RESUMO: Descreve-se o primeiro caso de pitiose rinofacial com disseminação em um equino adulto no Uruguai. O animal apresentava uma massa parcialmente circunscrita medindo 30 x 23 x 9 cm acometendo o lado direito da face e com envolvimento dos tecidos cutâneo, subcutâneo e muscular, cavidade nasal direita e estruturas adjacentes. Os principais achados patológicos incluem a formação de kunkers microscopicamente caracterizados por dermatite piogranulomatosa e eosinofilica, reação de Splendore-Hoeppli, e numerosas hifas intralesionais imunomarcadas com anticorpo policlonal anti-Pythium insidiosum. Lesões semelhantes foram observadas no pulmão e nos linfonodos submandibulares. O diagnóstico foi baseado nas lesões histológicas características e imunomarcação com anticorpo anti-P. insidiosum. RESUMO Descrevese Descreve se Uruguai 3 2 cutâneo muscular adjacentes eosinofilica SplendoreHoeppli, SplendoreHoeppli Splendore Hoeppli, Hoeppli Splendore-Hoeppli antiPythium anti Pythium insidiosum submandibulares antiP. antiP P. P anti-P

ABSTRACT: We described the first case of rhinofacial pythiosis with dissemination in an adult horse in Uruguay. The affected horse presented a partially circumscribed mass measuring 30 x 23 x 9 cm affecting the right side of the face with involvement of cutaneous, subcutaneous, and muscular tissues, the right nasal cavity, and adjacent structures. At postmortem examination, the main lesions were “kunkers” characterized by pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic dermatitis, Splendore-Hoeppli reaction and numerous intralesional hyphae immunolabeling with polyclonal anti-Pythium insidiosum antibody. Similar lesions were observed in the lung and submandibular lymph nodes. The diagnosis was made by the characteristic histological lesions and the strong immunolabelling by anti-P. insidiosum antibody. ABSTRACT Uruguay 3 2 cutaneous subcutaneous tissues cavity structures examination kunkers “kunkers dermatitis SplendoreHoeppli Splendore Hoeppli antiPythium anti Pythium antibody nodes antiP. antiP P. P anti-P

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the mineralogical composition of equine enteroliths from the Aburrá Valley in Antioquia, Colombia. Samples of eight enteroliths from eight horses were subjected to semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM/SEM) analysis. The TEM/SEM of the analyzed enteroliths reported the presence of carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, silicon, potassium, bromine, iron, sulfur, and aluminum. The XRD identified struvite, newberyte, kyanite, low quartz, actinolite, nitratine, cordierite, and vivianite. Both techniques used in the analysis of the enteroliths were correlated by matching the mineral compounds with the detected chemical elements. The main mineral components of the enteroliths were magnesium phosphates, struvite and newberyte being the most common.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la composición mineralógica de enterolitos de equinos del Valle de Aburrá, Antioquia, Colombia. Muestras de ocho enterolitos de ocho caballos, fueron sometidas a análisis por Difracción de Rayos X Semicuantitativo (DRX) y microscopía electrónica de transmisión y barrido (METB). La METB de los enterolitos analizados reportó carbono, oxígeno, fósforo, magnesio, calcio, silicio, potasio, bromo, hierro, azufre y aluminio. A través de DRX se identificó estruvita, newberyta, kyanita, quartz low, actinolita, nitratina, cordierita, vivianita. Ambas técnicas empleadas en el análisis de los enterolitos se correlacionaron al coincidir los compuestos minerales, con los elementos químicos determinados. Los principales componentes minerales de los enterolitos fueron fosfatos de magnesio, siendo la estruvita y la newberyta los más comunes.

Abstract A 9-year-old gelding presented a corneal ulcer unresponsive to treatment in his right eye. The trauma was caused by vegetal material. The ophthalmologic exam revealed paraxial corneal opacity, whitish discharge, peripheral oedema, congestion of conjunctival vessels and corneal angiogenesis. Microscopic examination of smears revealed the presence of neutrophils and fungal hyphae. On day 3 of culture, several small white fluffy colonies that rapidly turned to pale green were detected. These colonies were isolated to study their micro and macromorphology. Microscopic examination revealed the presence of colourless, thick-walled, roughened conidiophores, ranging from 340 to 1650 µm in length, with globose to sub-globose vesicles, ranging from 22 to 48 µm in diameter. Vesicles had one or two series of phialides. Conidia were globose, olive-green with slightly rough, thin walls that ranged from 3 to 7 µm in diameter. Molecular identification was also performed. Both techniques confirmed the presence of Aspergillus flavus complex. Topical treatment with natamycin resulted in healing within 10 days. To our knowledge, this is the first case of equine keratomycosis reported in Argentina.

