ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of hospitalized patients with retinoblastoma in Brazil. Methods: Using data from the Hospital Cancer Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer, patients with the morphological codes of retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between 2000 to 2018, aged 0–19 years, and followed up in registered hospitals (analytical cases) were selected. The relative and absolute frequencies of demographic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome variables were described. Hospital performance indicators were calculated and compared between hospitals qualified and not qualified to treat pediatric oncology cases and between hospitals with different case volumes (<20, 20-75, >75 cases). Results: Of the 2,269 identified analytical cases from 86 institutions, 48% were from the Southeast, 54% were male, and 66% were aged <4 years. The proportion of missing data (NA) was too high for several variables. Approximately 84% of the patients were from the public health system, 40% had a positive family history, and 88% had unilateral involvement. The first treatment included surgery in 58.3% of the patients (NA=2), Approximately 36.6% of these patients achieved complete remission, 10.8% achieved partial remission, and 12.7% died (NA=59%). Hospital performance indicators were within the target in >90% of the patients. The median time between the first appointment and diagnosis (6 days, interquartile range [IQR] 1–14) was significantly lower and the median time to death was longer (343 days, IQR, 212-539) in high-volume hospitals (>75 cases) than in medium- and low-volume hospitals. Conclusions: Despite the high proportion of missing data, we found that the delay in diagnosis is due to prehospital factors. Additionally, there is a need for educational programs for healthcare professionals and families that emphasize early identification and referral to specialized centers. Future studies should focus on the impact of Hospital Cancer Registry data completeness on outcomes, causes of delay in diagnosis, regional inequalities, and barriers to accessing specialized services. Purpose Brazil Methods Câncer 200 2018 019 0 19 0–1 years selected demographic diagnostic therapeutic described <20, 20 (<20 2075, 2075 75, 75 20-75 >7 cases. . Results 2269 2 269 2,26 8 institutions 48 Southeast 54 male 66 4 < NA (NA 84 system 40 history 88 involvement 583 58 3 58.3 NA=2, NA2 NA=2 , (NA=2) 366 36 6 36.6 remission 108 10 10.8 127 12 7 12.7 NA=59%. NA59 NA=59% 59 (NA=59%) 90 >90 ( days IQR [IQR 1–14 114 1 14 343 (34 212539 212 539 212-539 highvolume volume (>7 medium lowvolume low Conclusions factors Additionally centers outcomes inequalities services 201 01 0– <20 (<2 207 20-7 > 226 26 2,2 5 58. NA= (NA=2 36. 10. 12. NA5 NA=59 (NA=59% 9 >9 1–1 11 34 (3 21253 21 53 212-53 (> <2 (< 20- 22 2, (NA= NA=5 (NA=59 1– 2125 212-5 (NA=5 212-

RESUMO A doença renal crônica (DRC) representa um dos principais problemas de saúde pública da atualidade. A dosagem da creatinina sérica e a estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) são as principais ferramentas para avaliação da função renal. Para a estimativa da TFG, existem diversas equações, sendo a mais recomendada a CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease – Epidemiology). Existem ainda algumas controvérsias com relação à dosagem da creatinina sérica e da estimativa da TFG, uma vez que vários fatores podem interferir nesse processo. Uma importante mudança recente foi a retirada da correção por raça das equações para estimativa da TFG, que superestimavam a função renal, e consequentemente retardavam a implementação de tratamentos como diálise e transplante renal. Neste documento de consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia e Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica e Medicina Laboratorial são revisados os principais conceitos relacionados à avaliação da função renal, possíveis controvérsias existentes e recomendações para a estimativa da TFG na prática clínica. DRC (DRC atualidade (TFG CKDEPI CKD EPI Chronic Epidemiology. Epidemiology . Epidemiology) processo clínica

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of today’s main public health problems. Serum creatinine measurement and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the main tools for evaluating renal function. There are several equations to estimate GFR, and CKD-EPI equation (Chronic Kidney Disease – Epidemiology) is the most recommended one. There are still some controversies regarding serum creatinine measurement and GFR estimation, since several factors can interfere in this process. An important recent change was the removal of the correction for race from the equations for estimating GFR, which overestimated kidney function, and consequently delayed the implementation of treatments such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. In this consensus document from the Brazilian Societies of Nephrology and Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the main concepts related to the assessment of renal function are reviewed, as well as possible existing controversies and recommendations for estimating GFR in clinical practice. CKD (CKD todays today s problems (GFR CKDEPI EPI Epidemiology process transplantation Medicine reviewed practice

