Abstract (Introduction): The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Latin America. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. (Objective): We evaluated this technique’s efficacy and economic and environmental viability for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. (Methodology): To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. (Results): It was confirmed that applying a 40 % lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). (Conclusions): Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated in the country and the Latin-American region, considering the risk associated to the presence of heavy metals too.

Resumen (Introducción): La búsqueda de técnicas y modelos de gestión del lodo generado durante el tratamiento de las aguas residuales es necesaria para garantizar un saneamiento sostenible a mediano plazo en América Latina. Una vía interesante consiste en convertir el lodo en un biosólido aprovechable en la agricultura por medio de la higienización alcalina. (Objetivo): Se evaluó la eficacia y la viabilidad económica y ambiental de esta técnica para la obtención de un biosólido tipo A aprovechable en la agricultura a partir de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ordinaria. (Metodología): Para ello se probó experimentalmente en escala de laboratorio la eficacia en el decaimiento de parámetros microbiológicos higienizados con cal viva, usando lodo anaeróbico y aeróbico de PTAR. Los resultados experimentales alimentaron un modelo de análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida. (Resultados): Pudo corroborarse que la aplicación de dosis de cal de 40 % permitió obtener un biosólido tipo A con concentraciones de microorganismos patógenos no detectables, lo cual se mantuvo en esa condición por más de 30 días. Además, el análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida permitieron concluir que esta opción sería más atractiva que la disposición del lodo en un relleno sanitario, debido al ahorro correspondiente en compuestos químicos (fertilizantes o cal agrícola) derivado de su aprovechamiento. (Conclusiones): Por lo tanto, la técnica de higienización alcalina puede considerarse como adecuada para la gestión del lodo de PTAR y su aplicación a mayor escala debe investigarse en mayor detalle en el país y la región latinoamericana, considerando también el riesgo de presencia de metales pesados en este subproducto.

Abstract (Introduction): Sustainability evaluation has been increasingly recognized as a crucial diagnostic strategy for promoting sustainable development, particularly by addressing critical environmental concerns such as urban solid waste management in Latin American cities. Within this context, situated waste management strategies focus on promoting the valorization of recyclables as a cornerstone of the circular economy and inclusive recycling initiatives. (Objective): This study introduces a methodological framework employing a set of indicators to evaluate the valorization of recyclables across political, economic, social, and ecological dimensions of sustainability. The framework is applied specifically to Mar del Plata, Argentina, as a representative case study of an intermediate city. (Methodology): The study adopts a systemic, interdisciplinary perspective, employing a multimethod approach that integrates primary and secondary data sources. (Results): The proposed methodology considers four dimensions of sustainability and 18 indicators, each classified into three assessment levels. In Mar del Plata, the lowest scores are associated with source separation practices, the integration of waste pickers into the formal labor market, and the equitable distribution of power and control within the value chain at both local and global levels. (Conclusions): The proposed indicators offer a guide for enhancing the diagnosis and management of urban solid waste in intermediate cities, focusing on the valorization of recyclables and aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the local level.

Resumen (Introducción): La evaluación de la sustentabilidad adquiere un reconocimiento cada vez mayor como una estrategia de diagnóstico para avanzar hacia el desarrollo sustentable, pues da respuesta a preocupaciones ambientales relevantes en las ciudades latinoamericanas, como es la gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos. En ese marco, las estrategias de gestión de residuos situadas se orientan a promover la valorización de reciclables como un eje central de la economía circular y del reciclaje inclusivo. (Objetivo): Desarrollar una propuesta metodológica de indicadores para evaluar la valorización de reciclables desde las dimensiones política, económica, social y ecológica de la sustentabilidad de manera situada en una ciudad intermedia, tomando como caso la ciudad de Mar del Plata, Argentina. (Metodología): Se asume una perspectiva sistémica, interdisciplinaria y un enfoque multimetódico sostenido en fuentes primarias y secundarias de información. (Resultados): La metodología parte de considerar cuatro dimensiones de la sustentabilidad con 18 indicadores de evaluación que contienen tres rangos. En Mar del Plata, los valores más bajos se relacionan con la separación en origen, la inserción laboral de recuperadores y el balance de poder y control en la cadena de valor locales y globales. (Conclusiones): Los indicadores propuestos constituyen una guía para profundizar en el diagnóstico y gestión de los residuos sólidos urbanos en una ciudad intermedia a partir de la valorización de reciclables, en línea con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible previstos en la escala local.

