Resumen La industria curtidora necesita implementar cambios y adoptar tecnologías innovadoras para garantizar una gestión eficiente, enfocada en la sostenibilidad ambiental, social y económica. El trabajo se desarrolló en el año 2022, con el fin de proponer mejoras al proyecto "Arte del Cuero" en la Isla de la Juventud, especialmente para tratar las pieles de ganado vacuno generadas en la Unidad Empresarial de Base Cárnico "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". La recopilación de datos se realizó a través de diversas fuentes, incluyendo el área de tecnología de producción, entrevistas a los productores de la minindustria y a la Unidad Empresarial de Base Cárnico "Abel Santamaría", así como mediante observaciones directas de los procesos tecnológicos. Entre los problemas identificados se encuentran: dificultades en procesamiento, equipamiento obsoleto, capacidad insuficiente, transporte limitado y falta de estudio económico. Entre los resultados destacados, se enfatiza la necesidad de coordinar con las unidades productivas pecuarias para el cuidado en el marcaje de las pieles de los animales, lo que garantiza así la utilización óptima de todos los cueros disponibles. El cumplimiento del objetivo no solo arrojó resultados concretos, sino que también se implicó en la promoción del procesamiento de pieles mediante una minindustria de tenería, con la colaboración de actores locales para fortalecer el proyecto. Se propusieron acciones específicas que no solo mejoraron la eficiencia y sostenibilidad del proceso productivo, sino que también garantizaron la disponibilidad de materia prima a nivel local para consolidar así el proyecto como un referente para el aprovechamiento de las pieles generadas por la industria cárnica.

Resumo A indústria de curtumes precisa implementar mudanças e adotar tecnologias inovadoras para garantir uma gestão eficiente, com foco na sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no ano de 2022, com o objetivo de propor melhorias para o projeto "Arte do Couro" na Ilha da Juventude, especialmente para o tratamento de peles bovinas geradas na Unidade de Negócios de Base de Carne "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado". A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de várias fontes, incluindo a área de tecnologia de produção, entrevistas com produtores da mini-indústria e da Unidade Empresarial de Base Cárnica "Abel Santamaría", bem como por meio de observações diretas dos processos tecnológicos. Entre os problemas identificados estavam: dificuldades de processamento, equipamentos obsoletos, capacidade insuficiente, transporte limitado e falta de estudos econômicos. Entre os resultados destacados estava a necessidade de coordenar com as unidades de produção de gado para assegurar que as peles dos animais sejam cuidadosamente marcadas, garantindo assim o uso ideal de todas as peles disponíveis. A realização do objetivo não só produziu resultados concretos, mas também envolveu a promoção do processamento de peles por meio de uma indústria de mini curtumes, com a colaboração de atores locais para fortalecer o projeto. Foram propostas ações específicas que não só melhoraram a eficiência e a sustentabilidade do processo de produção, mas também garantiram a disponibilidade de matéria-prima em nível local para consolidar o projeto como uma referência para o uso de peles geradas pela indústria de carnes.

Abstract The tanning industry needs to implement changes and adopt innovative technologies to guarantee efficient management, focused on environmental, social and economic sustainability. The work was carried out in 2022, in order to propose improvements to the "Leather Art" project on the Isla de la Juventud, especially to treat the cattle skins generated in the "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" Meat-Based Business Unit. Data collection was carried out through various sources, including the production technology area, interviews with mini-industry producers and the "Abel Santamaría" Meat-Based Business Unit, as well as through direct observations of technological processes. Among the problems identified are: difficulties in processing, obsolete equipment, insufficient capacity, limited transportation and lack of economic study. Among the highlighted results, the need to coordinate with livestock production units for the care and marking of animal skins is emphasized, thus guaranteeing the optimal use of all available hides. Fulfillment of the objective not only yielded concrete results, but was also involved in the promotion of leather processing through a mini-tannery industry, with the collaboration of local actors to strengthen the project. Specific actions were proposed that not only improved the efficiency and sustainability of the production process, but also guaranteed the availability of raw materials at the local level to consolidate the project as a reference for the use of skins generated by the meat industry.

