Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

Abstract Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHI) are formed through processes that include decreasing vegetation and increasing materials that are more conductive to heat. To investigate this phenomenon, the objective of this work is to comparatively verify the surface temperature and geospatial indicators to analyze environmental variation in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study method is remote sensing, with data from the Landsat 8 satellite over a ten-year timeframe. The variables include land cover, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and land surface temperature (LST), thereby obtaining the Urban Thermal Field Variation Index (UTFVI) and estimating SUHI formation. The results allowed for the presentation of a progression of variables, highlighting the recurrent formation of SUHI in the central and eastern regions of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Conversely, the southern and extreme northern districts exhibited the best NDVI indices and low LST values. (SUHI heat phenomenon Paulo Brazil sensing tenyear ten year timeframe cover NDVI, , (NDVI) Builtup Built up NDBI, NDBI (NDBI) LST, (LST) UTFVI (UTFVI Conversely values (NDVI (NDBI (LST

Resumo A partir dos processos de diminuição da vegetação e aumento de materiais mais condutivos ao calor há a formação de ilhas de calor de superfície (SUHI, do inglês Surface Urban Heat Island). Com o intuito de investigar o fenômeno, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar comparativamente a temperatura de superfície (LST, do inglês Land Surface Temperature) e indicadores geoespaciais para análise da variação ambiental na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O método do estudo é sensoriamento remoto, com dados provenientes do satélite Landsat 8 em um recorte temporal de dez anos. As variáveis são a cobertura do solo, o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NVDI, do inglês Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), o Índice de Diferença Normalizada de Áreas Construídas (NDBI, do inglês Normalized Difference Built-up Index) e o LST, obtendo em decorrência o Índice de Variação do Campo Térmico Urbano (UTFVI, do inglês Urban Thermal Field Variation Index) e estimando a formação de SUHI. A partir dos resultados apresentou-se uma progressão das variáveis, destacando a formação recorrente de SUHI na região central e zona leste de São Paulo, Brasil. Em contrapartida, os distritos ao sul e extremo norte apresentaram os melhores índices de NDVI e baixos valores de LST. SUHI, (SUHI Island. Island . Island) fenômeno LST (LST Temperature Paulo Brasil remoto anos solo NVDI, NVDI (NVDI Index, Index , NDBI, NDBI (NDBI Builtup Built up UTFVI, UTFVI (UTFVI apresentouse apresentou se contrapartida

Abstract Introduction. The coffee agroecosystems holds significant environmental, social, and economic importance in the subtropical regions of Mexico, but it is vulnerable to unexpected events such as climate change. In recent history, it has been documented that the coffee agroecosystem undergoes a constant process of self-organization based on adaptation and learning in the face of various adverse scenarios. Objective. To determine the resilience capacity of the coffee agroecosystem in the central region of the Veracruz state. Materials and methods. The research was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018 in Tezonapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Fifty-two interviews were conducted with coffee growers to measure the resilience index, which is composed of thirty variables corresponding to seven factors (social, economic, technological, infrastructure, communications, institutional, and environmental). These factors were normalized using the mim-max scaling method. Resilience was estimated on a scale of 0-1, where values close to zero represent low resilience capacity and values close to one, represent high resilience. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Chi-squared tests. Results. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) were found for the economic (0,06) and technological (0,22) dimensions indicators, which had the lowest contribution to resilience. Conversely, the social (0,78) and environmental (0,74) dimensions had a the highest contribution to resilience capacity, determined by the altitudinal gradient. Conclusion. The indicators that contributed the most to the resilience capacity of the coffee agroecosystem were those in the social and environmental dimensions, while the economic and technological dimensions contributed the least.

