RESUMO A produção de grãos apresenta crescimento constante, entretanto, a capacidade estatística de armazenamento permanece deficitária no Brasil. A falta de estruturas e a precariedade e inadequação no armazenamento ocasionam perdas na pós-colheita, devido ação de fatores que interagem com os grãos, culminando na sua deterioração. Para reversão desses efeitos, o tratamento químico é realizado, contudo, busca-se por sua substituição por substâncias naturais devido a implicações ambientais e medicinais. Objetivou-se com esta revisão, a discussão de uma potencial estratégia sustentável para o tratamento de grãos armazenados, com foco no uso de compostos naturais com propriedades bioativas como antifúngica, antioxidante e inseticida, que os torna potenciais para serem estudados. Foram delineados compostos naturais que possuem propriedades úteis para aplicação no armazenamento de grãos. Pesquisas a respeito do emprego dos compostos naturais no tratamento de grãos são incipientes, carecendo de avanços na identificação de novos compostos promissores, melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de ação e otimização/desenvolvimento de processos de extração, aplicação e formulação eficazes que viabilizem o futuro uso das substâncias. constante entretanto Brasil póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita pós-colheita deterioração efeitos realizado contudo buscase busca se medicinais Objetivouse Objetivou revisão armazenados antifúngica inseticida estudados incipientes promissores otimizaçãodesenvolvimento otimização desenvolvimento extração

ABSTRACT Grain production is steadily increasing; however, the static storage capacity remains inadequate in Brazil. The lack of proper facilities and the precarious and inadequate storage conditions lead to post-harvest losses due to factors interacting with the grains, causing their deterioration. Chemical treatments are commonly used to reverse these effects; however, their replacement with natural substances has been sought due to environmental and human health concerns. The objective of this review was to discuss a sustainable strategy for treating stored grains, focusing on the use of natural compounds with bioactive properties, such as antifungal, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities, with potential for further studies. Natural compounds with useful properties for application in grain storage were outlined. Research on the use of natural compounds in grain treatment is still in its early stages, requiring progress in identifying new promising compounds, understanding the mechanisms of action, and developing and optimizing effective extraction, application, and formulation processes to make the use of these substances viable. increasing however Brazil postharvest post harvest grains deterioration effects concerns antifungal antioxidant activities studies outlined stages action extraction viable

Resumen Introducción. La calidad del aire es un asunto de interés para la salud pública por su rápido deterioro en los países de bajos y medianos ingresos, y los efectos del aire contaminado en la salud de las poblaciones. Objetivo. Explorar las condiciones de la calidad del aire en las que los repartidores de plataformas digitales desarrollaron su trabajo en las localidades de Kennedy y Usaquén de Bogotá durante el 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio mixto, paralelo y convergente, basado en cuatro fuentes de información: 1) observación etnográfica en cinco ubicaciones comerciales de las dos localidades; 2) monitoreo de PM10 y PM2.5 en 56 rutas de reparto, empleando un equipo de bajo costo; 3) bitácoras diarias de los recorridos que apoyaron la interpretación de los datos del equipo, y 4) entrevista semiestructurada con el rutero para explorar sus percepciones frente a los peligros durante los recorridos. Resultados. Se identificaron diferencias en las condiciones de trabajo, las percepciones y las exposiciones a material particulado de los repartidores entre las dos localidades de estudio que constituyeron fuentes de injusticia ambiental. Los recorridos que realizaron los repartidores en la localidad de Kennedy registraron mayores concentraciones de PM10 y PM2.5. Las fuentes de contaminación atmosférica identificadas por los repartidores mostraron los peores parámetros en Kennedy. Conclusiones. Se evidenció que la calidad del aire, el equipamiento urbano, la infraestructura vial, las fuentes móviles y la ubicación geoespacial son elementos que marcan la presencia de injusticia ambiental para los repartidores. Para disminuir esta inequidad, es necesario que las plataformas de reparto digital y el gobierno distrital implementen estrategias que reduzcan la exposición y la emisión de contaminantes del aire con el fin de proteger la salud de los repartidores de plataformas.

Abstract Introduction. Air quality is a matter of interest for public health due to its rapid deterioration in low- and middle-income countries and the effects of polluted air on the health of populations. Objective. To explore the air quality conditions in which digital platform delivery workers carry out their work, evaluating the localities of Kennedy and Usaquén in Bogotá, 2021. Materials and methods. We developed a mixed parallel convergent study based on four sources of information: 1) Ethnographic observation in five commercial locations of the two localities; 2) Monitoring of PM10 and PM2.5 in 56 delivery routes using a low-cost sensor; 3) Daily logs of the routes to support the device data interpretation, and 4) A semi-structured interview applied to the drivers to explore their danger perception during the routes. Results. We identified elements causing environmental injustice among digital platform delivery workers between the two study locations. The routes made by the delivery drivers in the locality of Kennedy registered higher concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, compared to the values observed in Usaquén. The sources of air pollution identified by the delivery drivers through ethnographic observation and the router logbook showed the worst parameters in Kennedy. Conclusions. We evidenced that air quality, urban equipment, road infrastructure, mobile sources, and geospatial location are elements that mark the presence of environmental injustice for the digital platform delivery drivers in the studied localities. To reduce this inequity, it is necessary for digital delivery platforms and the district government to implement strategies that reduce the exposure and emission of air pollutants to protect the health of digital platform delivery workers.

