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la probabilidad fue determinada por la prueba de Odds Ratio. Resultados: las mujeres pre-diabéticas tuvieron una probabilidad 1.72 mayor de anemia que mujeres no diabéticas. Los hombres pre-diabéticos tuvieron una probabilidad 2.80 veces mayor de anemia que los no diabéticos. Las mujeres diabéticas tuvieron una probabilidad 2,37 más alta de tener anemia, mientras que los hombres diabéticos tuvieron una probabilidad 4,41 veces más alta que lo hombres no diabéticos de padecer anemia. Conclusiones: pacientes pre-diabéticos tienen mayor probabilidad de anemia que en no diabéticos. Es posible que la hiperglucemia persistente en pre-diabéticos se asocie a cambios en la concentración de esta hemoproteína años antes del desarrollo de diabetes por mecanismos similares, pero de forma incipiente.

Abstract Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that 2 billion people suffer from anemia, while pre-diabetes and diabetes affect approximately 352 and 460 million people, respectively. Anemia is a frequent complication in diabetes mellitus. Objective: To evaluate the association and probability of hemoglobin alterations in pre-diabetics and diabetics. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study, the population was 1103 patients (211 prediabetics, 223 diabetics and 669 normoglycemics), the sample was the total population that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: normoglycemic and prediabetic adults without presence of acute or chronic disease at the time of examination. The association between variables was performed using the chi-square test and the probability was determined by the Odds Ratio test. Results: Pre-diabetic women had a 1.72 higher probability of anemia than non-diabetic women. Pre-diabetic men were 2.80 times more likely to have anemia than non-diabetics. Diabetic women were 2.37 times more likely to have anemia, while diabetic men were 4.41 times more likely than non-diabetic men to have anemia. Conclusions: Pre-diabetic patients are more likely to have anemia than non-diabetics. It is possible that persistent hyperglycemia in pre-diabetics is associated with changes in the concentration of this hemoprotein years before the development of diabetes by similar mechanisms, but in an incipient manner.

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) continuam a ser a principal causa de mortalidade em todo o mundo. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso é uma questão importante no manejo das DCV crônicas, influenciando diretamente os resultados e os custos com saúde. Objetivos: Esta revisão sistemática, apoiada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, avalia o impacto da baixa adesão aos medicamentos cardiovasculares em desfechos clínicos críticos, como morte e eventos cardiovasculares. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca abrangente em quatro bases de dados, incluindo Medline, Embase, Lilacs e Cochrane Library. A revisão incluiu revisões sistemáticas com meta-análises que relataram estimativas de risco para a adesão aos medicamentos cardiovasculares. Foram selecionadas quatro revisões sistemáticas, cada uma incorporando estudos observacionais. Resultados: Os principais achados indicam que um aumento na adesão aos medicamentos reduz significativamente o risco de eventos cardiovasculares, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e morte por todas as causas. Especificamente, uma melhoria de 20% na adesão a medicamentos antihipertensivos, hipolipemiantes e outros medicamentos cardiovasculares correlacionou-se com reduções nos eventos cardiovasculares de 7%, 10% e 9%, respectivamente; AVC de 17%, 13% e 18%; e morte de 12%, 9% e 10%. A certeza das evidências foi moderada, sugerindo que esses efeitos provavelmente estão presentes. Esses achados enfatizam a importância de melhorar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para aprimorar os resultados clínicos no manejo das DCV. Conclusões: As evidências demonstraram reduções em desfechos duros tanto na prevenção primária quanto secundária através do controle de condições como hipertensão e concentrações elevadas de colesterol LDL, bem como os benefícios da terapia antiplaquetária em doenças ateroscleróticas. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para elucidar melhor a relação entre a adesão aos medicamentos cardiovasculares e a melhoria dos desfechos clínicos críticos.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Medication adherence is an important issue in managing chronic CVD, directly influencing outcomes and healthcare costs. Objectives: This systematic review, supported by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, evaluates the impact of poor adherence to cardiovascular medications on critical clinical outcomes such as death and cardiovascular events. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across four databases, including Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and the Cochrane Library. The review included systematic reviews with meta-analyses that reported risk estimates for adherence to cardiovascular medications. Four systematic reviews, each incorporating observational studies, were selected. Results: The principal findings indicate that an increase in adherence to medications significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, stroke, and all-cause death. Specifically, a 20% improvement in adherence to antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and other cardiovascular medications correlated with reductions in cardiovascular events by 7%, 10%, and 9%, respectively; stroke by 17%, 13%, and 18%; and death by 12%, 9%, and 10%. The certainty of the evidence was moderate, suggesting that these effects are likely present. These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing medication adherence to improve clinical outcomes in CVD management. Conclusions: Evidence has demonstrated reductions in hard endpoints in both primary and secondary prevention through the control of conditions such as hypertension and elevated LDL cholesterol concentrations, as well as the benefits of antiplatelet therapy in atherosclerotic disease. However, additional studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between adherence to cardiovascular medications and the improvement of critical clinical outcomes.

Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ~ 32 million children worldwide are affected by hearing loss (HL). Cochlear implant is the first-line treatment for severe to profound sensorineural HL. It is considered one of the most successful prostheses developed to date. Objective To evaluate the oral language development of pediatric patients with prelingual deafness implanted in a reference hospital for the treatment of HL in southern Brazil. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a review of medical records of patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery between January 2009 and December 2018. Language development was assessed by reviewing consultations with speech therapy professionals from the cochlear implant group. Results A total of 152 children were included in the study. The mean age at cochlear implant surgery was of 41 months (standard deviation [SD]: ± 15). The patients were divided into six groups considering the type of language most used in their daily lives. We found that 36% of children use oral language as their primary form of communication. In a subanalysis, we observed that patients with developed or developing oral language had undergone cochlear implant surgery earlier than patients using Brazilian Sign Language (Língua Brasileira de Sinais, LIBRAS, in Portuguese) or those without developed language. Conclusion The cochlear implant is a state-of-the-art technology that enables the re-establishment of the sense of hearing and the development of oral language. However, language development is a complex process known to present a critical period to properly occur. We still see many patients receiving late diagnosis and treatment, which implies a delay and, often, the impossibility of developing oral communication. Level of Evidence Level 3 (cohort study). WHO (WHO . (HL) firstline first line date Brazil 200 2018 group 15 4 standard SD [SD] 15. 15) lives 36 communication subanalysis Língua Sinais LIBRAS Portuguese stateoftheart state art reestablishment re establishment However occur often study) (HL 20 201 1 [SD 2

Abstract: This research analyzes the labor market transitions of people aged 55 and older in Mexico, focusing on their transition from non-availability to full-time employment, part-time employment or availability, and differentiating between women and men. It estimates multi-state models that show the onset of active aging as reflected in the transition of women to part-time employment and men to full-time employment. One explanatory factor is that unpaid domestic work reduces women’s opportunities to transition to part-time employment.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza las transiciones laborales de la población de 55 años o más edad en México, centrándose en su paso desde la no disponibilidad hacia el empleo de tiempo completo, el empleo de tiempo parcial o la disponibilidad, y diferenciando entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello, se estiman modelos multiestado que muestran un envejecimiento activo incipiente, reflejado en la transición femenina al empleo de tiempo parcial y la transición masculina al empleo de tiempo completo. Un factor explicativo destaca que el trabajo doméstico no remunerado reduce las posibilidades de las mujeres de transitar al empleo de tiempo parcial.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a prevalência de relato e notificação de violência em crianças e adolescentes no trabalho de profissionais clínicos da saúde. A busca foi realizada em seis bases de dados eletrônicas e na literatura cinzenta para estudos publicados até 1º de junho de 2022. As estimativas de interesse foram calculadas usando meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios. Dois revisores avaliaram de maneira independente os estudos potencialmente elegíveis de acordo com os seguintes critérios: estudos transversais com profissionais da saúde que prestavam atendimentos clínicos voltados a crianças e adolescentes e que se depararam com casos de violência. Dois revisores extraíram dados sobre as características dos estudos incluídos, métodos e resultados. As estimativas de interesse foram calculadas usando meta-análises de efeitos aleatórios. A meta-análise de prevalência de relato de violência realizada com 42 artigos foi de 41%. A meta-análise da notificação ocorreu com 39 artigos e foi de 30%. Aproximadamente um a cada dois profissionais da saúde se deparam com situações de violência contra crianças e adolescentes em sua prática clínica (41%) e cerca de um a cada três profissionais da saúde notificam os casos (30%). º 2022 metaanálises meta análises aleatórios critérios incluídos resultados metaanálise análise 4 41 41% 3 30 30% (41% . (30%) 202 (41 (30% 20 (4 (30 2 ( (3