Resumen Introducción. El agroecosistema de café presenta gran importancia ambiental, social y económica en regiones subtropicales de México, pero también es vulnerable a eventos inesperados como el cambio climático. En la historia reciente, se ha documentado que el agroecosistema de café presenta un proceso constante de autoorganización basada en la adaptación y el aprendizaje ante los diversos escenarios adversos. Objetivo. Determinar la capacidad de resiliencia del agroecosistema cafetalero en la región centro del estado de Veracruz. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó de diciembre de 2017 a noviembre de 2018 en Tezonapa, Veracruz, México. Se realizaron 52 entrevistas a caficultores para medir el índice de resiliencia, integrado por treinta variables, correspondientes a siete factores (social, económico, tecnológico, infraestructura, comunicaciones, institucional y ambiental). Estos factores fueron normalizados por el método de escalamiento mínimo-máximo. La resiliencia se estimó en una escala de 0-1, donde valores cercanos a cero representan baja capacidad de resiliencia y cercanos a uno, alta resiliencia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y chi-cuadrado. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,5) para los indicadores de las dimensiones económica (0,06) y tecnológica (0,22), con la menor contribución a la resiliencia. Por el contrario, las dimensiones sociales (0,78) y ambiental (0,74) tuvieron mayor contribución a la capacidad de resiliencia, determinado por el gradiente altitudinal. Conclusiones. Los indicadores con el mayor aporte a la capacidad de resiliencia del agroecosistema de café fueron los de dimensiones social y ambiental, y con bajo aporte las dimensiones económica y tecnológica.

Abstract Introduction: Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) play important roles in the ecological processes of the soil in tropical ecosystems and are employed as indicators of environmental impact. Despite their importance, studies on the ecology of this suborder in the Neotropics are scarce. Objective: To assess spatial changes in alpha and beta diversity of Oniscidea in the supralittoral zone across Archipiélagos Coralinos (ARCO), Magdalena (MAG), and Morrosquillo (MOR) ecoregions in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: We conducted Direct Intuitive Searches of specimens and measured soil temperature and moisture in 19 transects with logs, leaf litter, coral remains, and decomposing plant material. Results: A total of 1 970 individuals representing 17 species were collected, with Tylidae, Halophilosciidae, and Ligiidae being the most abundant families. Alpha diversity orders were higher in ARCO than MAG and MOR ecoregions. MAG and MOR differed in observed richness. The structure of the assemblage varied in dominant species and abundances. In ARCO, the indicator species were Tylos niveus, Littorophiloscia denticulata, Halophiloscia trichoniscoides, and Ligia baudiniana; in MOR, it was Tylos marcuzzii, and in MAG, it was Littorophiloscia tropicalis. High beta diversity (> 60 %), with significant differences in the assemblage structure among ecoregions, was confirmed by the NMDS, which distinctly separated each group. CCA analysis revealed a negative relationship between most species with soil temperature and moisture, with a positive relationship observed with T. marcuzzii. Conclusions: This is the first effort to describe spatial changes in the diversity of oniscideans in the supralittoral zone of the Neotropical region, providing a baseline for future studies. This information could be instrumental in identifying priority areas for conservation efforts.

Resumen Introducción: Los isópodos terrestres (Oniscidea) juegan un papel importante en los procesos ecológicos del suelo en ecosistemas tropicales y han sido empleados como indicadores de impacto ambiental. A pesar de su importancia, los estudios sobre la ecología de este suborden en el Neotrópico son escasos. Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios espaciales en la diversidad alfa y beta de Oniscidea en la zona supralitoral en las ecorregiones Archipiélagos Coralinos (ARCO), Magdalena (MAG) y Morrosquillo (MOR) en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: Realizamos Búsquedas Intuitivas Directas de especímenes y medimos la temperatura y la humedad del suelo en 19 transectos con troncos, hojarasca, restos de coral y material vegetal en descomposición. Resultados: Recolectamos un total de 1 970 individuos representando 17 especies, siendo Tylidae, Halophilosciidae y Ligiidae las familias más abundantes. Los órdenes de diversidad alfa fueron mayores en ARCO, en comparación con las ecorregiones MAG y MOR. MAG y MOR difirieron en la riqueza observada. La estructura del ensamblaje varió en especies dominantes y sus abundancias. En ARCO las especies indicadoras fueron Tylos niveus, Littorophiloscia denticulata, Halophiloscia trichoniscoides y Ligia baudiniana; en MOR fue Tylos marcuzzii y en MAG fue Littorophiloscia tropicalis. El NMDS confirmó una alta diversidad beta (> 60%), con diferencias en la estructura del ensamblaje entre ecorregiones, que separó claramente cada grupo. El ACC reveló una relación negativa entre la mayoría de las especies con la temperatura y humedad del suelo, observándose una relación positiva con T. marcuzzii. Conclusiones: Este es el primer esfuerzo por describir los cambios espaciales en la diversidad de oniscídeos en la zona supralitoral de la región Neotropical, proporcionando una línea base para futuros estudios. Esta información podría ser fundamental para identificar áreas prioritarias para los esfuerzos de conservación.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a composite indicator to identify levels of water security at the household-community interface. It analyses the hydro-social processes that give rise to water scarcity situations experienced by the rural population supplied by community organizations in rural Chile. The indicator is based on a case study of ten community organizations selected to represent the heterogeneity existing in the country, where semi-structured interviews with their leaders and field observations were applied. Two main findings emerge from the study: 1) there is no correlation between the size of organizations and the levels of observed water security; 2) cases with greater difficulty accessing sufficient resources are not the ones facing greater water insecurity, as organizations compensate for this difficulty with other components.