Abstract This study evaluates the effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Transformer-based models in predicting the Air Quality Index (AQI). Accurate AQI prediction is critical for mitigating the significant health impacts of air pollution and plays a vital role in public health protection and environmental management. The research compares traditional RNN models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks, with advanced Transformer architectures. Data were collected from a weather station in Cuenca, Ecuador, focusing on key pollutants such as CO,NO2,O3, PM2.5, and SO2. Model performance was assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R2). The findings reveal that the LSTM model achieved superior performance, with an R2 of 0.701, an RMSE of 0.087, and an MAE of 0.056, demonstrating superior capability in capturing temporal dependencies within complex datasets. Conversely, while Transformerbased models exhibited potential, they were less effective in handling intricate time-series data, resulting in comparatively lower accuracy. These results position the LSTM model as the most reliable approach for AQI prediction, offering an optimal balance between predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. This research contributes to improving AQI forecasting and underscores the importance of timely interventions to mitigate the harmful effects of air pollution.

Resumen Este estudio evalúa la eficacia de las redes neuronales recurrentes (RNN) y los modelos basados en transformadores para predecir el índice de calidad del aire (ICA). La investigación compara los modelos RNN tradicionales, incluidos los de memoria a corto y largo plazo (LSTM) y la unidad recurrente controlada (GRU), con arquitecturas avanzadas de transformadores. El estudio utiliza datos de una estación meteorológica en Cuenca, Ecuador, centrándose en contaminantes como CO,NO2,O3, PM2.5 y SO2. Para evaluar el rendimiento de los modelos, se utilizaron métricas clave como el error cuadrático medio (RMSE), el error absoluto medio (MAE) y el coeficiente de determinación (R2). Los resultados del estudio muestran que el modelo LSTM fue el más preciso, alcanzando un R2 de 0,701, un RMSE de 0,087 y un MAE de 0,056. Esto lo convierte en la mejor opción para capturar dependencias temporales en los datos de series temporales complejas. En comparación, los modelos basados en transformadores demostraron tener potencial, pero no lograron la misma precisión que los modelos LSTM, especialmente en datos temporales más complicados. El estudio concluye que el LSTM es más eficaz en la predicción del ICA, equilibrando tanto la precisión como la eficiencia computacional, o que podría ayudar en intervenciones para mitigar la contaminación del aire.

ABSTRACT Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) exhibits remarkable adaptability to different agroecological conditions, but there are still challenges in introducing it to new environments, especially those in northern latitudes. This study investigates the impact of genotype, season, sowing density (5 and 10 cm between plants), and their interaction on agro-morphological traits of quinoa cultivars (Puno and Titicaca). Seasonal variations, primarily influenced by precipitation, significantly affected all analyzed traits (plant height, number of side branches and flower branches, biomass and grain yield per plant) with the highest values recorded in a favorable season. The season factor had the greatest influence in the variation of grain yield, with a share of 89.7% in the total variation. Grain yield per plant was 31.41 g in the favorable season compared to 14.64 g in the less favorable season. The significance of the Genotype × Season interaction in variation of plant height, number of side branches and biomass production per plant, as well as the significance of the Season × Sowing density interaction in biomass production, highlighted the importance of these factors to optimize cultivation practices and increase quinoa productivity in different environmental conditions. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the interrelationships among agro-morphological traits, where in less favorable environments grain yield was most closely related to biomass, number of side branches and number of flower branches. Lower sowing density (10 cm between plants) may be more favorable for achieving high values across all analyzed traits, particularly increasing the number of flower branches (16.75 at lower density and 14.61 at higher density). The ‘Puno’ genotype stands out with a pronounced adaptability to less favorable environmental conditions, especially at lower sowing density. In contrast, the ‘Titicaca’ genotype stands out for its high biomass production, especially in the second season (74.9 g).

Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive review of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF Nexus) approach in the context of Latin America, with an emphasis on rural development through the implementation of sustainable energy in remote areas. The WEF Nexus approach has become a crucial tool for managing resources in isolated and vulnerable areas. This study provides context to the energy scenario in these regions and details the methods and materials used in a literature review, highlighting existing knowledge on WEF Nexus integration in rural development projects and its importance in addressing socio-economic and environmental challenges in isolated communities. This is concluded by providing a diagnosis of WEF Nexus conditions in non-interconnected areas of Colombia as a representative example of the region, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches and posing new questions for future research, including aspects of implementation and long-term evaluation of the impact of these interventions.