Resumen Un equino castrado de 9 años presentó una úlcera corneal en el ojo derecho, sin respuesta al tratamiento. El trauma fue causado por material vegetal. El examen oftalmológico reveló opacidad corneal paraxial cubierta por una descarga blanquecina y edema periférico, asociado a congestión de vasos conjuntivales y angiogénesis corneal. El examen microscópico reveló la presencia de neutrófilos e hifas fúngicas. Al tercer día de cultivo se detectaron varias colonias blancas que se tornaron de color verde pálido. El examen microscópico de estos aislamientos reveló la presencia de conidióforos incoloros, rugosos y de paredes gruesas, de entre 340 y 1650 µm de longitud, con vesículas globosas a subglobosas, de entre 22 y 48 µm de diámetro. Las vesículas tenían una o dos series de fiálides. Los conidios eran globosos, de color verde oliva con paredes delgadas y ligeramente rugosas que oscilaban entre 3 y 7 µm de diámetro. También se realizó la identificación molecular. Ambas técnicas confirmaron la presencia del complejo Aspergillus flavus. El uso tópico de natamicina resultó efectivo en la resolución de la lesión. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer caso de queratomicosis equina reportado en Argentina.

ABSTRACT The preparation of the boxer entails physiological changes and adaptations to guarantee the physical, psychological and social loads to which its practitioners have been subjected. Once this stage is completed, sports detraining appears, the nature of which is eminently pedagogical and consists of uninstalling the components that guaranteed the accumulation of loads during his time as an active boxer, until reaching the levels of a normal systematic practitioner of Physical Culture. The objective of this work was to design a pedagogical strategy based on a model of the same nature for detraining enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylactics, based on the use of exercises with horses as an element of change. Observation of sports sessions, document analysis, a survey of former boxers, coaches, sports doctors, officials and selected experts, as well as critical opinion and socialization workshops among boxing coaches, were used as empirical methods and techniques. As results, a pedagogical model was obtained from which a strategy was derived. These contributions were verified through the partial application of the strategy in a sports complex in Majibacoa, Las Tunas and its feasibility to be generalized was demonstrated. The article offered aims to socialize results of the research carried out on sports detraining in boxing enhanced with equine-interaction-prophylaxis. Conclusively, the theoretical and practical contributions demonstrated the fulfillment of the research objective and the solution of the scientific problem.

RESUMEN La preparación del boxeador conlleva cambios y adaptaciones fisiológicas para garantizar las cargas físicas, psíquicas y sociales a las que han sido sometidos sus practicantes. Finalizada dicha etapa aparece el desentrenamiento deportivo, cuya naturaleza es eminentemente pedagógica y consiste en desinstalar los componentes que garantizaron la acumulación de cargas durante su etapa como boxeador activo, hasta alcanzar los niveles de un practicante sistemático normal de la Cultura Física. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en diseñar una estrategia pedagógica sustentada en un modelo de igual naturaleza para el desentrenamiento potenciado con la equino-interacción-profiláctica, a partir del uso de ejercicios con caballos como elemento de cambio. Se utilizaron como métodos empíricos y técnicas la observación de las sesiones de deportivo, el análisis de documentos, la encuesta a exboxeadores, entrenadores, médicos deportivos, funcionarios y expertos seleccionados, así como los talleres de opinión crítica y socialización entre entrenadores de boxeo. Como resultados se obtuvo un modelo pedagógico del que se derivó una estrategia. Estos aportes fueron constatados mediante la aplicación parcial de la estrategia en un combinado deportivo en Majibacoa, Las Tunas y se demostró su factibilidad para ser generalizada. El artículo que se ofrece tiene como objetivo socializar resultados de la investigación realizada sobre el desentrenamiento deportivo en el boxeo potenciado con el equino-interacción-profiláctica. De manera conclusiva, los aportes teórico y práctico demostraron el cumplimiento del objetivo de la investigación y la solución del problema científico.

