Abstract Nowadays, organizations have the responsibility to commit themselves to actions that favor environmental conservation. The present study sought to explore an accompaniment for the management of the environmental component in the activities developed by an organization located in Armenia, Quindío-Colombia. Inter-institutional meetings were held in which a recognition, dialogue and workshop were conducted with the collaborators. A previously validated checklist was used. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was made of the results obtained. It was found that 40 % of the components lacked actions for environmental conservation. Thus, the accompaniment showed that the collaborators committed themselves to use solid waste, save water and energy. The monitoring resulted in three strategic actions for the water, soil and energy components. The organization showed great interest in the process and an intersectoral link was established. The study proposes a baseline for the management of the environmental component of the study area; it resulted in an accompaniment and representative participation with significant progress towards the conservation of the environment within the organization.

Resumen Actualmente, las organizaciones se encargan de comprometerse con acciones que favorezcan la conservación del medioambiente. El presente estudio explora un acompañamiento para la gestión del componente ambiental en las actividades desarrolladas de una organización ubicada en Armenia, Quindío-Colombia. Se realizaron reuniones interinstitucionales en las que se realizó un reconocimiento, diálogo y taller con los colaboradores. Se utilizó una lista de verificación previamente validada. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los resultados obtenidos. Se encontró que el 40 % de los componentes carecen de acciones para la conservación del medioambiente. De tal manera, el acompañamiento arrojó que los colaboradores se comprometieron a aprovechar los residuos sólidos, ahorrar agua y energía. El acompañamiento derivó en tres acciones estratégicas para los componentes de agua, suelo y energía. La organización demostró un gran interés en el proceso y se logró establecer un vínculo intersectorial. El estudio plantea una línea base de gestión del componente ambiental del área de estudio; derivó en un acompañamiento y participación representativa con avances significativos hacia la conservación del medioambiente dentro de la organización.

Resumo Atualmente, as organizações têm a responsabilidade de se comprometerem com acções que favoreçam a conservação do ambiente. O presente estudo procurou explorar um acompanhamento para a gestão da componente ambiental nas actividades de uma organização situada em Armenia, Quindío-Colômbia. Foram realizadas reuniões interinstitucionais em que se procedeu a um reconhecimento, diálogo e workshop com os colaboradores. Foi utilizada uma lista de controlo previamente validada. Posteriormente, procedeu-se a uma análise descritiva dos resultados obtidos. Verificou-se que 40 % dos componentes careciam de acções para a conservação do ambiente. Desta forma, o acompanhamento mostrou que os colaboradores se comprometeram a utilizar os resíduos sólidos, a poupar água e energia. O acompanhamento resultou em três acções estratégicas para as componentes água, solo e energia. A organização mostrou grande interesse no processo e foi estabelecida uma ligação intersectorial. O estudo fornece uma base de referência para a gestão da componente ambiental da área de estudo; resultou num apoio e numa participação representativa com progressos significativos para a conservação do ambiente na organização.

Abstract: What should we do in the face of today’s socio-ecological crisis? I respond to this question by proposing relational responsibility as both a wellsuited ethical principle for guiding action in the kinds of situations that accompany this crisis and a notion that establishes an analytical framework for enriching our understanding of the parties and forces involved in such situations. To contextualize and demonstrate the potential of this notion this article draws upon discussions from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, such as philosophy, anthropology, economics, and psychology. The body of the article is divided into three sections. The first two sections aim to situate the discussion in the contrast between the two ways of conceiving the world that face each other when the socio-ecological crisis is approached from a relational responsibility perspective. While the first section examines the ideological foundations fueling this crisis, the second reflects on relationality, an alternative way of understanding the world that has recently been gaining ground in various academic disciplines. Then, the third section addresses relational responsibility within the context of relational ethics and the different ways in which responsibility is commonly understood. The article concludes with some final remarks on the value of relational responsibility in the context of the current socio-ecological crisis, as well as the challenges involved in its adoption in the present situation.

