Abstract Given the environmental impacts associated with the production of conventional Portland cement, the study of special cements with reduced environmental impact has been a trend. In this context, cements containing ye'elimite (YCC) stand out due to their low CO 2 emissions. Despite the environmental advantages, the high demand for aluminum economically limits the production of these cements.An alternative to making its production feasible is using residual raw materials as a source of Al 2 O 3 , such as SFCC (spent fluidized catalytic cracking).In view of this, this work aims to evaluate hydration at the initial age of cements. For this, six clinkers were produced with different ye'elimite contents, with and without SFCC. These were characterized by XRD/Rietveld. The pastes were evaluated by TG/DTG and XRD/Rietveld to understand the hydration mechanism on the third day of these cements. It was possible to synthesize the main phases of YCC, in clinkers with and without SFCC. In addition, at the age evaluated, the pastes with and without SFCC presented comparable phase composition, indicating the potential for co-processing this residue. cement trend context yeelimite ye elimite YCC (YCC emissions advantages cementsAn An spent cracking.In crackingIn cracking .In contents XRDRietveld XRD Rietveld TGDTG TG DTG addition composition coprocessing co processing residue

Resumo Diante dos impactos ambientais associados à produção do cimento Portland convencional, o estudo de cimentos especiais de reduzido impacto ambiental tem sido uma tendência. Neste contexto, os cimentos contendo ye’elimita (YCC) se destacam devido à baixa emissão de CO2. Apesar das vantagens ambientais, a alta demanda por alumínio limita economicamente a produção destes cimentos. Uma alternativa para viabilizar a sua produção é o uso de matérias-primas residuais como fonte de Al2O3, a exemplo do SFCC (catalizador gasto do craqueamento catalítico de leito fluidizado). Diante disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a hidratação na idade inicial de cimentos YCC produzidos a partir do coprocessamento do SFCC. Para isso, foram produzidos seis clínqueres com diferentes teores de ye’elimita, com e sem SFCC. Estes foram caracterizados por DRX/Rietveld. As pastas foram avaliadas por TG/DTG e DRX/Rietveld para compreender o mecanismo de hidratação em idade inicial destes cimentos. Foi possível sintetizar as principais fases dos YCC, nos clínqueres com e sem SFCC. Além disso, na idade avaliada, as pastas com e sem SFCC apresentaram composição de fases comparáveis indicando o potencial de coprocessamento do SFCC neste tipo de cimento. convencional tendência contexto yeelimita ye elimita (YCC CO2 CO matériasprimas matérias primas Al2O3 AlO Al O catalizador fluidizado. fluidizado . fluidizado) disso isso yeelimita, elimita, DRXRietveld DRX Rietveld TGDTG TG DTG avaliada Al2O

Resumo Analisou-se a viabilidade técnica e ambiental da Erythrina poeppigiana para produzir compensados com os adesivos: fenol-formaldeído (FF); uréia-formaldeído (UF) e poliuretano à base de mamona (PU). Avaliou-se as propriedades física e mecânica: densidade aparente, teor de umidade, absorção de água, inchamento em espessura, resistência ao cisalhamento e flexão estática. Os testes apontaram a viabilidade da eritrina para produção de compensados não estruturais. A avaliação ambiental, através dos indicadores, quantificação da energia embutida e emissão de CO 2 e, demonstrou que os pain compensado produzido com adesivo PU teve melhor desempenho que os painéis com FF e UF. O tratamento T1 (FF) apresentou maior energia embutida, o T2 (UF) a maior emissão de CO 2 e. A viabilidade técnica e ambiental da eritrina para produzir compensados pode promover o desenvolvimento socioeconômico regional, ambientalmente sustentável, com vantagens em relação aos compensados estrangeiros, bem como ao desempenho ambiental. Analisouse Analisou se adesivos fenolformaldeído fenol formaldeído uréiaformaldeído uréia UF (UF PU. . (PU) Avaliouse Avaliou mecânica aparente umidade água espessura estática estruturais indicadores T (FF regional sustentável estrangeiros (PU

