Resumen: Este artículo proporciona un análisis exhaustivo de los factores que impactan las intenciones, los comportamientos, las innovaciones y el sentido de autoeficacia empresarial en el ecosistema empresarial digital en el Reino de Arabia Saudita. Al ilustrar los roles del ecosistema, la intención empresarial, la innovación y la educación, el estudio aspira proporcionar información sobre las dinámicas distintivas del emprendimiento digital en este entorno geográfico. El estudio utiliza tanto entrevistas cualitativas con expertos en la materia como análisis estadístico cuantitativo de las respuestas de la encuesta. El ecosistema empresarial digital saudita se explora cualitativamente a través de 15 entrevistas con expertos de la industria y cuantitativamente con 248 respuestas a encuestas que permiten probar hipótesis utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los datos cuantitativos de este estudio se analizaron mediante PLS-SEM. Los resultados enfatizan los roles mediadores de la ambición empresarial y la innovación, destacando la importancia clave del ecosistema empresarial digital para impulsar el comportamiento empresarial. La educación empresarial surge como un elemento poderoso que actúa como moderador en la configuración del éxito empresarial. La investigación proporciona información útil sobre las características únicas del emprendimiento digital en Arabia Saudita.

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors impacting entrepreneurial intentions, behaviors, innovations, and the sense of self-efficacy in the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. By illuminating the roles of the ecosystem, entrepreneurial intention, innovation, and education, the study aspires to provide insights into distinctive dynamics of digital entrepreneurship in this geographical setting. The study employs both qualitative in-depth interviews with subject matter experts and quantitative statistical analysis of survey responses. The Saudi digital entrepreneurial ecosystem is explored qualitatively through 15 in-depth interviews with industry experts and quantitatively with 248 survey responses that allow for hypothesis testing using structural equation modeling. The quantitative data in this study were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results emphasize the mediating roles of entrepreneurial ambition and innovation, highlighting the key significance of the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem in driving entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurial education is emerging as a powerful element, acting as a moderator in shaping entrepreneurial success. The research provides useful information about the unique characteristics of digital entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT To contribute to knowledge development on global South sustainable entrepreneurship, this work describes how these entrepreneurs seek to sensitize and educate the local community about sustainable living through their business model. Three sustainable companies from the gastronomic sector in northwestern Mexico were studied, focusing attention on the experiences of entrepreneurs and their interactions in the social space. ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis tool was used to encode the text of the in-depth interviews. The results indicate that there are various ways that these entrepreneurs use to sensitize and educate the local community; for example, they raise awareness among their workers and clients about recycling, environmental care, adaptation to local conditions, the importance of changing habits of consumption, and especially of the diverse ways in which the ecosystem can be respected. For these entrepreneurs, sustainable development is a way of life that they share with their community through diverse actions of social interaction.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre emprendimiento sustentable de la región del sur global, describiendo las diversas formas en las que los emprendedores interactúan en el espacio social. Se estudiaron tres empresas sustentables del sector gastronómico del noroeste de México, centrando la atención en las diversas acciones de interacción social en la que estos emprendedores sensibilizan y educan a la comunidad local sobre vida sustentable a través de su modelo de negocio. Se utilizó la herramienta para análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti para codificar el texto de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que estos emprendedores concientizan a sus colaboradores y clientes sobre reciclaje, cuidado del medio ambiente, adaptación a las condiciones locales y modificar hábitos de consumo. Para estos emprendedores el desarrollo sustentable es un estilo de vida que comparten con su comunidad mediante diversas acciones de interacción social.

Abstract The role of women is particularly relevant for the economic and social development in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to identify the situation of eleven women entrepreneurs living in rural areas in the Southern part of the state of Jalisco, with the hope of promoting the entrepreneurship in these regions. For this purpose, two case studies were carried out using different qualitative techniques for data collection: documentary analysis, in-depth interviews and participant observation. The socio-demographic profile, the family situation, the level of education, the strategies for reconciling family and work, the characteristics of the production and/or business, the needs they had as women entrepreneurs, and the skills they had for such work, were the main variables analyzed by a data triangulation. The results show that, despite their poor educational level and low involvement in the labor market, rural women in Southern Jalisco acquired entrepreneurial abilities through observation and family experience. However, they lack other factors necessary to engage in the labor market. They themselves gave the keys to fostering rural women’s entrepreneurship in the community.

