The increase in the average temperature of the Earth due to excess CO2 and other greenhouse gases has caused glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of this problem, so the use of biofuels is important for mitigating this environmental impact. In Brazil, biodiesel is mixed with mineral; however, irregularities have been detected, reducing the expected positive effects. Therefore, this study proposes the use of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR ALS) to quantify the content of methyl palm oil biodiesel in diesel blends and determine the concentration of the adulterant automotive lubricating oil in the blend. The model for quantifying biodiesel in diesel obtained R2 = 0.9997, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.56% (v v-1) and prediction (RMSEP) = 0.65% (v v-1), while the determination of adulteration in the biodiesel-diesel blend showed RMSEC = 0.67% (v v-1), RMSEP = 0.81% (v v-1) and R2 = 0.9992. These results demonstrate the ability of the models developed to predict both the content and quantity of possible adulterants in blends of palm oil biodiesel and mineral diesel, contributing to the quality control of this fuel. CO rise problem impact Brazil however detected effects Therefore MCR ALS R 09997 0 9997 0.9997 (RMSEC 056 56 0.56 v v1 1 v-1 (RMSEP 065 65 0.65 v1, , biodieseldiesel 067 67 0.67 081 81 0.81 09992 9992 0.9992 fuel 0999 999 0.999 05 5 0.5 v- 06 6 0.6 08 8 0.8 099 99 0.99 0. 09 9 0.9

Abstract Given the environmental impacts associated with the production of conventional Portland cement, the study of special cements with reduced environmental impact has been a trend. In this context, cements containing ye'elimite (YCC) stand out due to their low CO 2 emissions. Despite the environmental advantages, the high demand for aluminum economically limits the production of these cements.An alternative to making its production feasible is using residual raw materials as a source of Al 2 O 3 , such as SFCC (spent fluidized catalytic cracking).In view of this, this work aims to evaluate hydration at the initial age of cements. For this, six clinkers were produced with different ye'elimite contents, with and without SFCC. These were characterized by XRD/Rietveld. The pastes were evaluated by TG/DTG and XRD/Rietveld to understand the hydration mechanism on the third day of these cements. It was possible to synthesize the main phases of YCC, in clinkers with and without SFCC. In addition, at the age evaluated, the pastes with and without SFCC presented comparable phase composition, indicating the potential for co-processing this residue. cement trend context yeelimite ye elimite YCC (YCC emissions advantages cementsAn An spent cracking.In crackingIn cracking .In contents XRDRietveld XRD Rietveld TGDTG TG DTG addition composition coprocessing co processing residue

Resumo Diante dos impactos ambientais associados à produção do cimento Portland convencional, o estudo de cimentos especiais de reduzido impacto ambiental tem sido uma tendência. Neste contexto, os cimentos contendo ye’elimita (YCC) se destacam devido à baixa emissão de CO2. Apesar das vantagens ambientais, a alta demanda por alumínio limita economicamente a produção destes cimentos. Uma alternativa para viabilizar a sua produção é o uso de matérias-primas residuais como fonte de Al2O3, a exemplo do SFCC (catalizador gasto do craqueamento catalítico de leito fluidizado). Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a hidratação na idade inicial de cimentos YCC produzidos a partir do coprocessamento do SFCC. Para isso, foram produzidos seis clínqueres com diferentes teores de ye’elimita, com e sem SFCC. Estes foram caracterizados por DRX/Rietveld. As pastas foram avaliadas por TG/DTG e DRX/Rietveld para compreender o mecanismo de hidratação em idade inicial destes cimentos. Foi possível sintetizar as principais fases dos YCC, nos clínqueres com e sem SFCC. Além disso, na idade avaliada, as pastas com e sem SFCC apresentaram composição de fases comparáveis indicando o potencial de coprocessamento do SFCC neste tipo de cimento. convencional tendência contexto yeelimita ye elimita (YCC CO2 CO matériasprimas matérias primas Al2O3 AlO Al O catalizador fluidizado. fluidizado . fluidizado) disso isso yeelimita, elimita, DRXRietveld DRX Rietveld TGDTG TG DTG avaliada Al2O

Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

ABSTRACT The proper disposal of fruit and vegetable waste is essential to promote environmental sustainability, reduce the carbon footprint, improve soil quality, and contribute to the transition to a circular economy. This study examined the impact of incorporating dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW) into anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable residues and utilization of the resulting biofertilizer as a diluent in the anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues (recycle). The specific biogas and methane production and the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer were evaluated in a semi-continuous trial. Two startup strategies were employed: initially, the reactors were entirely fed with inoculum (biofertilizer derived from DCWW), and fruit and vegetable residue feedstock was gradually introduced. Anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues with DCWW yielded the highest specific production of biogas and methane at 720 and 436 L kg-1 of volatile solids (VS), respectively. The addition of DCWW increases fruit and vegetable residue alkalinity by 249% and reduces the volatile acidity by 83.4%. Anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues enhances macronutrient recovery in the biofertilizer through recycle. Logistically, directing fruit and vegetable residues to rural areas for anaerobic co-digestion with DCWW promotes agricultural biofertilizer use. sustainability footprint economy (DCWW codigestion co digestion monodigestion mono recycle . (recycle) semicontinuous semi continuous trial employed initially DCWW, , DCWW) introduced 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- VS, VS (VS) respectively 249 834 83 4 83.4% Logistically use (recycle 7 (VS 24 8 83.4 2 83.

RESUMO A destinação adequada dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais é fundamental para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzir a pegada de carbono, melhorar a qualidade do solo e contribuir para a transição para uma economia circular. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de água residuária da bovinocultura de leite em codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos de frutas e vegetais e o uso do biofertilizante como diluente na monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais (reciclo). A produção específica de biogás e metano, bem como a qualidade agronômica do biofertilizante em um estudo semicontínuo, foram avaliados. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias para partida dos reatores: o abastecimento inicial dos reatores totalmente com inóculo (biofertilizante proveniente da digestão anaeróbia da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite) e a progressão de carga para os resíduos de frutas e vegetais. A maior produção específica de biogás e metano foi atingida pela codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e vegetais com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite, 720 e 436 L kg-1 de sólidos voláteis (SV), respectivamente. A adição da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite aumentou em 249% a alcalinidade dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais e diminuiu em 83,4% sua acidez volátil. A recuperação de macronutrientes no biofertilizante é favorecida pela monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais em função do uso do reciclo. Entretanto, visando a destinação destes ao meio rural, a codigestão anaeróbia com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite favorece o uso agrícola do biofertilizante. ambiental carbono circular reciclo . (reciclo) semicontínuo 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- SV, SV , (SV) respectivamente 249 834 83 4 83,4 volátil Entretanto rural (reciclo 7 (SV 24 8 83, 2