RESUMO A preparação do boxeador implica em mudanças e adaptações fisiológicas para garantir as cargas físicas, psicológicas e sociais às quais o boxeador foi submetido. Ao final dessa etapa, surge o destreinamento esportivo, cuja natureza é eminentemente pedagógica e consiste em desinstalar os componentes que garantiram o acúmulo de cargas durante sua etapa como boxeador ativo, até atingir os níveis de um praticante normal sistemático de Cultura Física. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em projetar uma estratégia pedagógica baseada em um modelo semelhante de destreinamento aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática, baseada no uso de exercícios com cavalos como elemento de mudança. Os métodos e técnicas empíricos utilizados foram a observação de sessões esportivas, a análise de documentos, pesquisas com ex-pugilistas, treinadores, médicos esportivos, oficiais e especialistas selecionados, bem como workshops de opinião crítica e socialização entre treinadores de boxe. Como resultado, foi obtido um modelo pedagógico do qual derivou uma estratégia. Essas contribuições foram confirmadas por meio da aplicação parcial da estratégia em uma equipe esportiva em Majibacoa, Las Tunas, e sua viabilidade de generalização foi demonstrada. O objetivo deste artigo é socializar os resultados da pesquisa realizada sobre o destreinamento esportivo no boxe, aprimorado com a interação equino-profilática. Em conclusão, as contribuições teóricas e práticas demonstraram o cumprimento do objetivo da pesquisa e a solução do problema científico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of artificial insemination (AI) services in Holstein x Brahman cows under a heat induction programme. Three experiments were carried out. In Exp. 1, a retrospective analysis of the efficiency of AI insemination of 41 000 cows treated with the combination of progesterone and oestradiol benzoate or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was carried out. In Exp. 2 it was evaluated 863 cows inseminated after heat induced with progesterone and oestradiol benzoate to know the physiological events that occur before and after service in herds with a high incidence of anoestrus. Gynaecological examinations and determination of progesterone in milk were performed. The purpose of Exp. 3 was to improve the effectiveness of AI services for cows in postpartum anoestrus treated with progesterone and oestradiol benzoate combined with a technique to identify and induce the return to service of females that did not conceive. Only 30% of the cows exceeded 40% conception. The best results were obtained when using eCG (47% vs 29%). The problems associated with the low conception rate were unfertilized oestrus, embryonic mortality and anoestrus after breeding (Exp. 2). The return to service induction technique increased (p<0.001) the conception rate of the second induced service and the percentage of accumulated pregnancy in the treated group compared to the control (69.0 and 32.0%, respectively) (Exp. 3).

RESUMEN El trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficiencia de los servicios de inseminación artificial (IA) en vacas Holstein x Brahman bajo programa de inducción del celo, Se realizaron tres experimentos. En el Exp. 1 se efectuó un análisis retrospectivo de la eficiencia de la inseminación artificial de 41 000 vacas tratadas con la combinación de progesterona y benzoato de estradiol o gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG). En el Exp. 2 se trabajó con 863 vacas inseminadas de celo inducido con progesterona y benzoato de estradiol para conocer los eventos fisiológicos que ocurren antes y después del servicio en rebaños con alta incidencia de anestro. Se hicieron exámenes ginecológicos y determinación de progesterona en leche. El Exp. 3 tuvo como fin mejorar la eficacia de los servicios de IA de vacas en anestro posparto tratadas con progesterona y benzoato de estradiol combinado con una técnica para identificar e inducir el retorno al servicio de las hembras que no llegasen a concebir. Solo 30% de las vacas superaron el 40% de concepción. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron al utilizar la eCG (47% vs 29%). Los problemas asociados a la baja tasa de concepción fueron los celos no fertilizados, la mortalidad embrionaria y el anestro posterior al servicio (Exp. 2). La técnica de inducción del retorno al servicio aumentó (p<0.001) la tasa de concepción del segundo servicio inducido y el porcentaje de preñez acumulada en el grupo tratado respecto al testigo (69.0 y 32.0%, respectivamente) (Exp. 3).

Flouride contamination of water is recognised as a serious challenge facing humanity. Consumption of water that contains excessive amounts of fluoride can result in fluorosis. Consequently, concerted efforts have been made to develop cheap, effective and green techniques/materials to remove fluoride from water, particularly potable water. Bone char prepared from bovine, swine, and equine bones has been used extensively in this regard, and is the most promising, cheap and green material for treating drinking water with high fluoride concentration, particularly in developing countries. However, research on bone char prepared from bones of animals in the wild, as well as those from domestic and semi-wild animals treated with antibiotics to enhance growth, has been scanty. Such research is important as the use of antibiotics may alter the composition of bones, and thus their potential as a green adsorbent to remove fluoride may be impaired. Furthermore, little attempt has been made so far to package char bones for easy application domestically, particularly in rural communities. SIGNIFICANCE: • Contamination of water by fluoride is a major problem globally. • Various techniques and materials have been employed for water defluoridation, including the use of bone char, which has several advantages. • Bone char prepared from bones of animals in the wild and those from domestic and semi-wild animals treated with antibiotics to enhance growth should be further investigated. • Cheaper and less elaborate processes and packaging are required to scale down the use of bone char at domestic level.

ABSTRACT Six non-linear mathematical models were evaluated (Wood, modified Wood, Quadratic, Sikka, Singh-Gopal and Cobby) to determine their ability to fit to describe the lactation curve in mares. The modeling was carried out from 197 records of milk production from mares between 2 and 190 days of lactation. The models were fitted using non-linear regression algorithms and were evaluated through the following comparison criteria: MAE (Mean Absolute Error), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error), AIC (Akaike information criterion), BIC (Bayesian information criterion) and residual analysis. The Wood, Singh-Gopal, modified Wood and Sikka models predicted that maximum milk production varies between 10 and 13 kg/day, which occurs between 30 and 42 days postpartum. According to the criteria evaluated, the Wood and Singh-Gopal models presented the best fit and were suitable for modeling lactation curves in equids.