BACKGROUND: Despite inpatient rehabilitation many stroke survivors struggle with community reintegration on returning home. The environment to which the stroke survivor returns affects and may limit participation in home and community-based activities. AIM: To describe stroke survivors' lived experiences of the environmental barriers and facilitators to community reintegration in an under resourced urban metropolitan sub-district in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive, qualitative study design with a phenomenological emphasis used semi-structured interviews to collect the data from purposefully selected stroke survivors who had been discharged for more than one year following inpatient rehabilitation. Supporting data were collected from interviews with two occupational therapists providing rehabilitation services to the stroke survivors. Deductive priori coding of semi-structured interviews with 11 stroke survivors, based on the environment subsystems described in the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model explored the barriers and facilitators to their community reintegration. FINDINGS: Of the six environmental sub systems in the PEOP model the systems and policy, access to information and health education, social determinants of health in the form of poor rehabilitation planning and loss of income as well as the built and natural environment presented the greatest barriers to the stroke survivor participants' community reintegration. However, reintegration was facilitated by social support and social capital, social determinants of health in the form of support groups as well as assistive technologies. CONCLUSION: Community reintegration continues to be a challenge for stroke survivors in an under-resourced urban sub-district due to environmental barriers associated with factors such as poor social support, inadequate implementation of policies and systems, poor compliance with home programmes, low socioeconomic status, poor access within the built and natural environment and inappropriate assistive devices. Several facilitators that occupational therapists can focus on to enable community reintegration included ensuring effective social support, access to community-based organisations, the introduction of home visits and provision of appropriate assistive devices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE All stroke survivors must receive a comprehensive discharge plan to facilitate adequate access to continued rehabilitation and support for successful community reintegration. • There must be a specific referral to primary health care rehabilitation services on discharge from hospital. • Occupational therapists at community level have the responsibility to: o advocate for, or assist stroke survivors to self-advocate, the removal of inter-sectoral environmental barriers that limit their community reintegration and community participation, o where possible provide services in the home and involve midlevel workers when conducting home visits to enable successful reintegration into the home and resumption of occupational roles where possible, o look to other resources in their community that can assist in facilitating the community reintegration of stroke survivors to enable access to health, education, productive activities, and social and leisure participation opportunities, o improve their collaboration with the communities that they service.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Influenza is a global threat, with high epidemic potential and affects between 5 and 15% of the world's population annually. In the hospital environment, vaccination is crucial to protect healthcare professionals. However, despite international recommendations, vaccination uptake is low due to safety concerns and/or distrust. Studies show that vaccinated professionals have lower rates of absenteeism, and when infected with the virus, they present milder symptoms. In this work, a retrospective cross-sectional observational study is carried out on the vaccination rate against this disease in a population of hospital-based workers, from 2019 to 2023. To understand the importance of vaccination against Influenza in these workers and which behavioral determinants may justify considering this evolution, we carried out a review of the challenges of vaccination among health professionals and identified key points to develop strategies with the aim of promoting adherence to vaccination campaigns. Methodology: For the observational study, vaccination data from hospital health professionals by the Occupational Health Service was used, recorded on a specific form at the time of administration. Professional category was the only variable considered. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel®. For the review, the databases Medline, Science Direct and Google Scholar were used, with the keywords "Influenza vaccine”, “health professional” and “behaviour”, selecting studies from 2010 to 2024. From the result of 1277 works, the exclusion criteria, which included vaccination for other diseases and target populations that did not include health professionals, 22 bibliographic sources were selected. To reflect the national reality, articles on the topic published by the Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online were included, as well as complementary studies and reference documents. Results: The study of adherence to flu vaccination in this hospital peripheral to Lisbon, between 2019 and 2023, showed a variation in vaccination adherence, with an average of 30%, a value below the ones reported in other countries. The categories most hesitant about this vaccine were Nursing Staff and Technical Assistants; at the opposite extreme, there was greater adherence from Medical Personnel and Technical Assistants. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, an increasing number of professionals were vaccinated annually, with this trend reversing after the end of the global emergency of this disease. From the review of the literature on vaccine hesitancy, 8 of the 14 behavioral domains stand out that represent theories of behavioral change that constitute modifiable factors that influence behavior in relation to the vaccine. We approach each of them from this perspective, namely: knowledge, the environmental context and resources, social influence, beliefs and knowledge about consequences, beliefs about individual capacity, identity and social/professional role, reinforcement and emotion. Discussion: Flu vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals can be a cause of morbidity and mortality for patients. Understanding the barriers and motivation for healthcare professionals to adhere to flu vaccination campaigns is crucial. Professionals who are asymptomatic carriers become sources of transmission. Annual vaccination, although safe and effective, faces variability due to antigenic concordance. In Portugal, educational and communication strategies are vital, highlighting the role of health professionals as models of preventive behavior. Easy access to medical consultations and Occupational Health recommendations is associated with greater adherence. In times of pandemic, the propensity for vaccination has increased, and it is important to promote this change. Strategies adapted to the cultural context are essential to boost adherence to Influenza vaccination among healthcare professionals. Conclusion: The approach to combating barriers and promoting vaccination among healthcare professionals must involve multiple areas and multiple levels, with communication targeted at specific groups, to increase its effectiveness. The message must be adapted to different population groups and different levels of health literacy. Knowing these behavioral determinants can help develop vaccination promotion campaigns from new perspectives and finding strategies to increase vaccination coverage is crucial for Occupational Health Services. Due to the ethical characteristics of the professions involved in providing direct care to patients, there is a need to reinforce the idea that vaccination among healthcare professionals is not only for their benefit, but above all for the protection of their patients.