Abstract This article aims to analyze the prevalence of reporting and notification of violence in children and adolescents in the work of clinical health professionals. The search was performed in six electronic databases and the gray literature for studies published until June 1, 2022. Estimates of interest were calculated using random effects meta-analyses. Two reviewers independently evaluated the potentially eligible studies according to the following criteria: cross-sectional studies carried out with health professionals who provided clinical care for children and adolescents and dealt with violence cases. Two reviewers extracted data on included trial characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Expectations of interest were transformed using random effects meta-analyses. The meta-analysis of the prevalence of reports of violence performed with 42 articles was 41%. The notification meta-analysis occurred with 39 articles and was 30%. About one in two health professionals face situations of violence against children and adolescents in their clinical practice (41%), and approximately one in three health professionals report the cases (30%). 1 2022 metaanalyses. metaanalyses meta analyses. analyses meta-analyses criteria crosssectional cross sectional characteristics methods outcomes metaanalysis analysis 4 41 41% 3 30 30% 41%, , (41%) . (30%) 202 (41% (30% 20 (41 (30 2 (4 (3 (

Abstract This paper employs a panel data model to study the impact of six key variables, three of them directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, on Mexican manufacturing exports. The panel comprises the 21 manufacturing subsectors and monthly data during the January 2020-December 2022 period. Moreover, the model specification entails supply- as well as demand-side variables. The two estimation techniques are ordinary least squares and two- stage least squares. The second estimation procedure corrects for endogeneity problems and is complemented by remedial measures to achieve more efficient parameter estimates. Along these lines, the evidence is robust in showing that manufacturing exports respond positively to an increase in external demand, a real currency depreciation, a drop in unit labor costs (ULC), a wider coverage of vaccination campaigns, and a relaxation of social distancing measures. Given that ULC fall as labor productivity rises, there is a valid rationale to conclude that investing in high- quality formal education, training and skill development could be an effective measure to raise exports. Likewise, the effects of the vaccination efforts highlights the relevance of coordinating economic policy with health policy.

Resumen En este trabajo se emplea un modelo de datos en panel para estudiar el impacto de seis variables clave, tres de ellas relacionadas con la pandemia del COVID-19, sobre las exportaciones manufactureras mexicanas. El panel comprende los 21 subsectores de la industria manufacturera y observaciones mensuales para el período enero de 2020 - diciembre de 2022. Para estimar el modelo, que incluye tanto variables de demanda como de oferta, se utilizan dos métodos: mínimos cuadrados ordinarios y mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas. El segundo método corrige problemas de endogeneidad y se complementa con medidas para acrecentar la eficiencia. La evidencia obtenida indica que las exportaciones manufactureras responden positivamente frente a un incremento en la demanda externa, una depreciación real del peso, un descenso en los costos laborales unitarios (CLU), una mayor cobertura de los programas de vacunación, y un relajamiento de las medidas de distanciamiento social. Dado que los CLU descienden conforme aumenta la productividad laboral, procede concluir que una mayor inversión en educación formal de calidad, en capacitación y adiestramiento es una medida efectiva para exportar más. Asimismo, los efectos de los esfuerzos de vacunación subrayan la importancia de coordinar la política económica con la política de salud.

Abstract This paper aims to simulate total factor productivity, following the original proposal made by Cobb and Douglas (1928). Estimates with annual frequency are computed for the United States during two periods, i.e. 1899- 1992 and 1933-2019. In the case of Mexico, estimates are computed for the 1993-2015 period. An income distribution in favor of capital in recent decades is found both for the United States and México. Capital share has grown in the United States from 25% in 1899- 1922 to 89% in 1993-2019, while for Mexico it has been 82% for 1993-2015. Functional income distribution requires close monitoring.

Resumen El presente trabajo busca simular la productividad total de los factores siguiendo el proceso originalmente propuesto por Cobb y Douglas (1928). Se llevan a cabo estimaciones con frecuencia anual para Estados Unidos durante dos periodos, es decir, 1899-1992 y 1993-2019. En el caso de México, las estimaciones se efectúan para el periodo 1993-2015. Se encuentra que la distribución del ingreso ha sido favorable al capital durante las décadas recientes, tanto para Estados Unidos como para México. La participación del capital ha crecido en los Estados Unidos de un 25% en 1899-1922 a 89% en 1993- 2015, mientras que en Mexico ha sido de 82% durante 1993-2015. La distribución funcional del ingreso requiere un estrecho seguimiento.