Abstract The study analyzed the technical and environmental feasibility of using Erythrina poeppigiana to produce plywood with different adhesives: phenol-formaldehyde (PF), urea-formaldehyde (UF), and castor oil-based polyurethane (PUA). The physical and mechanical properties of the plywood were evaluated, including apparent density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, shear resistance, and static bending. Tests proved erythrina’s suitability for non-structural plywood production. The environmental impact of the production process was also evaluated, using embedded energy and CO2e emissions as indicators. The results showed that plywood produced with PU adhesive had better environmental performance compared to panels with FF and UF adhesives. T1 treatment (PF) had the highest embodied energy, while T2 (UF) had the highest CO2e emission. Overall, the study suggests that using erythrina to produce plywood can be a viable option for promoting regional socioeconomic development while also being environmentally sustainable and presents an advantage over foreign plywood in terms of environmental performance. adhesives phenolformaldehyde phenol formaldehyde PF, PF , ureaformaldehyde urea UF, oilbased oil based PUA. PUA . (PUA) evaluated density content absorption swelling resistance bending erythrinas s nonstructural non structural COe CO e indicators T (PF (UF emission Overall (PUA

ABSTRACT The proper disposal of fruit and vegetable waste is essential to promote environmental sustainability, reduce the carbon footprint, improve soil quality, and contribute to the transition to a circular economy. This study examined the impact of incorporating dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW) into anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable residues and utilization of the resulting biofertilizer as a diluent in the anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues (recycle). The specific biogas and methane production and the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer were evaluated in a semi-continuous trial. Two startup strategies were employed: initially, the reactors were entirely fed with inoculum (biofertilizer derived from DCWW), and fruit and vegetable residue feedstock was gradually introduced. Anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues with DCWW yielded the highest specific production of biogas and methane at 720 and 436 L kg-1 of volatile solids (VS), respectively. The addition of DCWW increases fruit and vegetable residue alkalinity by 249% and reduces the volatile acidity by 83.4%. Anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues enhances macronutrient recovery in the biofertilizer through recycle. Logistically, directing fruit and vegetable residues to rural areas for anaerobic co-digestion with DCWW promotes agricultural biofertilizer use. sustainability footprint economy (DCWW codigestion co digestion monodigestion mono recycle . (recycle) semicontinuous semi continuous trial employed initially DCWW, , DCWW) introduced 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- VS, VS (VS) respectively 249 834 83 4 83.4% Logistically use (recycle 7 (VS 24 8 83.4 2 83.

RESUMO A destinação adequada dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais é fundamental para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzir a pegada de carbono, melhorar a qualidade do solo e contribuir para a transição para uma economia circular. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de água residuária da bovinocultura de leite em codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos de frutas e vegetais e o uso do biofertilizante como diluente na monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais (reciclo). A produção específica de biogás e metano, bem como a qualidade agronômica do biofertilizante em um estudo semicontínuo, foram avaliados. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias para partida dos reatores: o abastecimento inicial dos reatores totalmente com inóculo (biofertilizante proveniente da digestão anaeróbia da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite) e a progressão de carga para os resíduos de frutas e vegetais. A maior produção específica de biogás e metano foi atingida pela codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e vegetais com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite, 720 e 436 L kg-1 de sólidos voláteis (SV), respectivamente. A adição da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite aumentou em 249% a alcalinidade dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais e diminuiu em 83,4% sua acidez volátil. A recuperação de macronutrientes no biofertilizante é favorecida pela monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais em função do uso do reciclo. Entretanto, visando a destinação destes ao meio rural, a codigestão anaeróbia com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite favorece o uso agrícola do biofertilizante. ambiental carbono circular reciclo . (reciclo) semicontínuo 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- SV, SV , (SV) respectivamente 249 834 83 4 83,4 volátil Entretanto rural (reciclo 7 (SV 24 8 83, 2