RESUMEN El presente artículo propone un indicador compuesto que permite identificar niveles de seguridad hídrica en la interfaz doméstica-comunitaria. Para ello analiza los procesos hidrosociales que dan origen a situaciones de escasez hídrica vividas por la población rural abastecida mediante organizaciones comunitarias en Chile rural. El indicador se basa en el estudio de caso de diez organizaciones comunitarias seleccionadas para representar la heterogeneidad existente en el país, a cuyos dirigentes se les aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas en las cuales se realizaron, además, observaciones de campo. Del estudio se desprenden dos principales hallazgos: 1) No existe una correlación entre el tamaño de las organizaciones y los niveles de seguridad hídrica observados; 2) Los casos con mayores dificultades para acceder a recursos en cantidad suficiente no son los que enfrentan una inseguridad hídrica mayor, puesto que las organizaciones compensan esta dificultad con otros componentes.

RESUMO A pandemia de covid-19 revelou múltiplas dimensões da crise civilizatória e ecológica, destacando a falência do modelo de desenvolvimento capitalista hegemônico e a injusta concentração de riqueza global, gerando profundas desigualdades sociais. No nível local, a campanha ‘Cuidar é Resistir’ demonstrou que populações tradicionais podem oferecer respostas promissoras para o futuro. Por meio da coordenação de diversas ações, como arrecadação e distribuição de alimentos, compra de produtos locais e comunicação efetiva, essa campanha promoveu segurança sanitária, econômica e alimentar, além de reduzir desigualdades e pressões socioambientais. A participação das organizações da sociedade civil, das instituições públicas e do Sistema Único de Saúde foi fundamental nesse processo. A experiência da campanha sugere que o futuro diante da pandemia e da crise climática pode ser encontrado nos modos de vida das comunidades tradicionais, que podem inspirar novas formas de habitar o planeta, promovendo uma relação sustentável e solidária entre seres humanos e natureza. Ao aprender com o modo de vida tradicional e combinar suas práticas com as dimensões positivas do pensamento científico e tecnopolítico, baseado em abordagens solidárias e conhecimento colaborativo, é possível utilizar estratégias de governança viva para promover o Bem Viver. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 ecológica global sociais local Cuidar Resistir ações alimentos efetiva sanitária alimentar socioambientais civil processo planeta natureza tecnopolítico colaborativo Viver covid1 1 covid-

