ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production. concern environment water quality society study SDGs (SDGs 1 203 UN semiarid semi arid northeast north east biodigesters end lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost easytomaintain easy maintain easytouse use smallscale small scale pH, pH (pH properties solids CN C N ratio. ratio . ratio) fullscale full 20

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the contextual factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) of Brazilian children aged 0–12 years during the strict period of social isolation. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 using an online questionnaire on QOL-related family factors and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Results were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The sample had 849 children, mostly from the South Region of Brazil (75%), white (83%), with typical development (79%), sedentary (68%), using screen (85%) for >3 h/day (44%). Their mothers were their main caregivers (90%). The following variables were significantly associated with high scores of QOL: typical health status (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.60–3.55; screen time ≤2 h/day (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.17–2.24); social distancing considered as “easy” (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.20–2.32), and stimulation of the child by the family (OR 1.93; 95%CI 1.08–3.45). Conclusions: This study indicates that the family context can influence children’s QOL, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and home environment reorganization. Objective QOL (QOL 012 0 12 0–1 isolation Methods crosssectional cross sectional 202 QOLrelated related PedsQL™. PedsQL PedsQL™ . (PedsQL™) analysis 84 75%, 75 75% , (75%) 83%, 83 83% (83%) 79%, 79 79% (79%) 68%, 68 68% (68%) 85% 85 (85% 3 > hday h day 44%. 44 44% (44%) 90%. 90 90% (90%) OR 2.38 238 2 38 95CI CI 95 1.60–3.55 160355 1 60 55 ≤ 1.62 162 62 1.17–2.24 117224 17 24 1.17–2.24) easy “easy 1.67 167 67 1.20–2.32, 120232 1.20–2.32 20 32 1.20–2.32) 1.93 193 93 1.08–3.45. 108345 1.08–3.45 08 45 1.08–3.45) Conclusions childrens s COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 reorganization 01 0– (PedsQL™ 8 7 (75% (83% (79% 6 (68% (85 4 (44% 9 (90% 2.3 23 1.60–3.5 16035 5 1.6 16 1.17–2.2 11722 12023 1.20–2.3 1.9 10834 1.08–3.4 COVID1 COVID- (PedsQL (75 (83 (79 (68 (8 (44 (90 2. 1.60–3. 1603 1. 1.17–2. 1172 1202 1.20–2. 1083 1.08–3. (7 (6 ( (4 (9 1.60–3 160 1.17–2 117 120 1.20–2 108 1.08–3 1.60– 1.17– 11 1.20– 10 1.08– 1.60 1.17 1.20 1.08 1.1 1.2 1.0

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores contextuais associados à qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças brasileiras de zero a 12 anos, em momento de ápice de distanciamento social. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, online, de julho a setembro de 2020, com questionário sobre fatores do contexto familiar associados à QV e Inventário Pediátrico sobre QV — PedsQL™. A análise dos dados foi feita por de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: A amostra foi de 849 crianças, na maioria da Região Sul (75%), brancas (83%), com desenvolvimento típico (79%), sedentárias (68%), com uso de telas (85%) em tempo >3h/dia (44%). As mães eram as cuidadoras principais (90%). Foram significativamente associadas a escores mais elevados de QV: a condição de saúde típica (odds ratio — OR 2,38; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,60–3,55), o tempo de tela ≤2h/dia (OR 1,62; IC95% 1,17–2,24), o distanciamento social considerado “fácil” (OR 1,67; IC95% 1,20–2,32) e a família afirmar estimular a criança (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,08–3,45). Conclusões: Este estudo mostra que o contexto familiar pode influenciar a QV de crianças, especialmente no período de pandemia e de reorganização do ambiente domiciliar. Objetivo (QV 1 anos Métodos observacional transversal online 2020 PedsQL PedsQL™ multinomial Resultados 84 75%, 75 75% , (75%) 83%, 83 83% (83%) 79%, 79 79% (79%) 68%, 68 68% (68%) 85% 85 (85% 3hdia hdia 3h dia h 44%. 44 44% . (44%) 90%. 90 90% (90%) odds 2,38 238 2 38 95 IC95 IC 1,60–3,55, 160355 1,60–3,55 60 3 55 1,60–3,55) 2hdia 2h 1,62 162 62 1,17–2,24, 117224 1,17–2,24 17 24 1,17–2,24) fácil “fácil 1,67 167 67 1,20–2,32 120232 20 32 1,93 193 93 1,08–3,45. 108345 1,08–3,45 08 45 1,08–3,45) Conclusões domiciliar 202 8 7 (75% (83% (79% 6 (68% (85 4 (44% 9 (90% 2,3 23 IC9 16035 1,60–3,5 5 1,6 16 11722 1,17–2,2 1,20–2,3 12023 1,9 19 10834 1,08–3,4 0 (75 (83 (79 (68 (8 (44 (90 2, 1603 1,60–3, 1, 1172 1,17–2, 1,20–2, 1202 1083 1,08–3, (7 (6 ( (4 (9 160 1,60–3 117 1,17–2 1,20–2 120 108 1,08–3 1,60– 11 1,17– 1,20– 10 1,08– 1,60 1,17 1,20 1,08 1,1 1,2 1,0