• The extraction of the juice from the filters in the sugar industry enables the production of torula yeast cream to promote swine feeding, allowing the amount of leftover bagasse to be increased to be used to obtain xylitol for the food industry, and to take advantage of the resulting lignocellulosic material as a source of compacted energy for the generation of electricity, in the context of a biorefinery. Assess the alternatives for the production of torula yeast, xylitol and pellets from the extraction of the juice from the filters, considering the context of a biorefinery, for the benefit of swine feeding, the food industry and electricity generation. Starting from the extraction of juice from the filters, the investment and production capacities of torula yeast cream were used, and through the materials and energy balances, the possible increases in leftover bagasse and the integration of the production of xylitol and pellets were obtained. The quantities of sugar, honey, bagasse, torula, xylitol and pellets were obtained for the different extraction rates and the increase in profits and financial indicators were analyzed. With the prices of the products, the cost of raw materials and the investment estimates, the optimal extraction percentage of the juice from the filters is around 40 percent.

RESUMEN • La extracción del jugo de los filtros en la industria azucarera, posibilita la producción de crema de levadura torula para favorecer la alimentación porcina, permitiendo incrementar la cantidad de bagazo sobrante para utilizarlo en la obtención de xilitol para la industria alimenticia, aprovechando el material lignocelulósico resultante como fuente de energía compactada para la generación de electricidad, bajo el contexto de una biorrefinería. Partiendo de la extracción de jugo de los filtros, torula, y mediante los balances se obtuvieron los incrementos posibles de bagazo sobrante y la integración de las producciones de xilitol y pellets. Se obtuvieron las cantidades de azúcar, miel, bagazo, torula, xilitol y pellets para los diferentes porcentajes de extracción y se analizó el incremento de las ganancias y los indicadores financieros El porcentaje de extracción óptimo del jugo de los filtros, en correspondencia con los precios de productos, costo de materias primas y costos de inversión estimados, está en el entorno del 40 %.

RESUMO Introdução: neste artigo é desenvolvido um modelo que inclui os principais elementos de uma situação típica de jogo em que o árbitro assistente deve julgar um possível impedimento. Neste quadro conceitual, incorpora-se o pressuposto de que o assistente realiza uma mudança de olhar e só pode avaliar a posição relativa do atacante em relação ao penúltimo adversário milésimos de segundos após o passe.. Objetivo: identificar os determinantes do grau de dificuldade que existe para o árbitro assistente julgar corretamente um possível impedimento. Material e métodos: métodos analítico-sintéticos e sistêmicos estrutural-funcionais foram utilizados como métodos teóricos de pesquisa científica. Das empíricas, análise documental e perícia, bem como estimativas baseadas em cálculos geométricos. Resultados: mostra-se que na maioria dos casos o árbitro assistente deve tomar uma decisão no momento preciso em que a distorção derivada da mudança de olhar atinge a sua expressão máxima. Conclusões: as estimativas feitas para diferentes situações permitem verificar e quantificar as derivações do modelo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: in this article, a model is developed that includes the main elements of a typical game situation in which the assistant referee must judge a possible offside. In this conceptual framework, the assumption is incorporated that the assistant makes a change of gaze and can only evaluate the relative position of the attacker with respect to the penultimate opponent thousandths of seconds after the pass.. Objective: to identify the determinants of the degree of difficulty that exists for the assistant referee to correctly judge a possible offside. Material and methods: analytical-synthetic and systemic structural-functional methods were used as theoretical methods of scientific research. From the empirical ones, documentary analysis and expert judgment, as well as estimates based on geometric calculations. Results: it is shown that in most cases the assistant referee must make a decision at the precise moment in which the distortion derived from the change of gaze reaches its maximum expression. Conclusions: the estimates made for different situations allow the model's derivations to be verified and quantified.

RESUMEN Introducción: en este artículo, se desarrolla un modelo que recoge los principales elementos de una situación típica de juego en la cual el árbitro asistente debe juzgar un posible offside. En este marco conceptual, se incorpora el supuesto de que el asistente realiza un cambio de mirada y solamente puede evaluar la posición relativa del atacante respecto al penúltimo adversario milésimas de segundos después del pase. Objetivo: identificar los determinantes del grado de dificultad que existe para que el árbitro asistente juzgue correctamente un posible offside. Material y métodos: se emplearon como métodos teóricos de la investigación científica el analítico-sintético y el sistémico estructural funcional. De los empíricos, el análisis documental y el criterio de expertos, así como estimaciones basadas en cálculos geométricos. Resultados: se demuestra que en la mayoría de los casos el árbitro asistente debe tomar una decisión en el momento preciso en que la distorsión derivada del cambio de mirada alcanza su máxima expresión. Conclusiones: las estimaciones realizadas para diferentes situaciones permiten verificar y cuantificar las derivaciones del modelo.