Resumen El papel de la mujer es especialmente relevante para el desarrollo económico y social del medio rural. El propósito de este estudio fue caracterizar la situación de las mujeres emprendedoras de dos comunidades rurales de la zona sur del estado de Jalisco con la esperanza de fomentar el emprendimiento en el medio rural. Para ello, se llevaron a cabo dos estudios de caso a través del uso de diferentes técnicas de naturaleza cualitativa para la recogida de los datos: análisis documental, entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante. Mediante la triangulación de los datos obtenidos, las variables analizadas fueron principalmente el perfil sociodemográfico, la situación familiar, el nivel educativo, las estrategias de conciliación familiar y laboral, las características de la producción y/o empresa, las necesidades que tenían como mujeres emprendedoras y las habilidades que presentaban para tal labor. Los datos obtenidos muestran que, a pesar de su bajo nivel educativo y su baja participación en el mercado laboral, las mujeres rurales del sur de Jalisco presentan habilidades emprendedoras adquiridas a través de la observación y la experiencia familiar, pero carecen de otros factores necesarios para emprender. Ellas mismas dieron las claves para fomentar el emprendimiento de las mujeres rurales de la comunidad.

Abstract This article examines how a business school's environment encourages the formation of entrepreneurial intentions among its students. Building on insights from the theory of planned behaviour and the business event model, a structural equation model was applied on a sample of 283 Costa Rican university students. The main results of the study suggest that the entrepreneurial training provided by the business school contributes to improve students' entrepreneurial intentions. However, this effect develops through an indirect mechanism: that is, entrepreneurial training positively influences students’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship which, in turn, impact students’ perception on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The proposed model rooted in cognitive frameworks allows business schools, and higher education institutions in general, to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of their entrepreneurial training programs in promoting entrepreneurial intentions.

Resumen Este artículo examina cómo una escuela de negocios fomenta la formación de intenciones emprendedoras entre sus estudiantes. Sobre la base de los conocimientos de la teoría del comportamiento planificado y el modelo de eventos de negocios, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de 283 estudiantes universitarios costarricenses. Los principales resultados del estudio sugieren que la formación emprendedora que imparte la escuela de negocios contribuye a mejorar las intenciones emprendedoras de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, este efecto se desarrolla a través de un mecanismo indirecto: es decir, la formación emprendedora influye positivamente en las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el emprendimiento que, a su vez, impactan en las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la autoeficacia emprendedora. El modelo propuesto basado en marcos cognitivos permite a las escuelas de negocios, y las instituciones de educación superior en general, medir y evaluar la eficacia de sus programas de formación empresarial en configurar intenciones empresariales.

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurship in physical activity and sports projects, above all, has proven to be attractive and healing, par excellence. This situation is very notable in individuals who spend a large part of their time sitting in front of a computer, as is the case of students in training who develop digital skills. In this work, the need to investigate the relationship between the work carried out by these students and the health problems generated by the long hours they invest in their work linking with digital skills was considered; therefore, the objective was to determine what are the fundamental causes that cause stress in computer science students and to what extent the physical activity they perform helps them reduce these impacts of professional activity. To achieve this, empirical level methods such as scientific observation, interviews and surveys were applied. As preliminary results, from a pre-experiment, it was confirmed that the students perceived a satisfactory change, with lower levels of stress and improvements in postural behaviors.