Resumen: ¿Qué hacer frente a la actual crisis socio-ecológica? Este artículo propone la noción de responsabilidad relacional como respuesta a esta pregunta, por tratarse de un principio ético idóneo para orientar la acción ante el tipo de situaciones implicadas en esta crisis; al mismo tiempo que brinda un marco analítico que enriquece las lecturas sobre las partes y fuerzas involucradas en dichas situaciones. Este artículo se vale de la integración y síntesis de reflexiones provenientes de múltiples disciplinas, tales como la filosofía, antropología, economía y psicología, para poner esta noción en contexto y mostrar su potencialidad. El cuerpo del artículo se divide en tres secciones. Las dos primeras tienen el propósito de situar la discusión en el contraste entre las dos formas de concebir el mundo que confluyen cuando la crisis socio-ecológica se aborda desde la responsabilidad relacional. Así, mientras la primera sección, examina los fundamentos ideológicos que alimentan esta crisis; la segunda, reflexiona sobre la relacionalidad, una forma alternativa de entender el mundo que, en el último tiempo, ha ido encontrando lugar en distintas disciplinas académicas. Luego, la tercera sección aborda la responsabilidad relacional en el contexto de la ética relacional y de las distintas formas en que se suele entender la responsabilidad. El artículo concluye con algunas notas finales sobre el valor de la responsabilidad relacional, en el contexto de la actual crisis socio-ecológica, así como de los desafíos que implica su adopción en la situación actual.

RESUMEN Dado que China se ha convertido en un actor de gran importancia en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), investigadores en esta región han mostrado un creciente interés en estudiar los retos resultantes de esta situación. Los trabajos más recientes se han centrado en la economía (comercio entre China y ALC, y financiamiento proveniente de China), o en las consecuencias de esta relación para temas ambientales, sociales y de gobernanza, aunque algunos académicos también se han enfocado en los impactos del conflicto entre los Estados Unidos de América y China en la región. En todos los casos, la cuestión tiende a consistir en si los países de ALC se están beneficiando de una mayor presencia de China, o si los problemas exceden los potenciales beneficios. Señalamos los principales centros de investigación y académicos que analizan estos temas, y discutimos los debates centrales que los ocupan. Concluimos con un conjunto de recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad de las investigaciones, incluida la necesidad de contar con mejores datos y mayor colaboración con colegas chinos, así como la importancia de la transparencia respecto a fuentes de financiamiento y potenciales sesgos que aparecen al trabajar en esta área de cada vez mayor interés.

ABSTRACT As China has become a more important actor in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), scholars in this region have shown an increasing interest in studying the resulting challenges this poses. Most recent work has centered on economics (trade between China and LAC and finance from China), or on the consequences for environmental, social, and governance issues, although some scholars have focused on the impacts of US - China conflict in the region. In all cases, the question tends to be whether LAC countries are benefiting from the greater Chinese presence or whether problems outweigh the potential gains. We point out the leading research centers and scholars studying these questions and discuss the main debates around them. We conclude with a set of recommendations to improve the quality of research, including the need for better data and more collaboration with Chinese colleagues as well as the importance of transparency about the sources of finance and potential biases in work on this growing area of interest.

ABSTRACT: In the last decade, the Vilcanota River sub-basin (Cusco, Peru) has shown high water vulnerability due to climate change and anthropogenic pressures typical of the economic model. In a context of pandemic and ecological crisis, addressing the complexity of the value of water becomes pertinent in order to overcome the exclusive use of mechanisms to calculate monetary value or sustain environmental governance based on cost-benefit analysis. The main objective of the study was to analyze water consumption rates in the Vilcanota River sub-basin to integrate management with a vision from ecological economics. To do this, the dynamic factors, impacts and responses of water governance were analyzed, and the problem of value was addressed through the analysis of hydrological flows with the ecological economy approach. A high consumption of the household sector was found (urban: 265151.71 m3/h, rural: 163087.50 m3/h), mainly due to urban expansion, change in land use and other local problems in a mainly agricultural area. where an analysis of the social metabolism in the Vilcanota River sub-basin and the inclusion of complexity management in environmental public policy is necessary.