Abstract Background: Traditional agricultural systems in Mesoamerica are adaptations of ancient farmers to the complex and varied environments. Tezcalera represents one of them. Questions: How is the environmental context under which the tezcalera develop? Which management practices are followed in tezcalera? How do these management practices affect weeds' richness, composition, and abundance? How do these management practices contribute to the resilience of the agricultural system, the tropical dry forests, and to the maintenance of subsistence resources? Studied species: Weeds growing in tezcaleras with different management. Study site and dates: Zumpahuacán, Estado de México, 2020-2021. Methods: Twenty-four collaborators were interviewed about the environmental, technological, and cultural aspects of tezcalera. We recorded weeds' richness, composition, and abundance in seven plots with different management histories. Results: Tezcaleras originate from the slash-burn process and follow different paths: tlacolol-milsol-shallow plot, potrero, and recently, Agave crop. We recorded 161 morphospecies from 45 botanical families; 95 % were native to tropical dry forests. Twenty-five species are endemic to the Balsas region, and thirty-four are at risk. Richness and abundance varied between tezcaleras, where tlacolol plots exhibited the highest values. Plant composition was similar; 65 % had intangible or tangible values. Conclusions: Tezcalera is a biocultural unit and a resilient agroecosystem. Traditional practices remain and positively impact the richness and composition of native weeds. The uncontrolled use of herbicides and the introduction of Agave crop are displacing traditional crops and modifying traditional practices, risking local agrobiodiversity.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales en Mesoamérica son adaptaciones ancestrales a los diversos y complejos ambientes. La tezcalera representa uno de ellos. Preguntas: ¿En qué contexto ambiental se desarrolla la tezcalera? ¿Cuáles son las prácticas de manejo que se llevan a cabo en la tezcalera?¿Cómo afectan a la riqueza, composición y abundancia de las arvenses? ¿Cómo influyen en la resiliencia del sistema agrícola, de los bosques tropicales secos y al mantenimiento de los recursos para la subsitencia? Especies de estudio: Arvenses en tezcaleras con diferente manejo. Sitio y años de estudio: Zumpahuacán, Estado de México, 2020-2021 Métodos: Entrevistas sobre prácticas de manejo de la tezcalera. Registro de la riqueza, composición y abundancia de malezas en parcelas con diferente historia de manejo. Resultados: Las tezcaleras se originan de la roza-tumba-quema y siguen diferentes rutas: el tlacolol-milsol-regeneración o potrero, y recientemente, cultivo de Agave. Registramos 161 morfoespecies y 45 familias botánicas; 95 % nativas de la selva baja caducifolia. Veinticinco son endémicas de la región del Balsas y 34 están en alguna categoría de riesgo. La riqueza y abundancia de las arvenses varió entre tezcaleras. La composición florística fue similar; 65 % tuvieron valor tangible o intangible. Conclusiones: La tezcalera es una unidad biocultural y un agroecosistema resiliente. Las prácticas tradicionales favorecen la riqueza y composición de las especies nativas. Los herbicidas y la introducción del cultivo de Agave desplazan a los cultivos tradicionales, poniendo en riesgo la agrobiodiversidad local.

Abstract The phenomenon of climate change has generated significant adverse consequences on coffee productivity and the income of producers around the world. The present study aims to evaluate the potential repercussions of climate change on coffee production in the Las Montañas region, Veracruz. To carry out this analysis, socioeconomic and environmental data were collected during the years 2022 and 2023, through a survey applied to a sample of 91 production units specialized in coffee cultivation. These data were subjected to ordinary least squares analysis, using the Ricardian approach. The results obtained indicate that the climate change will have a significant impact on the value of the land and that these effects will be differentiated between the different strata of producers, particularly affecting the smaller scale ones. The heterogeneity in climate sensitivity highlights the importance of considering specific strategies for different types of producers in order to reduce their dependence on coffee cultivation and reduce their vulnerability to the increasingly evident impacts of climate change.

Resumen El fenómeno del cambio climático ha generado consecuencias adversas significativas en la productividad del café y en los ingresos de los productores en todo el mundo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las repercusiones potenciales del cambio climático en la producción de café en la región de Las Montañas, del estado de Veracruz. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se recopilaron datos socioeconómicos y ambientales durante los años 2022 y 2023, mediante una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 91 unidades de producción especializadas en el cultivo del café. Estos datos se sometieron a un análisis de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, empleando el enfoque Ricardiano. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el cambio climático tiene impacto significativo sobre el valor de la tierra y que dichas afectaciones son diferenciadas entre los distintos estratos de productores, afectando particularmente a los de menor escala. La heterogeneidad en la sensibilidad al clima destaca la importancia de considerar estrategias específicas para diferentes tipos de productores con el fin de reducir su dependencia respecto al cultivo de café y reducir su vulnerabilidad frente a los impactos del cambio climático.