RESUMEN Los emprendimientos en proyectos de la actividad física y el deporte, ante todo, han demostrado ser atractivos y curativos, por excelencia. Es muy notable esta situación en individuos que invierten gran parte de su tiempo sentados frente a un computador, como es el caso de los estudiantes en formación que desarrollan competencias digitales. En este trabajo, se consideró la necesidad de investigar la relación existente entre la labor que realizan estos estudiantes y los inconvenientes para la salud que generan las prolongadas horas que ellos invierten en su trabajo de vinculación con las competencias digitales; por lo que el objetivo consistió en determinar cuáles son las causas fundamentales que provocan el estrés en estudiantes de informática y en qué medida la actividad física que realizan les ayuda reducir estos impactos de la actividad profesional. Para lograrlo, se aplicaron métodos del nivel empírico como la observación científica, la entrevista y la encuesta. Como resultados preliminares, a partir de un prexperimento, se pudo constatar que los estudiantes percibieron un cambio satisfactorio, con niveles inferiores de estrés y mejoras de los comportamientos posturales.

RESUMO O empreendedorismo em projetos de atividade física e esportivos, sobretudo, tem se mostrado atrativo e curativo, por excelência. Esta situação é muito notória nos indivíduos que passam grande parte do seu tempo sentados em frente ao computador, como é o caso dos alunos em formação que desenvolvem competências digitais. Neste trabalho foi considerada a necessidade de investigar a relação entre o trabalho realizado por esses alunos e os problemas de saúde gerados pelas longas horas que investem no seu trabalho vinculando-se às competências digitais; Portanto, objetivou-se determinar quais são as causas fundamentais que causam estresse em estudantes de informática e em que medida a atividade física que realizam os ajuda a reduzir esses impactos da atividade profissional. Para conseguir isso, foram aplicados métodos de nível empírico, como observação científica, entrevistas e pesquisas. Como resultados preliminares, de um pré-experimento, confirmou-se que os alunos perceberam uma mudança satisfatória, com menores níveis de estresse e melhorias nos comportamentos posturais.

Abstract Throughout this work we address the concept of Sustainable Entrepreneurship that arises from Social Entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Development Goals in a context of major global crises and emergencies such as Climate Change and COVID-19, and relates as well with the change in the paradigm of consumption in which millennials and centennials seek to buy products made in a responsible way and that have the least possible impact on the ecosystem. We will provide examples of successful stories of sustainable entrepreneurs at a global level and the opportunities that this new form of business offers. We’ll also make reference to the importance of teaching this new business model in universities, particularly in business schools, a model that is conscious and responsible with the environment and that responds to the need for an urban economy that provides concrete development solutions for the community in which it is inserted and the city we need.

Resumen A lo largo del presente trabajo abordamos el concepto de Emprendedorismo Sostenible, que surge del Emprendedorismo Social y de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible en un contexto de grandes crisis y emergencias mundiales, como el Cambio Climático y COVID-19, sumado al cambio en el paradigma del consumo en el cual los millennials y centennials buscan comprar productos elaborados de forma responsable y que tengan el menor impacto posible en el ecosistema. Se brindarán ejemplos de casos de éxitos de emprendedores sostenibles a nivel global y de las oportunidades que esta nueva forma de negocios brinda, así como de la importancia de que desde los ámbitos universitarios, en particular desde las escuelas de negocios, se enseñe este nuevo modelo de negocios consciente y responsable con el ambiente y que da respuesta a la necesidad de una economía urbana que brinde soluciones concretas de desarrollo para la comunidad en la que está inserta y la ciudad que necesitamos.

Resumo Ao longo deste trabalho abordamos o conceito de Empreendedorismo Sustentável, que surge do Empreendedorismo Social e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável em um contexto de grandes crises e emergências globais, como Mudanças Climáticas e COVID-19, somadas à mudança de paradigma de consumo em que millennials e centennials procuram comprar produtos feitos de forma responsável e que tenham o menor impacto possível no ecossistema. Exemplos de casos de sucesso de empreendedores sustentáveis a nível global e das oportunidades que esta nova forma de negócio oferece, bem como a importância do ensino deste novo modelo nas universidades, em particular nas escolas de negócios, negócios conscientes e responsáveis com o meio ambiente e que respondam à necessidade de uma economia urbana que ofereça soluções concretas de desenvolvimento para a comunidade em que está inserida e para a cidade de que precisamos.

