Resumen: Cuando las empresas comprenden las variables que impulsan la satisfacción de los clientes, pueden establecer mejores puntos de referencia y perfeccionar sus estrategias. En la actualidad, existe un crecimiento exponencial de las compras de ropa de moda a través de plataformas digitales. Esta investigación evalúa si la orientación a la moda rápida y a la moda lenta, la conciencia ambiental y las experiencias del producto, emocional y con el sitio web inciden sobre la satisfacción con la compra en línea. Además, se analiza la importancia y el rendimiento de las experiencias sobre la satisfacción. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas son un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basados en mínimos cuadrados parciales y una matriz de importancia-desempeño. El diseño de investigación fue cuantitativo, explicativo y transversal, desarrollado en la frontera norte de México y aplicado a 539 compradores de ropa en plataformas web o aplicaciones digitales. Los resultados evidencian que solo la orientación a la moda lenta influye sobre la conciencia ambiental, a diferencia de la orientación a la moda rápida que no tiene efecto en ella, la conciencia ambiental tiene un impacto positivo sobre los tres tipos de experiencia y éstos inciden favorablemente sobre la satisfacción con la compra de ropa en línea. La matriz importancia-desempeño evidenció que la experiencia con el sitio web/app es el factor más relevante para la satisfacción en línea. En conclusión, la satisfacción con la compra en línea depende en gran medida de la experiencia con el sitio web.

Abstract: Companies that understand which variables drive customer satisfaction can establish stronger metrics and refine their strategies. Currently, there is an exponential growth in fashion shopping through digital platforms. Our research assesses if fast fashion and slow fashion orientation, environmental awareness, and product, emotional, and website experiences have an effect on satisfaction with online shopping. Moreover, the importance and performance of experiences on satisfaction is analyzed. Statistical techniques used are a structural equation model based on partial least squares and an importance-performance matrix. The research design was quantitative, explanatory, and cross-sectional, conducted in the northern border of Mexico and applied to 539 clothing shoppers on web platforms or digital applications. The results show that only the slow fashion orientation influences environmental awareness, unlike the fast fashion orientation that does not have an effect on it, environmental awareness has a positive impact on the three types of experience, and they favorably impact satisfaction with the purchase of clothing online. The importance-performance matrix revealed that the website/app experience is the most relevant factor for online satisfaction. In conclusion, satisfaction with online shopping is highly dependent on the website experience.

Resumen (Introducción): Los parques naturales con vocación recreativa desempeñan un papel fundamental para fomentar acciones proambientales entre sus visitantes. Sin embargo, para la región de América Latina los programas dirigidos a estos propósitos no han tenido resultados esperados, por lo contrario, una de las causas que han intensificado el deterioro ambiental de los parques son las actividades recreativas. Entre los mayores retos para favorecer la conservación en estas áreas se encuentra el desarrollo de la conciencia ambiental de los visitantes. (Objetivo): Para sustentar una gestión que fortalezca la conservación y genere actitudes e involucre a los visitantes en prácticas proambientales, este estudio analiza la conciencia ambiental de 190 visitantes al Parque Estatal Sierra Morelos, área natural protegida, ubicada en el municipio de Toluca, Estado de México. (Metodología): Para recolectar los datos se diseñó un cuestionario estructurado, a partir de las cuatro dimensiones de la conciencia ambiental (cognitiva, afectiva, conativa y activa). Se realizó un análisis factorial, un análisis de conglomerados y una prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para identificar las diferencias entre grupos. (Resultados): Fueron 11 factores identificados, explicando el 70.88 % de la varianza acumulada. El análisis de conglomerados identificó tres grupos; Estadio 1: discursivo-intencional pasivo; Estadio 2: predisposición ambiental y; Estadio 3: afectivo de acciones convenidas. (Conclusiones): Los resultados muestran que no existe un número definido de estadios que explique una o varias realidades y que las experiencias humanas con la naturaleza son la clave de la conciencia ambiental.