RESUMEN: En la última década, la subcuenca del río Vilcanota (Cusco, Perú) ha mostrado una alta vulnerabilidad hídrica debido al cambio climático y a las presiones antrópicas propias del modelo económico. En un contexto de crisis pandémica y ecológica, abordar la complejidad del valor del agua se hace pertinente a fin de superar el uso exclusivo de mecanismos para calcular el valor monetario o sostener una gobernanza ambiental basada en el análisis costo-beneficio. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar las tasas de consumo de agua en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota para integrar la gestión con una visión desde la economía ecológica. Para ello se analizaron los factores dinámicos, impactos y respuestas de la gobernanza hídrica, y se abordó el problema del valor mediante el análisis de los flujos hidrológicos con el enfoque de la economía ecológica. Se encontró un alto consumo del sector hogares (urbano: 265151,71 m3/h, rural: 163087,50 m3/h), principalmente debido a la expansión urbana, cambio de uso de suelo y otras problemáticas locales sobre una zona principalmente agrícola, donde se hace necesario un análisis del metabolismo social en la subcuenca del río Vilcanota y la inclusión de la gestión de la complejidad en la política pública ambiental.

ABSTRACT: Maintaining a rural-urban balance is absolutely necessary in the context of the challenges related to food security and environmental protection as well as the perspectives of urban agglomeration. This paper highlighted the impact of the main events from the last 30 years on the rural population. This study used the vector autoregressive model (VAR) to investigate the estimates and analyse the dynamic impact of innovations on the system of variables. Key issues that influenced certain periods in the analyzed interval were highlighted, which clearly show the impact on the analyzed variables using variance decomposition. The cost of living in rural areas is increasing, so more and more inhabitants give up growing certain crops or raising certain animals, thus having to search for food to survive, leading to additional wage income to cover these costs. ABSTRACT ruralurban agglomeration 3 population VAR (VAR decomposition increasing animals survive costs

RESUMO: A manutenção do equilíbrio rural-urbano é absolutamente necessária no contexto dos desafios relacionados com a segurança alimentar e proteção ambiental, bem como as perspetivas de aglomeração urbana. O objetivo do trabalho é destacar o impacto dos principais acontecimentos dos últimos 30 anos sobre a população rural. Este estudo utilizou o modelo autoregressivo vetorial (VAR) para investigar as estimativas e analisar o impacto dinâmico das inovações no sistema de variáveis. Foram destacadas as principais questões que influenciaram determinados períodos no intervalo analisado, o que mostra claramente o impacto nas variáveis analisadas usando a decomposição de variância. O custo de vida nas zonas rurais está a aumentar, tanto mais que cada vez mais habitantes desistem de cultivar determinadas culturas ou de criar determinados animais, tendo assim de obter os alimentos necessários à sua sobrevivência, o que obriga a um rendimento salarial adicional para cobrir estas despesas custos. RESUMO ruralurbano rural urbano ambiental urbana 3 VAR (VAR analisado variância aumentar animais sobrevivência custos

The church is God's primary vehicle to minister in a global landscape dotted with globalisation, social media, wars, environmental issues, global economics, global social developments, and politics. Given the fact that the family is the microcosm where discipling should take place according to Psalm 78:4-7 (also Deut. 6:7-9; Matt. 28:19-20; 1 Cor. 3:4-9), this focus naturally leads to the critical question: Where do families fit in this mandate? Segregation in ministry results in divided age groups, lack of inclusiveness of all members in all of church life, and a low view of children as part of the church (Holmes et al. 2022:1-3). The article revisits a biblical framework of what church should be, in order to refresh insight into how the church could and should respond to an intergenerational understanding of the form and function of the church.