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed multiple dimensions of the civilizational and ecological crisis, highlighting the failure of the dominant capitalist development model and the unjust global concentration of wealth, resulting in profound social inequalities. At the local level, the ‘Cuidar é Resistir’ campaign has demonstrated that traditional populations can offer promising responses for the future. Through the coordination of various actions, such as food collection and distribution, support for local products, and effective communication, this campaign has promoted sanitary, economic, and food security, while reducing social and environmental pressures. The participation of civil society organizations, public institutions, and the Unified Health System has been crucial in this process. The campaign’s experience suggests that the future in the face of the pandemic and the climate crisis can be found in the ways of life of traditional communities, which can inspire new ways of inhabiting the planet, promoting a sustainable and compassionate relationship between humans and nature. By learning from traditional ways of life and combining their practices with the positive dimensions of scientific and technopolitical thinking, based on solidarity and collaborative knowledge, it is possible to employ strategies of living governance to promote the ‘Buen Vivir’ (Good Living) paradigm. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 wealth inequalities level Cuidar Resistir actions distribution products communication sanitary economic security pressures organizations institutions process campaigns s communities planet nature thinking knowledge Buen Vivir Good Living paradigm COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumen. La expansión de la minería a cielo abierto en América Latina ha generado procesos de despoblamiento rural, evidenciados demográficamente en los censos de población y vivienda; pese a ello, existen pocas investigaciones al respecto. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios sociodemográficos en comunidades afectadas por los desplazamientos forzados derivados de dicha actividad. Se utilizaron métodos cualitativos para la recolección de información en terreno, y métodos cuantitativos para la comparación de indicadores censales entre 1990 y 2020. Asimismo, se estudió el caso de Salaverna, localidad ubicada en Zacatecas, México, que atraviesa una experiencia de desplazamiento forzado. Los resultados exponen que las empresas promueven desplazamientos de pueblos enteros con la premisa de extraer minerales con un enfoque sustentable y mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población. No obstante, tales desplazamientos suelen efectuarse de forma involuntaria para los pobladores, quienes, en contextos de poder desigual sobre sus capacidades, intereses y necesidades, cambian su modo de vida y gestan sentimientos de solastalgia derivados de la angustia provocada por la devastación socioambiental y por la destrucción paulatina de sus pueblos, que, para ellos, puede representar el centro de su mundo.

Abstract. The expansion of open pit mining in Latin America has generated processes of rural depopulation, evidenced demographically in population and housing censuses. However, there is little research on this. The objective was to analyze the socio demographic changes in communities affected by forced displacement linked to open pit mining. Qualitative methods were used to collect information in the field, and quantitative methods to compare census indicators between 1990 and 2020. Salaverna, a town located in Zacatecas, Mexico, which is going through an experience of forced displacement, is studied. The results show that companies promote the displacement of entire towns with the premise of improving the living conditions of the population to extract minerals with a sustainable approach. However, those are usually carried out involuntarily in contexts of unequal power over capacities, interests and needs of the population. The forced displacement changes the people’s way of life and generates feelings of solastalgia due to the anguish of socio-environmental devastation and the gradual destruction of towns that, for local inhabitants, can represent the center of their world.

Abstract Surveillance indicators of the quality of water for human consumption in the Amazon were analysed from 2016 to 2020 using 185,528 samples from 11 microregions. Of the samples analysed, 93.20% were from urban areas, 66.65% were from the public water supply system (WSS), 31.02% were from the Collective Alternative Solution-CAS, and 2.33% from the Individual Alternative Solution-IAS. There was an increase in the number of records by the WSS, with a downwards trend and fluctuations in records for the CAS and the IAS. The quality indicators of chemical and physical parameters for urban areas were higher than those for rural areas and traditional communities. Most of the samples presented pH values below the recommended level. In the quantification of microbiological parameters, a higher presence of total coliforms and E. coli was identified in samples from rural areas and in traditional communities. In conclusion, there were inadequacies in the chemical, physical and microbiological parameters as well as problems related to the supply, storage and surveillance of water distributed for human consumption. These findings indicate the need to build an agenda for public management to address water insecurity and its likely effects on food insecurity in the region. 201 202 185528 185 528 185,52 1 microregions 9320 93 20 93.20 6665 66 65 66.65 WSS , (WSS) 3102 31 02 31.02 SolutionCAS, SolutionCAS Solution CAS, Solution-CAS 233 2 33 2.33 SolutionIAS. SolutionIAS IAS Solution-IAS communities level E conclusion region 18552 18 52 185,5 932 9 93.2 666 6 66.6 (WSS 310 3 0 31.0 23 2.3 1855 5 185, 93. 66. 31. 2.