RESUMEN Seis modelos matemáticos no lineales fueron evaluados (Wood, Wood modificado, Cuadrático, Sikka, Singh-Gopal y Cobby) para determinar su capacidad de ajuste para describir la curva de lactancia en yeguas. La modelación se realizó a partir de 197 registros de producción de leche de yeguas entre los 2 y 190 días de lactancia. Los modelos fueron ajustados empleando algoritmos de regresión no lineal y se evaluaron a través de los siguientes criterios de comparación: MAE (Error absoluto medio), MAPE (Error porcentual absoluto medio), RMSE (Raíz del error cuadrático medio), AIC (Criterio de información de Akaike), BIC (Criterio de información bayesiano) y análisis de residuales. Los modelos Wood, Singh-Gopal, Wood modificado y Sikka predijeron que la máxima producción de leche varía entre 10 y 13 kg/día, la cual ocurre entre los 30 y 42 días posparto. De acuerdo con los criterios evaluados, los modelos Wood y Singh-Gopal presentaron el mejor ajuste y se mostraron adecuados para modelar las curvas de lactancia en équidos.

ABSTRACT: Avian-derived IgY is thought to be the best therapy for scorpion bites concerning low-level side effects. The present study analyzed a hypothesis about the neutralization of scorpion venom Androcotonus australis through antibodies produced in the egg yolks of chickens. The venom used for inoculation was obtained from Androctonus australis (yellow fat-tailed scorpion) from southern Punjab, Pakistan. The lethal dose of LD50 against scorpion venom was calculated in chickens and mice. Safe doses were given to egg-laying chickens to produce IgY antibodies. The antivenom IgY antibodies were extracted from the egg yolks of immunized chicken using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. Moreover, IgY was confirmed through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion assay test. The antibody titers were evaluated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The neutralisation capacity of extracted anti-scorpion antibodies was tested on mice. The calculated LD50 of scorpion venom for chicken and mice was 4 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. SDS-PAGE and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion confirmed the presence of IgY against scorpion venom. The maximum titer value of specific IgY produced against scorpion venom was 3.5 ug/ml. A concentration of 220 ul/LD50 was effective to neutralize 1 mg of scorpion venom. It is suggested that IgY obtained from egg yolks is safe against targeted venom and can be used as an effective alternative to equine IgG antibodies against scorpion envenoming. ABSTRACT Avianderived Avian derived lowlevel low level effects yellow fattailed fat tailed Punjab Pakistan LD LD5 egglaying laying PEG (PEG method Moreover sulfatepolyacrylamide sulfate polyacrylamide SDSPAGE SDS PAGE (SDS-PAGE test enzymelinked enzyme linked ELISA. ELISA . (ELISA) antiscorpion anti mgkg kg 25 2 5 2. respectively 35 3 3. ugml ug ml ug/ml 22 ulLD50 ulLD ul ul/LD5 envenoming (ELISA ulLD5 ul/LD

RESUMO: Acredita-se que a IgY derivada de aves seja a melhor terapia para picadas de escorpião em relação aos efeitos colaterais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar uma hipótese sobre a neutralização do veneno do escorpião Androcotonus australis através de anticorpos produzidos na gema de ovos de galinhas. O veneno usado para inoculação foi obtido de Androctonus australis (escorpião amarelo de cauda gorda) do sul de Punjab, Paquistão. A dose letal de LD50 contra veneno de escorpião foi calculada em galinhas e camundongos. Doses seguras foram dadas a galinhas poedeiras para produzir anticorpos IgY. Os anticorpos antiveneno IgY foram extraídos das gemas de ovos de galinhas imunizadas pelo método do polietilenoglicol (PEG). Além disso, a IgY foi confirmada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) e pelo teste de imunodifusão dupla de Ouchterlony. Os títulos de anticorpos foram avaliados pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). A capacidade de neutralização dos anticorpos anti-escorpião extraídos foi testada em camundongos. A LD50 calculada do veneno de escorpião para galinhas e camundongos foi de 4 mg/kg e 2,5 mg/kg, respectivamente. SDS-PAGE e imunodifusão dupla Ouchterlony confirmaram a presença de IgY contra veneno de escorpião. O valor máximo do título de IgY específico produzido contra veneno de escorpião foi de 3,5 ug/ml. Uma concentração de 220 ul/LD50 foi considerada eficaz para neutralizar 1 mg de veneno de escorpião. Sugere-se que a IgY obtida da gema do ovo seja segura contra o veneno direcionado e possa ser usada como uma alternativa eficaz aos anticorpos IgG equinos contra o envenenamento por escorpiões. RESUMO Acreditase Acredita se colaterais gorda Punjab Paquistão LD LD5 PEG. PEG . (PEG) disso SDSPAGE SDS PAGE (SDS-PAGE ELISA. ELISA (ELISA) antiescorpião anti mgkg kg 25 2 5 2, respectivamente 35 3 3, ugml ug ml ug/ml 22 ulLD50 ulLD ul ul/LD5 Sugerese Sugere escorpiões (PEG (ELISA ulLD5 ul/LD