Resumo Los estudios de Inteligencia competitiva (IC) en los últimos años desenvuelve conceptos y aplicabilidad en grandes empresas y/o gobiernos; mientras que estudios de emprendimientos y/o pequeñas empresas son poco a profundados y de menor cantidad; aún más escasos son estudios que relacionan los conceptos de inteligencia competitiva, emprendimiento, pequeña empresa. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar la existencia de una laguna de conocimiento que envuelve los temas antes mencionados. La metodología utilizada es de revisión bibliográfica; para la colecta de datos se definió 3 términos clave, en inglés, para aplicarlos en 3 bases de datos; el análisis y visualización de la relación entre las palabras claves a través de mapas bibliométricos bidimensionales se realizó mediante el software VOSviewer. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un total de 170 artículos producto de las diversas conjunciones de las palabras clave, 84 en Scopus, 80 en Web Of Science y 6 en Scielo, sin excluir los artículos replicados; en cuanto a la relación de las palabras claven en em mapa bibliométrico, muestra que el termino de IC se relacione con muchos otros temas, ya sean en español, como en inglés. Finalmente, se concluyó que no existe ninguna investigación entre los años 2011 y 2021 las 3 bases de datos seleccionadas que relacione a la inteligencia competitiva, emprendimientos y pequeñas empresas; difiere en 33 artículos las investigaciones con los tópicos de IC y emprendimientos, con los de tópicos sobre IC y micro empresas; por lo tanto, claramente puede ser visto la existencia de laguna de conocimiento de nuestros temas clave.

Abstract Competitive Intelligence (CI) studies in recent years develop concepts and applicability in large companies and/or governments; while studies of entrepreneurships and/or small companies are little to deep and of less quantity; Even more scarce are studies that relate the concepts of competitive intelligence, entrepreneurship, and small business. This research aims to demonstrate the existence of a knowledge gap that involves the aforementioned issues. The methodology used is a bibliographic review; For the data collection, 3 key terms were defined, in English, to apply them in 3 databases; the analysis and visualization of the relationship between the keywords through two-dimensional bibliometric maps was carried out using the VOSviewer software. The results obtained show a total of 170 articles resulting from the various conjunctions of the keywords, 84 in Scopus, 80 in Web Of Science and 6 in Scielo, without excluding replicated articles; As for the relationship of the keywords in the bibliometric map, it shows that the IC term is related to many other topics, whether in Spanish or in English. Finally, it was concluded that there is no research between the years 2011-2021 in the 3 selected databases that relates to competitive intelligence, entrepreneurship and small companies; 33 articles differ in research with the topics of CI and entrepreneurship, with those of topics on CI and micro-enterprises; therefore, the existence of a knowledge gap of our key issues can clearly be seen.

Resumén La dinámica y sus fenómenos pueden interpretarse como una medida física, objetiva e independiente, pero en última instancia es el individuo quien la observa, declara y predice en un enfoque subjetivo. Reconociendo la existencia de estos dos mundos (objetivo y subjetivo) y bajo la premisa de que todo sistema es dinámico, esta comunicación destaca la ausencia de un enfoque de dinámica en la gestión y especialmente en el emprendimiento, cuya principal característica es referirse a un individuo en acción, que busca desarrollar un proyecto, en una interacción dinámica tanto externa como interna. En estas condiciones surgen las preguntas: ¿Qué método debemos utilizar para ayudar al emprendedor a desarrollar su proyecto considerando la dinámica que lo rodean? ¿Este método podría ayudar al investigador a generar teorías que le sean útiles? Para responderlas nos basamos en los fenómenos derivados de los sistemas dinámicos y en una posición epistemológica constructivista, para resaltar la importancia del método cualitativo para ayudar al emprendedor a construir tanto su proyecto como su realidad y al mismo tiempo para que el investigador genere teorías que tengan el carácter de accionables.