RACIONAL: Identificação de fatores de risco epidemiológicos no esôfago de Barrett resultando em displasia e adenocarcinoma e seu impacto na prevenção e detecção precoce. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar fatores de risco epidemiológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de displasia e adenocarcinoma a partir do Barrett em população específica. Realizar análise crítica do período de vigilância, objetivando individualizar o tempo de seguimento conforme riscos identificados. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle retrospectivo em centro terciário com pacientes com esôfago de Barrett diagnosticados e seguidos neste centro. Pacientes com Barrett que apresentaram adenocarcinoma e/ou displasia foram comparados aos que não apresentaram, levando em consideração as variáveis sexo, idade, tabagismo, IMC, etnia e extensão do Barrett. Posteriormente, foi realizada regressão logística para mensuração da razão de chances entre fatores de risco para o desfecho adenocarcinoma e desfecho displasia. Foi correlacionada a presença de fatores epidemiológicos de risco nessa população com o tempo de desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma a partir da metaplasia. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis tabagismo, raça, sexo, extensão do Barrett e idade no grupo com adenocarcinoma em relação ao sem adenocarcinoma; tabagistas e ex-tabagistas apresentaram risco 4,309 vezes maior de desenvolver adenocarcinoma; a extensão do Barrett aumentou o risco em 1,193 vezes a cada centímetro. No grupo com displasia, as variáveis tabagismo, extensão do Barrett e idade se mostraram significantes estatisticamente; extensão do Barrett aumentou 1,128 vezes a cada centímetro o risco de displasia e idade aumentou 1,023 a cada ano o risco desse desfecho. Pacientes sem fatores de risco não desenvolveram adenocarcinoma em menos de 12 meses, mesmo com displasia anteriormente. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo confirmou maior risco de desenvolver displasia e adenocarcinoma em grupos epidemiológicos específicos, podendo direcionar o seguimento em pacientes com Esôfago de Barrett de forma mais custo efetiva.

BACKGROUND: Identification of epidemiological risk factors in Barrett's esophagus resulting in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma and its impact on prevention and early detection. AIMS: To evaluate epidemiological risk factors involved in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma from Barrett's esophagus in a specific population. To critically analyze the surveillance period, aiming to individualize follow-up time according to identified risks. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study in a tertiary center with patients diagnosed and followed up for Barrett's esophagus. Patients with Barrett's esophagus who developed adenocarcinoma and/or dysplasia were compared to those who did not, considering variables such as sex, age, smoking status, Body mass index, ethnicity, and Barrett's extension. Logistic regression was performed to measure the odds ratio between risk factors for the outcome of adenocarcinoma and of dysplasia. The presence of epidemiological risk factors in this population was correlated with the time to develop adenocarcinoma from metaplasia. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the variables smoking status, race, sex, Barrett's esophagus extension, and age in the group with adenocarcinoma compared to the group without adenocarcinoma; smokers and former smokers had a 4.309 times higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma; the extension of Barrett's esophagus increased the risk by 1.193 times for each centimeter. In dysplasia group, the variables smoking status, Barrett's extension, and age were statistically significant; the extension of Barrett's esophagus increased the risk of dysplasia by 1.128 times for each centimeter, and age increased the risk by 1.023 times for each year. Patients without risk factors did not develop adenocarcinoma within 12 months, even with prior dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed a higher risk of developing dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in specific epidemiological groups, allowing for more cost-effective monitorization in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

RESUMO Introdução: O padel é um esporte crescente e popular em todo o mundo. No entanto, o aumento da prática desse esporte levou a um aumento das lesões relacionadas. Objetivo: determinar quais são as regiões e os tecidos corporais mais lesionados, bem como as principais lesões relacionadas à prática do padel; assim como os fatores de risco e as medidas para sua prevenção. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma pesquisa na literatura para abordar diferentes aspectos relacionados ao paddle, os fatores de risco para lesões também foram investigados e as estratégias de prevenção existentes foram analisadas. Resultados: os resultados indicam que o peso da raquete é um fator determinante no aparecimento de lesões, e recomenda-se que ele não ultrapasse 350 gramas. Além disso, foram identificadas diferenças nas lesões entre homens e mulheres, sendo que as mulheres são mais propensas a lesões ligamentares e os homens a lesões tendinosas ou musculares. Também são observadas diferenças nas lesões de acordo com o nível de jogo e a experiência dos jogadores. Em termos de prevenção de lesões, são recomendados exercícios de fortalecimento, estabilidade e propriocepção, além de trabalhar a técnica e usar equipamentos adequados. Conclusões: é importante implementar estratégias preventivas baseadas em evidências para reduzir o risco de lesões e promover a saúde dos jogadores de padel.

ABSTRACT Introduction: padel is a growing and popular sport worldwide. However, the increase in the practice of this sport has led to an increase in related injuries. Objective: to determine which are the most injured body regions and tissues, as well as the main injuries related to the practice of padel; the risk factors and measures for their prevention. Materials and methods: a bibliographic search was carried out to address different aspects related to padel, the risk factors for injuries were also investigated and the existing prevention strategies were analyzed. Results: the results indicate that the weight of the paddle is a determining factor in the appearance of injuries, and it is recommended that it should not exceed 350 grams. In addition, differences in injuries between men and women have been identified, with women being more prone to ligament injuries and men to tendon or muscle injuries. Differences in injuries are also observed according to the level of play and experience of the players. Regarding injury prevention, it is recommended to perform strengthening, stability and proprioception exercises, as well as to work on technique and use appropriate equipment. Conclusions: it is important to implement evidence-based preventive strategies to reduce the risk of injuries and promote health in padel players.