RESUMEN El presente trabajo es fruto de un proyecto dirigido a la precisión de uno de los problemas profesionales de la carrera Licenciatura en Educación Primaria en la Universidad de Guantánamo relacionado con el diagnóstico del grupo, el entorno comunitario, familiar y los educandos cuyo propósito es elaborar una metodología para el desarrollo de esta habilidad en el futuro profesional del nivel educativo primario. Para ello se utilizaron varios métodos de investigación científica tales como el análisis y síntesis, inducción deducción el histórico-lógico entre otros que permitieron arribar a conclusiones acerca de la efectividad de la propuesta.

ABSTRACT The present work is the result of a project aimed at the precision of one of the professional problems of the Bachelor's Degree in Primary Education at the University of Guantánamo related to the diagnosis of the group, the community and family environment and the students, the purpose of it is to elaborate a methodology for the development of this skill in the future professional of the primary education level. For this purpose, several scientific research methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, historical-logical, among others, which allowed reaching conclusions about the effectiveness of the proposal.

O meio rural brasileiro apresenta uma grande heterogeneidade, e parte de seus moradores convivem com altos índices de insegurança alimentar, especialmente entre os assalariados sem registro formal e famílias não ocupadas. No total, 1,4 milhão de famílias enfrentam insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave. Entre os desempregados no campo, 29% vivem nessa condição, enquanto 19% os assalariados agrícolas sem formalização nas relações de também sofrem com essa vulnerabilidade. Na agricultura familiar, 11% sofrem com privações alimentares. A precariedade do trabalho informal, a subocupação e o desemprego são fatores-chave que agravam a insegurança alimentar no campo. O desafio é criar políticas públicas direcionadas que atendam às necessidades específicas desses grupos vulneráveis.

The Brazilian rural environment exhibits significant heterogeneity, with many residents experiencing high levels of food insecurity, particularly among informal wage laborers and non-occupied families. In total, 1.4 million families face moderate to severe food insecurity. Among rural unemployed individuals, 29% live in such conditions, while 19% of informal agricultural wage laborers also suffer from this vulnerability. In family farming, 11% face food deprivation. The precariousness of informal work, underemployment, and unemployment are key factors exacerbating food insecurity in rural areas. Addressing these issues requires targeted public policies to meet the specific needs of these vulnerable groups.

Abstract Dementias represents a growing public health challenge. Their global and national prevalence has increased during the last decades. Hospital care for these patients is complex due to the diversity of causes of admission and discharge, depending on various factors agreed upon by healthcare professionals and the family environment, the latter being a critical indicator of healthcare quality. This observational and descriptive study analyzed the hospital discharge rate of people with dementia in Chile, comparing the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2016 and 2023. The results indicate a decrease in hospital discharge rates during the pandemic, which could reflect the effects of health measures, the redistribution of resources towards managing the COVID-19 crisis, and the impact of the fear of infection among patients and their families. Furthermore, significant differences were observed according to gender and age group, particularly among women over 80, who showed a more notable decrease in hospital discharge rates during the pandemic. This study highlights the importance of a comprehensive and equitable approach to the care of people with dementia, considering the particularities of gender and age, as well as the need to strengthen public health policies to ensure adequate access to healthcare services in contexts of health crisis.

Resumen Las demencias representan un desafío creciente para la salud pública. Su prevalencia, tanto a nivel mundial como nacional, ha aumentado durante las últimas décadas. La atención hospitalaria de estos pacientes es compleja debido a la diversidad de causas de ingreso, y el egreso depende de variados factores consensuados entre los profesionales de la salud y el entorno familiar, siendo este último un indicador crítico de la atención sanitaria. Este estudio observacional y descriptivo analizó la tasa de egreso hospitalario de personas con demencia en Chile, comparando los periodos previos y durante la pandemia de COVID-19, entre los años 2016 y 2023. Los resultados indican una disminución en las tasas de egreso hospitalario durante la pandemia, lo que podría reflejar los efectos de las medidas sanitarias, la redistribución de recursos hacia el manejo de la crisis por COVID-19 y el impacto del temor al contagio entre los pacientes y sus familias. Además, se evidenciaron diferencias significativas según el género y el grupo etario, especialmente en las mujeres mayores de 80 años, quienes presentaron una disminución significativa en sus tasas de egreso hospitalario durante la pandemia. Este estudio subraya la importancia de un enfoque integral y equitativo en la atención de personas con demencia, considerando las particularidades de género y edad, así como la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas de salud pública para garantizar un acceso adecuado a los servicios de salud en contextos de crisis sanitaria.