Resumen: Este estudio proporciona una revisión exhaustiva del enfoque del Agua-Energía-Alimento (WEF Nexus) en el contexto de América Latina, con un énfasis en el desarrollo rural a través de la implementación de energía sostenible en zonas remotas. El enfoque WEF Nexus se ha consolidado como una herramienta esencial para gestionar los recursos en áreas aisladas y vulnerables. Se contextualiza la situación energética en América Latina y se detallan los métodos y materiales utilizados en la revisión de la literatura, destacando el conocimiento sobre la integración del enfoque WEF Nexus en proyectos de desarrollo rural y su importancia para abordar desafíos socioeconómicos y ambientales en comunidades aisladas. Se concluye examinando el diagnóstico de las condiciones WEF Nexus en las zonas no interconectadas de Colombia, subrayando la necesidad de enfoques holísticos y planteando nuevas preguntas para investigaciones futuras, incluyendo aspectos de implementación y evaluación a largo plazo del impacto de estas intervenciones.

RESUMO O turismo responsável exige ações igualmente responsáveis de operadores de turismo, governos, residentes e turistas. A teoria das cenas diz respeito aos esforços para a construção de belos ambientes naturais e culturais, oferecendo recursos adequados para as várias partes interessadas atuando nos quarteirões urbanos e permitindo que turistas e residentes desfrutem de qualidade de vida e de uma experiência ambiental restauradora profunda e de longo prazo. Ao mesmo tempo, o estudo também fornece aos gestores de quarteirões urbanos um recurso estratégico de desenvolvimento responsável e sustentável que considera de maneira abrangente os benefícios econômicos e sociais do desenvolvimento local. Este artigo examina uma amostra de 53 quarteirões culturais urbanos chineses, coleta comentários de turistas relacionados a esses espaços para classificá-los e organizá-los, extrai palavras-chave de materiais de avaliação de turistas e obtém tendências de demanda de mercado em diferentes dimensões da teoria das cenas. Em seguida, oferecemos sugestões de desenvolvimento para que esses quarteirões possam criar cenas que fortaleçam as áreas em termos de legitimidade, autenticidade e teatralidade da forma como delineado pela teoria das cenas.

ABSTRACT Responsible tourism requires responsible behavior on the part of tourism operators, governments, local residents, and tourists. Scene theory pertains to efforts to build beautiful natural and cultural environments, offering resources for stakeholders in urban blocks and enabling tourists and residents to have restorative environmental experiences that can improve their quality of life. Taking a sample of 53 urban cultural blocks in China, this study collected comments from tourists about the blocks for classification and organization, extracted keywords from tourist evaluation materials, and assessed market demand trends in different dimensions of scene theory. Based on the findings, we offer development suggestions that can help urban blocks create scenes that improve the areas in terms of legitimacy, authenticity, and theatricality. This scene theory-based approach can provide urban block managers with a responsible, sustainable strategic resource that fully considers the social and economic benefits of local development.

RESUMEN El turismo responsable requiere un comportamiento responsable por parte de los operadores turísticos, los gobiernos, los residentes locales y los turistas. La teoría de la escena se refiere a los esfuerzos por crear entornos naturales y culturales hermosos, ofrecer recursos a las partes interesadas en los bloques urbanos y permitir que turistas y residentes tengan experiencias ambientales restauradoras que puedan mejorar su calidad de vida. Tomando una muestra de 53 bloques culturales urbanos en China, este estudio recopiló comentarios de los turistas sobre los bloques para su clasificación y organización, extrajo palabras clave de los materiales de evaluación turística y evaluó las tendencias de la demanda del mercado en diferentes dimensiones de la teoría de la escena. Con base en los hallazgos, ofrecemos sugerencias de desarrollo que pueden ayudar a los bloques urbanos a crear escenas que mejoren las áreas en términos de legitimidad, autenticidad y teatralidad. Este enfoque basado en la teoría de la escena puede proporcionar a los administradores de los bloques urbanos un recurso estratégico responsable y sostenible que considere plenamente los beneficios sociales y económicos del desarrollo local.

ABSTRACT Sustainable pavement construction is essential for promoting ecological balance and reducing the environmental impact of infrastructure projects. This study investigates the viability of partially replacing conventional fine aggregate (river sand) with steel slag in proportions ranging from 10% to 100% by volume for pavement quality concrete (PQC). The mechanical properties of PQC were evaluated following IRC standards, with a focus on compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and fatigue performance. Additionally, the study assessed the concrete’s abrasion resistance and skid resistance, critical for ensuring durability and road safety. The experimental results demonstrated that incorporating steel slag as a fine aggregate replacement significantly enhances the mechanical performance of PQC. A mix containing 40% steel slag exhibited optimal improvements in compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths, alongside superior resistance to wear and skid. These findings indicate that steel slag, when used in appropriate proportions, can enhance both the durability and safety of concrete pavements. The study highlights the potential of steel slag as a sustainable and resource-efficient alternative to conventional materials in pavement construction, contributing to environmental sustainability and improved infrastructure performance.