ABSTRACT: A 20-year-old, sexually intact male Dutch Warmblood horse was presented with a 5-day history of difficulty moving and non-flexion of the right pelvic limb, followed by subcutaneous swelling and permanent lateral decubitus. Despite attempts at palliative care, the horse was euthanized after clinical worsening and lack of treatment response. The main gross finding was a soft, red-to-black, lobulated mass involving the right semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris muscles. Soft, red nodules were also seen in all pulmonary lobes and adrenal glands. Histology revealed neoplastic proliferation of malignant polygonal cells, occasionally arranged in irregular anastomosing vascular channels filled with erythrocytes. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for factor VIII-related antigen, confirming the blood vascular origin. A final diagnosis of epithelioid hemangiosarcoma was made. These findings reinforced the inclusion of hemangiosarcoma as a differential diagnosis of equine muscular lesions and highlighted the histological features of the epithelioid hemangiosarcoma subtype. ABSTRACT 20yearold, 20yearold yearold 20 year old, old 20-year-old 5day day 5 nonflexion non flexion limb decubitus care response soft redtoblack, redtoblack to black, black red-to-black semitendinosus semimembranosus muscles Soft glands erythrocytes VIIIrelated VIII related antigen origin made subtype 2

RESUMO: Um cavalo macho não castrado, Sela Holandesa, de 20 anos de idade apresentou histórico de dificuldade de movimentação e não flexão do membro pélvico direito, seguido por inchaço subcutâneo e decúbito lateral permanente. Apesar das tentativas de cuidados paliativos, o cavalo foi eutanasiado após piora clínica e falta de resposta ao tratamento. O principal achado macroscópico foi uma massa macia, vermelha a preta e lobulada envolvendo os músculos semitendinoso, semimembranoso e bíceps femoral direito. Nódulos macios e vermelhos também foram observados nos lobos pulmonares e adrenais. A histologia revelou proliferação neoplásica de células poligonais malignas, ocasionalmente arranjadas em estruturas vasculares irregulares preenchidas por eritrócitos. As células neoplásicas foram imunorreativas para antígeno relacionado ao fator VIII, confirmando a origem vascular sanguínea. Portanto, foi realizado o diagnóstico final de hemangiossarcoma epitelioide intramuscular. Esses achados reforçaram a inclusão do hemangiossarcoma como diagnóstico diferencial das lesões musculares equinas e destacaram as características histológicas do subtipo hemangiossarcoma epitelioide. RESUMO castrado Holandesa 2 direito permanente paliativos tratamento macia semitendinoso adrenais malignas eritrócitos VIII sanguínea Portanto intramuscular

ABSTRACT. The objective was to identify sets of relevant atributes for pricing Mangalarga Marchador horses at auctions and to estimate a hedonic pricing function. We analyzed 452 horses at 20 auctions. The studied variables were characteristics intrinsic to the animals and attributes that influence sale price, which were identified through generalized linear and logistic model analysis. For each additional prize and additional bid, the prices decreased by R$ 2110.00 and R$ 549.00 respectively. The individual’s maternal grandsire positively or negatively affected prices, from R$ - 86.70 to R$ + 35.50. Non-pregnant females were penalized in price by R$ 110.00 compared to non-castrated males. A bay coat added R$ 215.00 to prices when compared to chestnut animals. Online auctions added R$ 20.10 to prices and virtual auctions penalized prices by R$ 617.00. The gray coat devalues a sale by 48% and Seller 3 decreasing by 18%. We conclude that auction type, number of prizes, share sold, animal category, coat, seller, number of bids, and maternal grandsire influenced the prices of Mangalarga Marchador horses, and that coat and seller that influenced the probability of the animal being sold. ABSTRACT function 45 2 analysis bid R 211000 2110 00 2110.0 54900 549 549.0 respectively individuals individual s 8670 86 70 86.7 3550 35 50 35.50 Nonpregnant Non pregnant 11000 110 110.0 noncastrated non castrated males 21500 215 215.0 2010 10 20.1 61700 617 617.00 48 18 18% type prizes sold category bids 4 21100 211 0 2110. 5490 54 549. 867 8 7 86. 355 5 35.5 1100 11 110. 2150 21 215. 201 1 20. 6170 61 617.0 35. 6 617.