Abstract Mountain areas face various problems such as environmental degradation, deforestation, unsustainable agricultural expansion, soil erosion, coupled with the loss of traditional knowledge, among others, which has become the focus of concern and reflection of both theoretical and practical discourse, due to the environmental, economic and social deterioration they have experienced. Higher Education in Cuba plays a very important role in the face of these problems, by contributing, through scientific means, to their solution. The following original research has as its objective to implement agroforestry resilience actions in mountainous areas from community projects with the Municipal University Center of Remedios in the province of Villa Clara, Cuba. The methodology used was participatory action research, using theoretical methods such as synthetic analytical and historical-logical, empirical methods such as document analysis, observation, interviews, which allowed recording the information directly from the subjects studied and workshops with brainstorming techniques in the dynamics of the research. The results have been structured in the foundation of the conceptual elements necessary to clarify the object of study, main needs and potentialities of the mountainous area studied, as well as agroforestry resilience actions, which allowed greater public participation in the community context in the management of its natural resources, aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) and one of the strategic axes within the National Economic and Social Development Plan of Cuba.

Resumo As áreas montanhosas enfrentam vários problemas, como a degradação ambiental, o desmatamento, a expansão agrícola insustentável, a erosão do solo, juntamente com a perda de conhecimentos tradicionais, entre outros, razão pela qual se tornaram foco de preocupação e reflexão tanto no discurso teórico quanto no prático, devido à deterioração ambiental, econômica e social que sofreram. A educação superior em Cuba desempenha um papel muito importante no enfrentamento desses problemas, contribuindo para sua solução por meios científicos. A pesquisa original a seguir tem como objetivo implementar ações de resiliência agroflorestal em áreas montanhosas por meio de projetos comunitários com o Centro Universitário Municipal de Remedios, na província de Villa Clara, Cuba. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação participativa, com o uso de métodos teóricos, como os métodos analítico sintético e histórico-lógico, métodos empíricos, como análise de documentos, observação e entrevistas, que possibilitaram o registro de informações diretamente dos sujeitos investigados, e oficinas com técnicas de brainstorming na dinâmica da pesquisa. Os resultados foram estruturados na fundamentação dos elementos conceituais necessários para esclarecer o objeto de estudo, principais necessidades e potencialidades da área montanhosa estudada, bem como ações de resiliência agroflorestal, que permitiram maior participação pública no contexto comunitário na gestão de seus recursos naturais, visando contribuir para o cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030) e um dos eixos estratégicos dentro do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social de Cuba.

Resumen Las zonas montañosas enfrentan diversas problemáticas como la degradación ambiental, la desforestación, la expansión agrícola no sostenible, la erosión del suelo, unido a la pérdida de conocimientos tradicionales, entre otros, por lo que se ha convertido en centro de preocupación y reflexión tanto del discurso teórico como práctico, debido a su deterioro ambiental, económico y social que han experimentado. La Educación Superior en Cuba juega un papel muy importante ante estas problemáticas, al contribuir con la vía científica, a su solución. La siguiente investigación original tiene como objetivo implementar acciones de resiliencia agroforestal en zonas montañosas desde proyectos comunitarios con el Centro Universitario Municipal de Remedios en la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación acción participación, se emplearon métodos teóricos como el analítico sintético y el histórico lógico, empíricos como el análisis de documentos, la observación, entrevistas, que permitieron registrar la información directamente de los sujetos investigados y los talleres con técnicas de lluvia de ideas en la dinámica de la investigación. Los resultados han quedado estructurados en la fundamentación de los elementos conceptuales necesarios para esclarecer el objeto de estudio, principales necesidades y potencialidades de la zona montañosa estudiada, así como acciones de resiliencia agroforestal, que permitieron una mayor participación pública en el contexto comunitario en la gestión de sus recursos naturales, orientado a contribuir al cumplimiento de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (Agenda 2030) y uno de los ejes estratégicos dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Cuba.

Abstract The short time that people have to cook their own food has led industries to satisfy the need for ready-to-eat products. This has motivated a progressive increase in studies that can determine the time at which the product can be safely consumed (shelf life). There are several methods for determining the shelf life of products; but regardless of the method used, the key is to know the minimum and/or maximum values of the indicators that define their deterioration. These values of spoilage indicators can change according to the compositional conditions of the food or the conditions under which it is stored during its shelf life. This review provides values for indicators used in tests for the determination of food shelf life, according to their nature, and environmental conditions, as way to be used by researchers as a reference in their predictions. The results of this research show scientific evidence through published articles about indicator values, their changes, referring to food shelf life kinetics. These values can be used for the prediction of food shelf life, for comparison purposes with their respective studies. It will be of importance for consumers, who will be able to use these values as a reference in the storage of these products. Shelf life indicator values for foods not considered in this work should be evaluated or experimented with in future work.