RESUMO Introdução: A Gripe é uma ameaça global, com alto potencial epidémico e afeta anualmente entre 5 a 15% da população mundial. No ambiente hospitalar, a vacinação é crucial para proteger os Profissionais de Saúde. No entanto, apesar das recomendações internacionais, a adesão é baixa devido a preocupações de segurança e/ou desconfiança. Estudos mostram que os profissionais vacinados têm menores taxas de absentismo e, perante infeção pelo vírus, apresentam sintomatologia mais ligeira. Neste trabalho é realizado um estudo observacional transversal retrospetivo da taxa de vacinação contra esta doença numa população de trabalhadores de base hospitalar, no período de 2019 a 2023. Para compreender a importância da vacinação contra a Influenza nestes trabalhadores e quais os determinantes comportamentais que podem justificar esta evolução, realizou-se uma revisão dos desafios da vacinação entre Profissionais de Saúde, para identificar pontos chave e elaborar estratégias com o objetivo de promover a adesão às campanhas de vacinação. Metodologia: Para o estudo observacional da taxa de adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe num hospital periférico foram utilizados os dados de vacinação dos Profissionais de Saúde disponibilizados nos registos do Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional. A categoria profissional foi a única variável considerada. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o Microsoft® Excel®. Para a revisão recorreu-se às bases de dados Medline, Science Direct, Google Scholar; com as palavras-chave "Influenza vaccine”; “health professional” e “behaviour" e filtraram-se estudos de 2010 a 2024. Resultaram 1277 trabalhos e, após aplicar os critérios de exclusão, que incluíam vacinação para outras doenças e populações alvo que não os Profissionais de Saúde, foram selecionadas 22 fontes bibliográficas. Para espelhar a realidade nacional foram incluídos os artigos sobre o tema publicados pela Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online, assim como estudos complementares e documentos de referência. Resultados: O estudo da adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe neste hospital periférico a Lisboa, entre 2019 e 2023, mostrou uma variação na adesão à vacinação, com uma média de 30%, valor abaixo dos valores reportados noutros países. As categorias com maior hesitação a esta vacina foram o Pessoal de Enfermagem e os Assistentes Técnicos. Na situação oposta estavam o Pessoal Médico e os Assistentes Técnicos. Durante a Pandemia COVID-19 existiu um número crescente de profissionais vacinados anualmente, tendo esta tendência invertido após o fim da emergência global desta doença. Da revisão da bibliografia sobre a hesitação vacinal destaca-se 8 dos 14 domínios comportamentais que representam as teorias de mudança comportamental que constituem fatores modificáveis que influenciam a atitude em relação à vacina. Abordou-se sobre esta perspetiva cada um deles, nomeadamente, o conhecimento; o contexto ambiental e recursos; influência social; crenças e conhecimento sobre consequências; bem como sobre a capacidade individual; identidade e papel social/profissional; reforço e emoção. Discussão: A hesitação vacinal contra a Gripe entre Profissionais de Saúde pode ser uma causa de morbilidade e mortalidade para os doentes. Compreender as barreiras e motivação para a adesão dos Profissionais de Saúde às campanhas de vacinação contra a Gripe é crucial. Profissionais portadores assintomáticos, tornam-se fontes de transmissão. A vacinação anual, embora segura e eficaz, enfrenta variabilidade devido à concordância antigénica. Em Portugal, estratégias educacionais e de comunicação são vitais, destacando o papel dos Profissionais de Saúde como modelos de comportamento preventivo. O acesso fácil a consultas médicas e tal ser recomendado pela Saúde Ocupacional é associado a maior adesão. Em tempos de pandemia, a propensão à vacinação aumentou, importando promover esta mudança. Estratégias adaptadas ao contexto cultural são essenciais para impulsionar a adesão à vacinação contra a Gripe entre Profissionais de Saúde. Conclusão: A abordagem para combater as barreiras e promover a vacinação nos Profissionais de Saúde deve envolver múltiplas áreas e vários níveis, com uma comunicação dirigida a grupos específicos, para aumentar a sua eficácia. Deve adaptar-se a mensagem aos diferentes grupos populacionais e aos diferentes níveis de literacia em saúde. Conhecer estes determinantes comportamentais pode ajudar a desenvolver campanhas de promoção da vacinação a partir de novas perspetivas e encontrar estratégias para aumentar a cobertura vacinal é crucial para os Serviços de Saúde Ocupacional. Pelas características éticas das profissões envolvidas na prestação de cuidados diretos aos doentes, existe a necessidade de reforçar a ideia de que a vacinação entre Profissionais de Saúde não é apenas para seu benefício mas, acima de tudo, para proteção dos seus doentes.