ABSTRACT Worsening joblessness in India is put forward here from the multiple and inter-connected argumentative lens of formal-informal dichotomy by labour productivity differential, market size constraint, labour market flexibility, capital inflows, political constraint, corporate industrialization and welfare economic implications. In the process, the limitations of the classic developmental ideas of Kuznets, Lewis and Schumpeter are critiqued. Thereafter, an alternative policy framework is proposed to achieve economic development focused on employment, equity and environmental uplift. The paper shows how the massive unemployment problem can be managed in India’s democratic set up by departing from conventional wisdom about industrialization. interconnected inter connected formalinformal formal informal differential constraint flexibility inflows implications process Kuznets critiqued Thereafter employment uplift Indias s

RESUMO O agravamento do desemprego na Índia é aqui apresentado a partir da lente argumentativa múltipla e interligada da dicotomia formal-informal através do diferencial de produtividade do trabalho, das restrições de dimensão do mercado, da flexibilidade do mercado de trabalho, dos fluxos de capital, das restrições políticas, da industrialização empresarial e das implicações econômicas do bem-estar. No processo, são criticadas as limitações das ideias clássicas de desenvolvimento de Kuznets, Lewis e Schumpeter. Posteriormente, é proposto um quadro político alternativo para alcançar o desenvolvimento econômico centrado no emprego, na equidade e na melhoria ambiental. formalinformal formal informal trabalho capital políticas bemestar. bemestar bem estar. estar bem-estar processo Kuznets Schumpeter Posteriormente emprego ambiental

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the meanings revealed by nurses about sustainable care in its connections with the management of Healthcare Waste in hospital. Method: Qualitative research, whose theoretical and methodological references were, respectively, Complexity Theory and Grounded Theory. Nursing professionals from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro participated in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: The actions-interactions signified by the nursing staff, for the management of Healthcare Waste, revealed an understanding of the socio-environmental responsibility of the rational use of material resources; of the need for permanent education to promote environmental education; of the need to supervise the proper management of waste. The professionals perceive themselves as a driving force for reordering positive changes in this context. Conclusion: The participants signaled implications between knowledge, rational use of materials, waste generation and disposal, health economics and quality of care. From these connections, we can deduce the complex meaning of sustainable hospital nursing care in the context of Healthcare Waste management. Objective Method research were respectively study semistructured semi structured interviews Results actionsinteractions actions interactions staff socioenvironmental socio resources Conclusion knowledge materials disposal

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os significados desvelados pela enfermagem sobre o cuidado sustentável em suas conexões com o gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde no hospital. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, cujos referenciais teórico e metodológico foram, respectivamente, a Teoria da Complexidade e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Participaram do estudo profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados: As ações-interações significadas pela enfermagem, para o gerenciamento dos Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde, revelaram a compreensão sobre a responsabilidade socioambiental do uso racional de recursos materiais; da necessidade de educação permanente para promover educação ambiental; da necessidade de supervisão o gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos. Os profissionais se percebem como força motriz para reordenar mudanças positivas nesse contexto. Conclusão: Os participantes sinalizaram implicações entre conhecimento, uso racional de materiais, geração e descarte de resíduos, economia da saúde e qualidade da assistência. Dessas conexões, depreende-se o sentido complexo de cuidado sustentável da enfermagem hospitalar no contexto do gerenciamento de Resíduos dos Serviços de Saúde. Objetivo Método qualitativa respectivamente Dados Janeiro semiestruturadas Resultados açõesinterações ações interações materiais ambiental resíduos Conclusão conhecimento assistência depreendese depreende