Resumen La literatura científica en el campo del turismo sostenible enfatiza la importancia crucial de la percepción de la comunidad receptora en los pequeños destinos turísticos, debido a su impacto significativo en la calidad percibida por los turistas. Examinar la percepción de la comunidad receptora de San Juan de Churin respecto al desarrollo económico, social y medioambiental, derivado de la actividad turística, constituye el objetivo de este artículo. Para su cumplimiento se implementó una metodología mixta con diseño transversal para categorizar a los miembros de la comunidad receptora en grupos jerárquicos, basándose en su percepción del impacto turístico en el desarrollo local. El estudio combinó métodos cuantitativos (encuesta con preguntas cerradas) y cualitativos (entrevistas semiestructuradas). Las entrevistas en profundidad revelaron una convergencia entre líderes y comunidad en cuanto a la percepción de logros y desafíos del turismo sostenible local. El análisis de correlación de Spearman, aplicado a los resultados de la encuesta, evidenció una relación positiva de moderada a fuerte, entre las dimensiones de desarrollo económico, social y medioambiental y la percepción general del desarrollo por parte de la comunidad (0,563 ≤ ρ ≤ 0,834). El análisis de clúster jerárquico, combinado con el análisis de varianza no paramétrico (Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis), identificó grupos de individuos con percepciones similares sobre el desarrollo turístico local. Esta clasificación proporciona una comprensión profunda de las variaciones en percepciones y necesidades de la comunidad, lo que podría orientar estrategias de gestión turística y políticas específicas.

Resumo A literatura científica no campo do turismo sustentável enfatiza a importância crucial da percepção da comunidade anfitriã em pequenos destinos turísticos, devido ao seu impacto significativo na qualidade percebida pelos turistas. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a percepção da comunidade anfitriã de San Juan de Churin em relação ao desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental derivado da atividade turística. Foi implementada uma metodologia mista com um projeto de corte transversal para categorizar os membros da comunidade anfitriã em grupos hierárquicos com base em sua percepção do impacto do turismo no desenvolvimento local. O estudo combinou métodos quantitativos (pesquisa com perguntas fechadas) e qualitativos (entrevistas semiestruturadas). As entrevistas aprofundadas revelaram uma convergência entre os líderes e a comunidade em termos de percepções das conquistas e dos desafios do turismo sustentável local. A análise de correlação de Spearman, aplicada aos resultados da pesquisa, mostrou uma relação positiva moderada a forte entre as dimensões de desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental e a percepção geral de desenvolvimento da comunidade (0,563 ≤ ρ ≤ 0,834). A análise de agrupamento hierárquico, combinada com a análise não paramétrica de variância (teste de Kruskal-Wallis), identificou grupos de indivíduos com percepções semelhantes do desenvolvimento do turismo local. Essa classificação fornece uma compreensão aprofundada das variações nas percepções e necessidades da comunidade, o que poderia orientar estratégias e políticas específicas de gerenciamento do turismo.

Abstract The scientific literature in the field of sustainable tourism emphasizes the crucial importance of the perception of the host community in small tourist destinations, due to its significant impact on the quality perceived by tourists. The objective of this article is to examine the perception of the host community of San Juan de Churin with respect to the economic, social and environmental development derived from tourism activity. A mixed methodology with a cross-sectional design was implemented to categorize the members of the host community into hierarchical groups, based on their perception of the impact of tourism on local development. The study combined quantitative (survey with closed-ended questions) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) methods. In-depth interviews revealed a convergence between leaders and community regarding the perception of achievements and challenges of local sustainable tourism. Spearman's correlation analysis, applied to the survey results, evidenced a moderate to strong positive relationship, between the dimensions of economic, social and environmental development and the overall perception of development by the community (0.563 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.834). Hierarchical cluster analysis, combined with nonparametric analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis Test), identified groups of individuals with similar perceptions of local tourism development. This classification provides an in-depth understanding of variations in community perceptions and needs, which could guide specific tourism management strategies and policies.