Research that directs the way stakeholders act and how they collaborate is essential when addressing complex environmental challenges in the field of sustainability science. For example, researchers attempting to manage Prosopis invasions through biological control in South Africa have historically faced challenges from stakeholders. In this study we illustrate the importance of stakeholder engagement and social learning by outlining the collaborative efforts of various stakeholders to promote effective, integrative and sustainable management of Prosopis invasions in the Northern Cape, South Africa. Through a community of practice approach, stakeholders worked together over the past half-decade in an attempt to develop a National Strategy for Prosopis management and improve its control. This strategy aimed not only to emphasise the need for integration of biomass use (aimed at offsetting the costs of mechanical clearing and necessary herbicide use) but also to underscore the significance of biocontrol alongside other management approaches. Stakeholders also identified that adequate farm-scale planning is necessary to provide a sense of purpose and assist in monitoring of progress. We worked alongside land managers and experts to develop such plans. The engagement of local champions played a crucial role in facilitating collaboration and learning among stakeholders, emphasising the significance of inclusive approaches in addressing complex sustainability challenges. In addition, we gained an understanding of how to develop the community of practice to enhance collaboration that ensures the implementation of plans to better manage Prosopis. Our findings underscore the necessity of meaningful stakeholder engagement and collaboration in effective invasive species management. By promoting understanding and involvement of diverse stakeholders, initiatives can have a greater impact in addressing broader sustainability issues. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings highlight the fundamental role of stakeholder collaboration in addressing environmental challenges (e.g. biological invasions), promoting sustainability and fostering social learning. Collaboration facilitates exchange of knowledge, promotes social learning and allows stakeholders to make informed decisions when addressing sustainability issues. Collaborative approaches promote the effectiveness of a community of practice in managing Prosopis invasions in South Africa. Local champions played a pivotal role in facilitating collaboration, bridging communication gaps and promoting inclusive approaches. Sustained stakeholder engagement, transdisciplinary collaborations, effective biological control and market development for biomass products will be essential to improve the sustainable management Prosopis.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales en Mesoamérica son adaptaciones ancestrales a los diversos y complejos ambientes. La tezcalera representa uno de ellos. Preguntas: ¿En qué contexto ambiental se desarrolla la tezcalera? ¿Cuáles son las prácticas de manejo que se llevan a cabo en la tezcalera?¿Cómo afectan a la riqueza, composición y abundancia de las arvenses? ¿Cómo influyen en la resiliencia del sistema agrícola, de los bosques tropicales secos y al mantenimiento de los recursos para la subsitencia? Especies de estudio: Arvenses en tezcaleras con diferente manejo. Sitio y años de estudio: Zumpahuacán, Estado de México, 2020-2021 Métodos: Entrevistas sobre prácticas de manejo de la tezcalera. Registro de la riqueza, composición y abundancia de malezas en parcelas con diferente historia de manejo. Resultados: Las tezcaleras se originan de la roza-tumba-quema y siguen diferentes rutas: el tlacolol-milsol-regeneración o potrero, y recientemente, cultivo de Agave. Registramos 161 morfoespecies y 45 familias botánicas; 95 % nativas de la selva baja caducifolia. Veinticinco son endémicas de la región del Balsas y 34 están en alguna categoría de riesgo. La riqueza y abundancia de las arvenses varió entre tezcaleras. La composición florística fue similar; 65 % tuvieron valor tangible o intangible. Conclusiones: La tezcalera es una unidad biocultural y un agroecosistema resiliente. Las prácticas tradicionales favorecen la riqueza y composición de las especies nativas. Los herbicidas y la introducción del cultivo de Agave desplazan a los cultivos tradicionales, poniendo en riesgo la agrobiodiversidad local.

Abstract Background: Traditional agricultural systems in Mesoamerica are adaptations of ancient farmers to the complex and varied environments. Tezcalera represents one of them. Questions: How is the environmental context under which the tezcalera develop? Which management practices are followed in tezcalera? How do these management practices affect weeds' richness, composition, and abundance? How do these management practices contribute to the resilience of the agricultural system, the tropical dry forests, and to the maintenance of subsistence resources? Studied species: Weeds growing in tezcaleras with different management. Study site and dates: Zumpahuacán, Estado de México, 2020-2021. Methods: Twenty-four collaborators were interviewed about the environmental, technological, and cultural aspects of tezcalera. We recorded weeds' richness, composition, and abundance in seven plots with different management histories. Results: Tezcaleras originate from the slash-burn process and follow different paths: tlacolol-milsol-shallow plot, potrero, and recently, Agave crop. We recorded 161 morphospecies from 45 botanical families; 95 % were native to tropical dry forests. Twenty-five species are endemic to the Balsas region, and thirty-four are at risk. Richness and abundance varied between tezcaleras, where tlacolol plots exhibited the highest values. Plant composition was similar; 65 % had intangible or tangible values. Conclusions: Tezcalera is a biocultural unit and a resilient agroecosystem. Traditional practices remain and positively impact the richness and composition of native weeds. The uncontrolled use of herbicides and the introduction of Agave crop are displacing traditional crops and modifying traditional practices, risking local agrobiodiversity.