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los significados revelados por enfermeros sobre cuidados sostenibles en sus conexiones con la Gestión de Residuos Sanitarios en el hospital. Método: Investigación cualitativa, cuyos referentes teóricos y metodológicos fueron, respectivamente, la Teoría de la Complejidad y la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. Participaron en el estudio profesionales de enfermería de un hospital público de Río de Janeiro. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: Las acciones-interacciones significadas por el personal de enfermería, para la gestión de Residuos de Servicios de Salud, revelaron la comprensión de la responsabilidad socioambiental del uso racional de los recursos materiales; de la necesidad de educación permanente para promover la educación ambiental; de la necesidad de supervisar la correcta gestión de los residuos. Los profesionales se perciben a sí mismos como un motor para reordenar cambios positivos en este contexto. Conclusión: Los participantes señalaron implicaciones entre el conocimiento, el uso racional de materiales, la generación y eliminación de residuos, la economía de la salud y la calidad de la atención. De estas conexiones se deduce el complejo significado de los cuidados sostenibles de enfermería hospitalaria en el contexto de la gestión de residuos de los servicios de salud. Objetivo Método cualitativa fueron respectivamente Datos Janeiro semiestructuradas Resultados accionesinteracciones acciones interacciones Salud materiales ambiental Conclusión conocimiento atención

The ecological crisis in the world necessitates the reconfiguration of the hegemony of modern science, theology, politics, economics and technology - the root cause of a pending ecological catastrophe. The aim is to redress a growing culture of apathy in the context of devastating weather conditions, social and political discord, and unrelenting violent wars. Public theology serves as a conceptual framework with transversal rationality as an interlocutor between the different theological (systematic, ethics, pastoral care and eco-theology), religious and philosophical perspectives. The theological ontology of care is presented followed by the role of communities of critical prophetic discourse. The notion of earth as a community leads to the prospect of a new eco-theology. Finally, the pending ecological catastrophe is reconceptualised in and through Christian eschatology. This is an inter- and intra-disciplinary discussion on the disastrous consequences of modernity and anthropocentric behaviour in terms of the current environmental crisis. Various scholars offer valuable insights into what the problem is, who responsible is for the environmental crisis, and how Christian communities should forge an accountability of care for the earth and vulnerable human beings. The eschatological reality of God's preferred future remains a constant of hopeful and sustainable life in the Anthropocene age. It is recommended that we change the way we exist by transforming modernity as developed and sustained through theology, socio-political, economic and technological 'advances'. CONTRIBUTION: This article focussed on the ecological crisis because of anthropocentrism and distorted theological, political and socio-economic paradigms to serve human interests despite the consequences for the earth. We need to reconfigure interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary scientific approaches to embrace earth as a key scientific interlocutor. The ecological crisis should be conceptualised within the reality of Christian eschatology - Jesus Christ is ultimately, the eschaton

BACKGROUND: The extensive use of plastic in global supply chains (GSCs) has a profound impact on ecosystems and human well-being. Therefore, it is essential to implement an integrated strategy that takes into account the intricate interplay between economic factors, consumer behaviours, industrial practices, and environmental consequences to effectively address the plastic problem in global supply chains OBJECTIVES: This study explored the factors that contribute to plastic pollution in GSCs and proposed solutions METHOD: A thematic analysis of peer-reviewed articles, grey literature, and case studies of corporations implementing measures to reduce plastic pollution was conducted RESULTS: Variables including production, material economics, marketing techniques, consumer choices, insufficient recycling facilities, regulatory frameworks, and GSC complexities have an impact on plastic pollution. Remedies like sustainable alternatives, circular economy methods, and extended producer accountability confront obstacles such as expenses, scalability, consumer acceptance, technological constraints, and policy fragmentation CONCLUSION: Addressing the issue of plastic pollution in GSCs is a challenging task that demands extensive and collaborative solutions. Currently, the mitigation strategies in place have several limitations, such as the absence of personalisation, cooperation, consumer involvement, and technological progress CONTRIBUTION: This study provides a holistic analysis of plastic pollution in GSCs, establishing a theoretical framework that incorporates environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability. It also offers practical suggestions for businesses to adopt more effective plastic waste reduction strategies and to enhance supply chain management practices