Resumo Analisaram-se indicadores de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano no Amazonas, de 2016 a 2020, utilizando 185.528 amostras provenientes de 11 microrregiões. Das amostras analisadas, 93,20% são da área urbana, 66,65% provinham do sistema público (SAA), 31,02% da Solução Alternativa Coletiva (SAC) e 2,33% da Solução de Alternativa Individual (SAI). Observou-se aumento do número de registros pelo SAA, com tendência de queda e oscilações de registros para a SAC e a SAI. Os indicadores de qualidade dos parâmetros químicos e físicos da área urbana foram superiores aos das áreas rurais e de comunidades tradicionais. A maior parte das amostras apresentou valores de pH abaixo do recomendado. Na quantificação dos parâmetros microbiológicos, identificou-se maior presença de coliformes totais e E.coli na área rural e em comunidades tradicionais. Em conclusão, verificaram-se inadequações nos parâmetros químicos, físicos e microbiológicos, assim como problemas relativos ao abastecimento, armazenamento e à vigilância da água distribuída para consumo humano. Tais achados indicam a necessidade de construir uma agenda, pela gestão pública, para o enfrentamento da insegurança hídrica e seus prováveis efeitos sobre a insegurança alimentar existente na região. Analisaramse Analisaram se Amazonas 201 2020 185528 185 528 185.52 1 microrregiões analisadas 9320 93 20 93,20 6665 66 65 66,65 SAA , (SAA) 3102 31 02 31,02 (SAC 233 2 33 2,33 SAI . (SAI) Observouse Observou tradicionais recomendado microbiológicos identificouse identificou Ecoli E coli conclusão verificaramse verificaram abastecimento agenda pública região 202 18552 18 52 185.5 932 9 93,2 666 6 66,6 (SAA 310 3 0 31,0 23 2,3 (SAI 1855 5 185. 93, 66, 31, 2,

ABSTRACT: A system of allometric equations was generated and evaluated to estimate the total biomass and its components during the reforestation of Pinus patula in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca State, Mexico. For this purpose, 18 trees were directly sampled, which represented the growth potential of the site. Using this destructive method, the fresh weight in situ, and samples of each component of the tree were obtained to estimate the dry weight. The total tree biomass was related to its normal diameter by adjusting allometric equations using regression techniques. The exponential equation was selected to estimate the total biomass because it presented the best statistical indicators. The exponential model was again fitted to each component by using a system of simultaneous equations. The allometric equations obtained showed good performance in estimating aerial biomass in components and total tree biomass in the reforestation of Pinus patula, with similar diameters and environmental conditions. The distribution of aerial biomass estimated in the field was 69.8 % for stems, 20.5 % for branches, and 9.7 % for foliage.

RESUMEN: Se generó y evaluó un sistema de ecuaciones alométricas para estimar biomasa total y por componentes en reforestaciones de Pinus patula, en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México. Se realizó un muestreo dirigido de 18 árboles que representaron el potencial de crecimiento del sitio y mediante el método destructivo se obtuvo el peso fresco in situ, así como muestras de cada componente del árbol para estimar el peso seco. Se relacionó la biomasa total del árbol con su diámetro normal a partir del ajuste de ecuaciones alométricas a través de técnicas de regresión. La ecuación exponencial fue seleccionada para estimar la biomasa total por presentar los mejores indicadores estadísticos. El modelo exponencial fue ajustado nuevamente a cada componente mediante un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas. Las ecuaciones alométricas obtenidas mostraron un buen rendimiento para estimar la biomasa aérea en componentes y árbol total en reforestaciones de Pinus patula, en diámetros y condiciones ambientales semejantes. La distribución de la biomasa aérea estimada en campo fue en promedio de 69,8 % para fuste, de 20,5 % para ramas y de 9,7 % para follaje.