Resumen Esta investigación planteó como objetivo identificar recomendaciones para reducir la contaminación visual en entornos urbanos mediante la comparación de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" de Londrina, Brasil y la "Ordenanza que Regula la Instalación de Medios Publicitarios y Propaganda Electoral en el Espacio Público y Privado" de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado y comparativo, destacando similitudes y diferencias entre ambas regulaciones, subrayando la necesidad de una adecuada gestión para proteger el paisaje urbano y a los ciudadanos que lo habitan. Se sugirió la implementación de medidas derivadas de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" en Portoviejo para lograr un mejor manejo y control sobre aspectos técnicos de la rotulación comercial y de igual manera reducir el impacto ambiental causado en los espacios públicos de la urbe.

Abstract This research aimed to identify recommendations to reduce visual pollution in urban environments by comparing the "Clean City Law" of Londrina, Brazil and the "Ordinance Regulating the Installation of Advertising Media and Electoral Propaganda in Public and Private Space" from Portoviejo, Ecuador. A detailed and comparative analysis was carried out, highlighting similarities and differences between both regulations, underlining the need for adequate management to protect the urban landscape and the citizens who inhabit it. The implementation of measures derived from the "Clean City Law" in Portoviejo was suggested to achieve better management and control over technical aspects of commercial signage and likewise reduce the environmental impact caused in the city's public spaces.

RESUMEN La superación del promotor del programa comunitario educa a tu hijo (PETH), es un proceso que trasciende la formación continua de los profesionales de la primera infancia por su encargo social. Guarda una estrecha relación con los cambios por los que ha transitado la sociedad en su decursar y respondiendo de manera directa a la gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Es en tal sentido que en la presente investigación se frecen algunos resultados de la investigación realizada para estudios de formación doctoral que permiten identificar las diferentes etapas y características que distinguen el desarrollo histórico del proceso de superación en educación ambiental del promotor (PETH) para su gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Para un correcto estudio del proceso se utilizaron los métodos teóricos como el análisis - síntesis, la inducción - deducción, el histórico - lógico permitió realizar un análisis cronológico sincrónico y dialéctico de la evolución del proceso de manera global y especificar su impacto en la superación de los promotores en Cuba y en particular en el municipio San Luis. Los resultados revelaron que el proceso ha transitado por diferentes etapas, de cuyo estudio resultan sus características fundamentales con especial interés en la primera infancia.

ABSTRACT The overcoming of the promoter of the community program educates your son (PETH), it is a process that the continuous formation of the professionals of the first childhood transcends for its social responsibility. He keeps a narrow relationship with the changes for those that it has trafficked the society and responding from a direct way to the environmental administration in the rural context. It is in such a sense that in the present investigation you frecen some results of the investigation carried out for studies of doctoral formation that allow to identify the different stages and characteristic that distinguish the historical development of the overcoming process in the promoter's environmental education (PETH) for their environmental administration in the rural context. For a correct study of the process the theoretical methods were used as the analysis - synthesis, the induction - deduction, the historical one - logical he/she allowed to carry out a synchronous and dialectical chronological analysis of the evolution of the process in a global way and to specify their impact in the overcoming of the promoters in Cuba and in particular in the municipality San Luis. The results revealed that the process has trafficked for different stages of whose study is their fundamental characteristics with special interest in the first childhood.

Abstract This study uses a Bayesian Structural Poisson model to address the increasing frequency of wildfires in Brazilian biomes. Long-term trends, seasonal behavior, and the impact of certain meteorological variables on the occurrence of forest fires were identified in the following biomes: Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, Pampa, and Pantanal. Nonlinear temporal trends were observed in all biomes, with varying annual increments between 1999-2020: 5.5 % in Pampa, 4.9 % in Pantanal, 3.0 % in Caatinga, 2.3 % in Amazon, 2.2 % in Atlantic Forest, and 2.2 % in Cerrado. Seasonal patterns were present in all biomes, with similarities among the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest, while the Pampa and Pantanal displayed a bimodal pattern. Environmental factors such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, and temperature had significant effects on fire occurrence in different biomes. The findings of this study contribute valuable insights into fire patterns and their relationships with environmental factors in Brazilian biomes, helping to inform fire management and prevention strategies.