Effective clinical interventions to engage in new habits remain a challenge despite intense research. One such strategy is to include the environmental issue of plastic packaging from ultra-processed food in nutrition recommendations. It expands the notion of health, contributing to engaging in healthy eating behaviors, in addition to being an ethical practice for health professionals. It brings co-benefits for both the environment and individual health through motivational incentives of less individual pollution, contributing to healthier food systems. Primary health professionals should be prepared to deal with risks of plastics and waste reduction strategies in their practice.

ABSTRACT Mental health in the Unified Health System has experienced a dispute between disease-centered care and socio-environmental determinants. The study of state co-financing of the Psychosocial Care Network in Rio de Janeiro (2019 to 2022) aimed to explain how theoretical-conceptual elements about mental health were relevant in interfederative financing decisions in this period. A review of federal and state regulations of the Intermanagement Committees (Bipartite and Tripartite), technical notes and Fala.BR site was carried out. The documents demonstrated the interfederative rupture in relation to territorial and community-based mental health care. During this period, while the Ministry of Health directed its agenda towards outpatient and specialized care, Rio de Janeiro increased the state’s financial resource for mental health by R$ 175 million to strengthen Psychosocial Care Centers and Therapeutic Residential Services qualified or eligible for qualification. The deinstitutionalization of asylum survivors and the expansion of the care network for crisis situations are results found in Rio de Janeiro. The conclusion of the study suggests the construction of an interfederative monitoring methodology for public mental health financing so that the delivery of care is increasingly closer to the needs of citizens and territorial vulnerabilities. diseasecentered disease centered socioenvironmental socio environmental determinants cofinancing co 2019 (201 2022 theoreticalconceptual theoretical conceptual period Bipartite Tripartite, Tripartite , Tripartite) FalaBR Fala BR out communitybased community based states s R 17 qualification vulnerabilities 201 (20 202 1 20 (2 2 (

RESUMO A saúde mental no Sistema Único de Saúde vive uma disputa entre o cuidado centrado na doença e os determinantes socioambientais. O estudo do cofinanciamento estadual da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no Rio de Janeiro (2019 a 2022) visou observar como elementos teórico-conceituais sobre saúde mental foram relevantes nas decisões de financiamento interfederativo nesse período. Realizou-se revisão de normativas federais e estaduais das Comissões Intergestores (Bipartite e Tripartite), notas técnicas e consultas ao Fala.BR. Os documentos demonstraram a ruptura interfederativa com relação ao cuidado da saúde mental de base territorial e comunitária. Nesse período, enquanto o Ministério da Saúde direcionava sua agenda para o cuidado ambulatorial e especializado, o Rio de Janeiro ampliou o recurso financeiro estadual à saúde mental em R$ 175 milhões para fortalecer Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos habilitados ou elegíveis para habilitação. A desinstitucionalização de sobreviventes dos manicômios e a expansão da rede de cuidados de atenção às situações de crise são resultados encontrados. A conclusão do estudo sugere a construção de metodologia de monitoramento interfederativo do financiamento da saúde mental pública para que a entrega do cuidado esteja cada vez mais próxima das necessidades dos munícipes e das vulnerabilidades territoriais. socioambientais 2019 (201 2022 teóricoconceituais teórico conceituais período Realizouse Realizou se Bipartite Tripartite, Tripartite , Tripartite) FalaBR Fala BR Fala.BR comunitária especializado R 17 habilitação encontrados territoriais 201 (20 202 1 20 (2 2 (

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a exposição aos agrotóxicos e os danos à saúde dos trabalhadores das plantações de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco. Trata-se de pesquisa participante desenvolvida em territórios rurais de cinco municípios com forte expressão em área plantada de cana-de-açúcar. Os dados primários foram produzidos em oficinas com trabalhadores rurais para construção de diagnóstico rural participativo, analisados mediante condensação de significados e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico da epidemiologia crítico latino-americana. Os resultados estão apresentados em três seções: i) Fluxograma do trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar; ii) Exposição aos agrotóxicos utilizados nas lavouras; iii) Danos à saúde do trabalhador. Conclui-se que a exposição permanente aos agrotóxicos envolve o trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar e emerge de um construto histórico e socioambiental, em que se encontram subsumidos os modos de vida dos territórios sob o domínio do agronegócio canavieiro. Recomendam-se políticas públicas de fomento à agricultura familiar com diversificação, escoamento e distribuição da produção agroecológica, além do fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde e de ações integradas de vigilância epidemiológica, sanitária, ambiental e do trabalhador. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar Pernambuco Tratase Trata canadeaçúcar. açúcar. participativo latinoamericana. latinoamericana latino americana. americana latino-americana seções i ii lavouras iii trabalhador Concluise Conclui socioambiental canavieiro Recomendamse Recomendam diversificação agroecológica epidemiológica sanitária