Abstract (Introduction): Natural parks with a recreational vocation play a fundamental role in promoting pro-environmental actions among their visitors. However, for the Latin American region, the programs aimed at these purposes have not had the expected results; on the contrary, one of the causes that have intensified the environmental deterioration of the parks are recreational activities. One of the major challenges to promote conservation in these areas is the development of environmental awareness among visitors. (Objective): To analyze the stages of environmental awareness of 190 visitors to Sierra Morelos State Park, a natural protected area in the municipality of Toluca, State of Mexico, to support a management that strengthens conservation and generates attitudes and involves visitors in pro-environmental practices. (Methodology): In order to collect data, a structured questionnaire was designed based on the four dimensions of environmental awareness (cognitive, affective, conative and active). A factor analysis, a cluster analysis and to identify differences between groups a Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. (Results): Eleven factors were identified explaining 70.88 % of the cumulative variance. The cluster analysis identified three groups; Stage 1: passive discursive-intentional; Stage 2: environmental predisposition and Stage 3: affective of agreed actions. (Conclusions): The results show that there is no definite number of stages that explain one or several realities for which the human experiences are the key to environmental awareness.

ABSTRACT To contribute to knowledge development on global South sustainable entrepreneurship, this work describes how these entrepreneurs seek to sensitize and educate the local community about sustainable living through their business model. Three sustainable companies from the gastronomic sector in northwestern Mexico were studied, focusing attention on the experiences of entrepreneurs and their interactions in the social space. ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis tool was used to encode the text of the in-depth interviews. The results indicate that there are various ways that these entrepreneurs use to sensitize and educate the local community; for example, they raise awareness among their workers and clients about recycling, environmental care, adaptation to local conditions, the importance of changing habits of consumption, and especially of the diverse ways in which the ecosystem can be respected. For these entrepreneurs, sustainable development is a way of life that they share with their community through diverse actions of social interaction.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre emprendimiento sustentable de la región del sur global, describiendo las diversas formas en las que los emprendedores interactúan en el espacio social. Se estudiaron tres empresas sustentables del sector gastronómico del noroeste de México, centrando la atención en las diversas acciones de interacción social en la que estos emprendedores sensibilizan y educan a la comunidad local sobre vida sustentable a través de su modelo de negocio. Se utilizó la herramienta para análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti para codificar el texto de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que estos emprendedores concientizan a sus colaboradores y clientes sobre reciclaje, cuidado del medio ambiente, adaptación a las condiciones locales y modificar hábitos de consumo. Para estos emprendedores el desarrollo sustentable es un estilo de vida que comparten con su comunidad mediante diversas acciones de interacción social.

Resumo: A desigualdade e a injustiça social destruíram a confiança na natureza humana, criando lacunas vergonhosas que afetam aspectos socioculturais, econômicos, ambientais, espirituais e políticos que, sem dúvida, afetam os processos de aprendizagem. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar aspectos significativos da globalização, da desigualdade e da injustiça social e o seu impacto na educação e na educação de adultos. Inserido em um quadro qualitativo geral, este artigo adoptou uma metodologia exploratória que pretende proporcionar uma compreensão aprofundada do fenómeno. Este artigo oferece uma posição crítica e reflexiva com o intuito de aumentar a consciência significativamente na tentativa de impulsionar e gerar espaços de reflexão que ajudem na diminuição das injustiças e desigualdades sociais em nossas sociedades globalizadas dentro de uma lente educacional. Primeiro, a globalização é discutida. Obviamente, a globalização uniu o mundo em uma espiral de conhecimento, tecnologia e informação. Em seguida, a desigualdade na educação é analisada: escolas residenciais, a prevalência do racismo e a invisibilidade sistemática dos grupos minoritários. Além disso, também são consideradas a injustiça social e os movimentos na educação de adultos: o movimento Antigonish, o colégio fronteiriço e o movimento NÃO contra o CAFTA. Seria uma conclusão apressada assumir que a desigualdade e a injustiça social não tiveram um impacto significativo nas sociedades e nos ambientes de aprendizagem. Finalmente, as políticas neoliberais promoveram um darwinismo económico selvagem muito visível que privilegia a mercantilização, a privatização e uma pedagogia pública que se concentra em assuntos empreendedores