Abstract The dynamics and its phenomena can be interpreted as a physical, objective, and independent measure, but it is ultimately the individual who observes, declares, and predicts it in a subjective approach. Recognizing the existence of these two worlds (objective and subjective) and under the premise that every system is dynamic, this communication highlights the absence of a focus on dynamics in management and especially in entrepreneurship, whose main characteristic is to refer to an individual in action who seeks to develop a project, in a dynamic interaction both external and internal. Under these conditions, the questions arise: Which method do we have to use to help the entrepreneur to develop his project considering the dynamic that surrounds him? This method could help the researcher to generate theories that be useful to the former? To answer them, we base ourselves on the phenomena derived from dynamic systems and on a constructivist epistemological position, to highlight the importance of qualitative method to help the entrepreneur to build both his project and his reality and at the same time for the researcher to develop theories that have the character of actionable.

RESUMEN El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo mejorar la eficiencia de la producción industrial en Azerbaiyán a través de un análisis integral de sus regiones. En la investigación se utilizan varios métodos, como el análisis analítico comparativo y un enfoque sistemático, utilizando categorías de desarrollo económico como productividad e innovación. El estudio subraya la importancia de considerar aspectos legales, políticos, económicos, morales y psicológicos para el desarrollo sistemático e integral de la producción industrial. Se enfatiza el papel regulador del Estado, las perspectivas de desarrollo sostenible en el sector no petrolero, el uso del capital humano para fomentar el espíritu empresarial a través de la competencia leal y la asignación estratégica de empresas industriales e inversiones entre regiones. Se hacen recomendaciones con el objetivo de atraer y mejorar las inversiones, resolver los desafíos socioeconómicos en las regiones y crear un mejor marco legal.

ABSTRACT The study aims at analyzing how to enhance industrial production efficiency in Azerbaijan through a comprehensive analysis of its regions. In the research, various methods are used such as comparative analytical analysis and a systematic approach, utilizing economic development categories like productivity and innovation. The study underscores the importance of considering legal, political, economic, moral, and psychological aspects for the systematic and comprehensive development of industrial production. It is emphasized the regulatory role of the state, prospects for sustainable development in the non-oil sector, the use of human capital to foster entrepreneurship through fair competition, and strategic allocation of industrial enterprises and investments across regions. Recommendations are made aiming at attracting and improve the investments, resolving socio-economic challenges in regions, and creating a better legal framework.

Resumo Este artigo discute questões relativas às diversas iniciativas de plataformização do trabalho docente no contexto atual. O trabalho consiste num esforço empírico de localização e cotejamento de plataformas digitais de ensino, propondo, também, uma análise crítica sustentada por corpo bibliográfico e analítico pertinente. O principal objetivo é indicar, por meio de uma análise sistematizada, como podem se operar, via plataformas digitais de ensino, o sequestro e a precarização do trabalho docente, dissimulado por uma semântica neoliberal que busca conferir edulcoradas associações de sentido idiomático (autonomia, empreendedorismo, etc.) a um processo em que aqueles que trabalham para ou sob o controle das plataformas digitais acabam sendo prejudicados. atual ensino propondo também pertinente indicar sistematizada operar autonomia, autonomia (autonomia empreendedorismo etc. etc prejudicados

Abstract This article discusses issues related to various initiatives for the platformization of teaching work in the current context. The study consists of an empirical effort to locate and compare digital teaching platforms, and proposes a critical analysis supported by a relevant bibliographic and analytical body. The main objective is to show, through a systematized analysis, how the kidnapping and precarization of teaching work via digital teaching platforms can occur. These operations are concealed by a neoliberal semantics that seeks to confer soothed idiomatic meaning associations (autonomy, entrepreneurship etc.) on a process in which those who work for or under the control of digital platforms end up being harmed. context body show occur autonomy, autonomy (autonomy etc. etc harmed