Resumen Este estudio aborda la creciente frecuencia de los incendios forestales en los biomas brasileños; para ello, se utilizó un modelo Bayesiano Estructural de Poisson. Se identificaron las tendencias a largo plazo, el comportamiento estacional y el impacto de determinadas variables meteorológicas en la ocurrencia de incendios forestales en los siguientes biomas: Amazonía, Caatinga, Cerrado, Bosque Atlántico, Pampa y Pantanal. Se observaron tendencias temporales no lineales en todos los biomas, con incrementos anuales variables entre 1999-2020: 5.5 % en Pampa, Pantanal 4.9 %, Catinga 3.0 %, Amazonía 2.3 %, Bosque Atlántico y Cerrado 2.2%. Los patrones estacionales estuvieron presentes en todos los biomas, con similitudes entre Amazonía, Catinga, Cerrado y Bosque Atlántico, mientras que la Pampa y el Pantanal mostraron un patrón bimodal. Factores ambientales como la evapotranspiración, las precipitaciones y la temperatura influyeron significativamente en el surgimiento de incendios en distintos biomas. Los resultados de este estudio aportan información valiosa sobre los patrones de incendios y su relación con los factores ambientales en los biomas brasileños, lo cual ayudará en el desarrollo de las estrategias de gestión y prevención de incendios.

Abstract The scientific literature in the field of sustainable tourism emphasizes the crucial importance of the perception of the host community in small tourist destinations, due to its significant impact on the quality perceived by tourists. The objective of this article is to examine the perception of the host community of San Juan de Churin with respect to the economic, social and environmental development derived from tourism activity. A mixed methodology with a cross-sectional design was implemented to categorize the members of the host community into hierarchical groups, based on their perception of the impact of tourism on local development. The study combined quantitative (survey with closed-ended questions) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) methods. In-depth interviews revealed a convergence between leaders and community regarding the perception of achievements and challenges of local sustainable tourism. Spearman's correlation analysis, applied to the survey results, evidenced a moderate to strong positive relationship, between the dimensions of economic, social and environmental development and the overall perception of development by the community (0.563 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.834). Hierarchical cluster analysis, combined with nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis Test), identified groups of individuals with similar perceptions of local tourism development. This classification provides an in-depth understanding of variations in community perceptions and needs, which could guide specific tourism management strategies and policies.

Resumo A literatura científica no campo do turismo sustentável enfatiza a importância crucial da percepção da comunidade anfitriã em pequenos destinos turísticos, devido ao seu impacto significativo na qualidade percebida pelos turistas. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a percepção da comunidade anfitriã de San Juan de Churin em relação ao desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental derivado da atividade turística. Foi implementada uma metodologia mista com um projeto de corte transversal para categorizar os membros da comunidade anfitriã em grupos hierárquicos com base em sua percepção do impacto do turismo no desenvolvimento local. O estudo combinou métodos quantitativos (pesquisa com perguntas fechadas) e qualitativos (entrevistas semiestruturadas). As entrevistas aprofundadas revelaram uma convergência entre os líderes e a comunidade em termos de percepções das conquistas e dos desafios do turismo sustentável local. A análise de correlação de Spearman, aplicada aos resultados da pesquisa, mostrou uma relação positiva moderada a forte entre as dimensões de desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental e a percepção geral de desenvolvimento da comunidade (0,563 ≤ ρ ≤ 0,834). A análise de agrupamento hierárquico, combinada com a análise não paramétrica de variância (teste de Kruskal-Wallis), identificou grupos de indivíduos com percepções semelhantes do desenvolvimento do turismo local. Essa classificação fornece uma compreensão aprofundada das variações nas percepções e necessidades da comunidade, o que poderia orientar estratégias e políticas específicas de gerenciamento do turismo.