Resumen: La desigualdad y la injusticia social han destruido la confianza en la naturaleza humana creando brechas vergonzosas que afectan a aspectos socioculturales, económicos, medioambientales, espirituales y políticos que, sin duda, repercuten en los procesos de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar aspectos significativos de la globalización, la desigualdad y la injusticia social y su impacto en la educación y en la educación de adultos. Enmarcado en un marco cualitativo general, este trabajo ha adoptado una metodología exploratoria que pretende proporcionar una comprensión en profundidad del fenómeno. Este trabajo ofrece una posición crítica y reflexiva con el objetivo de crear un nivel de conciencia significativo en un intento de promover y generar espacios de reflexión que ayuden a la disminución de las injusticias y desigualdades sociales en nuestras sociedades globalizadas desde una perspectiva educativa. En primer lugar, se aborda la globalización. Obviamente, la globalización ha unido al mundo en una espiral de conocimiento, tecnología e información. A continuación, se explora la desigualdad en la educación: las escuelas residenciales, la prevalencia del racismo y la invisibilidad sistemática de los grupos minoritarios. Además, también se consideran la injusticia social y los movimientos en la educación de adultos: el movimiento Antigonish, el colegio fronterizo y el movimiento del no contra el Tratado de Libre Comercio de Centro América (TLC). Es una conclusión inevitable que la desigualdad y la injusticia social han tenido un tremendo impacto en las sociedades y también en los entornos de aprendizaje. Por último, las políticas neoliberales han promovido un darwinismo económico salvaje muy notorio que privilegia la mercantilización, la privatización y una pedagogía pública centrada en personas emprendedoras.

Abstract: Inequality and social injustice have destroyed confidence inhuman nature by creating shameful gaps that touch upon sociocultural, economic, environmental, spiritual, and political aspects that undoubtedly impact learning processes. The aim of this paper is to explore significant aspects of globalization, inequality and social injustice and their impact on education and adult education. Framed within a general qualitative framework, this paper has adopted an exploratory methodology that intends to provide an indepth understanding of the phenomenon. This paper offers a critical and reflexive position aiming at raising a significant level of awareness in an attempt to promote and generate reflection spaces that help in the diminution of social injustices and inequalities in our globalized societies within an educational lens. First, globalization is discussed. Obviously, globalization has brought the world together in a spiral of knowledge, technology, and information. Next, inequality in education is explored: residential schools, the prevalence of racism and the systematic invisibility of minority groups. Additionally, social injustice and movements in adult education are also considered: the Antigonish movement, the frontier college, and the no movement against Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). It is a foregone conclusion that inequality and social injustice have had a tremendous impact on societies and learning settings as well. Finally, neoliberal policies have promoted a very noticeable savage economic Darwinism that privileges commodification, privatization and a public pedagogy that focuses on entrepreneurial subjects.

A partir da geopoética, esse artigo busca introduzir o conceito mais específico da geopoética da lama como forma relevante de abordagem analítica estética para a percepção do estresse ambiental e social do mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, buscamos, em diversas manifestações artísticas brasileiras, como a poesia, a música, o cinema e as artes visuais, exemplos em que a materialidade e a simbologia da lama são usadas para revelar uma miséria que reflete, de certa forma, o descompasso entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente. Tal descompasso está na reflexão de pensadores de distintas áreas, como o médico e geógrafo Josué de Castro, o poeta e professor Michel Collot, o filósofo Gaston Bachelard, o sinólogo Augustin Berque e os pensadores indígenas Davi Kopenawa e Ailton Krenak. Essa reflexão sobre os espaços atuais acaba revelando as cargas racista e colonial que ainda imperam em suas organizações e ocupações, como apontam Silvio Almeida e Enrique Dussel. No entanto, embora seja indício dessa violência, observamos que a lama possui, devido ao poder de expressão artística de sua elasticidade formal e simbólica, potência política não apenas para denunciar mazelas socioambientais como também para propor resistências e possibilidades, que passam também pela consciência por meio da sensibilização e pela reconciliação do ser humano com seu meio.