Abstract Purpose: This article studies which sets of variables, besides credit and profitability, influence the survival of micro and small enterprises (MSE) over time. Originality/value: This study innovates in presenting independent variables related to a common objective, contributing to the literature by identifying factors, including financial ones, that can influence MSE survival in a single model, which has not yet been identified in the literature. Therefore, acquiring knowledge that stimulates changes in the behavior of entrepreneurs, public authorities, stakeholders, and private institutions related to the subject is expected to promote the creation of new management tools, which can decrease the closure of several MSEs within a short time of operation. Design/methodology/approach: Secondary data from the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District relative to the period between 2008 and 2012 were used. Reduced equation models with estimation utilizing a Tobit were used, as the dependent variable is censored, in addition to the OLS method with fixed effects panel and robust error, with equivalent results. The factor analysis by the principal component method (FA-PCM) was used in the data analysis. Findings: The results showed significant factors for MSE survival, such as the need for employment and income, investments in health, access to financing, and, mostly, the importance of education, among others. Moreover, the study demystifies that the leading cause of MSE death is the lack of credit, as there is too much credit on the market, either through banks or investors.

Resumo Objetivo: Estudar quais conjuntos de variáveis, além do crédito e da rentabilidade, influenciam a sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) ao longo do tempo. Originalidade/valor: O presente estudo inova na apresentação de variáveis independentes relacionadas com objetivo comum. Contribui para a literatura ao identificar fatores, além dos financeiros, que podem influenciar na sobrevivência das MPE em um único modelo, algo ainda não identificado na literatura. Espera-se assim adquirir conhecimentos que estimulem mudanças no comportamento por parte dos empreendedores, do poder público, dos stakeholders e de instituições privadas afins ao tema, para que seja estimulada a criação de novas ferramentas de gestão que venham a minimizar o fechamento de tantas MPE com pouco tempo de existência. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Utilizaram-se dados secundários dos 26 estados e do Distrito Federal brasileiros entre os anos de 2008 e 2012. Foram empregados os modelos de equação reduzida com estimação por meio de um Tobit, haja vista a variável dependente ser censurada, e pelo método MQO em painel com efeitos fixos e erro robusto, com resultados equivalentes. Na análise de dados, utilizou-se o método da análise fatorial pelo método dos componentes principais (AF-MCP). Resultados: Os resultados apresentados apontaram fatores significantes para a sobrevivência das MPE, como necessidade de emprego e renda, investimentos em saúde, acesso a financiamento e, em destaque, a importância da educação, entre outras. Além disso, o trabalho desmistifica que a causa principal da mortandade das MPE é a falta de crédito, pois há ofertas em demasia no mercado, seja por meio dos bancos ou de investidores.

ABSTRACT Female entrepreneurship (FENT) has long been presented as primarily driven by necessity, encompassing gendered social processes that push women into venturing to find independence, self-assurance, financial relief, or a more balanced lifestyle. Extant research also identified differences in motivations and barriers to female self-employment in developing versus developed countries. Thus, the article proposes an integrative framework combining Mixed Embeddedness and Institutional Theory to analyze immigrant women’s entrepreneurial process, adopting a multi-theoretical lens to deepen the understanding of women’s entrepreneurial practices, addressing Granovetter’s embeddedness’ inconsistencies.

RESUMEN El espíritu empresarial femenino (EEFEM) se ha presentado durante mucho tiempo como impulsado principalmente por la necesidad que abarca los procesos sociales de género que empujan a las mujeres a aventurarse como un medio para encontrar la independencia, la seguridad en sí mismas, el alivio financiero o un estilo de vida más equilibrado. La investigación existente también identificó diferencias en las motivaciones y barreras para el autoempleo femenino en países en desarrollo frente a países desarrollados. Por lo tanto, el artículo propone un marco integrador que combina el arraigo mixto y la teoría institucional para analizar el proceso empresarial de las mujeres inmigrantes, adoptando una lente multiteórica para profundizar la comprensión de las prácticas empresariales de las mujeres en el extranjero, abordando las inconsistencias del arraigo de Granovetter.