Resumen La alta demanda laboral impuesta por la naturaleza del emprendimiento puede resultar abrumadora. Los trabajadores autónomos suelen asumir múltiples roles, desde la gestión financiera hasta las operaciones diarias, en un entorno empresarial no siempre favorable. Esta acumulación de responsabilidades, además de un desafío práctico, impacta de manera significativa la capacidad de los emprendedores para manejar eficazmente el estrés. Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar implicaciones de factores internos y externos que influyen en las manifestaciones de estrés de los trabajadores autónomos, fundadores de pequeñas empresas en la provincia Manabí, Ecuador. Utilizando una metodología cuantitativa y aplicando regresión logística, los resultados revelan una significativa afectación en los niveles de estrés de este colectivo, sobre todo, por las deudas adquiridas, las extensas horas laboradas que limitan el ocio y el bienestar familiar y algunos obstáculos de índole externo como el acceso a la financiación, regulaciones aduaneras y comerciales, la competencia, la ausencia de demanda y la incertidumbre económica. Este estudio no solo proporciona una visión profunda de las experiencias de estrés de los trabajadores autónomos, sino que también destaca la necesidad urgente de políticas específicas que aborden estos desafíos y fomenten un entorno empresarial más saludable.

Abstract The high labor demand imposed by the nature of the venture can be overwhelming. Freelancers often take on multiple roles, from financial management to daily operations, in a business environment that is not always favorable. This accumulation of responsibilities, in addition to being a practical challenge, significantly impacts entrepreneurs' ability to effectively manage stress. From this perspective, the study aims to analyze the implications of internal and external factors that influence the manifestations of stress of self-employed workers, founders of small businesses in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Using a quantitative methodology and applying logistic regression, the results reveal a significant impact on the stress levels of this group, especially due to the debts acquired, the long hours worked that limit leisure and family well-being, and some external obstacles. such as access to financing, customs and trade regulations, competition, lack of demand and economic uncertainty. This study not only provides deep insight into the stress experiences of freelancers, but also highlights the urgent need for targeted policies that address these challenges and foster a healthier business environment.

RESUMEN Aprender constituye uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta el sujeto. Un suceso biológico, psicológico y social multifactorial que implica: las potencialidades del sujeto, la motivación para aprender, la calidad de los servicios educacionales, la psicomotricidad y las capacidades cognitivas. Las limitaciones en estas últimas, caracterizan a los educandos con dificultades en el aprendizaje y demandan la búsqueda de recursos atemperados a los adelantos de la ciencia y a las particularidades del sujeto. A partir de la indagación teórica, es objetivo presentar un cuaderno de actividades basado en la expresión corporal para contribuir a potenciar las capacidades cognitivas básicas para aprender de los educandos de segundo grado con esta desviación del desarrollo intelectual, desde lo más natural y propio; aquello que para ellos es potencialidad: el movimiento. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y matemáticos. La propuesta se orienta al trabajo correctivo compensatorio que realiza la institución educativa de la Educación Especial: Batalla de Ogaden para educandos con Retardo en el desarrollo psíquico del municipio San Miguel del Padrón. Su instrumentación es factible en cualquier espacio del proceso pedagógico y el entorno familiar; además de contextualizarse a otros grados y situaciones de aprendizaje, previa preparación del docente.

ABSTRACT Learning constitutes one of the greatest challenges faced by the subject. It is a multifactorial biological, psychological and social event that involves: the subject's potential, motivation to learn, the quality of educational services, psychomotor skills and cognitive abilities. The limitations in the latter characterize students with learning difficulties and demand the search for resources adjusted to the advances of science and the particularities of the subject. From the theoretical inquiry, the objective is to present a notebook of activities based on corporal expression to contribute to enhance the basic cognitive capacities to learn of second grade students with this deviation of intellectual development, from what is most natural and proper; that which for them is potentiality: movement. Theoretical, empirical and mathematical methods were used. The proposal is oriented to the compensatory corrective work carried out by the educational institution of Special Education: Batalla de Ogaden for students with retarded mental development in the municipality of San Miguel del Padrón. Its instrumentation is feasible in any space of the pedagogical process and the family environment; it can also be contextualized to other grades and learning situations, prior preparation of the teacher.