Based on geopoetics, this article seeks to introduce the more specific concept of geopoetics of mud as a relevant form of an aesthetic analytical approach to the perception of environmental and social stress in the contemporary world. To this end, we sought, in various Brazilian artistic expressions, such as poetry, music, cinema, and visual arts, examples in which the materiality and symbolism of mud are used to reveal poverty and misery that reflect, in a certain way, the mismatch between human beings and the environment. This disconnection is reflected in the meditations of academicians from different areas, such as the doctor and geographer Josué de Castro, the poet and professor Michel Collot, the philosopher Gaston Bachelard, the sinologist Augustin Berque as well as the indigenous thinkers Davi Kopenawa and Ailton Krenak. This reflection on current spaces ends up revealing the racist and colonial burden that still prevails in their organizations and occupations, as Silvio Almeida and Enrique Dussel point out. However, although it is an indication of this violence, we observe that mud has, through the power of artistic expression on its material and symbolic elasticity, political power not only to denounce socio-environmental problems but also to propose resistance and possibilities, which also involve awareness through sensibility and reconciliation of human beings with their environment.

Resumen En un mundo caracterizado por desafíos ambientales cada vez más apremiantes, la necesidad de fomentar la conciencia ambiental entre las nuevas generaciones se vuelve una prioridad ineludible. Por ello, la investigación planteó como objetivo proponer estrategias educativas para la adquisición de competencias de conciencia ambiental en estudiantes universitarios del Perú. La metodología utilizada en la investigación se basó en un enfoque cualitativo e interpretativo, siguiendo el enfoque de proyecto factible. Se llevó a cabo en una universidad en Lima, con seis docentes como informantes clave, utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas con tres preguntas generadoras para obtener el diagnóstico necesario. Se evaluó la factibilidad a través de un análisis FODA. La propuesta educativa incluyó tres unidades didácticas que abordan competencias generales, específicas y profesionales para desarrollar la conciencia ambiental. En las conclusiones se destaca que estas competencias no solo enriquecen el conocimiento académico, sino que también promueven la adopción de valores éticos y la toma de decisiones informadas en beneficio del medio ambiente.

Abstract In a world characterized by increasingly pressing environmental challenges, the need to promote environmental awareness among new generations becomes an unavoidable priority. Therefore, the objective of this research was to propose educational strategies for the acquisition of environmental awareness competencies in Peruvian university students. The methodology used in the research was based on a qualitative and interpretative approach, following the feasible project approach. It was carried out in a university in Lima, with six teachers as key informants, using semi-structured interviews with three generative questions to obtain the necessary diagnosis. Feasibility was evaluated through a SWOT analysis. The educational proposal included three didactic units that address general, specific and professional competencies to develop environmental awareness. The conclusions highlight that these competencies not only enrich academic knowledge, but also promote the adoption of ethical values and informed decision-making for the benefit of the environment.

RESUMEN La contaminación ambiental plantea desafíos significativos que requieren abordarse mediante la educación ambiental y por ende en las estrategias educativas. La educación ambiental empodera a las personas para adoptar comportamientos sostenibles. Las estrategias educativas, como programas ambientales y enfoques innovadores, promueven la educación ambiental y forman ciudadanos comprometidos con el medio ambiente, integrar esta educación en el currículo y la sociedad genera conciencia colectiva y promueve la protección del entorno natural. El presente artículo es una revisión exhaustiva y estructurada de los estudios más actuales relacionados con diversas técnicas y metodologías educativas enfocadas en aumentar la conciencia ambiental en entornos escolares; se busca analizar las diferentes estrategias educativas para mejorar la conciencia ambiental en las escuelas. El diseño de la investigación es cualitativo, de tipo teórico sistemático. La técnica empleada es el análisis documental. Se revisó diversas bases de datos científicas tales como MyLOFT, google publicación en revistas científicas desde el año 2019 indexadas en Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, y Google Scholar, también se usa la metodología PRISMA. Los resultados obtenidos del análisis de diversas investigaciones brindan datos favorables y significativos que respaldan de manera contundente la existencia de una relación positiva entre la alfabetización ambiental y la conciencia ambiental en los estudiantes y miembros de una comunidad educativa. Estos resultados se atribuyen a la implementación de estrategias, modelos y propuestas que han contribuido a mejorar la conciencia ambiental en el entorno escolar.