Abstract During the neoliberal regime, food policy in Mexico focused on the paradigm of ensuring physical and economic access to safe and cheap food; However, the measures to meet this objective caused, among other things, a trade deficit in basic foods such as corn, orientation of production towards export crops, environmental and people’s health deterioration. In response to this problem, in the mid-1990s, the concept of food sovereignty gained strength. This paradigm contributed to making visible the problems faced by small family productive units and the importance of including in public policy actions that respect the diversity of cultivated seeds, traditional agricultural practices, the care of resources and the reproduction of culturally accepted foods. In this context, the objective of this work is to characterize corn production in three lake regions of Michoacán (Mexico) from the perspective of food sovereignty and, based on this, raise considerations for its strengthening. A comparative analysis was carried out on the approaches of the food sovereignty paradigm based on own information obtained through a survey applied to corn producers from three lake regions of the state of Michoacán. The results show the coexistence of diverse production systems ranging from traditional to intensive production in each region, with manifest experiences of food sovereignty in the Pátzcuaro region and silent in the Cuitzeo region.

Resumen Durante el régimen neoliberal, la política alimentaria en México se centró en el paradigma de asegurar el acceso físico y económico a alimentos inocuos y baratos; sin embargo, las medidas para atender este objetivo provocaron, entre otras consecuencias, un creciente déficit en la balanza comercial de alimentos básicos como el maíz, la orientación de la producción hacia cultivos de exportación, y el paulatino deterioro de la calidad ambiental y de la salud de las personas. Frente a esta compleja problemática, a mediados de la década de los años noventa, surge con fuerza el paradigma de soberanía alimentaria, cuyo concepto contribuyó a visibilizar los problemas que enfrentan las pequeñas unidades productivas familiares y la importancia de incluir en la política pública acciones que respeten la diversidad de las semillas cultivadas, las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales, el cuidado de los recursos y la reproducción de alimentos culturalmente aceptados. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la producción de maíz de tres regiones lacustres de Michoacán desde la perspectiva de la soberanía alimentaria y, a partir de ello, delinear algunas consideraciones de política pública para su fortalecimiento. Para ello, se realizó un análisis comparado sobre los planteamientos del paradigma de soberanía alimentaria a partir de información propia obtenida mediante una encuesta aplicada a productores de maíz de tres regiones lacustres del estado de Michoacán. Los resultados muestran la coexistencia de diversos sistemas productivos que van desde los tradicionales hasta la producción intensiva en cada región, observando experiencias de soberanía alimentaria manifiestas en la región Pátzcuaro y silenciosas en la región Cuitzeo.

Abstract Waste arises from human activities, appears in various environments, and adversely impacts the environment. The study aimed to present a proposal for a Non-Formal and Sustainable Environmental Education Program on Urban Solid Waste (PEANFSRSU) in Las Vigas community, Guerrero, Mexico. Solid waste is analyzed across various scientific fields and disciplines, including social sciences, environmental studies, and education. This research is justified by challenges related to inadequate waste management and the scarcity of appropriate practices in the community. It employed a mixed-methods approach, involving on-site observation, a survey of 56 individuals, and interviews with 42 key informants. Diagnostic results revealed significant socioeconomic and environmental deficiencies. Sixty-three percent of respondents recognized the issues associated with solid waste, while 68% perceived social consequences of waste pollution. Economically and politically, 46% considered waste a major concern. Interviews indicated that waste poses a serious problem in the community, with a lack of practical application of existing knowledge and deficiencies in environmental awareness. Based on these findings, the PEANFSRSU was designed, structured into four phases: context, structuring, programming, and evaluation. In conclusion, addressing the waste issue in Las Vigas requires a coordinated response from both the community and authorities

Resumen Los residuos, emanados de las actividades humanas, se manifiestan en diversos entornos y generan un impacto adverso sobre el medio ambiente. Por ende, el propósito de esta investigación consistió en presentar un programa de educación ambiental no formal y con un enfoque sustentable dirigido al manejo de los residuos sólidos urbanos (PEANFSRSU) en la comunidad de Las Vigas, Guerrero (México). El sustento de esta indagación se encuentra en la problemática latente y los desafíos asociados con la gestión inadecuada de los RSU en la mencionada comunidad, sumado a la insuficiencia de prácticas y comportamientos idóneos por parte de sus habitantes. Para ello, se adoptó una metodología mixta, que incluyó la observación directa en localidades específicas, la aplicación de encuestas a 56 personas, así como entrevistas con 42 informantes clave. Los resultados del diagnóstico revelaron carencias significativas de índole socioeconómica y ambiental. En concreto, el 63 % de los encuestados identificó la problemática asociada con los RSU, mientras que el 68 % percibió las consecuencias de la contaminación generada por estos residuos en distintos ámbitos sociales. Asimismo, en términos económico-políticos, el 46 % consideró que el problema de los RSU constituía una preocupación de gran envergadura. Finalmente, las entrevistas arrojaron luz sobre la magnitud del problema que representan los RSU en la comunidad, pues se evidenció la falta de implementación de conocimientos existentes y la deficiencia en la conciencia ambiental. Con base en estos hallazgos, se concibió el PEANFSRSU, el cual se estructuró en cuatro fases: contexto, estructuración, programación y evaluación. En conclusión, la problemática de los RSU en Las Vigas exige una respuesta concertada entre la comunidad y las autoridades.