RESUMEN Introducción: el pádel es un deporte en crecimiento y popularidad a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el aumento en la práctica de este deporte ha llevado a un incremento en las lesiones relacionadas. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son las regiones corporales y tejidos más lesionados, así como las lesiones principales relacionadas con la práctica del pádel; así como los factores de riesgo y las medidas para su prevención. Materiales y métodos: se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica para abordar diferentes aspectos relacionados con el pádel, también se han investigado los factores de riesgo de lesiones y se han analizado las estrategias de prevención existentes. Resultados: los resultados indican que el peso de la pala es un factor determinante en la aparición de lesiones, siendo recomendable que no supere los 350 gramos. Además, se han identificado diferencias en las lesiones entre hombres y mujeres, con las mujeres siendo más propensas a lesiones ligamentosas y los hombres a lesiones tendinosas o musculares. También se observan diferencias en las lesiones según el nivel de juego y la experiencia de los jugadores. En cuanto a la prevención de lesiones, se recomienda realizar ejercicios de fortalecimiento, estabilidad y propiocepción, así como trabajar la técnica y utilizar equipamiento adecuado. Conclusiones: es importante implementar estrategias preventivas basadas en la evidencia para reducir el riesgo de lesiones y promover la salud en los jugadores de pádel.

Resumen. El juicio clínico se ha convertido en un tópico capital para la filosofía de la medicina y la profesión médica desde los sesenta. Tras el desarrollo de la medicina basada en la evidencia en los noventa, se espera una mayor sensibilidad en el juicio clínico frente a las necesidades y preferencias de los pacientes ante las amenazas de enfoques positivistas, que, se considera, descuidan la individualidad. Este artículo aborda este problema a la luz de una filosofía de la medicina más sensible a los componentes históricos de la epistemología, la ontología y la ética. Se dirige la mirada al siglo XIX para dilucidar las tensiones en torno al lugar de los conocimientos médicos y la apuesta por dotar al juicio clínico de nuevos métodos para la mejora profesional. Este retorno al pasado ayuda a comprender las transformaciones actuales del campo de la medicina, especialmente en cuanto a cómo ayudan a constituir nuevos tipos de pacientes, nuevos tipos de ethos profesional y nuevas formas de relación entre dichos actores.

Abstract. Clinical judgement has become a central topic in both medicine and the philosophy since the 1960s. With the development of evidence-based medicine in the 1990s, clinical judgment is expected to be more sensitive to the needs and preferences of patients in the face of threats from positivist approaches that are considered to neglect individuality. This paper addresses this problem in the light of a philosophy of medicine that is more sensitive to the historical components of epistemology, ontology, and ethics. The analysis is directed to the 19th century in order to elucidate the tensions about the place of medical knowledge and the commitment, for the sake of professional improvement, to provide clinical judgment with new methods. This trip to the past is useful to understand the current transformations in the field of medicine, especially the way in which they help constitute new types of patients, new types of professional ethos, and new forms of relationship between these actors.