RESUMO O empreendedorismo feminino (EFEM) vem sendo apresentado como impulsionado principalmente pela necessidade, abrangendo processos sociais de gênero que levam as mulheres a empreender como meio de encontrar independência, autoconfiança, alívio financeiro ou um estilo de vida mais equilibrado. Pesquisas existentes também identificaram diferenças nas motivações e barreiras ao autoemprego feminino em países em desenvolvimento versus países desenvolvidos. Assim, o artigo propõe um quadro integrador combinando a Imersão Mista e a Teoria Institucional para analisar o processo empreendedor das mulheres imigrantes, adotando uma lente multiteórica para aprofundar a compreensão das práticas empreendedoras das mulheres no exterior e sanar as inconsistências da imersão de Granovetter.

ABSTRACT The plastic film materials are a widely used agricultural means of production. Recently, two types of new agricultural film mulches are developed and are used popularly. They are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyolefin (PO) film mulches. The transmittances of film mulches are related to thermal reservation and plant photosynthesis. We experimentally measure transmittances of several EVA and PO film mulches under different wavelengths. We also find that the transmittances of mulches vary with light intensity change at one wavelength. The variable transmittances for these mulches are also measured in experiments. These data measured can provides help for agricultural production and accurate numerical simulation for the establishment microclimate of plastic greenhouse, even the degradation of plastic films. Recently popularly ethylenevinyl ethylene vinyl (EVA (PO photosynthesis wavelengths wavelength experiments greenhouse films

BACKGROUND: Local small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) are ready to join the cement mining companies' supply chains. However, the perceived risks of doing business with SMMEs cause mines to be hesitant to engage in meaningful relationships with SMME suppliers AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the nature of supplier relationship management (SRM) for enterprise and supplier development in a cement mining industry. SETTING: The study is conducted in the cement mining companies and explores insights from SMMEs and cement mines insofar as SRM is concerned. METHODS: The study employed a qualitative research approach, employing interviews as a research strategy and data collection method. In all, 16 individuals were purposively selected based on their expertise and experience in the area SRM for enterprise and supplier development in the cement mining industry. Thematic analysis was used as a data analysis method. RESULTS: Following thematic data analysis, the following six themes emerged from the primary data: funding the relationship, skills development, segmenting suppliers, supplier compliance, information sharing, and supplier performance monitoring and evaluation CONCLUSION: Enterprise and supplier development (ESD) programmes should be sufficiently formalised and funded. This will enable meaningful skills development for SMMEs with the specific focus on compliance and performance improvement. Enterprise and supplier development programmes should also be designed to facilitate information sharing between the mining company and SMMEs. CONTRIBUTION: The study proposes the building blocks for SRM for enterprise and supplier development in the cement mining industry. The study further extends literature in the areas of SRM.

BACKGROUND: This study will elaborate on previous research investigating the relationship between project success (PS) (customer perception [CP], project characteristics [PC], project performance [PP], project team [PT]) and entrepreneurial performance (EP) (improved entrepreneurial action [IEA], company characteristics [CC]), and how project risk (PR) moderates this relationship. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between PS and EP, and how PR moderates the relationship. This way, a better understanding of organisational performance and the contribution that PS can make is established. SETTING: Survey data were collected from 369 South African project-oriented organisations. METHODS: The research design is a formal, ex post facto study, incorporating existing statistical measures between PS and EP, and how PR moderates this relationship. Linear regressions were used to investigate these complex correlations and explore possible causal relationships. These regressions demonstrated possible patterns of relationships that appear consistent with specific causal interpretations and inconsistent with others. RESULTS: Companies' characteristics or entrepreneurial activity is not significantly predicted by industry type or experience. Despite organisations initiating new projects, it does not necessarily imply innovation. Moreover, as most data came from people with less than 5 years in the field, it strongly indicated that lack of experience adversely affected the study. CONCLUSION: There's only partial consistency between the results and previous studies, as volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity limit the reliability of project success. CONTRIBUTION: Practitioners and researchers can still benefit from the present study results despite its misalignment with previous research.