Resumo Os resíduos surgem das atividades humanas, tornam-se presentes em diversos ambientes e impactam adversamente o meio ambiente. O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar uma proposta de Programa de Educação Ambiental Não Formal e Sustentável sobre Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (PEANFSRSU) na comunidade de Las Vigas, Guerrero, México. Os resíduos sólidos são analisados em várias áreas da ciência e disciplinas, incluindo ciências sociais, ambientais e educação. Esta pesquisa é justificada pelas problemáticas e desafios relacionados ao manejo inadequado dos resíduos sólidos urbanos na referida comunidade, bem como pela escassez de práticas e comportamentos adequados por parte dos habitantes. Foi um estudo misto, envolvendo observação no local, uma pesquisa com 56 pessoas e entrevistas com 42 informantes-chave. Os resultados do diagnóstico revelaram deficiências socioeconômicas e ambientais significativas. Sessenta e três por cento dos entrevistados reconheceram os problemas associados aos resíduos sólidos, enquanto 68% perceberam que a poluição causada por esses resíduos tem consequências em diversos aspectos sociais. Em termos econômico-políticos, 46% consideraram que o problema dos resíduos sólidos urbanos é de grande preocupação. A entrevista revelou que os resíduos sólidos representam um problema sério na comunidade, com falta de aplicação prática dos conhecimentos existentes e deficiências na conscientização ambiental. Com base nesses achados, o PEANFSRSU foi elaborado, estruturado em quatro fases: contexto, estruturação, programação e avaliação. Em conclusão, a problemática dos resíduos sólidos em Las Vigas exige uma resposta coordenada entre a comunidade e as autoridades.

Abstract (Introduction): Natural parks with a recreational vocation play a fundamental role in promoting pro-environmental actions among their visitors. However, for the Latin American region, the programs aimed at these purposes have not had the expected results; on the contrary, one of the causes that have intensified the environmental deterioration of the parks are recreational activities. One of the major challenges to promote conservation in these areas is the development of environmental awareness among visitors. (Objective): To analyze the stages of environmental awareness of 190 visitors to Sierra Morelos State Park, a natural protected area in the municipality of Toluca, State of Mexico, to support a management that strengthens conservation and generates attitudes and involves visitors in pro-environmental practices. (Methodology): In order to collect data, a structured questionnaire was designed based on the four dimensions of environmental awareness (cognitive, affective, conative and active). A factor analysis, a cluster analysis and to identify differences between groups a Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. (Results): Eleven factors were identified explaining 70.88 % of the cumulative variance. The cluster analysis identified three groups; Stage 1: passive discursive-intentional; Stage 2: environmental predisposition and Stage 3: affective of agreed actions. (Conclusions): The results show that there is no definite number of stages that explain one or several realities for which the human experiences are the key to environmental awareness.

Resumen (Introducción): Los parques naturales con vocación recreativa desempeñan un papel fundamental para fomentar acciones proambientales entre sus visitantes. Sin embargo, para la región de América Latina los programas dirigidos a estos propósitos no han tenido resultados esperados, por lo contrario, una de las causas que han intensificado el deterioro ambiental de los parques son las actividades recreativas. Entre los mayores retos para favorecer la conservación en estas áreas se encuentra el desarrollo de la conciencia ambiental de los visitantes. (Objetivo): Para sustentar una gestión que fortalezca la conservación y genere actitudes e involucre a los visitantes en prácticas proambientales, este estudio analiza la conciencia ambiental de 190 visitantes al Parque Estatal Sierra Morelos, área natural protegida, ubicada en el municipio de Toluca, Estado de México. (Metodología): Para recolectar los datos se diseñó un cuestionario estructurado, a partir de las cuatro dimensiones de la conciencia ambiental (cognitiva, afectiva, conativa y activa). Se realizó un análisis factorial, un análisis de conglomerados y una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para identificar las diferencias entre grupos. (Resultados): Fueron 11 factores identificados, explicando el 70.88 % de la varianza acumulada. El análisis de conglomerados identificó tres grupos; Estadio 1: discursivo-intencional pasivo; Estadio 2: predisposición ambiental y; Estadio 3: afectivo de acciones convenidas. (Conclusiones): Los resultados muestran que no existe un número definido de estadios que explique una o varias realidades y que las experiencias humanas con la naturaleza son la clave de la conciencia ambiental.