ABSTRACT Concrete is the most used construction material, which results in harmful impacts on the environment due to the consumption of natural resources. Hence the need to use alternative materials, e.g., waste from the construction sector and even from other production sectors. This context includes the development of concrete with sustainable functionality, such as pervious concrete with the incorporation of waste foundry sand (WFS), a waste generated by the foundry sector. However, there is a scientific gap focusing on the environmental viability of pervious concretes. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the toxicity of pevious concretes with WFS, through germination tests with Eruca sativa (arugula) and Triticum aestivum (wheat) seeds. The statistical analysis of the results showed that there was no significant harmful effect from the incorporation of WFS on the germination rate for both seeds used. Regarding root growth, it was observed that WFS II concrete (>% Portland cement) had a lower impact on arugula seeds (more sensitive). Therefore, the pervious concrete with WFS developed was found to be safe in relation to phytotoxicity.

RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar o sistema de Vigilância em Saúde das Populações Expostas a Substâncias Químicas (Vigipeq) no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2021. Métodos. Foram avaliados atributos qualitativos (simplicidade de uso; aceitabilidade/engajamento de pessoas e instituições na vigilância; flexibilidade/capacidade de adaptação; e utilidade/cumprimento dos objetivos aos quais o sistema se propõe) utilizando um questionário semiestruturado e anônimo respondido por representantes das vigilâncias em saúde ambiental nas capitais. Os atributos quantitativos sensibilidade (detecção de casos), representatividade (geração de informações precisas sobre eventos quanto a tempo, lugar e pessoa) e valor preditivo positivo (VPP, eventos verdadeiros de áreas contaminadas e populações expostas) foram derivados do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância em Saúde de Populações Expostas a Solo Contaminado. As intoxicações exógenas foram extraídas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Resultados. De 2011 a 2021, houve 16 029 intoxicações exógenas e 17 753 registros de áreas contaminadas/potencialmente contaminadas no Brasil. Conforme os questionários, o sistema Vigipeq é complexo, pouco flexível e tem baixa aceitabilidade. Entretanto, a sensibilidade para reconhecer exposição foi elevada. Os VPP para detectar tanto áreas contaminadas quanto populações expostas e potencialmente expostas e contaminadas foram baixos. O cumprimento dos objetivos demonstrou a utilidade da Vigipeq. Conclusões. A Vigipeq é útil, porém pode melhorar quanto a aspectos operacionais de uso e direcionamento dos dados obtidos. O monitoramento de ações de vigilância em saúde ambiental pode ser otimizado pelo estabelecimento de indicadores de desempenho e implementação de ferramentas de previsão e intervenção em eventos futuros.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el sistema de Vigilancia de la Salud de la Población Expuesta a Sustancias Químicas (VIGIPEQ) de Brasil en el período 2011-2021. Método. Se evaluaron los atributos cualitativos (sencillez de uso, aceptabilidad y compromiso de las personas y de las instituciones con la vigilancia, flexibilidad y capacidad de adaptación, y utilidad y cumplimiento de los objetivos del sistema) mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado y anónimo respondido por representantes del ámbito de la vigilancia de la salud ambiental en las ciudades capitales. Los atributos cuantitativos, como sensibilidad (detección de casos), representatividad (generación de información precisa sobre eventos en términos de tiempo, lugar y persona) y valor predictivo positivo (eventos verdaderos en zonas contaminadas y población expuesta) se obtuvieron del sistema de información de vigilancia de la salud de la población expuesta a suelos contaminados. La información sobre las intoxicaciones exógenas se extrajo del sistema de información sobre enfermedades de notificación obligatoria. Resultados. En el período 2011-2021, hubo 16 029 intoxicaciones exógenas y 17 753 registros de zonas contaminadas o potencialmente contaminadas en Brasil. Según las respuestas al cuestionario, el sistema VIGIPEQ es complejo, poco flexible y poco aceptable. Sin embargo, la sensibilidad del sistema para reconocer la exposición fue alta. Los valores predictivos positivos para detectar tanto las zonas contaminadas como la población expuesta y potencialmente expuesta e intoxicada fueron bajos. El cumplimiento de los objetivos demostró la utilidad del sistema VIGIPEQ. Conclusiones. El sistema VIGIPEQ es útil, aunque podrían mejorarse algunos aspectos operativos de su utilización y la orientación de los datos obtenidos. El seguimiento de las actividades de vigilancia de la salud medioambiental se puede optimizar mediante el establecimiento de indicadores de desempeño y la aplicación de herramientas de previsión e intervención en eventos futuros.