BACKGROUND. Pathology of the hand causes functional impairment, with downstream effects for patient occupation, and consequently presents a socioeconomic burden. Investigation of the epidemiology of hand pathology in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) can help reduce the burden of disease. Identifying where the greatest need is can direct patient awareness initiatives, medical training and appropriate allocation of resources. OBJECTIVES. To establish the prevalence of hand pathology at regional hospitals that offer orthopaedic services in KZN, to describe the patients most commonly affected by these pathologies and to identify the most common pathologies. METHODS. A cross-sectional investigation of hospital records and charts of patients presenting for orthopaedic care across all 10 regional hospitals in KZN that offer orthopaedic services was undertaken for 1 week's duration (June 2022). Patients were categorised into hand pathology (HP) and general orthopaedic pathology (OP) groups, which were each subdivided into trauma and non-trauma subgroups. Demographic details were collected for all patients. For HP patients, additional detail was collected regarding diagnosis, mechanism, admission and management. The prevalence of HP was calculated as a factor of all orthopaedic presentations. RESULTS. During the investigation, 2 335 patients presented to orthopaedic services. HP represented 21% of these cases. The majority (17%, 406/2 335) were related to trauma and represented 23% of all the traumatic orthopaedic presentations. Distal radius (DR) fractures were the most common hand injury (46%, 188/406) and a large proportion of trauma to the bony elements of the hand were open injuries (23%, 93/406). The remainder of HP cases comprised the non-traumatic group (4%, 91/2 335) and were predominantly infections (68%, 62/91), and many patients with non-traumatic hand pathology required surgery (60%, 55/91) and admission (56%, 52/91). CONCLUSION. HP represents approximately one-fifth of all orthopaedic presentations to regional health facilities in KZN offering orthopaedic care, and close to a quarter of orthopaedic trauma occurs in the hand. Based on these findings, targeted efforts to improve community awareness of precautions against trauma to the hand, osteopaenia and hand hygiene are suggested as preventive measures. Medical training should emphasise the appropriate management of DR fractures and hand infections, and resources should be differentially allocated to the management of these debilitating HPs to decrease the burden of disease.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries related to work are extremely common, often resulting from workplace accidents. The knowledge of occupational diseases and injuries by the Occupational Health Physician is crucial for Occupational Medicine. This clinical case describes a 37-year-old male patient who sought Emergency Services due to a fall from stairs with right knee trauma involving hyperflexion during work. The diagnosis confirmed a complete rupture of the patellar tendon. With this clinical case, it was made a review of the literature about occupational and personal risk factors for patellar tendon rupture; as to investigate whether the literature describes any sequelae of the injury that may result in work limitations. Methods: A non-systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed database with the keywords "Patellar tendon; knee injury; outcome; patellar tendon repair." Two articles not included in this filter were added for their relevance to the topic. Out of 56 articles published as systematic reviews and classic reviews between 2002 and 2022, a total of 23 articles were selected through the reading of abstracts. Exclusion criteria included bilateral rupture of the patellar tendon, studies exclusively focused on patellar tendon rupture in a sports context, and approaches to new surgical techniques. After reading these bibliographic sources, seven were used in the discussion of this clinical case. Results: Patellar tendon rupture is an uncommon and disabling injury with a higher incidence in men under 40 years old. In cases of total tendon rupture, surgical intervention is necessary to restore the extensor mechanism's functionality. Various authors have described potential predisposing conditions for patellar tendon rupture, such as the use of corticosteroids and fluoroquinolones, diabetes, rheumatic disease, Lyme disease and microtrauma. Most described cases are sports-related injuries. The relationship with occupational risk factors is not clear, except for professional athletes. Repetitive microtrauma is one of the main causes of patellar tendinopathy, which can lead to patellar tendon rupture and is defined as "overuse pathology," present in professions such as floor installers. Conclusion: Occupational medicine plays a relevant role in reintegrating workers after a workplace accident. Understanding the epidemiology, identifying injury mechanisms, treatment and prognosis of this pathology is important not only for preventing future workplace accidents but also for adapting the worker's return to their job.

RESUMO Introdução: As lesões músculo-esqueléticas ligadas ao trabalho são extremamente frequentes e muitas decorrentes dos acidentes laborais. O conhecimento das doenças e lesões provadas em contexto ocupacional é importante para a Medicina do Trabalho. Na descrição deste caso clínico apresenta-se um trabalhador de 37 anos, sexo masculino, que recorre ao Serviço de Urgência por queda de escadas com traumatismo do joelho direito com mecanismo de hiperflexão durante o trabalho. Após confirmação de diagnóstico de rotura total do tendão rotuliano. Com este caso clínico pretende-se rever na literatura a existência de fatores de risco ocupacionais e pessoais para esta situação clínica; bem como sequelas que possam configurar limitações na capacidade de trabalho. Métodos: Foi realizada a revisão de literatura não sistemática recorrendo a base de dados de artigos PubMed com as palavras-chave “Patellar tendon; knee injury; outcome; patellar tendon repair”. Foram incluídos dois artigos extra, pela sua relevância para o tema. Dos 56 estudos publicados como revisão sistemática e revisão, publicados entre 2002 e 2022, foram selecionados por leitura do resumo 23 documentos. Os critérios de exclusão foram rutura bilateral do rotuliano, estudos que dirigidos exclusivamente a rutura do rotuliano em contexto desportivo e abordagens a novas técnicas cirúrgicas. Após leitura destas fontes bibliográficas foram usadas sete na discussão deste caso clínico. Resultados: A rotura do tendão rotuliano é uma lesão incomum e incapacitante com maior incidência em homens com idade inferior a 40 anos. Nos casos de rotura total do tendão, a intervenção cirúrgica é necessária para restaurar a funcionalidade do mecanismo extensor. Diferentes autores descreveram a possível predisposição a condições para rotura do tendão rotuliano como o uso de corticosteroides e fluoroquina, diabetes, doença reumática, doença de Lume e o microtrauma. A maioria dos casos descritos são lesões desportivas. A relação com fatores de risco ocupacionais não é clara, com exceção dos atletas profissionais. O microtrauma repetitivo é uma das principais causas de tendinopatia patelar, que pode levar a rotura do rotuliano e que é definida como “patologia de uso excessivo”, que pode estar presente em profissões como assentadores de pavimento. Conclusão: A medicina do trabalho tem um papel relevante na reintegração dos trabalhadores após em caso de acidente no local de trabalho. Conhecer a epidemiologia, identificar os mecanismos de lesão, tratamento e prognóstico desta patologia é importante, não só para atuar na prevenção de futuros acidentes de trabalho, mas também para adaptar o retorno do trabalhador ao seu posto de trabalho.