Abstract (Introduction): Environmental degradation and poverty are high priority on the agendas of international organizations of development and conservation. It is proposed that the relationship between poverty and conservation can be solved simultaneously, according to the Millennium Development Goals, and currently in the Sustainable Development Goals. (Objective): To describe the relationships that exist between poverty and conservation of natural assets within livelihoods in the study area, and to observe whether the establishment of a conservation policy and another of sustainable rural development in a neoliberal context contributed to solving both problems. (Methodology): A participatory-action-research was carried out, as a case study. Participatory workshops were conducted for the diagnosis of sustainable livelihoods in the Sierra and Valleys micro-regions of the municipality of Villaflores, Chiapas, Mexico. (Results): The influence of two prevailing rural development models, in different periods, on community livelihoods was observed. External forces that put pressure on livelihood strategies and that have failed to lift communities out of poverty; in the case of the Valleys, this promoted deforestation and degradation of natural assets, and in the case of the Sierra, conservation was achieved, but communities are in a situation of extreme poverty and high vulnerability. (Conclusions): Policies and initiatives imposed in a top-down manner have led not only to environmental deterioration, but also to vulnerability and the process of precariousness of rural families.

Resumen (Introducción): La degradación ambiental y la pobreza son prioridad en las agendas de los organismos internacionales de desarrollo y conservación. Se plantea que la relación pobreza y conservación puede ser resuelta simultáneamente, sobre todo, en países en vías de desarrollo, según los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, y, actualmente, en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. (Objetivo): Describir las relaciones que existen entre pobreza y conservación de los activos naturales dentro de los medios de vida en el área de estudio, y observar, si el establecimiento de una política de conservación y otra de desarrollo rural sustentable en un contexto neoliberal contribuyeron a resolver ambas problemáticas. (Metodología): Se realizó una investigación-acción-participativa, como estudio de caso. Se realizaron talleres participativos para el diagnóstico de los medios de vida sustentables en las microrregiones Sierra y Valles del municipio de Villaflores, Chiapas, México. (Resultados): Se observó la influencia de dos modelos de desarrollo rural imperantes, en distintos periodos, en los medios de vida de las comunidades. Fuerzas externas que presionan las estrategias de vida y que han fallado para sacar a las comunidades de la situación de pobreza; en el caso de los Valles, esto promovió la deforestación y la degradación de los activos naturales, y, en el caso de la Sierra, se logró conservar, pero las comunidades se encuentran en situación de pobreza extrema y alta vulnerabilidad. (Conclusión): Las políticas e iniciativas impuestas, de manera descendente (top down), han conducido no solo al deterioro ambiental, sino también a la vulnerabilidad y al proceso de precarización de las familias rurales.

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies directed against endogenous antigens causing various clinical manifestations, chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Although the pathophysiology of SLE remains unknown, it is recognized that genetic, epigenetic, environmental and neuroendocrine factors are involved in the development of the disease and its complications. A notable proportion of patients with SLE also present obesity, and this dysmetabolic profile can cause renal, musculoskeletal and/or respiratory deterioration, fatigue, various pathophysiological alterations and functional deterioration. In this context, precision nutrition emerges as a promising tool in the inflammatory control of SLE, especially in patients with associated obesity. Various studies demonstrate the beneficial influence of balanced dietary patterns in macronutrients with foods rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and polyphenols on the inflammatory control of SLE and the most diverse pathologies, highlighting the Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets. Finally, the intestinal microbiota may play a relevant role in this clinical scenario, since dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory processes and immune deregulation. It is believed that precision nutrition can modulate inflammatory profiles and immune dysfunctions to ensure better quality of life and metabolic well-being of SLE patients with the support of precision omics technologies.

Resumen El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por la producción de autoanticuerpos dirigidos contra antígenos endógenos causando diversas manifestaciones clínicas, inflamación crónica y daño tisular. Aunque la fisiopatología del LES sigue siendo desconocida, se reconoce que factores genéticos, epigenéticos, ambientales y neuroendocrinos están implicados en el desarrollo de la enfermedad y sus complicaciones. Una proporción notable de pacientes con LES presenta también obesidad, y este perfil dismetabólico puede producir deterioro renal, musculoesquelético y/o respiratorio, fatiga, diversas alteraciones fisiopatológicas y deterioro funcional. En este contexto, la nutrición de precisión emerge como una herramienta prometedora en el control inflamatorio del LES, especialmente en pacientes con obesidad asociada. Diversos estudios demuestran la influencia beneficiosa de patrones dietéticos equilibrados en macronutrientes con alimentos ricos en fibra, vitaminas, minerales, antioxidantes y polifenoles en el control inflamatorio del LES y de las más diversas patologías, destacando la dieta Mediterránea y las dietas basadas en plantas/vegetales. Por último, la microbiota intestinal puede tener un papel relevante en este escenario clínico, ya que la disbiosis se asocia con procesos inflamatorios y desregulación inmune. Se cree que con la nutrición de precisión se pueden modular los perfiles inflamatorios y las disfunciones inmunitarias para garantizar una mejor calidad de vida y el bienestar metabólico de los pacientes con LES con el apoyo de las tecnologías de precisión ómicas.