ABSTRACT: Male reproductive tract disorders (MRTDs) are common in equids and may represent a significant proportion of the caseload of equine practitioners. Herein, we determined the frequency, clinico-pathological findings, and therapeutics of MRTDs in equids from a 9-year survey of the clinical records of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Midwestern Brazil. During this period, 87 affected equids presented 100 MRTDs distributed in 17 different diagnoses. Forty-three (49.4%) equids presented MRTDs affecting the glans penis or preputial skin fold. Testicles, scrotum, and spermatic cords disorders were diagnosed in 32 (36.8%) horses. Of the remaining 12 (13.8%) horses, six presented two different MRTDs on two distinct anatomical areas, and five animals exhibited the same disease, affecting two different anatomical locations. Only one horse presented three distinct MRTDs on two anatomical regions. Habronemiasis was the most frequent MRTD detected in 26% of the diagnoses, followed by miscellaneous wounds (14%), cryptorchidism (13%), inguinal hernia (13%), funiculitis (9%), paraphimosis (6%), squamous cell carcinoma (5%), urethrolithiasis (3%), preputial abscesses, and orchitis (2% each). Phimosis, ulcerative posthitis, epididymitis, hydrocele, papillomatosis, teratoma, and testicular torsion accounted for 1% each. Sixty-three (72.5%) equids received hospital discharge, 18 (20.6%) were humanely euthanized, and six (6.9%) died. This study detected the most relevant MRTDs that affected over 7.5% in a survey of 1,154 equids referred for hospital care. Our finding highlights that MRTDs may be debilitating and life-threatening conditions, and they can potentially impact the reproduction of equids in the region. This knowledge may support equine practitioners in elaborating proper sanitary and management protocols to prevent and reduce the incidence of most MRTDs recorded, improving equid production and welfare. ABSTRACT (MRTDs Herein frequency clinicopathological clinico pathological findings 9year year 9 Brazil period 8 10 1 diagnoses Fortythree Forty 49.4% 494 49 4 (49.4% fold Testicles scrotum 3 36.8% 368 36 (36.8% horses 13.8% 138 13 (13.8% areas disease locations regions 26 14%, 14 14% , (14%) 13%, 13% (13%) 9%, 9% (9%) 6%, 6 6% (6%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3%, 3% (3%) abscesses 2% 2 (2 each . each) Phimosis posthitis epididymitis hydrocele papillomatosis teratoma Sixtythree Sixty 72.5% 725 72 (72.5% discharge 20.6% 206 20 (20.6% euthanized 6.9% 69 (6.9% died 75 7 7.5 1154 154 1,15 care lifethreatening life threatening conditions region recorded welfare 49.4 (49.4 36.8 (36.8 13.8 (13.8 (14% (13% (9% (6% (5% (3% ( 72.5 (72.5 20.6 (20.6 6.9 (6.9 7. 115 15 1,1 49. (49. 36. (36. 13. (13. (14 (13 (9 (6 (5 (3 72. (72. 20. (20. 6. (6. 11 1, (49 (36 (1 (72 (20 (4 (7

RESUMO: Distúrbios do trato reprodutivo masculino (DTRMs) são comuns em equídeos e podem representar uma proporção significativa da casuística de hipiatras. Determinamos a frequência, os achados clínico-patológicos e a terapêutica de DTRMs em equídeos a partir de um levantamento de nove anos dos registros clínicos em um Hospital Veterinário no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Nesse período, 87 equinos afetados apresentaram 100 DTRMs distribuídos em 17 diagnósticos diferentes. Quarenta e três (49,4%) equídeos apresentaram DTRM afetando a glande peniana ou pregas de pele prepucial. Distúrbios dos testículos, escroto e cordão espermático foram diagnosticados em 32 (36,8%) equinos. Dos 12 (13,8%) equinos restantes, seis apresentaram dois DTRMs diferentes em duas áreas anatômicas distintas, e cinco animais exibiram a mesma doença em duas localizações anatômicas diferentes. Apenas um cavalo apresentou três DTRMs distintas em duas regiões anatômicas. A habronemíase foi a DTRM mais frequente detectada em 26% dos diagnósticos, seguida por feridas diversas (14%), criptorquidismo (13%), hérnia inguinal (13%), funiculite (9%), parafimose (6%), carcinoma de células escamosas (5%), uretrolitíase (3%), abscessos prepuciais e orquite (2% cada). Fimose, postite ulcerativa, epididimite, hidrocele, papilomatose, teratoma e torção testicular representaram 1% cada. Sessenta e três (72,5%) equídeos receberam alta hospitalar, 18 (20,6%) foram sacrificados humanitariamente e seis (6,9%) morreram. Este estudo detectou as DTRMs mais relevantes que afetaram 7,5% dos pacientes em um levantamento de 1.154 equídeos encaminhados para atendimento hospitalar. Este achado destaca que as DTRMs podem ser condições debilitantes e com risco de morte, e podem impactar potencialmente a reprodução de equídeos na região. Este conhecimento pode ajudar os hipiatras a elaborar protocolos sanitários e de manejo adequados para prevenir e reduzir a incidência da maioria das DTRMs registradas, melhorando a produção e o bem-estar dos equídeos. RESUMO (DTRMs frequência clínicopatológicos clínico patológicos CentroOeste Centro Oeste Brasil período 8 10 1 49,4% 494 49 4 (49,4% prepucial testículos 3 36,8% 368 36 (36,8% 13,8% 138 13 (13,8% restantes 26 14%, 14 14% , (14%) 13%, 13% (13%) 9%, 9 9% (9%) 6%, 6 6% (6%) 5%, 5 5% (5%) 3%, 3% (3%) 2% 2 (2 cada . cada) Fimose ulcerativa epididimite hidrocele papilomatose 72,5% 725 72 (72,5% hospitalar 20,6% 206 20 (20,6% 6,9% 69 (6,9% morreram 75 7 7,5 1154 154 1.15 morte região registradas bemestar bem estar 49,4 (49,4 36,8 (36,8 13,8 (13,8 (14% (13% (9% (6% (5% (3% ( 72,5 (72,5 20,6 (20,6 6,9 (6,9 7, 115 15 1.1 49, (49, 36, (36, 13, (13, (14 (13 (9 (6 (5 (3 72, (72, 20, (20, 6, (6, 11 1. (49 (36 (1 (72 (20 (4 (7