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze exposure to pesticides and harm to the health of workers on sugarcane plantations in Pernambuco. This participatory research was conducted in rural territories of five municipalities with a strong presence in sugarcane-planted areas. The primary data were produced in workshops with rural workers to construct a participatory rural diagnosis, analyzed through condensation of meanings, and interpreted in light of the theoretical framework of Latin American critical epidemiology. The results are presented in three sections: i) Flowchart of work on sugarcane plantations; ii) Exposure to pesticides used on crops; iii) Harm to worker’s health. We conclude that permanent exposure to pesticides involves working on sugarcane plantations and emerges from a historical and socio-environmental construct in which the ways of life of the territories under the control of sugarcane agribusiness are subsumed. Public policies are recommended to promote family farming with diversification, flow, distribution of agroecological production, and strengthening primary health care and integrated epidemiological, health, environmental, and worker surveillance actions. Pernambuco sugarcaneplanted planted areas diagnosis meanings epidemiology sections i ii crops iii s socioenvironmental socio environmental subsumed diversification flow production epidemiological actions

ABSTRACT Mental health in the Unified Health System has experienced a dispute between disease-centered care and socio-environmental determinants. The study of state co-financing of the Psychosocial Care Network in Rio de Janeiro (2019 to 2022) aimed to explain how theoretical-conceptual elements about mental health were relevant in interfederative financing decisions in this period. A review of federal and state regulations of the Intermanagement Committees (Bipartite and Tripartite), technical notes and Fala.BR site was carried out. The documents demonstrated the interfederative rupture in relation to territorial and community-based mental health care. During this period, while the Ministry of Health directed its agenda towards outpatient and specialized care, Rio de Janeiro increased the state’s financial resource for mental health by R$ 175 million to strengthen Psychosocial Care Centers and Therapeutic Residential Services qualified or eligible for qualification. The deinstitutionalization of asylum survivors and the expansion of the care network for crisis situations are results found in Rio de Janeiro. The conclusion of the study suggests the construction of an interfederative monitoring methodology for public mental health financing so that the delivery of care is increasingly closer to the needs of citizens and territorial vulnerabilities.

RESUMO A saúde mental no Sistema Único de Saúde vive uma disputa entre o cuidado centrado na doença e os determinantes socioambientais. O estudo do cofinanciamento estadual da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no Rio de Janeiro (2019 a 2022) visou observar como elementos teórico-conceituais sobre saúde mental foram relevantes nas decisões de financiamento interfederativo nesse período. Realizou-se revisão de normativas federais e estaduais das Comissões Intergestores (Bipartite e Tripartite), notas técnicas e consultas ao Fala.BR. Os documentos demonstraram a ruptura interfederativa com relação ao cuidado da saúde mental de base territorial e comunitária. Nesse período, enquanto o Ministério da Saúde direcionava sua agenda para o cuidado ambulatorial e especializado, o Rio de Janeiro ampliou o recurso financeiro estadual à saúde mental em R$ 175 milhões para fortalecer Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos habilitados ou elegíveis para habilitação. A desinstitucionalização de sobreviventes dos manicômios e a expansão da rede de cuidados de atenção às situações de crise são resultados encontrados. A conclusão do estudo sugere a construção de metodologia de monitoramento interfederativo do financiamento da saúde mental pública para que a entrega do cuidado esteja cada vez mais próxima das necessidades dos munícipes e das vulnerabilidades territoriais.

Abstract (Introduction): Green State accreditation program is an instrument created by the Chilean Ministry of the Environment so that Chilean public institutions, on a voluntary basis, can conduct environmental management in their facilities. Among the main purposes of the program, it seeks to encourage the advance of environmental habits in public officials through environmental education. (Objective): To determine if the educational and communicational campaigns promoted by the program have generated changes in the environmental habits and behaviors of civil servants. (Methodology): The combined method was used, and for this purpose a survey was designed, on a universe of 25 000 employees obtaining a sample of 270 cases, with a confidence level of 90 % and an error level of 5 %. In addition, 15 in-depth interviews were conducted. The results were analyzed separately and then a cross analysis was developed. (Results): Officials recognize changes in habits favorable to environmental care in their institutions, although these are not generalized. (Conclusions): While the Green State accreditation program does induce changes in habits and behaviors among public employees, it requires additional reinforcement in the promotion of its educational strategies and modifications in certain requirements to fully achieve its goal in non-formal environmental education. Furthermore, the findings may be useful for Latin American States to adopt pro-environmental actions in the administrative functioning of their public institutions