ABSTRACT Environmental pollution presents significant challenges that need to be addressed through environmental education and, therefore, in educational strategies. Environmental education empowers individuals to adopt sustainable behaviors. Educational strategies, such as environmental programs and innovative approaches, promote environmental education and cultivate environmentally engaged citizens. Integrating this education into the curriculum and society generates collective awareness and promotes the protection of the natural environment. This article is a comprehensive and structured review of the most recent studies related to various educational techniques and methodologies focused on increasing environmental awareness in school settings. The research design is qualitative and of a systematic theoretical nature. The documentary analysis technique was employed. Various scientific databases, such as MyLOFT, Google Scholar, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, and ProQuest, were reviewed for scientific publications from 2019 onwards. The PRISMA methodology was also used. The results obtained from the analysis of various research studies provide strong and significant data that firmly support the existence of a positive relationship between environmental literacy and environmental awareness among students and members of an educational community. These results are attributed to the implementation of strategies, models, and proposals that have contributed to improving environmental awareness in the school environment.

BACKGROUND. Education about planetary health (PH) and sustainable healthcare (SH), or education for sustainable healthcare (ESH), enables health professionals to help protect public health and healthcare from climate change and environmental degradation. The Association for Medical Education in Europe Consensus (AMEE Consensus) Statement on Planetary Health and Education for Sustainable Healthcare has proposed a set of ESH learning objectives, activities and assessments for adaptation to different health professions education (HPE) contexts. The national audit phase of a mixed methods study in South Africa (SA) found that awareness of ESH and its curriculum development is emerging. The African Medical Education Directives for Specialists (AfriMEDS) is a competency framework for undergraduate medical students in SA that defines key competencies and enabling competencies related to seven roles of a health professional. OBJECTIVES. To recruit a national Delphi panel of health professions educators to assess the applicability of the AMEE Consensus learning objectives, activities and assessments to HPE in SA; to elicit panellists' perceptions of the main barriers and opportunities for ESH in faculties; and to compare learning objectives recommended by AMEE and the panel for key competencies and enabling competencies within the AfriMEDS framework. METHODS. Nine educators from three different disciplines and six national faculties of health sciences participated in two rounds of a Delphi process and in follow-up discussions. In round 1, they rated the AMEE Consensus learning objectives, activities and assessments, and proposed additional ones. In round 2, they rated the score-ranked AMEE lists, as well as relevant additions from round 1. All panellists participated in further discussions regarding applicability, and highlighted the potential barriers and opportunities for integrating ESH into their faculties. The lead author then matched the panel's learning objectives with enabling competencies related to all seven health professional roles described by AfriMEDS. RESULTS. All panellists recognised the importance of ESH in SA and the need for eco-ethical leadership by health professionals. All 13 AMEE Consensus learning objectives, as well as three additional objectives from the panel, were matched most frequently with AfriMEDS-enabling competencies related to the roles of leader and manager (n=9), communicator (n=8) and healthcare practitioner (n=7). Panellists highly ranked learning activities and assessments that are authentic, multiprofessional and require systems thinking. They perceived the lack of capable educators and curriculum overload to be the main barriers to integration of ESH, as well as the need for strong leaders, disciplinary champions and trained educators. CONCLUSIONS. Situating the selected learning objectives within the AfriMEDS competency framework provides a good basis for developing aligned learning activities and assessments of ESH. Strong leadership, capable educators and multidisciplinary collaboration are important enablers of integrating ESH into HPE in SA.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se hace un análisis de las determinantes de salud que se asocian a algunas Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, tales como las Cardiopatías adquiridas y las Cardiopatías congénitas desde una mirada integradora. Desde esta perspectiva se pretende contribuir a la educación y sensibilización de la comunidad científica en aras de potenciar las acciones preventivas, rehabilitadoras y asistenciales con estos pacientes y sus familias, así como hacer un llamado a las políticas públicas de salud para que concienticen su participación en dichas acciones desde enfoques multidisciplinarios y a la reformulación de intervenciones capaces de disminuir la carga atribuible a estas enfermedades y sus deletéreas consecuencias. Se enfatiza en el rol relevante la Psicocardiología dado su encargo social, carácter netamente humanista y punto de encuentro entre dos ciencias- la Cardiología y la Psicología. Se particulariza en aportes científicos a nivel internacional, así como en las variables sociales, ambientales, biológicas, psicológicas y culturales que se relacionan a estos padecimientos.