ABSTRACT Hydatid disease is an endemic parasitosis in Argentina. The liver and lungs are the organs more commonly affected, but isolated splenic involvement is rare. The aim of this study is to report two cases of isolated splenic hydatid disease. The diagnosis was suspected by epidemiology and imaging tests. The serologic tests were negative in both cases. Surgical management was decided and both patients underwent laparoscopic total splenectomy. This disease should be suspected in endemic areas in the presence of splenic cysts despite negative serologic tests. Total splenectomy prevents local recurrence and complications associated with the residual cavity. The laparoscopic approach is preferred as it results in a shorter length of hospital stay and fewer abdominal wall complications.

RESUMEN La hidatidosis es una parasitosis endémica en la Argentina. Los órganos más afectados son hígado y pulmón, pero la afectación esplénica única es infrecuente. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar 2 casos de hidatidosis esplénica única. Su diagnóstico presuntivo se realizó mediante el antecedente epidemiológico y los estudios por imágenes. Las serologías resultaron negativas en ambos casos. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico: se realizó esplenectomía laparoscópica total. Esta patología debe sospecharse en zonas endémicas ante la aparición de quistes esplénicos a pesar de presentar serologías negativas. La esplenectomía total evita la recidiva local y cavidades residuales; se prefiere el abordaje laparoscópico al disminuir la estadía hospitalaria y las complicaciones de la pared abdominal.

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling remote patient monitoring, personalized care and disease prevention. In Ecuador, research on IoT in the healthcare field is rapidly expanding. However, there’s a need for a clearer understanding of the current state of this research. This study examines the contributions of Ecuadorian authors in this field through their publications in two globally impactful bibliographic databases. The methodology employed is a systematic review using the PRISMA statement, resulting in a final stage comprising 23 articles. These publications encompass system proposals, prototypes, and reviews with applications in areas such as epidemiology, cardiology and nursing. The recurrent mention of patient information privacy is a challenge in implementing IoT-based healthcare systems. The conclusions emphasize that future work perspectives should address the challenges identified, considering the growing trend of publications from Ecuadorian authors.

Resumen: El Internet de las Cosas (IoT) tiene el potencial de revolucionar la atención médica al permitir la monitorización remota de pacientes, atención personalizada y prevención de enfermedades. En Ecuador, la investigación sobre IoT en el campo de la salud está expandiéndose rápidamente. Sin embargo, es necesario tener una comprensión más clara del estado actual de esta investigación. Es así como el presente trabajo analiza las contribuciones de los autores ecuatorianos en este campo, a través de sus publicaciones en dos bases de datos bibliográficas de impacto global. La metodología empleada es una revisión sistemática utilizando la declaración PRISMA, lo que resulta en una etapa final con 23 artículos. Las publicaciones abarcan propuestas de sistemas, prototipos y revisiones con aplicaciones en áreas como epidemiología, cardiología y enfermería. Se destaca la mención recurrente de la privacidad de la información del paciente como un desafío en la implementación de sistemas de atención médica basados en IoT. En las conclusiones se enfatiza que las perspectivas de trabajo futuro deben abordar los desafíos expuestos, teniendo en cuenta la creciente tendencia de publicaciones de autores ecuatorianos.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a exposição aos agrotóxicos e os danos à saúde dos trabalhadores das plantações de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco. Trata-se de pesquisa participante desenvolvida em territórios rurais de cinco municípios com forte expressão em área plantada de cana-de-açúcar. Os dados primários foram produzidos em oficinas com trabalhadores rurais para construção de diagnóstico rural participativo, analisados mediante condensação de significados e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico da epidemiologia crítico latino-americana. Os resultados estão apresentados em três seções: i) Fluxograma do trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar; ii) Exposição aos agrotóxicos utilizados nas lavouras; iii) Danos à saúde do trabalhador. Conclui-se que a exposição permanente aos agrotóxicos envolve o trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar e emerge de um construto histórico e socioambiental, em que se encontram subsumidos os modos de vida dos territórios sob o domínio do agronegócio canavieiro. Recomendam-se políticas públicas de fomento à agricultura familiar com diversificação, escoamento e distribuição da produção agroecológica, além do fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde e de ações integradas de vigilância epidemiológica, sanitária, ambiental e do trabalhador. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar Pernambuco Tratase Trata canadeaçúcar. açúcar. participativo latinoamericana. latinoamericana latino americana. americana latino-americana seções i ii lavouras iii trabalhador Concluise Conclui socioambiental canavieiro Recomendamse Recomendam diversificação agroecológica epidemiológica sanitária