Resumen La plaza de mercado La esmeralda se ubica en Popayán (Cauca), un municipio del Suroccidente Colombiano, es un lugar de suministro de productos agrícolas, considerada como un punto crítico por el manejo de residuos y el deterioro de su entorno, que afecta principalmente a comerciantes de la zona. El objetivo fue evaluar el manejo de residuos e identificar los síntomas en salud más comunes en los comerciantes del sector. Se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva empleando lista de verificación, encuestas, entrevistas y narrativas con los comerciantes de la plaza. La información recopilada se sistematizó utilizando Microsoft Excel y se importó al programa BioEstat 5.0 para analizar las variables socio-demográficas, ocupacionales y realizar pruebas Chi2 para comparar la relación entre condiciones de sociodemográficas, estilo de vida, manejo de residuos y síntomas presentados. Se establece un incumplimiento del 67% para planes y programas y un 90% para los aspectos ambientales, reflejando de manera significativa el problema organizacional frente a programas ambientales en la plaza de mercado. En el aspecto salud, el 75% de los comerciantes presentan síntomas gastrointestinales, 65.6% diarrea y 53.12% náuseas o vómitos. Se identificó la inadecuada disposición de residuos como un factor que podría agravar los problemas ambientales y de salud en el sector. Adicional, se evidenció que el 65.6% de los comerciantes no recibieron capacitación para el manejo de residuos, destacando la necesidad de estrategias de educación ambiental acerca de manejo y disposición adecuada de residuos, se recomienda implementarlas de manera continua dirigidas a los comerciantes y a la población en general, con el objetivo de mejorar las condiciones de salud, fomentar el autocuidado y reducir la vulnerabilidad a enfermedades.

Abstract The La Esmeralda marketplace is located in Popayán (Cauca), a municipality in southwestern Colombia. It is a place where agricultural products are supplied and is considered a critical point due to waste management and the deterioration of its environment, which mainly affects traders in the area. The objective was to evaluate waste management and identify the most common health symptoms in the traders of the sector. Descriptive research was carried out using a checklist, surveys, interviews and narratives with merchants in the plaza. The information collected was systematized using Microsoft Excel and imported into the BioEstat 5.0 program to analyze the socio-demographic and occupational variables and to perform Chi2 tests to compare the relationship between sociodemographic conditions, lifestyle, waste management and symptoms presented. A non-compliance of 67% for plans and programs and 90% for environmental aspects is established, reflecting in a significant way the organizational problem regarding environmental programs in the market place. In terms of health, 75% of the traders had gastrointestinal symptoms, 65.6% diarrhea and 53.12% nausea or vomiting. Inadequate waste disposal was identified as a factor that could aggravate environmental and health problems in the sector. In addition, it was found that 65.6% of the merchants did not receive training in waste management, highlighting the need for environmental education strategies on proper waste management and disposal, which should be implemented on an ongoing basis for merchants and the general population, in order to improve health conditions, promote self-care and reduce vulnerability to disease.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the constant monitoring of environmental hygiene and, fundamentally, of water conditions, contributes to the good health of the population. That is why the use of information and communication technologies in the management of these processes is justified, responding to the need to reverse the continuous growth of the volume of information stored and to protect documents from loss and deterioration. Objective: to develop the Information Architecture for the Management of Communal and Water Hygiene at the Luis Augusto Turcios Lima University Polyclinic. Methods: research of Technological Innovation where the methodology of software development for Extreme Programming was followed, and applying theoretical and empirical methods for the analysis, review and modeling of the processes to be computerized. Results: it was found that the informatics proposal was based on managing the information of the different medical services, serving as a tool to help organize the system and provide more efficiency. Conclusions: information Architecture was developed through a computer prototype that avoids the accumulation of personnel who come to the institutions in search of answers to questions directed to knowledge or orientation for a given problem in terms of community projection.

RESUMEN Introducción: el monitoreo constante de la higiene ambiental y fundamentalmente de las condiciones del agua, contribuye al buen estado de salud de la población. Es por ello que se justifica el empleo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en la gestión de estos procesos, respondiendo a la necesidad de revertir el crecimiento continuo del volumen de información almacenado y proteger los documentos de la pérdida y el deterioro. Objetivo: desarrollar la Arquitectura de Información para la Gestión de la Higiene Comunal y de Agua en el Policlínico Universitario Luis Augusto Turcios Lima. Métodos: investigación de Innovación Tecnológica donde se siguió la metodología de desarrollo de software para Programación Extrema, y aplicando métodos teóricos y empíricos para el análisis, revisión y modelación de los procesos objetos de informatización. Resultados: se constató que la propuesta informática estaba basada en gestionar la información de los diferentes servicios médicos, sirviendo como herramienta para ayudar a organizar el sistema y proporcionar más eficiencia. Conclusiones: se desarrolló la Arquitectura de Información a través de un prototipo informático que evita el cumulo de personal que acude a las instituciones en busca de respuesta a preguntas dirigidas al conocimiento u orientación para una problemática determinada en función de la proyección comunitaria.