ABSTRACT The present article conducts an analysis of the health determinants associated with certain Cardiovascular Diseases, such as acquired heart diseases and congenital heart diseases, from an integrative perspective. From this standpoint, the aim is to contribute to the education and awareness of the scientific community, with the purpose of enhancing preventive, rehabilitative, and healthcare actions for these patients and their families. Additionally, a call is made to public health policies to raise awareness of their involvement in such actions, employing multidisciplinary approaches and the reformulation of interventions capable of reducing the burden attributable to these diseases and their deleterious consequences. The relevant role of Psychocardiology is emphasized, given its social mandate, inherently humanistic nature, and its position as a meeting point between two sciences - Cardiology and Psychology. The article focuses on international scientific contributions, as well as the social, environmental, biological, psychological, and cultural variables related to these conditions.

BACKGROUND: A needs assessment identifies the differences between actual and ideal situations to facilitate the development of a new programme or improve existing services. OBJECTIVES: This article shares our experiences conducting the needs assessment in a context where people had limited or no understanding of the need being assessed. METHOD: Adhering to a three-phase model - comprising pre-assessment, assessment, and post-assessment - we employed diverse data collection methods, including quantitative survey, qualitative interviews, and environmental scan. RESULTS: The findings underscored the necessity of expanding rehabilitation services in Ethiopia, with a shift from a purely medical focus to addressing issues associated with daily functioning and community engagement. These issues align closely with the core expertise and responsibilities of occupational therapists. Participants expressed support for the introduction of occupational therapy in Ethiopia and willingness to incorporate the practice of occupational therapists in their settings. The challenges encountered were how to ask about occupational therapy when it is not well known by members of the local population and how to introduce the profession without biasing participants' responses. CONCLUSION: Conducting a needs assessment was critical to developing occupational therapy services in Ethiopia. We welcome others to learn from our experiences. CONTRIBUTION: This manuscript details the assessment process and delves into the challenges we encountered and lessons learned. It extends methodological suggestions to inform future evaluations and contributes valuable insights to the broader discourse on needs assessment and programme development in a context where people have limited awareness of services, such as occupational therapy.

ABSTRACT The idea of climate engineering still remains elusive, particularly in several of those developing countries that are most affected by climate change. This knowledge gap can be addressed by knowing the perception of climate change and then introducing and getting feedback on its modification via climate engineering, from the select group of developing countries. Building upon an earlier attempt to achieve these aims, a new group of three developing countries in the global South (Pakistan, Nigeria, and Kenya) is selected to examine their perspective via a total of more than 1000 responses. Descriptive and inferential results indicate that there are significant differences within the global South on awareness of global warming and climate engineering, as well as on the deployment of sulfate aerosols as a measure to delay the harshest effects of global warming.