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate the system for Health Surveillance of Populations Exposed to Chemical Substances (Vigipeq) in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Methods. Qualitative attributes (simplicity; acceptability, or engagement of individuals and institutions in surveillance; flexibility; and utility, or achievement of system objectives) were assessed using a semi-structured and anonymous questionnaire completed by representatives of environmental health surveillance agencies in capital cities. Quantitative attributes, including sensitivity (case detection), representativeness (generation of accurate information about events in terms of time, place, and person), and positive predictive value (PPV, true events of contaminated areas and exposed populations), were derived from the Health Surveillance Information System for Populations Exposed to Contaminated Soil. Data on exogenous intoxications were sourced from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System. Results. Between 2011 and 2021, 16 029 cases of exogenous intoxication and 17 753 contaminated or potentially contaminated areas were recorded in Brazil. According to the questionnaire responses, Vigipeq was considered complex, inflexible, and had low acceptability. However, its sensitivity to detect exposures was high. The PPVs for identifying contaminated areas as well as exposed and potentially exposed populations were low. The system demonstrated utility in achieving its objectives. Conclusions. Vigipeq is a useful tool but requires improvements in its operational aspects and in the application of the data it generates. Monitoring of environmental health surveillance actions can be optimized by establishing performance indicators and implementing tools to support forecasting and intervention in future events.

Os avanços da indústria de petróleo estiveram associados a grandes desastres envolvendo derramamento do material em campos marítimos, impactando negativamente a vida e o ambiente. Considera-se a importância do acompanhamento e da avaliação desses eventos, a partir de instrumentos variados, sobre três eixos de investigação: a saúde; o ambiente; e a situação socioeconômica das populações expostas. Desse modo, pretendeu-se mapear, por meio de uma revisão de escopo, as evidências científicas envolvendo a aplicação desses instrumentos sobre os impactos de derramamentos de petróleo. Foram utilizadas diferentes bases de dados e idiomas para a busca dos trabalhos. Os dados foram revisados por dupla de pesquisadores, que realizaram a avaliação qualitativa. Para a síntese dos resultados, foram considerados 45 estudos distribuídos entre os tipos observacionais sem grupo controle, de coorte com grupo controle e transversais, com predomínio daqueles voltados para o eixo saúde (n = 39; 86,66%) e com método de entrevista (n = 29; 64,44%). Foram identificados 75 registros de instrumentos utilizados, com escalas do tipo Likert, escalas combinadas e padrões de respostas livres. Ademais, observou-se a carência de estudos com investigação nos eixos ambiental e socioeconômico, sobretudo de forma integrada. Ao fim, considera-se a importância de novas pesquisas que incluam características essenciais dos instrumentos (consistência, confiabilidade, fidedignidade, adaptações transculturais) para a possibilidade de construir matrizes multidimensionais de acompanhamento de desastres motivados pela ação humana, facilitando tomadas de decisões na elaboração de políticas e ações governamentais.

Los avances en la industria petrolera están asociados a grandes desastres que involucran derrames en campos marítimos, con repercusiones negativas en la vida y en el medioambiente. Es importante monitorear y evaluar estos eventos a partir de diversas herramientas divididas en tres ejes de investigación: la salud; el medioambiente; y la situación socioeconómica de las poblaciones expuestas. A partir de una revisión de alcance, este estudio pretende mapear la evidencia científica sobre la aplicación de estas herramientas acerca de los impactos de los derrames de petróleo. Se utilizaron diferentes bases de datos e idiomas en la búsqueda de estudios. Los datos fueron revisados por dos investigadores, quienes realizaron la evaluación cualitativa. Para la síntesis de los resultados se consideraron 45 estudios distribuidos entre observacionales sin grupo control, de cohorte con grupo control y transversales, con predominio en el eje salud (n = 39; 86,66%) y como método la entrevista (n = 29; 64,44%). Se identificaron 75 registros de herramientas utilizadas, con escalas Likert, escalas combinadas y patrones de respuesta libre. Además, se observó la falta de estudios centrados en los ejes ambiental y socioeconómico, sobre todo de manera integrada. Por último, se destaca la importancia de que futuras investigaciones incluyan características esenciales de los instrumentos (consistencia, confiabilidad, fiabilidad, adaptaciones transculturales) para que se construyan matrices multidimensionales de monitoreo de desastres causados por la acción humana, facilitando la toma de decisiones en la elaboración de políticas y acciones gubernamentales.