Resumen (Introducción): El programa Estado Verde es un instrumento de acreditación creado por el Ministerio del Medio Ambiente de Chile para que las instituciones públicas del país, de forma voluntaria, puedan desarrollar una gestión ambiental en sus dependencias. El programa busca, entre sus principales fines, fomentar el desenvolvimiento de hábitos ambientales en las personas funcionarias públicas, mediante la educación ambiental. (Objetivo): Determinar si las campañas educacionales y comunicacionales que promueve el programa han generado cambios en los hábitos y las conductas ambientales del personal público. (Metodología): Se utilizó el método combinado y para ello se elaboró una encuesta, sobre un universo de 25 000 personas funcionarias. Se obtuvo una muestra de 270 casos, con un nivel de confianza del 90 % y de error de 5 %. Asimismo, se aplicaron 15 entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados se analizaron por separado y luego se efectuó un análisis cruzado. (Resultados): Las personas funcionarias reconocen cambios de hábitos favorables para el cuidado ambiental en sus instituciones, aunque estos no son generalizados. (Conclusiones): Si bien el programa Estado Verde genera cambios de hábitos y conductas en el personal público, requiere un reforzamiento en el fomento de sus estrategias educativas y de modificaciones en algunas exigencias, para un pleno cumplimiento de su objetivo en materia de educación ambiental no formal. Asimismo, los hallazgos pueden ser útiles para que los Estados latinoamericanos adopten acciones proambientales en el funcionamiento administrativo de sus instituciones públicas.

Abstract Sustainable Corporate Finance is an important mechanism to address the climate crisis and its adverse effects on society and the environment. Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria have been proposed and implemented as a normative evaluation framework for companies in multiple sectors. However, ESG studies are not yet fully conclusive, but they serve to incorporate more than economic criteria to investment decisions in companies, and in this way, to focus on responsible investments. Among a variety of criteria, corporate responsibility and diversity in top management positions have gained significance today. Given this context, the aim of this study is to analyze the effect of including women in top leadership positions within high-cap companies and their impact on ESG indicators, with a particular focus on organizations in the industrial sector. A longitudinal study was conducted using balanced panel data of the companies that make up the Standard and Poor's 500, linear regression with random effects was estimated, as well as impact analysis using the Synthetic Difference in Difference (SDID). The results show a slight increase in the participation of women in top management (CEO), particularly in the last years (2020-2022). In addition, there is a statistically positive incidence between the participation of a female CEO in a better performance of the ESG indicators of the companies, with an impact of 0.2401 points, being the environmental criterion the most impacted with 0.6522 points.

Resumen Las finanzas corporativas sustentables son un mecanismo importante para hacer frente a la crisis climática y sus efectos adversos a la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Particularmente, se han propuesto e implementado los indicadores Ambiental, Social y Gobierno (ESG, por sus siglas en inglés) como un marco normativo de evaluación para las empresas de múltiples sectores. Los estudios realizados en materia de ESG aun no son concluyentes del todo, pero sirven para incorporar más que criterios económicos a las decisiones de inversión en las empresas y, de esta forma, orientarse en las inversiones responsables. Entre una variedad de criterios, la responsabilidad corporativa y la diversidad en posiciones de alta dirección ha cobrado relevancia en la actualidad. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la inclusión de mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo de alta dirección en las empresas de alta capitalización y su impacto en los indicadores ESG, realizando un especial énfasis en las organizaciones del sector industrial. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal a través de datos panel balanceados de las empresas que componen el índice Standard & Poor's 500, se estimó la regresión lineal con efectos aleatorios, así como del análisis de impacto mediante la Estimación Sintética de las Diferencias (SDID). Los resultados muestran un leve incremento en la participación de las mujeres en los altos mandos (CEO), particularmente en los últimos años (2020-2022). Además, existe una incidencia estadísticamente positiva entre la participación de una mujer CEO en un mejor desempeño de los indicadores ESG de las empresas, con un impacto de 0.2401 puntos, siendo el indicador ambiental el mayor impactado, con 0.6522 puntos.

Abstract This research aims to analyze the perception of the students of the eighth semester of the Bachelor's Degree in Accounting assigned to the Universidad Veracruzana on the educational experience of environmental accounting taken in the February-July 2023 semester. In this cross-sectional quantitative study, applied a questionnaire to 237 students. The instrument consists of Likert scale responses constructed with the content of the theoretical knowledge of the environmental accounting subject. The results show that the majority of students consider that it is important both for their professional training and for their job performance to take the subject of environmental accounting. Identifying results on the application of environmental accounting in the educational environment as part of the training of an accounting graduate dictates the originality of this study, since training students with an environmental perspective contributes to having a professional with a vision consistent with conservation and care. of natural resources, therefore, knowing their perception from an accounting perspective is a step towards sustainable development. As future research, it is sought that the instrument be applied after a year after the students have graduated to identify the impact on the labor field, since it is concluded that the future graduate in accounting, being trained with an environmental vision, demonstrates the maturity of environmental accounting, which contributes to the sustainable development of society.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a percepção dos alunos do oitavo semestre da licenciatura em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Veracruzana sobre a experiência educacional em contabilidade ambiental realizada durante o semestre de fevereiro a julho de 2023. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo do tipo desenho transversal quantitativo, e foi aplicado um questionário a 237 alunos no qual foi investigado o conteúdo teórico da disciplina Contabilidade Ambiental. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a maioria dos estudantes considera que a frequência da referida disciplina é importante tanto para a sua formação profissional como para o seu desempenho profissional. A originalidade deste estudo reside na identificação de dados sobre a aplicação da contabilidade ambiental no ambiente educacional como parte integrante da formação do graduado em Ciências Contábeis. Como pesquisa futura, propõe-se a aplicação do mesmo instrumento um ano após a graduação dos alunos, a fim de identificar o impacto da formação em contabilidade ambiental no seu desempenho profissional. Conclui-se, portanto, que um futuro graduado em contabilidade formado com visão ambiental demonstra a maturidade da contabilidade ambiental, que constitui uma contribuição fundamental para o desenvolvimento sustentável da sociedade.