Resumen La literatura científica en el campo del turismo sostenible enfatiza la importancia crucial de la percepción de la comunidad receptora en los pequeños destinos turísticos, debido a su impacto significativo en la calidad percibida por los turistas. Examinar la percepción de la comunidad receptora de San Juan de Churin respecto al desarrollo económico, social y medioambiental, derivado de la actividad turística, constituye el objetivo de este artículo. Para su cumplimiento se implementó una metodología mixta con diseño transversal para categorizar a los miembros de la comunidad receptora en grupos jerárquicos, basándose en su percepción del impacto turístico en el desarrollo local. El estudio combinó métodos cuantitativos (encuesta con preguntas cerradas) y cualitativos (entrevistas semiestructuradas). Las entrevistas en profundidad revelaron una convergencia entre líderes y comunidad en cuanto a la percepción de logros y desafíos del turismo sostenible local. El análisis de correlación de Spearman, aplicado a los resultados de la encuesta, evidenció una relación positiva de moderada a fuerte, entre las dimensiones de desarrollo económico, social y medioambiental y la percepción general del desarrollo por parte de la comunidad (0,563 ≤ ρ ≤ 0,834). El análisis de clúster jerárquico, combinado con el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis), identificó grupos de individuos con percepciones similares sobre el desarrollo turístico local. Esta clasificación proporciona una comprensión profunda de las variaciones en percepciones y necesidades de la comunidad, lo que podría orientar estrategias de gestión turística y políticas específicas.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los brotes recurrentes de dengue subrayan la necesidad de abordajes más efectivos en la prevención y control de vectores. A menudo, las intervenciones se centran en un enfoque biomédico y de promoción de la salud desde un enfoque individual, sin integrar factores socioambientales ni ser evaluados científicamente Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la recolección de residuos domésticos de gran tamaño sobre potenciales criaderos de mosquitos transmisores del dengue en Asunción, Paraguay durante los años 2017 a 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, donde se encuestaron 350 hogares, como línea de base durante el 2017 y una línea de cierre en 108 hogares en 2021. Se utilizó el método de Diferencia en Diferencia (DID) para comparar la presencia de criaderos antes y después de la intervención en 43 hogares intervenidos y 65 no intervenidos. Resultados: La recolección diferenciada fue utilizada principalmente por aquellos hogares que tenían una gran cantidad de residuos sólidos de gran tamaño, pero no para deshacerse de todos estos objetos, sino sólo de una parte (DID de -52% en el número total de criaderos y DID de 1% en número de hogares con criaderos). Encontramos una reducción significativa en el número de total de criaderos de gran tamaño, pero no observamos diferencias en el número total de hogares con criaderos. Factores subjetivos, como la creencia de que los objetos en desuso podrían llegar a ser útiles en el futuro explicaban en gran medida su presencia en los hogares, incluso con el servicio disponible. Conclusiones: El enfoque de la gestión municipal en los residuos voluminosos puede contribuir a la prevención del dengue por el hecho de que no constituyen residuos de generación rápida en los hogares, y su eliminación puede tener un impacto relativamente duradero. El factor subjetivo relacionado con la presencia de estos criaderos en los hogares debe ser objeto de mayores estudios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recurrent dengue outbreaks underscore the need for more effective approaches to vector prevention and control. Often, interventions focus on a biomedical and health promotion approach from an individual approach, without integrating socio-environmental factors or being scientifically evaluated. Objetive: To evaluate the impact of large household waste collection on potential breeding sites of dengue-transmitting mosquitoes in Asuncion, Paraguay during the years 2017 to 2021. Material and methods: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, where 350 households were surveyed, as a baseline during 2017 and a closing line in 108 households in 2021. The Difference-in-Difference (DID) method was used to compare the presence of breeding sites before and after the intervention in 43 intervened and 65 non-intervened households. Results: Differentiated collection was mainly used by those households that had a large amount of large solid waste, but not to dispose of all these objects, but only part of them (DID of -52% in the total number of breeding sites and DID of 1% in the number of households with breeding sites). We found a significant reduction in the total number of large breeding sites but did not observe differences in the total number of households with breeding sites. Subjective factors, such as the belief that disused objects could become useful in the future, were largely responsible for the reduction in the number of large breeding sites. Conclusions: The municipal management approach to bulky waste can contribute to dengue prevention because it does not constitute rapidly generated waste in households, and its disposal can have a relatively long-lasting impact. The subjective factors related to the presence of these breeding sites in households warrant further study.