Advances in the oil industry have been associated with major disasters involving oil spills in offshore fields, negatively impacting life and the environment. We considered the importance of monitoring and evaluating these events, using various instruments, according to three research axes: health; the environment; and the socioeconomic situation of exposed populations. Thus, the objective was to survey, through a scoping review, scientific evidence involving the application of these instruments to assess the impacts of oil spills. Different databases and languages were used to search for the works. The data were reviewed by a pair of researchers, who carried out the qualitative evaluation. For synthesis of the results, we considered 45 studies distributed among observational studies with no control group, cohort studies with control group, and cross-sectional studies, with a predominance of studies focused on the health axis (n = 39; 86.66%) and with interview method (n = 29; 64.44%). We found 75 records of instruments used, with Likert-type scales, combined scales and free response patterns. In addition, there was a gap in studies on the environmental and socioeconomic axes, especially in an integrated manner. Finally, we considered the importance of new research including essential characteristics of the instruments (consistency, reliability, faithfulness, cross-cultural adaptations) for the possibility of building multidimensional matrices to monitor disasters caused by human action, facilitating decision-making in the formulation of government policies and actions.

Este ensaio tem como objetivo discutir a caminhada e o uso da bicicleta como deslocamento na população brasileira. Evidências científicas oriundas principalmente de países de alta renda mostram tanto contribuições para a saúde das pessoas, apontando que essas atividades físicas podem compor parte importante do cotidiano e contribuem na prevenção de doenças, como para a saúde das cidades, com a diminuição da poluição do ar e sonora e dos problemas provocados pelo excesso de veículos automotores. Discutimos as formas de mensuração em inquéritos nacionais e as novas tecnologias que vêm sendo utilizadas. Análises de tendência mostram uma queda nesse tipo de atividade física entre adultos que vivem nas capitais brasileiras, mas como a caminhada e o uso da bicicleta são analisadas conjuntamente, as interpretações ficam prejudicadas, limitando também o estudo de fatores associados aos diferentes tipos de deslocamentos. Mostramos que algumas capitais brasileiras estão evoluindo no aumento de estruturas ambientais, mas indicadores populacionais mostram que grupos de menor nível socioeconômico têm menos acessos. Discutimos o quanto essas atividades ainda são praticadas por necessidade e sem possibilidades de escolhas no Brasil, onde os custos do transporte ainda são altos e os ambientes, iníquos. No entanto, como a maioria dos estudos no Brasil são transversais, a avaliação dos possíveis efeitos na saúde e a influência de variáveis sociais e de mudanças ambientais nesse comportamento fica prejudicada. Novos inquéritos populacionais e estudos longitudinais que embasem políticas são essenciais para a promoção da caminhada e do uso da bicicleta como deslocamento.

Este ensayo tiene como objetivo discutir la caminata y el uso de la bicicleta como medio de desplazamiento en la población brasileña. La evidencia científica de países principalmente de altos ingresos muestra contribuciones tanto a la salud de las personas, señalando que estas actividades físicas pueden ser una parte importante de la vida diaria y ayudar en la prevención de enfermedades, como a la salud de las ciudades, mediante la reducción de la contaminación atmosférica y acústica y los problemas causados por el exceso de vehículos de motor. Se discuten las formas de medición en las encuestas nacionales y las nuevas tecnologías que se han utilizado. Los análisis de tendencias muestran una caída en este tipo de actividad física entre los adultos que viven en las capitales brasileñas, pero a medida que se analizan en conjunto la caminata y el uso de la bicicleta, las interpretaciones se ven afectadas, lo que también limita el estudio de los factores asociados con diferentes tipos de desplazamientos. Algunas capitales brasileñas experimentan una evolución en el aumento de las estructuras ambientales, pero los indicadores de población muestran que los grupos de menor nivel socioeconómico todavía tienen menos acceso. Se discuten cómo estas actividades en Brasil aún se practican por necesidad y sin elección cuyos costos de transporte siguen siendo altos y los entornos son poco equitativos. La mayoría de los estudios en Brasil son transversales, lo que afecta la evaluación de los posibles efectos sobre la salud y la influencia de las variables sociales y los cambios ambientales en este comportamiento. Las nuevas encuestas de población y los estudios longitudinales que apoyan las políticas son esenciales para fomentar la caminata y el uso de la bicicleta como medio de desplazamiento.