Resumo O uso e as mudanças na cobertura da terra estão afetando o meio ambiente global e os ecossistemas das diferentes biosferas. O monitoramento, relatório e verificação (MRV) dessas mudanças são de extrema importância, pois muitas vezes resultam em várias consequências ambientais globais, como degradação da terra, erosão em massa, deterioração do hábitat, bem como micro e macroclima das regiões. As tecnologias avançadas, como sensoriamento remoto (RS) e sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), são úteis para determinar / identificar essas mudanças. Na área de estudo atual, as mudanças nos estoques de carbono, principalmente em áreas florestais, estão resultando em uma dinâmica considerável dos estoques de carbono como resultado das mudanças climáticas e do sequestro de carbono. Este estudo foi realizado no distrito de Diamer de Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Paquistão, para investigar a mudança na mudança de cobertura / mudança de uso da terra (particularmente uso de terras florestais), bem como o potencial de sequestro de carbono das florestas no distrito durante quase os últimos 25 anos. A cobertura da terra, os dados temporais do Landsat (nível 1, LIT), foram baixados do USGS EROS (2016), para 1979-1989, 1990-2000 e 2001-2012. Mudanças nos usos da terra, particularmente na cobertura florestal, foram investigadas usando técnicas de SIG. O inventário florestal foi realizado por meio de técnicas de amostragem aleatória. Um lote padrão de 0,1 ha (n = 80) foi estabelecido para determinar a densidade das árvores, volume, biomassa e estoques de C. A simulação dos estoques de C foi realizada pela aplicação do modelo CO2FIX com a entrada de dados do inventário. Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição na cobertura florestal e de neve na região de 1979 a 2012. Da mesma forma, diminuição foi observada no volume da árvore, biomassa das árvores, dinâmica dos estoques de C e diminuição na densidade das árvores, respectivamente. É recomendado que precisemos de mais projetos como o BTAP (Billion Tree Afforestation Project) e o projeto Green Pakistan para aumentar a cobertura florestal, controlar as mudanças no uso da terra, proteger o ecossistema florestal e proteger a cobertura de neve.

Abstract Land use and land cover change are affecting the global environment and ecosystems of the different biospheres. Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of these changes is of utmost importance as they often results in several global environmental consequences such as land degradation, mass erosion, habitat deterioration as well as micro and macro climate of the regions. The advance technologies like remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) are helpful in determining/ identifying these changes. In the current study area, changes in carbon stocks, notably in forest areas, are resulting in considerable dynamics of carbon stocks as a result of climate change and carbon sequestration. This study was carried out in the Diamer district of the Gilgit Baltistan (GB) Pakistan to investigate the change in cover change/land use change (particularly Forest Land use) as well as carbon sequestration potential of the forests in the district during almost last 25years. The land cover, temporal Landsat data (level 1, LIT) were downloaded from the USGS EROS (2016), for 1979-1989, 1990-2000 and 2001-2012. Change in land uses, particularly forest cover was investigated using GIS techniques. Forest inventory was carried out using random sampling techniques. A standard plot of size 0.1 ha (n=80) was laid out to determine the tree density, volume, biomass and C stocks. Simulation of C stocks was accomplished by application of the CO2FIX model with the data input from inventory. Results showed a decrease in both forest and snow cover in the region from 1979-2012. Similarly decrease was seen in tree volume, tree Biomass, dynamics of C Stocks and decrease was in occur tree density respectively. It is recommended we need further more like project such as BTAP (Billion Tree Afforestation Project) and green Pakistan project to increase the forest cover, to control on land use change, protect forest ecosystem and to protect snow cover.

Abstract: Chinese philosophy is a philosophy of ecology. The basic problem of Chinese philosophy is the relationship between heaven and man, that is, the relationship between nature and man. This is evident in the main schools of Chinese philosophy, such as Confucianism and Taoism. A correct understanding and evaluation of Chinese ecological philosophy has important practical significance for us to reflect on the ecological imbalance and environmental deterioration caused by the industrial civilization, created under the guidance of the mechanical concept of nature and anthropocentrism, and to re-examine the way of human existence, development, thinking and values. This paper aims to explore the elements of eco-philosophy in Chinese philosophy and analyze its influence on the concept, value and practice of ecological civilization. Abstract ecology man Taoism civilization anthropocentrism reexamine re examine existence development values ecophilosophy eco

Resumen: La filosofía China es una filosofía de la ecología. El problema fundamental de la filosofía China es la relación entre el cielo y el hombre, es decir, la relación entre la naturaleza y el hombre. Esto es evidente en las principales escuelas de la filosofía China, como el confucianismo y el taoísmo. Una correcta comprensión y evaluación de la filosofía ecológica China tiene un importante significado práctico para nosotros para reflexionar sobre el desequilibrio ecológico y el deterioro ambiental causado por la civilización industrial creada bajo la guía del concepto mecánico de naturaleza y antropocentrismo, y para reexaminar la forma de la existencia humana, el desarrollo, el pensamiento y los valores. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar los elementos de la eco-filosofía en la filosofía China y analizar su influencia en el concepto, el valor y la práctica de la civilización ecológica. Resumen ecología hombre decir taoísmo antropocentrismo humana desarrollo valores ecofilosofía eco