ABSTRACT The intussusception of the large intestine in adult horses has been poorly reported. The aim of this study is to report a case of an acute abdomen due to cecocolic intussusception in a Brazilian Sport Horse mare, aged eight, after the administration of imidocarb dipropionate. The drug used for the treatment of piroplasmosis caused a state of dysmotility in the large intestine and subsequent abdominal discomfort. Surgical intervention was necessary, performed through a median celiotomy, opting for partial typhlectomy due to tissue and circulatory compromise. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory and without serious complications, with a good short- and long-term prognosis, as the patient continued to perform its athletic functions. reported mare eight dipropionate discomfort necessary celiotomy compromise complications short longterm long term prognosis functions

RESUMO A intussuscepção do intestino grosso em cavalos adultos tem sido pouco relatada. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de abdome agudo devido à intussuscepção cecocólica em uma égua da raça Sport Horse brasileira, com oito anos de idade, após a administração de dipropionato de imidocarb. O medicamento usado para o tratamento da piroplasmose causou um estado de dismotilidade no intestino grosso e subsequente desconforto abdominal. Foi necessária intervenção cirúrgica, realizada por celiotomia mediana, e optou-se pela tiflectomia parcial devido ao comprometimento tecidual e circulatório. A evolução pós-operatória foi satisfatória e sem complicações graves, com bom prognóstico a curto e longo prazo, já que o paciente continua exercendo suas funções atléticas. relatada brasileira idade imidocarb abdominal cirúrgica mediana optouse optou se circulatório pósoperatória pós operatória graves prazo atléticas

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for ovarian superstimulation on ovarian response, follicular development and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collection in llamas. For this purpose, eighteen multiparous non-lactating adult (4–7 yo) female llamas with an average body condition of 2.8 (BCS 1–5) were submitted to a follicular ablation (FA) to induce a new follicular wave emergence. Two days after FA (Day 0), synchronized llamas were randomly allocated to three treatment groups (n = 6/group) and given 500, 750 and 1000 IU of eCG (Novormon®, Syntex, Buenos Aires, Argentina) per animal respectively to induce ovarian superstimulation. Transrectal ultrasonography were performed on Days 2, 4, and 6; and ovum pick up (OPU) was performed on Day 6. Data was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and 2-tailed Chi-square. The average size (mm) of follicles was greater (p≤ 0.05) in the 1000 IU group compared to the other groups. There was a greater (p≤ 0.05) number of follicles ≥ 7 mm in the 1000 IU group compared to the 500 IU group. Number of COCs collected on Day 6 and the COC recovery rate were not different among groups. In conclusion, a single dose of 1000 IU of eCG induced the best ovarian response resulting in larger and greater number of follicles at the time of OPU. (eCG cumulusoocyte cumulus oocyte (COCs purpose nonlactating non lactating 4–7 47 4 (4– yo 28 2 8 2. BCS 1–5 15 1 5 (FA emergence 0, 0 , 0) n 6/group 6group 75 100 Novormon®, Novormon (Novormon® Syntex Aires Argentina OPU (OPU oneway one way ANOVA (ANOVA) 2tailed tailed Chisquare. Chisquare Chi square. square Chi-square (mm p≤ p (p 0.05 005 05 50 conclusion 4– (4 1– 10 Novormon® (Novormon (ANOVA 0.0 00 ( 0.