Resumen Esta investigación planteó como objetivo identificar recomendaciones para reducir la contaminación visual en entornos urbanos mediante la comparación de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" de Londrina, Brasil y la "Ordenanza que Regula la Instalación de Medios Publicitarios y Propaganda Electoral en el Espacio Público y Privado" de Portoviejo, Ecuador. Se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado y comparativo, destacando similitudes y diferencias entre ambas regulaciones, subrayando la necesidad de una adecuada gestión para proteger el paisaje urbano y a los ciudadanos que lo habitan. Se sugirió la implementación de medidas derivadas de la "Ley Ciudad Limpia" en Portoviejo para lograr un mejor manejo y control sobre aspectos técnicos de la rotulación comercial y de igual manera reducir el impacto ambiental causado en los espacios públicos de la urbe.

Abstract This research aimed to identify recommendations to reduce visual pollution in urban environments by comparing the "Clean City Law" of Londrina, Brazil and the "Ordinance Regulating the Installation of Advertising Media and Electoral Propaganda in Public and Private Space" from Portoviejo, Ecuador. A detailed and comparative analysis was carried out, highlighting similarities and differences between both regulations, underlining the need for adequate management to protect the urban landscape and the citizens who inhabit it. The implementation of measures derived from the "Clean City Law" in Portoviejo was suggested to achieve better management and control over technical aspects of commercial signage and likewise reduce the environmental impact caused in the city's public spaces.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los brotes recurrentes de dengue subrayan la necesidad de abordajes más efectivos en la prevención y control de vectores. A menudo, las intervenciones se centran en un enfoque biomédico y de promoción de la salud desde un enfoque individual, sin integrar factores socioambientales ni ser evaluados científicamente Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la recolección de residuos domésticos de gran tamaño sobre potenciales criaderos de mosquitos transmisores del dengue en Asunción, Paraguay durante los años 2017 a 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, donde se encuestaron 350 hogares, como línea de base durante el 2017 y una línea de cierre en 108 hogares en 2021. Se utilizó el método de Diferencia en Diferencia (DID) para comparar la presencia de criaderos antes y después de la intervención en 43 hogares intervenidos y 65 no intervenidos. Resultados: La recolección diferenciada fue utilizada principalmente por aquellos hogares que tenían una gran cantidad de residuos sólidos de gran tamaño, pero no para deshacerse de todos estos objetos, sino sólo de una parte (DID de -52% en el número total de criaderos y DID de 1% en número de hogares con criaderos). Encontramos una reducción significativa en el número de total de criaderos de gran tamaño, pero no observamos diferencias en el número total de hogares con criaderos. Factores subjetivos, como la creencia de que los objetos en desuso podrían llegar a ser útiles en el futuro explicaban en gran medida su presencia en los hogares, incluso con el servicio disponible. Conclusiones: El enfoque de la gestión municipal en los residuos voluminosos puede contribuir a la prevención del dengue por el hecho de que no constituyen residuos de generación rápida en los hogares, y su eliminación puede tener un impacto relativamente duradero. El factor subjetivo relacionado con la presencia de estos criaderos en los hogares debe ser objeto de mayores estudios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recurrent dengue outbreaks underscore the need for more effective approaches to vector prevention and control. Often, interventions focus on a biomedical and health promotion approach from an individual approach, without integrating socio-environmental factors or being scientifically evaluated. Objetive: To evaluate the impact of large household waste collection on potential breeding sites of dengue-transmitting mosquitoes in Asuncion, Paraguay during the years 2017 to 2021. Material and methods: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, where 350 households were surveyed, as a baseline during 2017 and a closing line in 108 households in 2021. The Difference-in-Difference (DID) method was used to compare the presence of breeding sites before and after the intervention in 43 intervened and 65 non-intervened households. Results: Differentiated collection was mainly used by those households that had a large amount of large solid waste, but not to dispose of all these objects, but only part of them (DID of -52% in the total number of breeding sites and DID of 1% in the number of households with breeding sites). We found a significant reduction in the total number of large breeding sites but did not observe differences in the total number of households with breeding sites. Subjective factors, such as the belief that disused objects could become useful in the future, were largely responsible for the reduction in the number of large breeding sites. Conclusions: The municipal management approach to bulky waste can contribute to dengue prevention because it does not constitute rapidly generated waste in households, and its disposal can have a relatively long-lasting impact. The subjective factors related to the presence of these breeding sites in households warrant further study.