Abstract The phenomenon of climate change has generated significant adverse consequences on coffee productivity and the income of producers around the world. The present study aims to evaluate the potential repercussions of climate change on coffee production in the Las Montañas region, Veracruz. To carry out this analysis, socioeconomic and environmental data were collected during the years 2022 and 2023, through a survey applied to a sample of 91 production units specialized in coffee cultivation. These data were subjected to ordinary least squares analysis, using the Ricardian approach. The results obtained indicate that the climate change will have a significant impact on the value of the land and that these effects will be differentiated between the different strata of producers, particularly affecting the smaller scale ones. The heterogeneity in climate sensitivity highlights the importance of considering specific strategies for different types of producers in order to reduce their dependence on coffee cultivation and reduce their vulnerability to the increasingly evident impacts of climate change.

Resumen El fenómeno del cambio climático ha generado consecuencias adversas significativas en la productividad del café y en los ingresos de los productores en todo el mundo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las repercusiones potenciales del cambio climático en la producción de café en la región de Las Montañas, del estado de Veracruz. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se recopilaron datos socioeconómicos y ambientales durante los años 2022 y 2023, mediante una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 91 unidades de producción especializadas en el cultivo del café. Estos datos se sometieron a un análisis de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, empleando el enfoque Ricardiano. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el cambio climático tiene impacto significativo sobre el valor de la tierra y que dichas afectaciones son diferenciadas entre los distintos estratos de productores, afectando particularmente a los de menor escala. La heterogeneidad en la sensibilidad al clima destaca la importancia de considerar estrategias específicas para diferentes tipos de productores con el fin de reducir su dependencia respecto al cultivo de café y reducir su vulnerabilidad frente a los impactos del cambio climático.

Abstract The accurate simulation of wind flow in the atmospheric boundary layer in a wind tunnel is crucial for various engineering applications, spanning fields such as civil and environmental engineering. With the aim of investigating and characterizing the behavior and impact of wind on scaled models of civil structures in the Wind Tunnel of the School of Civil Engineering at the University of Valle, the main objective is to determine the appropriate distribution of turbulence-generating devices to replicate specific velocity profiles required for rural, suburban, and urban exposure types that describe the atmospheric boundary layer. This study is based on reproducing three velocity profiles, representative of urban, suburban, and rural exposures, at a 1:200 scale. To achieve this, full-scale Irwin vortex generators, a castellated barrier, and Counihan and Gartshore roughness elements were implemented. Velocity measurements in the wind tunnel test section were conducted using a hot-wire anemometry system and Pitot tubes. Experimental results obtained by simulating velocity profiles demonstrated an acceptable correspondence with theoretical profiles established in the NSR-10 design code. This study contributes to the advancement in understanding and replicating velocity profiles in the context of simulating the atmospheric boundary layer in wind tunnels in Colombia, supporting key applications in the field of engineering.