RESUMEN La idea de la ingeniería climática sigue siendo esquiva, particularmente en varios de los países en desarrollo que se ven más afectados por el cambio climático. Esta brecha de conocimiento se puede abordar conociendo la percepción del cambio climático y luego introduciendo y obteniendo retroalimentación del grupo selecto de países en desarrollo sobre la modificación del mismo a través de la ingeniería climática. Sobre la base de un intento anterior para lograr estos objetivos, se seleccionó un nuevo grupo de tres países en desarrollo en el sur global (Pakistán, Nigeria y Kenia) para examinar su perspectiva a través de un total de más de 1000 respuestas. Los resultados descriptivos e inferenciales indican que existen diferencias significativas dentro del sur global sobre la conciencia del calentamiento global y la ingeniería climática, así como sobre el despliegue de aerosoles de sulfato como medida para retrasar los efectos más severos del calentamiento global.

ABSTRACT This research involves an interdisciplinary study on the perception of agrochemical pollution in students from six Mexican universities enrolled in agronomic science engineering programs and related areas, such as agroecology, agroforestry engineering, and innovation for sustainable agriculture. The research method is mixed with an exploratory approach; data were collected in an online questionnaire, measuring attitudes, values, and actions related to the use of agrochemicals, as well as a self-assessment knowledge test about pesticides, fertilizers, and their effects on the environment and human health. The theoretical approach emerges from environmental psychology, agroecology, and environmental education. A theoretical model is proposed to explore the formation of mental models and beliefs about sustainable agricultural systems, and recommendations are made for optimizing agronomic science engineering programs with a focus on sustainability. The results show a high level of environmental awareness in students, a low perception of social norms for environmental conservation, and the perception of agrochemicals as essential for production, representing a cognitive barrier to implementing sustainable agricultural strategies.

RESUMEN Esta investigación involucra un estudio interdisciplinario sobre la percepción de la contaminación por agroquímicos en estudiantes de seis universidades mexicanas que cursan programas de ingeniería en agronomía y áreas afines, como agroecología, ingeniería agroforestal e innovación agrícola sustentable. El método de investigación es mixto con corte exploratorio, se recolectaron datos en un cuestionario en línea, sobre las actitudes, valores y acciones relacionadas al uso de agroquímicos, además de una autoevaluación de conocimientos sobre plaguicidas, fertilizantes y sus efectos en el ambiente y la salud humana. El enfoque teórico surge de la psicología ambiental, así como de la agroecología y de la educación ambiental. Se propone un modelo teórico para explorar la formación de modelos mentales y creencias sobre sistemas agrícolas sustentables y se plantean recomendaciones para la optimización de programas académicos de ingenierías en agronomía con enfoque hacia la sustentabilidad. Los resultados demuestran un alto nivel de consciencia ambiental en los estudiantes, una baja percepción de normas sociales para la conservación ambiental y la percepción de los agroquímicos como indispensables para la producción, lo que representa una barrera cognitiva para la implementación de estrategias agrícolas sustentables.

Resumen Las medidas para mitigar el contagio de la enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) generaron modificación en el comportamiento humano. En este contexto, el objetivo de la siguiente investigación es examinar la incidencia que tuvo el COVID-19 sobre el ahorro de energía eléctrica en los hogares de la ciudad de Loja durante la pandemia. Para lo cual, se realizó una encuesta, la misma que fue aplicada a 387 hogares de la ciudad para conocer el comportamiento ambiental que mantuvieron durante la pandemia. Posteriormente, se procesó la información mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM, por sus siglas en inglés). Se validó el modelo de medida y estructural para verificar la consistencia de los resultados e hipótesis de estudio. Los resultados encontrados revelan que la COVID-19 está relacionada de forma negativa con el ahorro de energía eléctrica, es decir, no aumentó el ahorro de energía eléctrica, por el contrario, este disminuyó. Adicionalmente, otros factores, asociados a la conciencia ambiental y las normas sociales, inciden en el ahorro de energía eléctrica. De los resultados encontrados se derivan algunas implicaciones de política orientadas a mejorar las prácticas ambientales de ahorro de energía eléctrica para impulsar la sostenibilidad ambiental.