Resumen La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de los estudiantes del octavo semestre de la licenciatura en Contaduría de la Universidad Veracruzana sobre la experiencia educativa de contabilidad ambiental cursada durante el semestre febrero-julio de 2023. Para ello, se diseñó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo de corte transversal, y se aplicó un cuestionario a 237 estudiantes en el que se indagaba sobre el contenido teórico de la asignatura de Contabilidad Ambiental. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la mayoría de los estudiantes consideran que cursar la referida asignatura es importante tanto para su formación profesional como para su desempeño laboral. La originalidad de este estudio radica en la identificación de datos sobre la aplicación de la contabilidad ambiental en el entorno educativo como parte integral de la formación de un licenciado en Contaduría. Como futuras investigaciones se propone aplicar el mismo instrumento después de un año de que los estudiantes hayan egresado con el fin de identificar el impacto de la formación en contabilidad ambiental en su desempeño laboral. Se concluye, por tanto, que un futuro licenciado en Contaduría formado con una visión ambiental demuestra la madurez de la contabilidad ambiental, la cual constituye un aporte fundamental para el desarrollo sustentable de la sociedad.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze exposure to pesticides and harm to the health of workers on sugarcane plantations in Pernambuco. This participatory research was conducted in rural territories of five municipalities with a strong presence in sugarcane-planted areas. The primary data were produced in workshops with rural workers to construct a participatory rural diagnosis, analyzed through condensation of meanings, and interpreted in light of the theoretical framework of Latin American critical epidemiology. The results are presented in three sections: i) Flowchart of work on sugarcane plantations; ii) Exposure to pesticides used on crops; iii) Harm to worker’s health. We conclude that permanent exposure to pesticides involves working on sugarcane plantations and emerges from a historical and socio-environmental construct in which the ways of life of the territories under the control of sugarcane agribusiness are subsumed. Public policies are recommended to promote family farming with diversification, flow, distribution of agroecological production, and strengthening primary health care and integrated epidemiological, health, environmental, and worker surveillance actions.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a exposição aos agrotóxicos e os danos à saúde dos trabalhadores das plantações de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco. Trata-se de pesquisa participante desenvolvida em territórios rurais de cinco municípios com forte expressão em área plantada de cana-de-açúcar. Os dados primários foram produzidos em oficinas com trabalhadores rurais para construção de diagnóstico rural participativo, analisados mediante condensação de significados e interpretados à luz do referencial teórico da epidemiologia crítico latino-americana. Os resultados estão apresentados em três seções: i) Fluxograma do trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar; ii) Exposição aos agrotóxicos utilizados nas lavouras; iii) Danos à saúde do trabalhador. Conclui-se que a exposição permanente aos agrotóxicos envolve o trabalho nas plantações de cana-de-açúcar e emerge de um construto histórico e socioambiental, em que se encontram subsumidos os modos de vida dos territórios sob o domínio do agronegócio canavieiro. Recomendam-se políticas públicas de fomento à agricultura familiar com diversificação, escoamento e distribuição da produção agroecológica, além do fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde e de ações integradas de vigilância epidemiológica, sanitária, ambiental e do trabalhador.

ABSTRACT To contribute to knowledge development on global South sustainable entrepreneurship, this work describes how these entrepreneurs seek to sensitize and educate the local community about sustainable living through their business model. Three sustainable companies from the gastronomic sector in northwestern Mexico were studied, focusing attention on the experiences of entrepreneurs and their interactions in the social space. ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis tool was used to encode the text of the in-depth interviews. The results indicate that there are various ways that these entrepreneurs use to sensitize and educate the local community; for example, they raise awareness among their workers and clients about recycling, environmental care, adaptation to local conditions, the importance of changing habits of consumption, and especially of the diverse ways in which the ecosystem can be respected. For these entrepreneurs, sustainable development is a way of life that they share with their community through diverse actions of social interaction.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre emprendimiento sustentable de la región del sur global, describiendo las diversas formas en las que los emprendedores interactúan en el espacio social. Se estudiaron tres empresas sustentables del sector gastronómico del noroeste de México, centrando la atención en las diversas acciones de interacción social en la que estos emprendedores sensibilizan y educan a la comunidad local sobre vida sustentable a través de su modelo de negocio. Se utilizó la herramienta para análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti para codificar el texto de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que estos emprendedores concientizan a sus colaboradores y clientes sobre reciclaje, cuidado del medio ambiente, adaptación a las condiciones locales y modificar hábitos de consumo. Para estos emprendedores el desarrollo sustentable es un estilo de vida que comparten con su comunidad mediante diversas acciones de interacción social.