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze exposure to pesticides and harm to the health of workers on sugarcane plantations in Pernambuco. This participatory research was conducted in rural territories of five municipalities with a strong presence in sugarcane-planted areas. The primary data were produced in workshops with rural workers to construct a participatory rural diagnosis, analyzed through condensation of meanings, and interpreted in light of the theoretical framework of Latin American critical epidemiology. The results are presented in three sections: i) Flowchart of work on sugarcane plantations; ii) Exposure to pesticides used on crops; iii) Harm to worker’s health. We conclude that permanent exposure to pesticides involves working on sugarcane plantations and emerges from a historical and socio-environmental construct in which the ways of life of the territories under the control of sugarcane agribusiness are subsumed. Public policies are recommended to promote family farming with diversification, flow, distribution of agroecological production, and strengthening primary health care and integrated epidemiological, health, environmental, and worker surveillance actions. Pernambuco sugarcaneplanted planted areas diagnosis meanings epidemiology sections i ii crops iii s socioenvironmental socio environmental subsumed diversification flow production epidemiological actions

Abstract Introduction: The Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) is an annual national survey about patients on chronic dialysis that contributes to health policies. Objective: To report the 2022 epidemiological data from the BDS of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Methods: A survey was carried out in Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire that included clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients on chronic dialysis, dialysis therapy data, and dialysis center characteristics. Results: Overall, 28% (n = 243) of the centers answered the questionnaire. In July 2022, the estimated total number of patients on dialysis was 153,831. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 758 and 214, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 95.3% were on hemodialysis (HD, 4.6% of these on hemodiafiltration) and 4.7% on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Only 1.3% of patients were not vaccinated against COVID-19. The prevalence of anemia (Hb < 10g/dL) was 27% and hyperphosphatemia (P > 5.5mg/dL) reached 30%. The estimated overall crude annual mortality rate was 17.1%. Conclusions: The absolute number and prevalence rate of patients on chronic dialysis continue to increase. A growing number of patients were receiving hemodiafiltration. The mortality rate decreased, probably due to the end of COVID-19 pandemic. The conclusions were drawn in the context of relatively low voluntary participation, which imposed methodological limitations on our estimates. Introduction (BDS policies Objective 202 BSN. BSN . (BSN) Methods characteristics Results Overall 28 n 243 153831 153 831 153,831 pmp (pmp 75 214 respectively 953 95 3 95.3 HD, HD (HD 46 4 6 4.6 hemodiafiltration 47 7 4.7 PD. PD (PD) 13 1 1.3 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Hb 10g/dL 10gdL gdL 10g dL g 27 P 5.5mg/dL 55mgdL mgdL 5 5mg mg 30 30% 171 17 17.1% Conclusions increase decreased COVID-1 pandemic participation estimates 20 (BSN 2 24 15383 15 83 153,83 21 9 95. 4. (PD 1. COVID1 17.1 COVID- 1538 8 153,8 17. 153,

Resumo Introdução: O Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) é uma pesquisa nacional anual sobre pacientes em diálise crônica que contribui para as políticas de saúde. Objetivo: Informar os dados epidemiológicos de 2022 do CBD da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em centros brasileiros de diálise por meio de um questionário online que incluiu aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em diálise crônica, dados da terapia dialítica e características do centro de diálise. Resultados: No total, 28% (n = 243) dos centros de diálise ativos cadastrados na SBN responderam ao questionário. Em julho de 2022, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise era de 153.831. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão (ppm) de habitantes foram 758 e 214, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 95,3% estavam em hemodiálise (HD; 4,6% desses em hemodiafiltração) e 4,7% em diálise peritoneal (DP). Apenas 1,3% dos pacientes não foram vacinados contra a COVID-19. A prevalência de anemia (Hb < 10g/dL) foi de 27% e de hiperfosfatemia (P > 5,5mg/dL) alcançou 30%. A taxa bruta total anual de mortalidade estimada foi de 17,1%. Conclusões: O número absoluto e a taxa de prevalência de pacientes em diálise crônica continuam a aumentar. Um número crescente de pacientes estava em hemodiafiltração. A taxa de mortalidade diminuiu, provavelmente devido ao fim da pandemia da COVID-19. As conclusões foram de um contexto de participação voluntária relativamente baixa, o que impõe limitações metodológicas às nossas estimativas. Introdução (CBD saúde Objetivo 202 SBN. . (SBN) Métodos Resultados 28 n 243 153831 153 831 153.831 ppm (ppm 75 214 respectivamente prevalentes 953 95 3 95,3 HD (HD 46 4 6 4,6 hemodiafiltração 47 7 4,7 DP. DP (DP) 13 1 1,3 COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Hb 10g/dL 10gdL gdL 10g dL g 27 P 5,5mg/dL 55mgdL mgdL 5 5mg mg 30 30% 171 17 17,1% Conclusões aumentar diminuiu baixa estimativas 20 (SBN 2 24 15383 15 83 153.83 21 9 95, 4, (DP 1, COVID1 COVID-1 17,1 1538 8 153.8 COVID- 17, 153.