Abstract This article aims to configure a matrix to determine the selection of Low Impact Development (LID) techniques that enable the analysis of sustainable LID measures for sustainable urban drainage and environmental quality in cities. Aiming to achieve the objective, this article involved three steps: (1) the method of systematic literature review was used to identify the key attributes according to the sustainability measures found in the conceptual framework; (2) analysis of key attributes and performance of LID techniques, with a view to identifying possible techniques that present aspects that promote them to the category of sustainable applications to mitigate the impacts of impervious surfaces and urban flooding. And, finally, in the third stage (3) the research sought to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of LID techniques through their use in urbanized and consolidated areas in cities. Therefore, this research aims to support sustainable city applications by evaluating LIDs techniques effectiveness in urban planning, offering insights on its role in managing urban drainage.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo configurar uma matriz para determinar a seleção de técnicas de Desenvolvimento de Baixo Impacto (LID) que possibilitem a análise de medidas LID para drenagem urbana sustentável e a qualidade ambiental nas cidades. Visando atingir o objetivo, este artigo envolveu três etapas: (1) utilizou-se o método de revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar os atributos-chave de acordo com as medidas de sustentabilidade encontradas no quadro concetual; (2) analisaram-se os principais atributos e desempenho das técnicas LID, com o objetivo de identificar possíveis técnicas que apresentem aspectos que as promovam à categoria de aplicações sustentáveis para mitigar os impactos de superfícies impermeáveis e alagamentos urbanos. E por fim, na terceira etapa (3) a pesquisa procurou avaliar as características qualitativas das técnicas LID através da sua utilização em áreas urbanizadas e consolidadas nas cidades. Assim, esta pesquisa busca auxiliar aplicações em cidades sustentáveis, avaliando a eficácia das técnicas LIDs no planeamento urbano, oferecendo insights sobre seu papel na gestão da drenagem urbana.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo configurar una matriz para determinar la selección de técnicas de Desarrollo de Bajo Impacto (LID) que permitan el análisis de medidas LID sostenibles para el drenaje urbano sostenible y la calidad ambiental en las ciudades. Para lograr el objetivo, este artículo involucró tres pasos: (1) se utilizó el método de revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar los atributos clave según las medidas de sostenibilidad encontradas en el marco conceptual; (2) se analizaron los principales atributos y desempeño de las técnicas LID, con el objetivo de identificar posibles técnicas que presenten aspectos que las promuevan a la categoría de aplicaciones sustentables para para mitigar los impactos de las superficies impermeables y las inundaciones urbanas. Y finalmente, en la tercera etapa (3) la investigación buscó evaluar las características cualitativas de las técnicas LID a través de su uso en áreas urbanizadas y consolidadas de las ciudades. Por lo tanto, esta investigación busca ayudar a las aplicaciones en ciudades sostenibles, evaluando la efectividad de las técnicas de LID en la planificación urbana, ofreciendo información sobre su papel en la gestión del drenaje urbano.

Abstract: The unplanned and fragmented urban development of cities has caused them to be responsible for most of the planet's unsustainable development. Urban sustainability emerges as a response to this imbalance. Throughout its history, Guayaquil has shown unplanned urban growth that has continuously degraded its natural resources, such as forests and estuaries. The present research aims to evaluate the level of sustainability resulting from such change at the neighborhood level in Guayaquil. The study analyzes urban indicators of six representative neighbourhoods of the city regarding socioeconomic and historical factors. Thus, indicators were analyzed with respect to form, diversity, mobility, and environmental quality. The methodology includes an analysis for selecting variables, a study of the neighbourhoods' morphology using geo-portal map and information gathering through field studies and data processing. The results allow inferring the variables' influence on the sustainability level of each analyzed neighbourhood and how density, diversity and environmental quality play a vital role in developing greater sustainability at the neighbourhood and city levels.

Resumen: El desarrollo urbano no planificado y fragmentado de las ciudades ha ocasionado que estas sean responsables de la mayor parte del desarrollo no sustentable del planeta. La sostenibilidad urbana surge como medida de respuesta ante esta descompensación. La ciudad de Guayaquil presenta a lo largo de su historia un crecimiento urbano no planificado que continuamente ha degradado sus recursos naturales, como bosques y esteros. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de sostenibilidad resultante de tal crecimiento a nivel barrial en Guayaquil. El estudio analiza indicadores urbanos de seis barrios representativos de la ciudad en cuanto a factores socioeconómicos e históricos. Se analizaron indicadores con respecto a la forma, diversidad, movilidad y calidad ambiental. La metodología utilizada recoge un análisis para la selección de variables, estudio de la morfología de los barrios realizada por medio de mapas de geo portales, relevamiento de información a través de estudio de campo y procesamiento de datos. Los resultados permiten inferir la influencia de las variables en el nivel de sostenibilidad de cada uno de los barrios analizados y como la densidad, la diversidad y calidad ambiental desempeñan un papel primordial en el desarrollo de una mayor sostenibilidad a nivel barrial y de ciudad.