This essay aims to discuss walking and cycling as a means of transportation for the Brazilian population. Scientific evidence (mainly from high-income countries) shows their contributions to people’s health, pointing out that these physical activities can constitute an important part of daily life and contribute to preventing diseases and to the health of municipalities by reducing air and noise pollution and the problems due to the excess of motor vehicles. We discuss the forms of measurement in national surveys and the new technologies that have been used. Trend analyses show a decrease in this type of physical activity in adults living in Brazilian capitals. However, analyzing walking and cycling together impairs interpretations and limits the study of factors associated with different types of commuting. We show that some Brazilian capitals are increasing their environmental structures, but population indicators show that groups of lower socioeconomic levels have less access to the. We discuss how much these activities are still practiced out of necessity − rather than out of choice − in Brazil due to transportation costs that remain high and unequal environments. However, most studies in Brazil being cross-sectional impairs the evaluation of possible effects on health and the influence of social variables and environmental changes on this behavior. New population surveys and longitudinal studies that support policies are essential to promote walking and cycling as a means of transportation.

ORIENTATION: This study investigated the linkage between Green Human Resource Management Practices (GHRMP) and organisational sustainability (OS). RESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of GHRMP on OS with the mediating effect of green knowledge sharing (GKS). MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: This research is pioneering in the Pakistani context, representing the significance of GHRMP in fostering OS. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This research employed survey questionnaire, and, using purposive sampling, data were collected from 420 managerial-level employees working in the textile industry of Pakistan. Data analysis was done using structural equation modelling with the use of Smart Partial Least Squares 4.0 software. MAIN FINDINGS: The study established a positive direct relationship between GHRMP and OS and also between GHRMP and GKS. This study also revealed that GKS has a significant mediation role in the relationship between GHRMP and OS PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Managers in the textile sector can prioritise hiring individuals who value and possess skills in OS. They can implement training programmes that focus on sustainability practices like waste reduction and energy conservation. Managers can integrate environmental criteria into performance evaluation which motivates employees to prioritise sustainability in their roles. Top management support for GHRMP builds competencies that enhance environmental performance. Organisations aiming for sustainability should implement GHRMP at both organisational and individual levels to foster eco-friendly actions across the workforce. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The study provides useful recommendations for organisations on environmental issues especially in an emerging economy like Pakistan. It also innovatively examines the ways by which GHRMP can enhance OS in the textile sector of Punjab, Pakistan, where extensive industrialisation and environmental pollution are evident. Future research could discover additional dimensions of this concept with various mediators and moderators in different geographical contexts.

Phosphate species can affect aquatic ecosystems, as excess of this nutrient can cause eutrophication, generating environmental impacts. Lamellar double hydroxides have shown promise in removing phosphate at low concentrations (10-50 mg L 1). In this context, lamellar double hydroxides were synthesized interspersed with nitrates and humic substances, searching for a new product that favors phosphorus adsorption. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of characteristic peaks of lamellar double hydroxides and thermogravimetric analysis showed the decomposition behavior of lamellar structure. The adsorption capacity occurred quickly (< 30 min), being more efficient for lamellar double hydroxides with NO3. The maximum adsorption capacity showed results of 35.03 and 44.20 mg g 1 for lamellar double hydroxides with humic substances and lamellar double hydroxides with NO3, respectively. The complexation capacity showed that pH directly influences complexation, being greater for lamellar double hydroxides with humic substances at pH 6.5. Thus, nanostructured materials with humic substances are promising for use in contaminant remediation and adsorption can be a fast and efficient technique for use in soil and water. ecosystems eutrophication impacts 1050 10 50 (10-5 1. . 1) context Xray X ray structure < ( 3 min, min , min) NO3 NO 3503 35 03 35.0 4420 44 20 44.2 respectively 65 6 5 6.5 Thus water 105 (10- 350 0 35. 442 4 2 44. 6. (10 (1

ABSTRACT: The environmental regulation of continental fish farming in Brazil is closely linked to land occupation and use. Areas used for this activity are mostly located in permanent preservation areas (PPA), close to rivers and springs, demonstrating the necessity of regulating this activity for its compliance with public policy. Santa Catarina is a leading state in fish farming and one of the first to regulate the use of PPAs. The feasibility of a proposal for environmental compensation to regularize the use of PPAs in Santa Catarina for fish farming; was therefore, assessed. The results showed that 74% of the fish farms analyzed need to regularize the occupation of production structures in PPAs. Regarding the proposed index of compensation for use in PPAs, the environmental compensation factor (ECF), through evaluation of the individual maps and subsequent integrated evaluation, all the fish farms identified with environmental liabilities in occupation had ratios of 1:2 and 1:3, and this index is a viable alternative for environmental regularization of the activity. It was further proposed that ECF be applied to small fish farms of up to four fiscal modules and that they have a standard minimum occupancy profile in relation to the total area of the property, as assessed in the present study. ABSTRACT PPA, PPA , (PPA) springs policy therefore 74 ECF, (ECF) 12 1 2 1: 13, 13 3, 3 1:3 property study (PPA 7 (ECF