Abstract Objective: To determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic feasibility of home respiratory polygraphy and treatment of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at cardiovascular risk. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in patients seen in a cardiology outpatient service with suspected OSA, from January 2015 to December 2019. The information was obtained from medical records, and a descriptive statistical analysis was applied to this information. Results: 138 files were reviewed; only 8% of the home respiratory polygraphs were discarded, because they did not meet the required quality standards. It was demonstrated that 89% suffered from OSA, 60% moderate to severe; in men after 50 years of age. The main cardiovascular risk factors was hypertension (89%). The most prevalent heart disease was hypertension (52%). Cardiovascular pharmacological treatment was improved in 82% of the cases. Cardiac rehabilitation in 30%, noninvasive mechanical ventilation 41%, fixed modality 33%, and self-adjustable 9%, all with telemetry. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of OSA is higher in the presence of risk or established cardiovascular disease. In the presence of clinical suspicion, it is feasible to confirm the diagnosis with home respiratory poligrafy due to the level of precision and the lower infrastructure required. Greater involvement of the cardiologist in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is necessary due to the significant risk of cardiovascular disease it represents.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas, viabilidad diagnóstica de la poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria y el tratamiento de pacientes con sospecha de apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) en riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de consulta externa de cardiología con sospecha de AOS, de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019. La información se obtuvo de los expedientes médicos, se aplicó análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: Se examinaron 138 expedientes, de las poligrafías respiratorias domiciliarias fueron descartadas solo el 8% por no cumplir con los estándares de calidad requeridos. Se demostró que el 89% padecían AOS, un 60% moderada a severa; predominó en hombres después de los 50 años. El principal ractores de riesgo cardiovascular fue hipertensión (89%). La cardiopatía más prevalente fue la hipertensiva (52%). Se optimizó tratamiento farmacológico cardiovascular en el 82% de los casos. Rehabilitación cardiaca en el 30%, ventilación mecánica no invasiva 41%, modalidad fija 33% y autoajustable 9%, todos con telemetría. Conclusiones: La prevalencia y severidad de la AOS es mayor en presencia de riesgo o enfermedad cardiovascular establecida. Ante la sospecha clínica es factible confirmar el diagnóstico con poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria por el nivel de precisión y la menor infraestructura requerida. Es necesaria una mayor participación del cardiólogo en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de este trastorno por el riesgo significativo de enfermedad cardiovascular que representa.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze exposure to pesticides and harm to the health of workers on sugarcane plantations in Pernambuco. This participatory research was conducted in rural territories of five municipalities with a strong presence in sugarcane-planted areas. The primary data were produced in workshops with rural workers to construct a participatory rural diagnosis, analyzed through condensation of meanings, and interpreted in light of the theoretical framework of Latin American critical epidemiology. The results are presented in three sections: i) Flowchart of work on sugarcane plantations; ii) Exposure to pesticides used on crops; iii) Harm to worker’s health. We conclude that permanent exposure to pesticides involves working on sugarcane plantations and emerges from a historical and socio-environmental construct in which the ways of life of the territories under the control of sugarcane agribusiness are subsumed. Public policies are recommended to promote family farming with diversification, flow, distribution of agroecological production, and strengthening primary health care and integrated epidemiological, health, environmental, and worker surveillance actions.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a exposição aos agrotóxicos e os danos à saúde dos trabalhadores das plantações de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco. Trata-se de pesquisa participante desenvolvida em territórios rurais de cinco municípios com forte expressão em área plantada de cana-de-açúcar. Os dados primários foram produzidos em oficinas com trabalhadores rurais para construção de diagnóstico rural participativo, analisados mediante condensação de significados e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico da epidemiologia crítico latino-americana. Os resultados estão apresentados em três seções: i) Fluxograma do trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar; ii) Exposição aos agrotóxicos utilizados nas lavouras; iii) Danos à saúde do trabalhador. Conclui-se que a exposição permanente aos agrotóxicos envolve o trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar e emerge de um construto histórico e socioambiental, em que se encontram subsumidos os modos de vida dos territórios sob o domínio do agronegócio canavieiro. Recomendam-se políticas públicas de fomento à agricultura familiar com diversificação, escoamento e distribuição da produção agroecológica, além do fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde e de ações integradas de vigilância epidemiológica, sanitária, ambiental e do trabalhador.

Abstract Laryngeal cancer is the second most common neoplasm of the upper aero-digestive tract. The aim of this study is to epidemiologically characterize the patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed and treated at our institution, as well as to carry out an analysis of their survival. A retrospective study was conducted which included 150 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 62.8 ± 9.5 years, 145 of whom were male, 92.5% had smoking habits and 83.7% had alcohol habits. Patients with early stages at diagnosis (0, I and II) had a disease-related survival rate of 92% at 5 years compared to patients with advanced stages (III or IV), who had a survival rate of 58%. As expected, patient survival varied significantly between all the different prognostic groups defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (p<0.001). Our study shows that patients with laryngeal carcinoma diagnosed and treated at our center have an epidemiology and survival rate comparable to those reported in the literature.