Abstract Sustainable Corporate Finance is an important mechanism to address the climate crisis and its adverse effects on society and the environment. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria have been proposed and implemented as a normative evaluation framework for companies in multiple sectors. However, ESG studies are not yet fully conclusive, but they serve to incorporate more than economic criteria to investment decisions in companies, and in this way, to focus on responsible investments. Among a variety of criteria, corporate responsibility and diversity in top management positions have gained significance today. Given this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the effect of including women in top leadership positions within high-cap companies and their impact on ESG indicators, with a particular focus on organizations in the industrial sector. A longitudinal study was conducted using balanced panel data of the companies that make up the Standard and Poor's 500, linear regression with random effects was estimated, as well as impact analysis using the Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID). The results show a slight increase in the participation of women in top management (CEO), particularly in the last years (2020-2022). In addition, there is a statistically positive incidence between the participation of a female CEO in a better performance of the ESG indicators of the companies, with an impact of 0.2401 points, being the environmental criterion the most impacted with 0.6522 points.

Resumen Las finanzas corporativas sustentables son un mecanismo importante para hacer frente a la crisis climática y sus efectos adversos a la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Particularmente, se han propuesto e implementado los indicadores Ambiental, Social y Gobierno (ESG, por sus siglas en inglés) como un marco normativo de evaluación para las empresas de múltiples sectores. Los estudios realizados en materia de ESG aun no son concluyentes del todo, pero sirven para incorporar más que criterios económicos a las decisiones de inversión en las empresas y, de esta forma, orientarse en las inversiones responsables. Entre una variedad de criterios, la responsabilidad corporativa y la diversidad en posiciones de alta dirección ha cobrado relevancia en la actualidad. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la inclusión de mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo de alta dirección en las empresas de alta capitalización y su impacto en los indicadores ESG, realizando un especial énfasis en las organizaciones del sector industrial. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal a través de datos panel balanceados de las empresas que componen el índice Standard & Poor's 500, se estimó la regresión lineal con efectos aleatorios, así como del análisis de impacto mediante la Estimación Sintética de las Diferencias (SDID). Los resultados muestran un leve incremento en la participación de las mujeres en los altos mandos (CEO), particularmente en los últimos años (2020-2022). Además, existe una incidencia estadísticamente positiva entre la participación de una mujer CEO en un mejor desempeño de los indicadores ESG de las empresas, con un impacto de 0.2401 puntos, siendo el indicador ambiental el mayor impactado, con 0.6522 puntos.

Resumen Esta es una investigación base en la que se planteó el objetivo de estimar el Índice Aproximado de Sostenibilidad (IAS) en La Paz, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Para recopilar datos se aplicó un censo habitacional entre agosto de 2016 y marzo de 2017. El resultado del IAS fue 0,7856. los resultados reflejaron que en ocho indicadores poseen condición como muy aceptable, tres indicadores resultaron aceptable, dos indicadores en condición regular y uno de los indicadores se encuentra en condición totalmente inaceptable. El parámetro social obtuvo el índice parcial más bajo con 0,583, los parámetros ambiental y económico comparten un valor de 0,875, mientras el parámetro institucional alcanzó 0,75. La investigación marca un parámetro de partida para futuros estudios que permitan monitorear la sostenibilidad en la zona.

Abstract This is a base investigation in which the objective of estimating the Approximate Sustainability Index (IAS) in La Paz, San Ramón, Costa Rica was set. To collect data, a housing census was applied between August 2016 and March 2017. The IAS result was 0.7856. The results reflected that eight indicators have a very acceptable condition, three indicators were acceptable, two indicators in a regular condition and one of the indicators is in a totally unacceptable condition. The social parameter obtained the lowest partial index with 0.583, the environmental and economic parameters share a value of 0.875, while the institutional parameter reached 0.75. The research marks a starting parameter for future studies that allow monitoring sustainability in the area.