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar la presencia de formación en Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en las titulaciones de grado de Economía, Administración y Contaduría de las universidades públicas de Paraguay en el año 2022. El marco metodológico consistió en una investigación con enfoque mixto, con un alcance bibliográfico documental, diseño no experimental, nivel descriptivo explicativo y de corte retrospectivo, mediante un análisis de contenido de los objetivos, perfiles de egreso y asignaturas definidos en cada una de las titulaciones objeto de estudio. Para el análisis, se utilizaron palabras clave relacionadas con la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en sus dimensiones social, ética y medioambiental y se calculó un índice para valorar la presencia de la misma en las titulaciones objeto de estudio. Como resultado, la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa está presente en un 48%, 81% y 51% en los objetivos, perfiles de egreso y asignaturas respectivamente, con una mayor orientación hacia la dimensión ética. Se concluye que las universidades públicas de Paraguay muestran un alto compromiso al integrar Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en términos éticos, sin embargo, aún hay oportunidades de mejora en las dimensiones sociales y medioambientales. Se recomienda ampliar el estudio con la inclusión de las universidades privadas para obtener una visión más completa y detallada sobre la incorporación de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa en la educación superior de Paraguay. Se trata del primer estudio realizado en Paraguay que analiza de forma cuantitativa la presencia de la Responsabilidad Social en las titulaciones de Economía y Empresa. La principal contribución es aportar un análisis de la situación actual que permita realizar comparativas futuras con otros entornos universitarios, así como estudiar la evolución de estas universidades en el tiempo.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of training in Corporate Social Responsibility in the undergraduate degrees in Economics, Administration and Accounting of the public universities of Paraguay in the year 2022. The methodological framework consisted of a research with a mixed approach, with a documentary bibliographic scope, non-experimental design, descriptive explanatory and retrospective level, through a content analysis of the objectives, graduation profiles and subjects defined in each of the degrees under study. For the analysis, keywords related to Corporate Social Responsibility in its social, ethical and environmental dimensions were used and an index was calculated to assess its presence in the degrees under study. As a result, Corporate Social Responsibility is present in 48%, 81% and 51% in the objectives, graduation profiles and subjects respectively, with a greater orientation towards the ethical dimension. It is concluded that the public universities of Paraguay show a high commitment to integrating Corporate Social Responsibility in ethical terms, however, there are still opportunities for improvement in the social and environmental dimensions. It is recommended to expand the study with the inclusion of private universities to obtain a more complete and detailed vision of the incorporation of Corporate Social Responsibility in higher education in Paraguay. This is the first study carried out in Paraguay that analyzes quantitatively the presence of Social Responsibility in Economics and Business degrees. The main contribution is to provide an analysis of the current situation that allows future comparisons with other university environments, as well as to study the evolution of these universities over time.

Resumen Introducción. La lechería especializada del trópico alto colombiano presenta elevados costos de producción, emisiones de metano y contaminación por nitrógeno en el suelo y agua, empleo de plaguicidas en las praderas y una producción de leche que aún no alcanza altos estándares de calidad. Lo anterior, requiere un cambio estructural en el modelo de producción con un enfoque de sustentabilidad. Además de otros aspectos, la ganadería sostenible requiere mayor complementariedad y diversidad de especies forrajeras, arbustivas y arbóreas adaptadas a las condiciones de trópico de altura. Objetivo. Recopilar información a través de acción participativa y de innovación rural por los productores y avances de investigación de las especies Axonopus catarinensis y Smallanthus sonchifolius, forrajeras herbáceas con posible potencial productivo y ambiental (en etapa preliminar), para su integración en sistemas silvopastoriles del trópico alto colombiano. Desarrollo. A. catarinensis y S. sonchifolius son especies que podrían ser utilizadas en la alimentación básica y suplementación energética, respectivamente, de vacas lecheras en el trópico alto colombiano. Aunque no existe información científica para estas condiciones, la referencia de algunos productores menciona que estas especies tal vez pueden mejorar la producción y la calidad de la leche con efectos en la economía familiar. Además, pueden contribuir a la generación de productos lácteos con atributos funcionales benéficos, que impacten en la salud humana. Conclusión. A. catarinensis y S. sonchifolius son especies que pueden tener un potencial forrajero y nutricional para incluirse en los sistemas silvopastoriles de producción lechera en el trópico alto colombiano.