RESUMEN El desarrollo que alcance un infante con repercusión en el resto de su vida adulta, será resultado tanto, de la interacción de sus características biológicas y psicológicas, como de las experiencias que le ofrezca su medio social. De ahí que se afirme el carácter biopsicosocial de los seres humanos y que se valore la socialización desde las primeras edades, por lo positivo y estimulante en su desarrollo. Sin embargo, en ocasiones, esa interacción es limitada por disímiles factores, que pueden partir desde el propio individuo, poseedor de determinadas características que condicionan su interacción con el medio y la particularizan; de la familia como ente propiciador o represor de la misma; de la propia sociedad o comunidad que la favorezca, promueva o estimule. Tal es el caso de los niños con necesidades educativas especiales, neurodivergentes y en situación de discapacidad. En coherencia, se diseñó un proyecto comunitario contentivo de acciones que contribuyen a la socialización y la estimulación del desarrollo de niños neurodivergentes, con énfasis en aquellos diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Prevalecen en el estudio los métodos: revisión bibliográfica, análisis-síntesis, entrevistas y observación. Los resultados proyectan la satisfacción de necesidades educativas básicas para la inclusión socioeducativa.

ABSTRACT The development that an infant achieves with repercussions on the rest of his or her adult life will be the result of both the interaction of her biological and psychological characteristics and the experiences that her social environment offers her. Hence, the biopsychosocial character of human beings is affirmed and socialization is valued from the earliest ages, due to its positive and stimulating development. However, sometimes, this interaction is limited by dissimilar factors, which can come from the individual himself, who possesses certain characteristics that condition his interaction with the environment and make it particular; of the family as an entity that promotes or represses it; of the society or community itself that favors, promotes or stimulates it. This is the case of children with special educational needs, neurodivergents and those with disabilities. In coherence, a community project was designed containing actions that contribute to the socialization and stimulation of the development of neurodivergent children, with emphasis on those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The methods prevail in the study: bibliographic review, analysis- synthesis, interviews and observation. The results project the satisfaction of basic educational needs for socio-educational inclusion.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining or promoting employment in the presence of disability or reducing the impact of disability on employability should be the adopted focus to decrease the negative impact that disability has on the economy and just as important on the livelihood and well-being of exposed insured individuals. Group risk disability insurance protects an employee's income when illness or injury result in work disability. To achieve this, factors that promote the success of rehabilitation and support for return-to-work of employees following illness and injury need to be understood from an insurance perspective. OBJECTIVES: To explore principles of disability claims management during the rehabilitation and work reintegration stage using a multi-stakeholder approach for the purpose of successful return to work. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative design was used to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 26 purposively selected participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Qualitative research was used to understand the necessary role players in the work reintegration process, factors that hinder and promote work reintegration and best practice principles for Disability Claims Management (DCM). RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the study; (i) role players and their functions with collaboration is integral to disability claims management, (ii) various factors promote and restrict return-to-work planning, and (iii) best practice principles in the DCM pathway that promote return-to-work. These principles include behavioural economics as the central principle, with resource identification and competency, governance, role engagement and education and awareness as supporting principles. CONCLUSION: Collaborative and integrated approaches by role players within a workers' family unit, health system, employer structure and insurance compensation are required for positive return-to-work outcomes. The various role players are responsible for creating policies, structures, intervention strategies, and environments that foster return-to-work. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • An integrated approach is required for optimal RTW outcomes as employers' policies restrict work integration. • A collaborative approach by all role players involved in DCM, focusing on positive RTW outcomes is required in the RTW process • Occupational therapists can influence employer incapacity and disability policies in order to keep people employed and productive in the presence of medical conditions with the application of reasonable accommodations where necessary. • Occupational therapists are suitably positioned to outline workplace environment and other supports required to guide and support employees through rehabilitation and RTW and in ensuring that employees who can remain at work while on a partial or fully insured benefit, can engage optimally in aspects of work function.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estigma relacionado con la identidad sexual, especialmente entre HSH, sigue siendo un desafío importante en muchas culturas, este estigma puede aparecer de varias maneras, desde una discriminación explícita hasta estereotipos más discretos, y puede afectar negativamente la salud mental y emocional de quienes lo sufren. Objetivo: Analizar el estigma de identidad sexual y apoyo social entre los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en Central y Asunción, Paraguay durante el 2024. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Las categorías de análisis consideradas en este estudio fueron: a) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad en general, b) Divulgación de identidad sexual a la comunidad en general, c) Divulgación de identidad sexual a familiares y amigos y d) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad de LGBT. Resultados: Participaron del estudio, nueve HSH, donde los testimonios revelan el profundo anhelo de vivir con autenticidad y libertad. Los HSH en Paraguay desean poder ser ellos mismos sin temor a ser juzgados o rechazados, anhelan relaciones abiertas y honestas, y aspiran a una comunidad donde puedan compartir experiencias y apoyarse mutuamente Conclusión: Los HSH enfrentan obstáculos en su crecimiento y unión como comunidad. La ausencia de una comunidad fuerte y unida dificulta el apoyo mutuo y el desarrollo personal, además de la competencia y la falta de colaboración entre organizaciones e individuos crean un ambiente dividido, donde cada uno busca sus propios beneficios en lugar de trabajar juntos por el bien de todos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Stigma related to sexual identity, especially among MSM, remains a major challenge in many cultures, this stigma can appear in various ways, from explicit discrimination to more discreet stereotypes, and can negatively affect the mental and emotional health of those who suffer from it. Objective: Analyze the stigma of sexual identity and social support among men who have sex with other men in Central and Asunción, Paraguay during 2024. Methodology: Qualitative, Phenomenological Study of a descriptive and explanatory type. The analysis categories considered in this study were: a) Stigma and social support in the community in general, b) Disclosure of sexual identity to the community in general, c) Disclosure of sexual identity to family and friends and d) Stigma and social support in the LGBT community. Results: Nine MSM participated in the study, where the testimonies reveal the deep desire to live with authenticity and freedom. MSM in Paraguay want to be able to be themselves without fear of being judged or rejected, they long for open and honest relationships, and they aspire to a community where they can share experiences and support each other. Conclusion: MSM face obstacles in their growth and unity as a community. The absence of a strong and united community makes mutual support and personal development difficult, in addition to competition and lack of collaboration between organizations and individuals creating a divided environment, where everyone seeks their own benefits instead of working together for the good. of everyone.