Resumen La precisa simulación del flujo de viento en la capa límite atmosférica en un túnel de viento es de suma importancia para diversas aplicaciones en ingeniería, abarcando campos como la ingeniería civil y ambiental, entre otros. En el contexto de investigar y caracterizar el comportamiento del viento en modelos a escala reducida de estructuras civiles, llevamos a cabo un estudio en el Túnel de Viento de la Escuela de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad del Valle. El objetivo principal consistió en determinar la distribución adecuada de dispositivos generadores de turbulencia para replicar perfiles de velocidad específicos requeridos para exposiciones de tipo rural, suburbana y urbana. Este estudio se basó en la reproducción de tres perfiles de velocidad, representativos de exposiciones urbanas, suburbanas y rurales, a una escala de 1:200. Para lograr esto, implementamos generadores de vórtices de Irwin a tamaño completo, una barrera almenada y elementos de rugosidad de Counihan y Gartshore. La medición de la velocidad media en la sección de ensayos del túnel de viento se llevó a cabo utilizando sistemas de anemometría de hilo caliente y tubos de Pitot. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos al simular los perfiles de velocidad demostraron una correspondencia aceptable con los perfiles teóricos establecidos en el código de diseño NSR-10. Este estudio contribuye al avance en la comprensión y reproducción de perfiles de velocidad en el contexto de simulación de la capa límite atmosférica en túneles de viento, respaldando aplicaciones clave en el campo de la ingeniería.

Abstract: The pavement sub-base requires suitable materials for the necessary support. Traditionally, borrow material has been used, this generates environmental impact. This study analyzed the potential for reusing industrial waste ashes deposited in landfills. Laboratory tests were conducted by mixing the soil with different proportions of ashes. The relationship between soil moisture and dry weight was determined, and the C.B.R. (California Bearing Ratio) test was performed. The pavement thickness was calculated, keeping the same sub-base thickness. As the percentage of ashes increased, the soil quality decreased, but it still met the requirements for use as a sub-base. It is recommended to consider industrial waste ashes as a viable recycling material in pavement construction, which would reduce the environmental impact associated with their disposal in landfills.

Resumen: La sub-base del pavimento requiere materiales adecuados para el soporte necesario. Tradicionalmente, se ha utilizado material de préstamo, lo que genera un impacto ambiental. Este estudio analizó el potencial de reutilizar cenizas de desecho industrial depositadas en vertederos. Se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio mezclando el suelo con diferentes proporciones de cenizas. Se determinó la relación entre humedad y peso seco del suelo, se realizó el ensayo C.B.R. (California Bearing Ratio) y se calculó el espesor de pavimentos, con un mismo espesor de sub-base. A medida que aumenta el porcentaje de cenizas, la calidad del suelo disminuye, pero sigue cumpliendo los requisitos para ser utilizado como sub-base. Se recomienda considerar las cenizas de desecho industrial como un material de reciclaje viable en la construcción de pavimentos, lo que reduciría el impacto ambiental asociado a su disposición en vertederos.

In the context of South Africa's water scarcity, desalination has emerged as a possible solution for coastal areas. However, the quality of the intake water for desalination is often problematic, prompting the need for pre-treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) on 4 seawater filtration systems intended for the pre-treatment of a reverse osmosis desalination project. These systems were implemented in a pilot trial and are based on modern water treatment technologies, namely, granular filtration (pressure driven and gravity driven), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and ultrafiltration (UF). For all 4 systems, data were collected for both the construction and operation phases, and LCAs were performed, resulting in environmental scores that allow for comparison based on the pre-treatment of 1 kL of seawater of the same quality. The SimaPro LCA tool and the ReCiPe midpoint method were used and environmental scores were calculated for 18 impact categories, including climate change, acidification, toxicity, eutrophication, resource depletion, etc. This methodology also allowed the identification of the highest environmental burdens/scores within each system. The most significant finding is that local electricity consumption is responsible for the greatest proportion of environmental impacts. Thus, the systems consuming more energy for operating equipment such as blowers, pumps, and mixers were found to have the highest environmental burdens. Hence, the DAF system has the highest environmental scores for most impacts, followed by the single-phase gravity filtration system, then the two-phase partial pressure filtration system and finally the UF system. Therefore, focus should shift towards energy optimisation of process units, especially the rotary ones, as well as energy mitigation and recovery strategies. The use of renewable energy for pre-treatment should also be considered locally.