Resumo O cancro da laringe é a segunda neoplasia mais comum do trato aero-digestivo superior. O objectivo deste trabalho é caracterizar epidemiologicamente os doentes com carcinoma da laringe tratados na nossa instituição e realizar uma análise da sua sobrevida. O estudo incluiu 150 doentes com uma idade média ao diagnóstico de 62,8±9,5 anos, dos quais 145 eram do sexo masculino, 92,5% apresentavam hábitos tabágicos e 83,7% apresentavam hábitos alcoólicos. Os doentes com estádios iniciais ao diagnóstico (0, I e II) obtiveram uma sobrevida relacionada com a doença de 92% aos 5 anos comparativamente aos doentes com estádios avançados (III ou IV), que obtiveram uma sobrevida de 58%. Como expectável, a sobrevida dos doentes variou significativamente entre os diferentes grupos prognósticos definidos pela American Joint Committee on Cancer (p<0,001). O nosso estudo mostra que os doentes com carcinoma da laringe tratados na nossa instituição apresentam epidemiologia e sobrevida comparáveis àquelas referidas na literatura.

Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of orthopedic injuries in beach tennis players. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, through a questionnaire, with 185 beach tennis players during tournaments and training sessions in two cities. The questionnaire comprised anthropometric data, as well as data on length of time practicing the sport and reported orthopedic injuries. Results We excluded 25 of the 185 interviewees. Of the 160 players studied, 51.9% were male and 48.1%, female. The average age was of 40.4 years, the average height was of 1.73 m, the average weight was of 75.6 kg, and the average body mass index (BMI) was of 25.2 kg/m2. Orthopedic injuries were reported by 48.8% of the participants, 30.0% in the lower limbs, 11.3% in the spine, and 25.0% in the upper limbs, with an incidence of 0.82 per one thousand hours of practice. Correlating the incidence of injuries with age, weight, height, and BMI, we only found relevance between the higher average age in patients with lower- and upper-limb injuries. Players who had no previous experience with other racket sports had fewer injuries. Other parameters, such as gender, use of the two-handed backhand, dominant side, participation in competitions, and practice of other sports did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusion Orthopedic injuries were found in almost half of the beach tennis players, primarily in the lower limbs. Age, experience with other racket sports, category, hours of training per week, and length of time playing the sport influenced the incidence of orthopedic injuries. crosssectional cross sectional study 18 cities 2 interviewees 16 studied 519 51 9 51.9 481 48 1 48.1% female 404 40 4 40. years 173 73 1.7 m 756 75 6 75. kg BMI (BMI 252 25. kgm2 kgm m2 kg/m2 488 8 48.8 participants 300 30 0 30.0 limbs 113 11 3 11.3 spine 250 25.0 082 82 0.8 upperlimb limb parameters gender twohanded handed backhand side competitions differences Age category week 5 51. 48.1 17 7 1. kg/m 48. 30. 11. 08 0.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os dados epidemiolügicos das lesões ortopédicas nos praticantes de beach tennis. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, por meio de questionário, em 185 praticantes de beach tennis, durante torneios e treinos, em duas cidades. O questionário consistiu na coleta de dados antropométricos, além de dados relativos ao tempo de prática do esporte e às lesões ortopédicas referidas. Resultados Excluímos 25 dos 185 entrevistados. Dos 160 praticantes estudados, 51,9% eram do sexo masculino, e 48,1%, do feminino. A média de idade foi de 40,4 anos, a média da estatura foi de 1,73 m, a média do peso, de 75,6 kg, e a média do índice de massa corporal (IMC), de 25,2 kg/m2. A presença de lesões ortopédicas foi relatada por 48,8% dos praticantes, sendo 30,0% nos membros inferiores (MMII), 11,3% na coluna, e 25,0% nos membros superiores (MMSS), com incidência de 0,82 a cada mil horas de prática. Correlacionando a incidência de lesões com idade, peso, altura e IMC, encontramos relevância apenas entre a média de idade maior nos pacientes com lesão nos MMII e MMSS. Os jogadores que não tinham experiência prévia com outros esportes com raquete tiveram menos lesões. Demais parâmetros, como sexo, uso do backhand com duas mãos, lado dominante, participação em competições e prática de outros esportes não obtiveram diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão Lesões ortopédicas foram encontradas em quase a metade dos praticantes de beach tennis, preferencialmente nos MMII. Idade, experiência com outros esportes de raquete, categoria, horas de treino por semana e tempo de prática do esporte influenciaram na incidência de lesões ortopédicas. tennis transversal 18 treinos cidades antropométricos referidas 2 entrevistados 16 estudados 519 51 9 51,9 masculino 481 48 1 48,1% feminino 404 40 4 40, anos 173 73 1,7 m peso 756 75 6 75, kg IMC , (IMC) 252 25, kgm2 kgm m2 kg/m2 488 8 48,8 300 30 0 30,0 MMII, (MMII) 113 11 3 11,3 coluna 250 25,0 MMSS, MMSS (MMSS) 082 82 0,8 parâmetros mãos dominante significantes Idade categoria 5 51, 48,1 17 7 1, (IMC kg/m 48, 30, (MMII 11, (MMSS 08 0,