Abstract This study analyzes the life stories of eight young people living with vertically transmitted HIV in order to understand their perceptions marked by secrecy and silence regarding their experiences with the virus. Conducted at a specialized outpatient clinic in Rio de Janeiro, the study adopted circle dance, a Complementary and Integrative Health Practice, as a care tool. Using a qualitative approach and Life History as a data collection method, the focus was to understand the youth’s experiences related to the disease and the crucial aspects of their lives. Three girls and five boys participated in the study, all aware of their diagnosis. The principal emerging themes included family dynamics, school environment connection, challenges in treatment adherence, age at the time of diagnosis disclosure, and time elapsed since then. Analyzing these young people’s narratives allowed us to explore individual and social aspects of their experiences, revealing their similarities and differences. The circle dance workshops provided a playful space for expressing emotions and feelings through body movements, expanding young people’s perspectives on the future. virus Janeiro Practice tool method youths youth s lives dynamics connection adherence disclosure then peoples differences movements future

Resumo Este estudo analisa as histórias de vida de oito jovens vivendo com HIV por transmissão vertical, visando compreender suas percepções marcadas pelo segredo e silêncio sobre suas vivências com o vírus. Realizado em ambulatório especializado no Rio de Janeiro, o estudo adotou como ferramenta de cuidado a dança circular, considerada uma Prática Integrativa e Complementar em Saúde. Utilizando abordagem qualitativa e a História de Vida como método de coleta, o foco foi compreender as experiências dos jovens, não apenas relacionadas à doença, mas também a aspectos cruciais de suas vidas. Participaram do estudo três meninas e cinco meninos, todos cientes de seu diagnóstico. Os principais temas emergentes incluíram dinâmica familiar, conexão com o ambiente escolar, desafios na adesão ao tratamento, idade no momento da revelação do diagnóstico e tempo decorrido desde então. A análise das narrativas desses jovens, permitiu explorar aspectos individuais e sociais da experiência, revelando similaridades e diferenças entre eles. As oficinas de dança circular ofereceram um espaço lúdico para a expressão de emoções e sentimentos por meio dos movimentos corporais, ampliando as perspectivas dos jovens em relação ao futuro. vertical vírus Janeiro Saúde coleta doença vidas meninos familiar escolar tratamento então experiência eles corporais futuro