Abstract During the neoliberal regime, food policy in Mexico focused on the paradigm of ensuring physical and economic access to safe and cheap food; However, the measures to meet this objective caused, among other things, a trade deficit in basic foods such as corn, orientation of production towards export crops, environmental and people’s health deterioration. In response to this problem, in the mid-1990s, the concept of food sovereignty gained strength. This paradigm contributed to making visible the problems faced by small family productive units and the importance of including in public policy actions that respect the diversity of cultivated seeds, traditional agricultural practices, the care of resources and the reproduction of culturally accepted foods. In this context, the objective of this work is to characterize corn production in three lake regions of Michoacán (Mexico) from the perspective of food sovereignty and, based on this, raise considerations for its strengthening. A comparative analysis was carried out on the approaches of the food sovereignty paradigm based on own information obtained through a survey applied to corn producers from three lake regions of the state of Michoacán. The results show the coexistence of diverse production systems ranging from traditional to intensive production in each region, with manifest experiences of food sovereignty in the Pátzcuaro region and silent in the Cuitzeo region.

Resumen Durante el régimen neoliberal, la política alimentaria en México se centró en el paradigma de asegurar el acceso físico y económico a alimentos inocuos y baratos; sin embargo, las medidas para atender este objetivo provocaron, entre otras consecuencias, un creciente déficit en la balanza comercial de alimentos básicos como el maíz, la orientación de la producción hacia cultivos de exportación, y el paulatino deterioro de la calidad ambiental y de la salud de las personas. Frente a esta compleja problemática, a mediados de la década de los años noventa, surge con fuerza el paradigma de soberanía alimentaria, cuyo concepto contribuyó a visibilizar los problemas que enfrentan las pequeñas unidades productivas familiares y la importancia de incluir en la política pública acciones que respeten la diversidad de las semillas cultivadas, las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales, el cuidado de los recursos y la reproducción de alimentos culturalmente aceptados. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la producción de maíz de tres regiones lacustres de Michoacán desde la perspectiva de la soberanía alimentaria y, a partir de ello, delinear algunas consideraciones de política pública para su fortalecimiento. Para ello, se realizó un análisis comparado sobre los planteamientos del paradigma de soberanía alimentaria a partir de información propia obtenida mediante una encuesta aplicada a productores de maíz de tres regiones lacustres del estado de Michoacán. Los resultados muestran la coexistencia de diversos sistemas productivos que van desde los tradicionales hasta la producción intensiva en cada región, observando experiencias de soberanía alimentaria manifiestas en la región Pátzcuaro y silenciosas en la región Cuitzeo.

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

Abstract Since the 2000s, the consolidation of agribusiness has triggered social conflict and an epistemic dispute regarding the health, environmental, and political consequences of this model. The impact on children’s health has been one of the effects of this model, simultaneously serving as a key catalyst for its politicization. Indeed, the native category of “sprayed childhoods” and children’s rights are gaining prominence in socio-environmental conflicts, forming part of the struggle strategies, particularly through legal actions. In this context, this article proposes to analyze the social and everyday dimensions of growing up, caring, and living in territories threatened by increasing toxicity, paying attention to the intersections between violence and care, and the multiple temporalities in which they unfold. The analysis emerges from an exploratory stage of fieldwork, involving conversations and in-depth interviews with three women “affected” by agrochemicals in different localities of the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), participant observation in meetings of sprayed communities, and the collection and analysis of technical reports and press materials.

Resumen Desde la década de 2000, la consolidación del agronegocio ha desencadenado una conflictividad social y una disputa epistémica sobre las consecuencias sanitarias, ambientales y políticas de este modelo. La afectación de la salud infantil ha sido uno de los efectos de este modelo, a la vez que un catalizador clave de su politización. En efecto, la categoría nativa de “infancias fumigadas” y los derechos de niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) están ganando protagonismo en los conflictos socioambientales, como parte de sus estrategias de lucha y, en particular, de su judicialización. En este contexto, en el presente artículo propongo analizar las dimensiones sociales y cotidianas de crecer, cuidar y vivir en territorios amenazados por una creciente toxicidad, atendiendo a las intersecciones entre violencias y cuidados y a las múltiples temporalidades en que éstas se traman. El análisis surge de una etapa exploratoria del trabajo de campo, consistente en conversaciones y entrevistas en profundidad con tres mujeres “afectadas” por los agrotóxicos de distintas localidades de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), de la observación participante en encuentros de pueblos fumigados y del relevamiento y análisis de informes técnicos y material hemerográfico.