RESUMO: A regularização ambiental da piscicultura continental no Brasil está intimamente ligada à ocupação e uso do solo, as áreas utilizadas para a atividade estão em sua maioria inseridas em áreas de preservação permanente (APP), próximas a rios e nascentes. Esse cenário demonstra a relação entre a atividade e o cumprimento da lei, referente às questões florestais no país. Santa Catarina é um dos estados líderes na piscicultura e um dos primeiros a regulamentar o uso de áreas de preservação permanente (APPs). Assim, foi avaliada a viabilidade de uma proposta de compensação ambiental para regularizar o uso de APPs em Santa Catarina para a piscicultura. Os resultados mostraram que 74% das pisciculturas analisadas precisam regularizar a ocupação das estruturas de produção em APPs. Com relação ao índice proposto de compensação pelo uso em APP, o fator de compensação ambiental (FCA), por meio da avaliação dos mapas individuais e posterior avaliação integrada, todas as pisciculturas identificadas com passivos ambientais em ocupação apresentavam relações de 1:2 e 1:3, sendo este índice uma alternativa viável para a regularização ambiental da atividade. No entanto, propõe-se que o ECF seja aplicado a pequenas pisciculturas, de até quatro módulos fiscais e que tenham um perfil de ocupação mínima padrão em relação à área total da propriedade, conforme avaliado no presente estudo. RESUMO solo APP , (APP) nascentes lei país . (APPs) Assim 74 FCA, FCA (FCA) integrada 12 1 2 1: 13, 13 3, 3 1:3 entanto propõese propõe se propriedade estudo (APP (APPs 7 (FCA

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attention and skepticism in the evaluation of false market discourse with an environmental appeal (greenwashing). The theoretical support for the research was based on the study of the attention process (understood in terms of pre-attention and attention), as well as the practice of greenwashing and consumer skepticism. The methodological procedure adopted a hypothetical-deductive approach, carried out through two face-to-face experiments (n=129 and n=159) with a 2 factorial design (attention/pre-attention) x 2 (present/absent skepticism), with the measurement of four interest metrics (attribute evaluation, judgment about the practice of greenwashing, emotional reaction to the advertisement, and environmental purchase behavior), added to eye tracking. One-way ANOVA was used for one-dimensional analyzes and general linear model (GLM) ANOVA for multivariate analyses, with Tukey's post hoc test. As a result, it was possible to observe a better evaluation of the practice of greenwashing when pre-attentiveness and the absence of skepticism were combined, which sets up a potential scenario for the influence of this false marketing discourse on consumer behavior. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) understood preattention pre attention, , attention) hypotheticaldeductive hypothetical deductive approach facetoface face n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 attention/preattention attentionpreattention attention/pre (attention/pre-attention present/absent presentabsent present absent skepticism, skepticism) attribute advertisement behavior, behavior behavior) tracking Oneway One way onedimensional one dimensional GLM (GLM analyses Tukeys Tukey s test result preattentiveness attentiveness combined (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 attentionpre n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da atenção e do ceticismo na avaliação do falso discurso mercadológico com apelo ambiental (greenwashing). O suporte teórico da pesquisa assentou-se no estudo do processo da atenção (compreendido em termos de pré-atenção e atenção), assim como da prática de greenwashing e o ceticismo do consumidor. O procedimento metodológico adotou uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, realizada por meio de dois experimentos presenciais (n=129 e n=159) com desenho fatorial 2 (atenção/pré-atenção) x 2 (ceticismo presente/ausente), com a mensuração de quatro métricas de interesse (avaliação dos atributos, julgamento acerca da prática de greenwashing, reação emocional ao anúncio e comportamento ambiental de compra), somada ao monitoramento ocular (eyetracker). Foram empregadas a ANOVA one-way para as análises unidimensionais e a ANOVA pelo modelo linear geral (GLM) para as análises multivariadas, com o teste post hoc de Tukey. Como resultado, foi possível observar uma melhor avaliação da prática de greenwashing quando da junção da pré-atenção e da ausência do ceticismo, o que configura um cenário de potencialidade da capacidade de influência desse falso discurso mercadológico no comportamento do consumidor. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) assentouse assentou se compreendido préatenção pré atenção, , atenção) consumidor hipotéticodedutiva, hipotéticodedutiva hipotético dedutiva, dedutiva hipotético-dedutiva n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 atenção/préatenção atençãopréatenção atenção/pré (atenção/pré-atenção presente/ausente, presenteausente presente/ausente presente ausente presente/ausente) atributos compra, compra compra) eyetracker. eyetracker (eyetracker) oneway one way GLM (GLM multivariadas Tukey resultado (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 atençãopré (eyetracker n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n