The notion of sustainable development has garnered considerable prominence in recent years as global civilizations combat the problems presented by climate change and environmental deterioration. This article aims to investigate the Pentecostal theology of sustainable development, analysing its impact on societal change and the role of social entrepreneurship in sustainable Pentecostal theology within the mission framework. Pentecostalism is an energetic and active Christian strand that highlights the Holy Spirit's influence. This concept is based on the continuous existence and influence of the Holy Spirit, which enables believers to demonstrate their faith actively through practical actions. This religious framework offers a distinct viewpoint on sustainable development. The article uses a qualitative methodology, combining desktop data collection methods with document analysis of scholarly literature that explores the influence of social entrepreneurship on sustainable Pentecostal theology from a missional standpoint. The Pentecostals regard social entrepreneurship as a crucial instrument for achieving sustainable development. Social entrepreneurship integrates business principles with a dedication to achieving social impact. It aims to provide creative solutions to urgent social issues while assuring economic sustainability. From a Pentecostal standpoint, social entrepreneurship can be viewed as a manifestation of divine ingenuity in society, where individuals receive aid and are introduced to Jesus Christ. Pentecostals have a distinctive advantage in making valuable contributions to sustainable development initiatives because they focus on spiritual abilities like healing, prophecy, and discernment, which individuals actively pursue inside the church. These gifts can be used to tackle the fundamental reasons behind environmental degradation and social inequality. Pentecostals exhibit a robust sense of community and frequently participate in grassroots endeavours that advocate for ecological practices.

Resumo A utilização de índices é indicada no monitoramento e avaliação permanente de ecossistemas aquáticos, pois eles sintetizam a complexidade técnica do resultado das variáveis e traduzem esses resultados em classes de qualidade, refletindo ações implementadas e apontam caminhos para a recuperação e conservação de recursos. Índices do estado trófico do ambiente fornecem uma visão sobre como nutrientes, disponibilidade de luz e outros fatores estimulam o desenvolvimento da biomassa algal contribui para o aumento do enriquecimento da condição dos sistemas aquáticos. O Índice do Estado Trófico (IET) Lamparelli diferencia ambientes lênticos (menor produtividade fitoplanctônica) e lóticos (maiores concentrações de Fósforo e menores concentrações de Clorofila-a). O Índice de Proteção da Vida Aquática (IVA) reflete a qualidade da água com base no estado trófico do ambiente, determina o grau de toxicidade para a biota e ainda indica deficiência em variáveis e condições essenciais para a proteção da vida aquática. Os índices foram aplicados a uma longa série de dados no monitoramento do Reservatório Guarapiranga, um reservatório urbano, localizado no Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, que sofre com ocupação urbana em seu entorno e aporte de efluentes domésticos. A avaliação da série temporal de 1978 a 2021 com esses índices mostrou piora na condição trófica e de preservação da vida aquática no reservatório e em um dos tributários. Considerando que a avaliação conjunta dos dois índices fornece um enfoque de conservação ambiental, sua utilização em longo prazo refletiu alterações e impactos ao ambiente, mostrando ainda os locais mais conservados. Os resultados mostraram que os dois índices são indicados para aplicação em uma rede básica em ambientes subtropicais, aptos a indicar locais para aprimoramento do monitoramento e sensíveis às alterações ambientais. aquáticos recursos nutrientes IET (IET menor fitoplanctônica maiores Clorofilaa. Clorofilaa Clorofila . Clorofila-a) IVA (IVA Guarapiranga urbano Paulo Brasil domésticos 197 202 tributários ambiental conservados subtropicais ambientais Clorofila-a 19 20 1 2

Abstract The use of indices is recommended for continuous monitoring and assessment of aquatic ecosystems, as they summarize the technical complexity of the results of multiple analyzes performed and translate these results into quality classes that reflect the actions taken and indicate ways to recover and conserve the resources. Environmental trophic state indices provide information on how nutrients, light availability and other factors promote the development of algal biomass and contribute to increased enrichment status of aquatic systems. Lamparelli's Trophic State Index (TSI) distinguishes between lentic (lower phytoplankton productivity) and lotic (higher phosphorus concentrations and lower chlorophyll-a concentrations) environments. The Aquatic Life Protection Index (ALPI) reflects water quality based on the trophic state of the environment, determines the degree of toxicity to biota and indicates deficiencies in variables and conditions essential for the protection of aquatic life. The indices were applied to a long data series to monitor the Guarapiranga Reservoir, an urban reservoir in the state of São Paulo in southeastern Brazil, which suffers from the urbanization of its surroundings and the discharge of domestic wastewater. The evaluation of the time series from 1978 to 2021 using these indices showed a deterioration in the trophic status and conservation of aquatic life in the reservoir and in one of its tributaries. Considering that the joint assessment of the two indices provides an approach to environmental conservation, their long-term use reflected changes and impacts on the environment and showed the best-preserved sites. Both indices are suitable for application in a baseline network in subtropical environments. They can pinpoint locations for better monitoring and are sensitive to environmental changes. ecosystems resources nutrients systems Lamparellis Lamparelli s TSI (TSI productivity higher chlorophylla chlorophyll environments ALPI (ALPI Reservoir Brazil wastewater 197 202 tributaries longterm term bestpreserved best preserved sites 19 20 1 2