Abstract The measures to mitigate the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread generated changes in human behavior. In this context, the following investigation aims to examine the incidence that COVID-19 had on saving electrical energy in homes in Loja's City during the pandemic. Therefore, a survey was carried out, the same one that was applied to 387 homes in the city, to find out the environmental behavior they maintained during the pandemic. Subsequently, the information was processed using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The measurement and structural model were validated to verify the consistency of the results and study hypotheses. The results revealed that COVID-19 is negatively related to the saving of electric energy; that is, it did not increase the saving of electric energy; on the contrary, it decreased. Other factors associated with environmental awareness and social norms influence the conservation of electrical energy. From the results, some policy implications are derived to improve environmental practices of saving electricity to promote ecological sustainability.

BACKGROUND: Noise is a known environmental stressor in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), as it may result in adverse effects on preterm neonates because of the unique vulnerability and physiological immaturity of their central nervous systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate noise levels in public sector NICUs in the eThekwini District, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Methods. An analytical observational study design with purposive sampling of public sector hospitals was used. Noise was continuously measured with a sound level meter in a central location for 48 hours on 2 consecutive days (Sunday and Monday) in the four NICUs. A sample of noise sources, as well as their frequency of occurrence, was identified through direct observation and a frequency spectrum analysis using one-third octave bands. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: This study included one tertiary hospital and three regional hospitals in the eThekwini District. Mean noise levels exceeded international recommendations of an A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level (LAeq) of 45 A-weighted decibel (dBA) and an A-weighted maximum sound level (LAmax) of 65 dBA in all four hospitals. The most frequently occurring sources of noise were staff conversations (30.9%, Hospital A), device alarms (21.0%, Hospital B) and closing metal pedal bins (20.0%, Hospital B). Mean LAeqs >45 BA were found in the mid and high frequencies (250 Hz - 6 300 Hz) in all hospitals, particularly during the afternoon. CONCLUSION: The findings emphasise the need for continuous noise monitoring, awareness and education among healthcare professionals in the NICU. Future research should expand on existing findings and focus on interventions for noise control in NICUs.

Resumen La presente investigación pretendió validar, por medio de un taller, un Plan de Educación Ambiental basado en manglares en la comunidad costera de Chacarita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Este proceso educativo estuvo conformado por competencias, las cuales fueron identificadas por medio de una encuesta aplicada a la comunidad, donde se incluyeron conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes. A los participantes del taller de validación se les aplicó un pre y post test, para evaluar la adquisición de las competencias y se midió el tamaño del efecto (. de Cohen) que tuvo el taller en el fortalecimiento de dichas competencias entre los y las asistentes. Asistieron 15 personas, de las cuales un 80% fueron mujeres. Asimismo, un 80% tenía edades entre 25 y 48 años. Se demostraron diferencias significativas entre los pre y post-test aplicados (.< .05; . = .002; d = 0.45), por lo que existió un cambio positivo en la adquisición de las competencias. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron la creación de un manual educativo de fácil comprensión basado en manglares. En conclusión, los enfoques participativos son particularmente adecuados para la planificación y el desarrollo de programas educativos, ya que permiten que las comunidades adquieran no solo competencias, sino que se genere información para una mejor gestión de los recursos naturales.

Abstract The present research aimed to validate, through a workshop, an Environmental Education Plan based on mangroves in the coastal community of Chacarita, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. This educational process consisted of competencies identified through a survey applied to the community, which included knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Participants in the validation workshop were given a pre and post-test to evaluate the acquisition of competencies, and the effect size (Cohen's .) of the workshop in strengthening these competencies among the attendees was measured. Fifteen people attended the workshop, of which 80% were women and 80% were between the ages of 25 and 48. Significant differences were demonstrated differences between the pre and post-tests administered (. < .05; . = .002; . = 0.45), indicating a positive change in the acquisition of competencies. The obtained results allowed for the creation of an easily understandable educational manual based on mangroves. In conclusion, participatory approaches are particularly suitable for the planning and development of educational programs as they enable communities to acquire not only competencies but also generate information for better natural resource management.