Abstract A long-term indwelling catheter may be indicated in clinical situations, such as chronic diseases of the genitourinary or neurological systems. In addition to the risks of infection, trauma, and bleeding, a catheter’s permanence can affect psycho-emotional and socioeconomic dimensions. We aimed to understand how the need to use a long-term indwelling catheter affects this patient’s self-perception, interrelationships, and self-care. We carried out a qualitative, descriptive study based on interviews with 17 patients, and applied thematic analysis and complex thinking. The different prognoses and expectations regarding the catheter influenced self-perception, adaptation, acceptance, or denial. The presence of a catheter, whether as a curative measure or for comfort, can affect self-image and sexuality, and generate insecurities and uncertainties, which require understanding the multidimensionality of situations that suffer interference from the personal, family, and social environment, as well as health systems’ capacity to deal with it. Despite the challenges, the majority of participants reported a favorable disposition towards self-care, whether to enable catheter removal or to prevent injuries in lifelong indications. longterm long term systems infection trauma bleeding catheters s psychoemotional psycho emotional dimensions patients patient selfperception, selfperception self perception, perception self-perception interrelationships selfcare. selfcare care. care self-care qualitative 1 thinking adaptation acceptance denial comfort selfimage image sexuality uncertainties personal family environment it challenges selfcare, care, indications

Resumo O cateter vesical de longa permanência pode ser indicado em situações clínicas, como nas doenças crônicas do sistema genitourinário ou neurológico. Além dos riscos de infecção, traumas e sangramentos, a permanência do cateter pode afetar dimensões psicoemocionais e socioeconômicas. Objetivamos compreender como a necessidade de uso do cateter urinário por um longo prazo afeta a autopercepção, as interrelações e o autocuidado deste paciente. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, a partir da entrevista de 17 pacientes, e aplicamos a análise temática e o pensamento complexo. Os diferentes prognósticos e as expectativas em relação ao cateter influenciaram a autopercepção, a adaptação, sua aceitação ou negação. A presença do cateter, seja como medida curativa ou para conforto, pode afetar a autoimagem e a sexualidade, gerar inseguranças e incertezas, que requerem compreensão da multidimensionalidade das situações, que sofrem interferências do meio pessoal, familiar e social, bem como da capacidade dos sistemas de saúde para o seu enfrentamento. Apesar dos desafios, a maioria dos participantes relatou disposição favorável para o autocuidado, seja para viabilizar retirada do cateter, ou para prevenir agravos em indicações vitalícias. clínicas neurológico infecção sangramentos socioeconômicas autopercepção paciente qualitativo descritivo 1 pacientes complexo adaptação negação conforto sexualidade incertezas pessoal social enfrentamento desafios vitalícias

ABSTRACT The study is aimed at understanding to meet the inclusion needs of students with visual disability during the practice of futsal in Physical Education classes, to reduce their fear of sport, improve their self-esteem and raise awareness among the family and teaching staff in their radius of action and that they are accepted in each of their training sessions. The objective focuses on developing a methodology for teaching-learning of adapted futsal, for students with visual disability who, from an education inclusive guarantees a better quality of life; in this way, their performance is improved and their physical and mental well-being is promoted. During the research, documentary review, scientific observation and interviews were used as empirical methods, which allowed to gain in-depth knowledge of the background, current and prospective state of the problem, as well as to design the possible solution. The results obtained are oriented towards a transformation from the curricular adjustments of the psychological, social, communicative and physical needs of the students; thus, the methodology makes it clear how to work from the different contexts, the methodological recommendations and the requirements to take into account, based on the visual disability presented and the way of evaluating. Such efforts favor equality of opportunities and cooperation as social beings in the educational environment where he/she is developed.

RESUMO O estudo tem como objetivo compreender como atender as necessidades de inclusão dos alunos com deficiência visual durante a prática do futsal nas aulas de Educação Física, diminuir o medo da prática esportiva, melhorar sua autoestima e conscientizar a família e o corpo docente. raio de atuação e que sejam aceitos em cada uma de suas sessões de treinamento. O objetivo centra-se no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem do futsal adaptado, para alunos com deficiência visual que, através da educação inclusiva, garanta uma melhor qualidade de vida; Desta forma, o seu desempenho melhora e o seu bem-estar físico e mental é promovido. Durante a investigação foram utilizados como métodos empíricos a revisão documental, a observação científica e as entrevistas, que nos permitiram conhecer a fundo o contexto, o estado atual e prospectivo do problema, bem como desenhar a possível solução. Os resultados obtidos orientam-se para uma transformação a partir dos ajustes curriculares das necessidades psicológicas, sociais, comunicativas e físicas dos alunos; Assim, a metodologia deixa claro como trabalhar a partir dos diferentes contextos, as recomendações metodológicas e os requisitos a ter em conta, com base na deficiência visual apresentada e na forma de avaliar. Tais esforços favorecem a igualdade de oportunidades e a cooperação como seres sociais no ambiente educacional onde atuam.