In the context of South Africa's water scarcity, desalination has emerged as a possible solution for coastal areas. However, the quality of the intake water for desalination is often problematic, prompting the need for pre-treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) on 4 seawater filtration systems intended for the pre-treatment of a reverse osmosis desalination project. These systems were implemented in a pilot trial and are based on modern water treatment technologies, namely, granular filtration (pressure driven and gravity driven), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and ultrafiltration (UF). For all 4 systems, data were collected for both the construction and operation phases, and LCAs were performed, resulting in environmental scores that allow for comparison based on the pre-treatment of 1 kL of seawater of the same quality. The SimaPro LCA tool and the ReCiPe midpoint method were used and environmental scores were calculated for 18 impact categories, including climate change, acidification, toxicity, eutrophication, resource depletion, etc. This methodology also allowed the identification of the highest environmental burdens/scores within each system. The most significant finding is that local electricity consumption is responsible for the greatest proportion of environmental impacts. Thus, the systems consuming more energy for operating equipment such as blowers, pumps, and mixers were found to have the highest environmental burdens. Hence, the DAF system has the highest environmental scores for most impacts, followed by the single-phase gravity filtration system, then the two-phase partial pressure filtration system and finally the UF system. Therefore, focus should shift towards energy optimisation of process units, especially the rotary ones, as well as energy mitigation and recovery strategies. The use of renewable energy for pre-treatment should also be considered locally.

Human societies depend on services provided by ecosystems, from local needs as clean water and pest control to global services like ozone layer and the ocean biological pump. Ecosystem services are intrinsically linked to the states of the ecosystem, which are, in turn, governed by a complex web of ecological interactions. These interactions and, consequently, the services they support, are increasingly under threat from environmental changes driven by human activities. Therefore, safeguarding these vital services require an understanding of how the structure and dynamics of ecological interactions are affected by environmental change. A critical step towards this goal is the development of an integrative theoretical framework that can elucidate how ecosystem services are sustained or impaired by interactions within these complex ecosystems in fluctuating environments. Recent years have seen significant progress in quantitatively characterizing the organization and the dynamics of ecological interactions through the study of ecological networks. However, linking temporally varying network structure in fluctuating environments, the seascapes of ecological networks, and their impact on ecosystem services remains a challenge. We propose an approach based upon merging empirical ecological network analysis with Boolean functions and modeling techniques accounting for fluctuating environments to tackle how ecosystem services are affected by the changing structure and dynamics of ecological networks. The approach aims to contribute to the study of how the organization of ecological interactions affects the persistence of ecosystem services. Specifically, we discuss how this approach can be used provide new insights into how environmental change affect the relationship between ecological networks and ecosystem services. The combination of information on ecosystem services, Boolean networks and fluctuating environments might allow to enhance the research around conservation strategies for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in the face of ongoing environmental change.

Abstract The increase in world population and the demand for technologies have exponentially increased the consumption of mineral resources, putting their availability for future generations at risk. The objective of this study is to know the state of academic production on resource scarcity and evaluate its consequences on exploitation, sustainability and technological development. A systematized bibliographic review was developed using the Scopus, WoS and SciELO databases. 57 documents were analyzed that cover topics such as the environmental impact of extraction, reuse strategies, criticality evaluations and regulatory policies for mining activity. It is concluded that the main factors of resource scarcity are related to the lack of regulations, the growing demand for new technologies and discrepancy in criticality estimation methods. There is a need to look for extraction alternatives and promote material recovery strategies.