Abstract Cyathostomins are the largest group of parasites in horses that can be controlled by ivermectin (IVM). This study aimed to run a four-dose titration trial of IVM in 28 naturally infected Thoroughbred yearlings. The local Strongyle population had been recorded to be resistant to IVM (200 µg/kg). The parasite fecal egg count (FEC) was performed to investigate the egg reappearance period (ERP) of two and five weeks (w2pt and w5pt) after IVM treatment. FEC was > 1000 on day zero for all groups. Although 100% FEC reduction was reported at w2pt for all concentrations, the FEC at w5pt revealed < 83% efficacy. This study reports the reduction of ERP using the label dose as well as 300, and 400 µg/kg (double dose) of IVM. The protocol allowed IVM to significantly suppress FEC w2pt although not eliminating adult worms, failing to guarantee an extension of its protection period over 8 weeks. Moreover, the FEC at w5pt possibly means the infection was not cleared, and worms reestablished egg laying. We raised the possibility of withdrawing IVM of control programs when the drug has less than 80% FEC reduction at w5pt. . (IVM) fourdose four 2 yearlings 200 (20 µg/kg. µgkg µg kg µg/kg) (FEC (ERP wpt w pt treatment 100 groups concentrations 83 efficacy 300 40 double Moreover cleared laying 80 (IVM 20 (2 10 30 4 ( 1 3

Resumo Ciatostomíneos são o maior grupo de parasitos de equinos, controlados com ivermectina (IVM). Este estudo teve o objetivo de realizar um teste com quatro doses de IVM, em 28 potros Puro-Sangue Inglês. Os estrôngilos eram resistentes a IVM (200 µg/kg). A contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) foi realizada após tratamento (pt), para determinar o período de reaparecimento de ovos (PRO) após duas e cinco semanas (s2pt e s5pt). A OPG foi >1000 para todos os grupos. Observou-se 100% de redução na OPG na s2pt para todas as concentrações de IVM. A OPG na s5pt revelou < 83% de redução. Este estudo relata uma redução considerável do PRO utilizando a dose de bula, e as doses de 300 e 400 μg/kg (dobro da dose) de IVM contra ciatostomíneos em equinos. O protocolo permitiu observar a redução da postura de ovos na s2pt com IVM, falhando na garantia da extensão de proteção da droga. O reaparecimento da OPG significa que a infecção não foi eliminada. Foi levantada a possibilidade de restringir o uso de IVM, quando o medicamento atingir menos de 80% de redução da OPG na s5pt. equinos . (IVM) 2 PuroSangue Puro Sangue Inglês 200 (20 µg/kg. µgkg µg/kg µg kg µg/kg) (OPG pt, pt , (pt) (PRO spt s s5pt) 1000 >100 grupos Observouse Observou se 100 83 bula 30 40 μgkg μg dobro droga eliminada 80 (IVM 20 (2 (pt >10 10 8 3 4 ( >1 1 >

Abstract Reproductive biotechniques in the equine species have advanced in the last decade and horse breeders have started to question the possibilities of interfering in the determination of foal sex. The aim of the present study was to verify whether the variables mares and stallion’s age, side of the ovary containing the preovulatory follicle, preovulatory follicle diameter, time between breeding and ovulation, and ovulation inducing hormones influence the sex of the foal. A total of 259 reproductive cycles of 160 mares and 22 Thoroughbred stallions were used. Statistical analysis was performed using R software, including Pearson's chi-square test and logistic regression. Of the total foals born, 136 were males (52.51%) and 123 were females (47.49%). In mares that ovulated with -24h after ovulation induction, 104 foals (54.74%) were males and 86 (45.26%) were females, while in mares that ovulated with +24h, 32 foals (46.38%) were males and 37 (53.62%) were females. Stallions up to 15 years old had 44.14% (n=49) females and those over 15 years had 49.66% (n=73) females. The simple logistic regression model showed that mares and stallions under 15 years old, mares with ovulation time less than 24 hours and treated with Deslorelin had a higher probability of having male foals, but the Pearson's chi-square test showed that foals gender were not influenced by the variables studied. stallion s age diameter 25 16 2 used software Pearsons Pearson chisquare chi square born 13 52.51% 5251 52 51 (52.51% 12 47.49%. 4749 47.49% . 47 49 (47.49%) 24h h induction 10 54.74% 5474 54 74 (54.74% 8 45.26% 4526 45 26 (45.26% +24h 3 46.38% 4638 46 38 (46.38% 53.62% 5362 53 62 (53.62% 1 4414 44 14 44.14 n=49 n49 n (n=49 4966 66 49.66 n=73 n73 73 (n=73 studied 52.51 525 5 (52.51 474 47.49 4 (47.49% 54.74 547 7 (54.74 45.26 452 (45.26 46.38 463 (46.38 53.62 536 6 (53.62 441 44.1 n=4 n4 (n=4 496 49.6 n=7 n7 (n=7 52.5 (52.5 47.4 (47.49 54.7 (54.7 45.2 (45.2 46.3 (46.3 53.6 (53.6 44. n= (n= 49. 52. (52. 47. (47.4 54. (54. 45. (45. 46. (46. 53. (53. (n (52 (47. (54 (45 (46 (53 (5 (47 (4 (