RESUMEN El estudio está dirigido a la comprensión para atender las necesidades de inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad visual durante la práctica del futsal en las clases de Educación Física, poder disminuir su miedo hacia el deporte, mejorar su autoestima y sensibilizar a la familia y al personal docente en su radio de acción y que sean aceptados en cada uno de sus entrenamientos. El objetivo se centra en elaborar una metodología para la enseñanza-aprendizaje del futsal adaptado, para estudiantes con discapacidad visual que desde una educación inclusiva garantice una mejor calidad de vida; de esta forma se mejora su rendimiento y se promueve su bienestar físico y mental. Durante la investigación se utilizaron como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación científica y la entrevista que permitieron conocer a profundidad los antecedentes, el estado actual y prospectivo del problema, así como diseñar la posible solución. Los resultados obtenidos están orientados hacia una transformación desde los ajustes curriculares de las necesidades psicológicas, sociales, comunicativas y físicas de los estudiantes; así, la metodología deja claro cómo trabajar desde los diferentes contextos, las recomendaciones metodológicas y los requisitos a tener en cuenta, a partir de la discapacidad visual presentada y la manera de evaluar. Tal empeño favorece la igualdad de oportunidades y cooperación como seres sociales en el contorno educacional donde se desenvuelven.

Abstract The education of students is affected positively or negatively by various factors such as the parenting patterns exercised by parents. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between academic self- concept, school motivation and the type of parenting patterns perceived by children in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of a primary school in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. The study was quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational, it was carried out during the 2022 school year. 213 students participated, with an age range of 8 to 12 years (M age 9.33, SD. = 0.802), the Motivation Scale was used. School, the Parenting Patterns Inventory and the Academic Self-Concept Scale. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data and the results showed two positive and significant associations between supportive parenting patterns, the first was with motivation (rs= 0.318**) and the second with academic self-concept (rs=0.303**), as well as between motivation and academic self-concept (rs= 0.289**). In the groups of students with coercive and indifferent parenting patterns, no associations were found between the variables. It is concluded that a supportive family environment that grants confidence promotes motivational factors and academic self-concept, in addition there is a close relationship between the perception one has as a student and motivation, which favors school performance, therefore, it is suggested conduct more research on this topic.

Resumen La educación del estudiantado se ve afectada de manera positiva o negativa por diversos factores como las pautas de crianza ejercidas por los progenitores. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre el autoconcepto académico, la motivación escolar y el tipo de pautas de crianza que percibe la niñez de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado de una escuela primaria del estado de Tlaxcala, México. El estudio fue cuantitativo, de tipo transversal y correlacional, se realizó durante el ciclo escolar 2022. Participaron 213 estudiantes, con un rango de edad de 8 a 12 años (M edad 9.33, DE. = 0.802), se emplearon la Escala de Motivación Escolar, el Inventario de Pautas de Crianza y la Escala de Autoconcepto Académico. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el SPSS versión 22 y los resultados mostraron dos asociaciones positivas y significativas entre las pautas de crianza de apoyo, el primero fue con la motivación (rs= 0.318**) y la segunda con el autoconcepto académico (rs=0.303**), así como entre la motivación y el autoconcepto académico (rs= 0.289**). En los grupos de estudiantes con pautas de crianza coercitivas e indiferentes no se encontraron asociaciones entre las variables. Se concluye que un entorno familiar de apoyo que otorgue confianza promueve los factores motivacionales y el autoconcepto académico, además existe una estrecha relación entre la percepción que se tiene como estudiante y la motivación, lo cual favorece el rendimiento escolar, por lo tanto, se sugiere realizar más investigaciones en torno a este tema.

Resumo A educação dos alunos é afetada positiva ou negativamente por vários fatores, como os padrões parentais exercidos pelos pais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a relação entre o autoconceito acadêmico, a motivação escolar e o tipo de padrões parentais percebidos pelas crianças da quarta, quinta e sexta séries de uma escola primária no estado de Tlaxcala, México. O estudo foi quantitativo, transversal e correlacional, foi realizado durante o ano letivo de 2022. Participaram 213 alunos, com faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos (M idade 9,33, DP. = 0,802), foi utilizada a Escala de Motivação Escola, Inventário de Padrões Parentais e Escala de Autoconceito Acadêmico. O SPSS versão 22 foi utilizado para análise dos dados e os resultados mostraram duas associações positivas e significativas entre padrões parentais de apoio, a primeira foi com motivação (rs= 0,318**) e a segunda com autoconceito acadêmico (rs=0,303**), bem como entre motivação e autoconceito acadêmico (rs= 0,289**). Nos grupos de alunos com padrões parentais coercivos e indiferentes não foram encontradas associações entre as variáveis. Conclui-se que um ambiente familiar favorável e que confere confiança promove fatores motivacionais e o autoconceito acadêmico, além de haver uma estreita relação entre a percepção que se tem como aluno e a motivação, o que favorece o desempenho escolar, portanto, sugere-se uma conduta mais pesquisas sobre este tema.