Resumen El incremento de la población mundial y la demanda de tecnologías han aumentado de manera exponencial el consumo de recursos minerales, poniendo en riesgo su disponibilidad para las generaciones futuras. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo conocer el estado de la producción académica sobre la escasez de recursos y evaluar sus consecuencias en la explotación, la sostenibilidad y el desarrollo tecnológico. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada usando las bases de datos Scopus, WoS y SciELO. Se analizaron 57 documentos que abordan temáticas como el impacto ambiental de la extracción, estrategias de reutilización, evaluaciones de criticidad y políticas de regulación de la actividad minera. Se concluye que los principales factores de la escasez de recursos están relacionados con la falta de normativa, la creciente demanda de nuevas tecnologías y discrepancia en los métodos de estimación de criticidad. Se advierte la necesidad de buscar alternativas de extracción y fomentar estrategias de recuperación de materiales.

Abstract There is extensive literature on the motivations of various investors to integrate environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) factors into their strategies. However, studies on this subject focus on developed markets. They do not explain with evidence whether these factors, if absent, significantly affect the valuation of financial instruments, such as stocks or bonds issued by companies. Thus, the study analyzes and demonstrates with statistical evidence that the controversies associated with ESG factors and related to shares in the Mexican market are yet to be integrated into the corresponding valuations.

Resumen Existe una amplia literatura sobre las motivaciones que llevan a diversos inversionistas a integrar factores ambientales, sociales y de gobierno corporativo (ASG) en sus estrategias; sin embargo, los estudios sobre esta temática se centran en los mercados desarrollados y no detallan con evidencia si estos factores, a través de las potenciales controversias que generan en su ausencia, tienen efectos significativos en la valoración de instrumentos financieros, por ej., acciones o bo nos emitidos por empresas. Por esta razón, el presente estudio analiza y demuestra con evidencia estadística que las controversias asociadas a factores ASG y relacionadas con las acciones en el mercado mexicano aún no se encuentran integradas en las valuaciones correspondientes.

The categorization of artisanal and small-scale mining has a significant impact on perception and understanding of the sector, particularly from a livelihood perspective. Several developing countries classify different types of artisanal and small-scale mining based on legal status. Given the nature such activities, the tragedy of the commons theory has been applied to understand the inevitable environmental, economic, sociocultural, safety, and health negative externalities - which are products of informality and illegality. Consequently, formalization is a panacea to sustainability. This article aims to offer a conceptual organization and foundational knowledge for characterization of artisanal and small-scale mining. It seeks to identify existing literature on the subject to avoid replication and acknowledge other scholars. Moreover, the article aims to place the study within the context of existing literature, establishing relationships with other studies and why the research is necessary. This paper pinpoints gaps left from other studies in so far as the characterization of artisanal and small-scale mining is concerned. Thus, reviewing literature abetted in finding similarities and differences on how artisanal and small-scale mining is defined from a scholarly and legal basis. The paper ascertains major claims made by earlier research on this topic, such as environmental impacts, the lack of adequate regulatory framework, and presents querying and probing questions lacking from other studies.

Resumen Las patologías infecciosas han constituido una de las principales causas de muerte en las sociedades prehistóricas. Su estudio permite conocer el impacto en las dinámicas poblacionales e investigar los patrones de adaptación frente al surgimiento de nuevos patógenos y sus mutaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una primera aproximación al análisis de procesos infecciosos en restos bioarqueológicos del Holoceno Tardío (desde ca. 4200 años cal AP hasta el presente) en ambientes de altura y planicies de las provincias de Mendoza y Córdoba (Argentina). Los grupos que ocuparon estas áreas presentan particularidades respecto a su organización social, pero comparten similitudes en los modos de vida y las estrategias de subsistencia, basados en la caza-recolección a comienzos del período, con incorporación de la horticultura hacia momentos finales. Se realizó el análisis paleopatológico de 75 individuos adultos de ambos sexos, mediante la observación macroscópica y el registro sistemático de lesiones óseas. Se calcularon frecuencias por sexo, edad, criterios cronológicos (pre y post 1000/1200 años AP) y ambientales (Sierras/Llanuras y Planicies/Montañas). El 48% de los individuos de la muestra presentó lesiones que podrían asociarse a patologías infecciosas, de los cuales el 46% corresponde a Mendoza y el 58,3% a Córdoba. Se observan mayores prevalencias para Mendoza a inicios del Holoceno Tardío, así como en momentos finales del período para Córdoba; en términos geográficos/ambientales, los grupos que habitaron la zona de Sierras en Córdoba y la Planicie de Mendoza registraron mayores porcentajes de afectación. Estos resultados se discuten según el modelo de transiciones epidemiológicas. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 076, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e076