Abstract (Introduction): The sustainability of homes is a mayor challenge today. Activities that accelerate environmental degradation are developed on them, for example: poor disposal of urban solid waste, excessive consumption of electricity and water, and use of fossil fuels. (Objective): To determine the level of sustainability of urban homes in the municipality of Macuspana, Tabasco, Mexico. (Methodology): 370 urban house representatives of the total number of urban dwellings inhabited in the city were evaluated, with a confidence level of 95 %. A Sustainability Assessment Framework for Urban Homes (MESHU) created from the selection, measurement, and percentage rank of social, economic, and environmental indicators is proposed. 30 sustainability indicators divided into the following attributes were evaluated: self-management, adaptability, environmental culture, coexistence and productivity. (Results): The sustainability level of the homes was 45 %, this means that they are pretty sustainable. (Conclusions): The sustainability assessment of urban homes allowed an approximation of the reality of practices and use of natural resources in the daily life. It was also evident that homes have a culture toward sustainability.

Resumen (Introducción): La sostenibilidad de los hogares es un gran desafío en la actualidad. En ellos se desarrollan actividades que aceleran la degradación del ambiente como, por ejemplo, la mala disposición de residuos sólidos urbanos, consumo excesivo de energía eléctrica y agua, uso de combustibles fósiles. (Objetivo): Determinar el nivel de sostenibilidad de hogares urbanos del municipio de Macuspana, Tabasco, México. (Metodología): Se evaluaron 370 hogares urbanos representativos al total de viviendas urbanas habitadas en el municipio, con un nivel de confianza del 95 %. Se utilizo un marco de evaluación de la sostenibilidad para hogares urbanos (MESHU) creado a partir de la selección, medición y clasificación porcentual de indicadores sociales, económicos y ambientales. Se evaluaron 30 indicadores de sostenibilidad divididos en los siguientes atributos: autogestión, adaptabilidad, cultura ambiental, convivencia y productividad. (Resultados): El nivel de sostenibilidad de los hogares fue del 45 %, es decir, son medianamente sustentables. (Conclusiones): La evaluación de sostenibilidad en hogares urbanos permitió una aproximación a la realidad sobre las prácticas y uso de los recursos naturales en la vida cotidiana. Se evidenció también que existe una cultura en los hogares hacia la sostenibilidad.

Abstract This study conducts a literature review to identify and analyse the different methodological trends that exist in the scientific field related to the sustainability assessment of ecotourism worldwide during the period 2012-2022. The methodology of the study includes an active and systematic search for publications related to sustainability assessment methodologies with a net focus on the term "ecotourism". The literature review was conducted in four electronic databases: Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus and Taylor & Francis. The results were classified into quartiles and the most re-levant components of approach were identified in the methodological trends of sustainability assessment in the identified publications, which include the use of geographic information systems, indexes or indica-tors, assessments of sustainability perceptions of local communities, and quantitative or qualitative methods. The research concludes by showing the distribution of publications at a global level, the classification of evaluation methods and techniques, and the geographical and chronological distribution of the identified publications, which indicates that environmental, economic and social evaluations are the most relevant components in the methodological trends of sustainability evaluation in ecotourism.

Resumen Este estudio realiza una revisión bibliográfica mediante la cual se identifican y analizan las diferentes tendencias metodológicas existentes en el campo científico relacionadas con la evaluación de la sustentabilidad del ecoturismo a nivel mundial durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2012 y 2022. La metodología del estudio incluye una búsqueda activa y sistemática de publicaciones relacionadas con métodos de evaluación de sustentabilidad con un enfoque neto en el término "ecoturismo". La revisión bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en cuatro bases de datos electrónicas: Springer Link, Science Direct, Scopus y Taylor & Francis. Los resultados se clasificaron mediante cuartiles y se identificaron los componentes de enfoque más relevantes en las tendencias metodológicas de evaluación de sustentabilidad trabajadas en las publicaciones identificadas, las cuales incluyen el uso de sistemas de información geográfica, índices o indicadores, evaluaciones de percepción de sustentabilidad por parte de comunidades locales, y métodos cuantitativos o cualitativos. La investigación concluye indicando la distribución de publicaciones a nivel global, la clasificación de métodos y técnicas de evaluación, y la distribución geográfica y cronológica de las publicaciones identificadas, indicando que las evaluaciones ambientales, económicas y sociales son los componentes más relevantes en las tendencias metodológicas de evaluación de sustentabilidad ecoturística.