Abstract Introduction. Specialized dairy farming in Colombia highlands entails high production costs, methane emissions, nitrogen pollution in soil and water, the use of pesticides in pastures, and milk production that has not yet reached high-quality standards. All of these factors necessitate a structural change in the production model with a sustainability focus. In addition to other aspects, sustainable livestock farming requires greater complementarity and diversity of forage, shrub, and tree species adapted to high-altitude tropical conditions. Objective. To gather information through participatory action and rural innovation by producers and research advancements on the species Axonopus catarinensis and Smallanthus sonchifolius, herbaceous forage species with potential production and environmental benefits (in preliminary stage), for their integration into silvopastoral systems in the Colombian highlands. Development. A. catarinensis and S. sonchifolius are species that could be used in basic diet and energy supplementation, respectively, of dairy cows in the Colombian highlands. While there is no scientific information available for these conditions, some producers' experiences suggest that these species may improve milk production and quality with positive effects on family economics. Additionally, they can contribute to the generation of dairy products with beneficial functional attributes that impact human health. Conclusion. A. catarinensis and S. sonchifolius are species that may have forage and nutritional potential to be included in silvopastoral dairy production systems in the Colombian highlands.

ABSTRACT Through the theory of legitimacy and the theoretical perspective of New Institutional Economics, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of economic freedom over the relationship between Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) practices and profitability. The sample was finance companies located in the Americas, between 2017 and 2020, using the Refinitiv Eikon® database. The analysis used data modeling in a hierarchical panel. Results demonstrate that ESG practices have a positive and significant impact on profitability. Individually, only the social variable showed a positive and significant relationship over profitability. As for the moderating effect of economic freedom, it was shown that economic freedom enhances the relationship between an ESG index and profitability, and only enhances the relationship between corporate governance and profitability when analyzed individually. Furthermore, findings imply that a country’s institutional quality has an important influence on ESG practices and profitability. Economics Environmental Social (ESG Americas 201 2020 Eikon database panel Individually individually Furthermore countrys country s 20 202 2

RESUMO Por meio da teoria da legitimidade e da vertente Nova Economia Institucional, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar o efeito da liberdade econômica na relação entre as práticas Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG) e a rentabilidade. A amostra da pesquisa corresponde às empresas do setor de finanças localizadas na América, entre 2017 e 2020, utilizando informações da base de dados Refinitiv Eikon®. A análise utilizou modelagem de dados em um painel hierárquico. Os resultados demonstram que as práticas ESG têm um impacto positivo e significativo sobre a rentabilidade. Individualmente, apenas a variável referente ao pilar social apresentou relação positiva e significativa sobre a rentabilidade. Quanto ao efeito moderador da liberdade econômica, mostrou-se que ela potencializa a relação entre índice ESG e rentabilidade, e somente potencializa a relação entre governança corporativa e rentabilidade quando analisadas individualmente. Além disso, os resultados implicam que a qualidade institucional de um país tem uma influência importante nas práticas ESG e na rentabilidade. Institucional Environmental Social (ESG América 201 2020 Eikon Eikon® hierárquico Individualmente mostrouse mostrou se individualmente disso 20 202 2

Abstract. This study aims to analyse the effect of temperature and wind speed on the performance of different types of photovoltaic (PV) systems at a different state in Malaysia and how it affects the economics and environmental impact assessment in the present year of 2018 as well as future years in 2030 and 2040. Three types of grid-connected solar PV modules namely Mono-Crystalline, Poly-crystalline, and Thin Film were selected to be implemented in different cities of Shah Alam, Chuping, Alor Setar, Ipoh and Kota Kinabalu. A mathematical model was adopted to estimate the performance characteristics of the solar PV modules. Based on the data in the present year, the highest power output produced by the Mc-Si module for Alor Setar city is given by 33.40 MWh/year while the lowest amount of power output provided by this PV panel is about 28.18 MWh/year in Shah Alam. Furthermore, an area of 144 m2 for the Mono-Crystalline PV module can satisfy the total energy requirement by the resident as it was the most profitable to be implemented compared to Poly-crystalline and Thin Film. The findings of this study can serve as important information on the economic viability of installing PV systems in the selected cities in Malaysia.