Abstrct Infectious diseases have been one of the main causes of death in prehistoric populations. Their study reveals their impact on population dynamics and enables research on patterns of adaptation to the emergence of new pathogens and their mutations. The aim of this work is to present a first approach to the analysis of infectious diseases in bioarchaeological remains from the Late Holocene (from ca. 4200 cal years BP to the present) in high altitude and lowland environments of Mendoza and Córdoba (Argentina). The groups that inhabited these areas present differences regarding their social organization, but they share similarities in lifestyle and subsistence strategies, based on hunting-gathering at the beginning of the period, and the introduction of horticulture towards the end of the Holocene. Paleopathological analysis of 75 adult individuals of both sexes was carried out. Macroscopic observation and systemic recording of bone lesions were performed. Frequencies were calculated by sex, age, chronological (pre and post 1000/1200 years BP), and environmental criteria (Highlands/Lowlands and Plains/Mountains). Forty-eight percent of the total sample presented lesions possibly associated with infectious pathologies; 46% were from Mendoza and 58.3% from Córdoba. Higher prevalences are observed for Mendoza at the beginning of the Late Holocene and for Córdoba at the end of the period. Regarding environmental aspects, the groups that inhabited the Sierras area in Córdoba and the Mendoza Plain registered higher prevalences. These results are discussed in relation to the epidemiological transitions model. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 076, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e076

Abstract Sustainable Corporate Finance is an important mechanism to address the climate crisis and its adverse effects on society and the environment. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria have been proposed and implemented as a normative evaluation framework for companies in multiple sectors. However, ESG studies are not yet fully conclusive, but they serve to incorporate more than economic criteria to investment decisions in companies, and in this way, to focus on responsible investments. Among a variety of criteria, corporate responsibility and diversity in top management positions have gained significance today. Given this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the effect of including women in top leadership positions within high-cap companies and their impact on ESG indicators, with a particular focus on organizations in the industrial sector. A longitudinal study was conducted using balanced panel data of the companies that make up the Standard and Poor's 500, linear regression with random effects was estimated, as well as impact analysis using the Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID). The results show a slight increase in the participation of women in top management (CEO), particularly in the last years (2020-2022). In addition, there is a statistically positive incidence between the participation of a female CEO in a better performance of the ESG indicators of the companies, with an impact of 0.2401 points, being the environmental criterion the most impacted with 0.6522 points.

Resumen Las finanzas corporativas sustentables son un mecanismo importante para hacer frente a la crisis climática y sus efectos adversos a la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Particularmente, se han propuesto e implementado los indicadores Ambiental, Social y Gobierno (ESG, por sus siglas en inglés) como un marco normativo de evaluación para las empresas de múltiples sectores. Los estudios realizados en materia de ESG aun no son concluyentes del todo, pero sirven para incorporar más que criterios económicos a las decisiones de inversión en las empresas y, de esta forma, orientarse en las inversiones responsables. Entre una variedad de criterios, la responsabilidad corporativa y la diversidad en posiciones de alta dirección ha cobrado relevancia en la actualidad. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la inclusión de mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo de alta dirección en las empresas de alta capitalización y su impacto en los indicadores ESG, realizando un especial énfasis en las organizaciones del sector industrial. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal a través de datos panel balanceados de las empresas que componen el índice Standard & Poor's 500, se estimó la regresión lineal con efectos aleatorios, así como del análisis de impacto mediante la Estimación Sintética de las Diferencias (SDID). Los resultados muestran un leve incremento en la participación de las mujeres en los altos mandos (CEO), particularmente en los últimos años (2020-2022). Además, existe una incidencia estadísticamente positiva entre la participación de una mujer CEO en un mejor desempeño de los indicadores ESG de las empresas, con un impacto de 0.2401 puntos, siendo el indicador ambiental el mayor impactado, con 0.6522 puntos.