Abstract Introduction: Rett syndrome is a genetic disease associated with neurological and developmental disorders typically caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. It mainly affects females and can lead to severe physical and mental abnormalities. Objective: To learn about the educational needs of a student with Rett Syndrome attending a mainstream school, from an early age and taking into account her family's perspective. Methods: An intrinsic case study was conducted on a 9-year-old girl who was diagnosed with Rett syndrome at the age of 5 years and is in stage 3 (pseudo-stationary period). The child's school and medical reports, systematic observations, and the mother's testimony were used as data collection instruments. Results: The results show the impact of the disease from an educational point of view, the educational, care, and social needs, and the main advantages and difficulties of inclusive education. The findings reveal concerns about the lack of coordination between the health and education systems, as well as the contradiction in the information provided, leading to confusion about the best practices for the holistic development of the affected persons and the differences between early intervention and later care which is scarce. Conclusion: These findings underline the importance of addressing the education of individuals with Rett syndrome in a holistic manner, recognizing both their specific needs and the opportunities and difficulties associated with educational inclusion. Attention to needs must be interdisciplinary, continuous, and long-term.

Resumo Introdução: A síndrome de Rett é uma doença genética associada a perturbações neurológicas e do desenvolvimento, tipicamente causada por mutações no gene MECP2. Afecta principalmente o sexo feminino e pode levar a graves anomalias físicas e mentais. Objetivo: Conhecer as necessidades educativas de uma aluna com Síndrome de Rett a frequentar uma escola regular, desde a infância e tendo em conta a perspetiva familiar. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de caso intrínseco a uma menina de 9 anos a quem foi diagnosticada a síndrome de Rett aos 5 anos de idade e que se encontra na fase 3 (período pseudo-estacionário). Foram utilizados como instrumentos de recolha de dados os relatórios escolares e médicos da criança, observações sistemáticas e o testemunho da mãe. Resultados: Os resultados mostram o impacto da doença do ponto de vista educativo, as necessidades educativas, assistenciais e sociais e as principais vantagens e dificuldades da educação inclusiva. Os resultados revelam preocupações sobre a falta de coordenação entre os sistemas de saúde e de educação, bem como a contradição na informação fornecida, levando à confusão sobre as melhores práticas para o desenvolvimento holístico das pessoas afectadas e as diferenças entre a intervenção precoce e os cuidados posteriores, que são escassos. Conclusão: Estes resultados sublinham a importância de abordar a educação dos indivíduos com síndrome de Rett de uma forma holística, reconhecendo tanto as suas necessidades específicas como as oportunidades e dificuldades associadas à inclusão educativa. A atenção às necessidades deve ser interdisciplinar, contínua e a longo prazo.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Rett es una enfermedad genética que se relaciona con trastornos neurológicos y del desarrollo causados típicamente por mutaciones en el gen MECP2. Afecta principalmente al sexo femenino y puede conducir a graves anomalías físicas y mentales. Objetivo: Conocer las necesidades educativas de una alumna con Síndrome de Rett escolarizada en un centro ordinario, desde una edad temprana y teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de su familia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de caso intrínseco, una niña de 9 años que fue diagnosticada con 5 años con síndrome de Rett y se encuentra en fase 3 (periodo pseudo-estacionario). Se utilizaron como instrumentos de recogida de datos los informes escolares y médicos de la niña, observaciones sistemáticas y el testimonio de la madre. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la repercusión de la enfermedad desde el punto de vista educativo, las necesidades educativas, asistenciales y sociales y las principales ventajas y dificultades de la educación inclusiva. Los hallazgos revelan preocupaciones sobre la falta de coordinación entre los sistemas sanitario y educativo, así como la contradicción en la información proporcionada, generando confusión en cuanto a las mejores prácticas para el desarrollo integral de las personas afectadas y las diferencias entre la Atención Temprana y la atención posterior que es escasa. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar de manera integral la educación de individuos con síndrome de Rett, reconociendo tanto sus necesidades específicas como las oportunidades y dificultades asociadas a la inclusión educativa. La atención a las necesidades debe ser interdisciplinar, continua y de larga duración.