Resumen.- Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto de la temperatura y la velocidad del viento en el rendimiento de diferentes tipos de sistemas fotovoltaicos (PV) en un estado diferente de Malasia y cómo afecta la evaluación del impacto económico y ambiental en el presente año de 2018, así como en el futuro. años en 2030 y 2040. Se seleccionaron tres tipos de módulos fotovoltaicos solares conectados a la red, a saber, monocristalinos, policristalinos y de película delgada, para implementarlos en diferentes ciudades de Shah Alam, Chuping, Alor Setar, Ipoh y Kota Kinabalu. Se adoptó un modelo matemático para estimar las características de rendimiento de los módulos fotovoltaicos solares. Según los datos del año en curso, la producción de energía más alta producida por el módulo Mc-Si para la ciudad de Alor Setar es de 33,40 MWh/año, mientras que la producción de energía más baja proporcionada por este panel fotovoltaico es de aproximadamente 28,18 MWh/año en Shah Alam. Además, un área de 144 m2 para el módulo fotovoltaico monocristalino puede satisfacer el requerimiento total de energía del residente, ya que fue el más rentable de implementar en comparación con el policristalino y la película delgada. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden servir como información importante sobre la viabilidad económica de instalar sistemas fotovoltaicos en las ciudades seleccionadas de Malasia.

Resumen Para evaluar el papel de la ciencia en un posible gobierno progresista se utilizó un documento de la campaña de Gustavo Petro y Francia Márquez. La evaluación terminó en un debate fallido en el que ambas partes compartieron la idea errónea de una ciencia hegemónica, occidental o ancestral. Este artículo muestra que el texto apropiado para evaluar el papel de las ciencias es el Plan de Desarrollo del actual gobierno. La interacción dinámica entre sistemas complejos, ciencia del cambio climático, ciencias ambientales, ciencia de las ciudades -u ordenamiento territorial- y economía de la complejidad fundamenta la arquitectura del Plan y sus objetivos y proyectos estratégicos. Ningún gobierno colombiano había tomado tan en serio a las ciencias en el diseño de su hoja de ruta básica. JEL: D85, I23, O1, O2, O3, Q5

Resumo Um documento de campanha de Gustavo Petro e Francia Márquez foi usado para avaliar o papel da ciência em um possível governo progressista. A avaliação terminou em um debate fracassado no qual ambos os lados compartilharam a concepção errônea de uma ciência hegemônica, ocidental ou ancestral. Este artigo mostra que o texto apropriado para avaliar o papel da ciência é o Plano de Desenvolvimento do governo atual. A interação dinâmica entre sistemas complexos, ciência da mudança climática, ciência ambiental, ciência das cidades -ou planejamento do uso do solo- e economia da complexidade sustenta a arquitetura do Plano e seus objetivos estratégicos e projetos. Nenhum governo colombiano havia levado a ciência tão a sério no desenho de seu roteiro básico. JEL: D85, I23, O1, O1, O2, O3, Q5

Abstract To evaluate the role of science in a possible progressive government, a document from the campaign of Gustavo Petro and Francia Márquez was used. The evaluation ended in a failed debate in which both parties shared the erroneous idea of a hegemonic science, western or ancestral. This article shows that the appropriate text to evaluate the role of the sciences is the Development Plan of the current government. The dynamic interaction between complex systems, climate change science, environmental sciences, city science -or land use planning- and complexity economics underpins the architecture of the Plan and its strategic objectives and projects. No Colombian government has ever taken the sciences so seriously in the design of its basic roadmap. JEL: D85, I23, O1, O2, O3, Q5