PURPOSE: Ambidextrous SME innovations and technology models have led to success stories in the past. They face new challenges due to increasing uncertainty in the business environment. Purpose: The study reviews ambidexterity literature to determine trends and themes existing in the body of literature on ambidexterity. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study employed a bibliometric and Vosviewer analysis of 1808 articles published on Scopus database from 1999-2022. The study used several indicators including data overview (scientific production in the area and three field-plot), conceptual structure (co-occurrence network, thematic map, and evolution), keyword analysis, and thematic mapping. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The analysis indicated five main themes on which the ambidexterity literature focuses. The results revealed that the key themes in ambidexterity literature are continuous innovation, knowledge management, dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial and market orientation, enterprise resource management (ERM), and business performance. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The review highlighted that SMEs struggle more in dynamic business environments. Business changes in recent years have proved the importance of innovation, ERM, knowledge management, and dynamic capabilities as beneficial factors for achieving enhanced performance. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The analysis reveals several links in literature and valuable insights into possible models that can be scaled up and replicated across different industries. Themes in the domain mainly focussed on knowledge management, firm performance, digital transformation, open innovation, dynamic capabilities as well as entrepreneurial and marketing orientation The proposed business model can assist SMEs owners and managers in swiftly adapting to unpredictability in the changing business climate caused by the recent pattern of events.

PURPOSE: This article establishes a connection between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance, exploring the mediating effects of knowledge-based capabilities (KBC), social media use capabilities (SMUCs) and customer relationship management capabilities (CRMCs), with moderation by environmental dynamism (ED). Utilising the resource-based view (RBV) framework and a mediation moderation model, the research empirically explores these connections DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Data were gathered via a survey from 900 listed firms in Ethiopia and China, spanning manufacturing and service industries. The questionnaire underwent translation into Chinese and Amharic from English. A quantitative approach, utilising convenience sampling for survey distribution, was employed. SPSS 24 software facilitated mediation analysis, revealing no concerns related to discriminant validity FINDINGS/RESULTS: The findings affirm the positive impacts of EO on KBC, SMUC and CRMC in China, while only on SMUC in Ethiopia. In addition, a positive mediation of KBC, SMUC and CRMC between EO and firm performance. Additionally, ED moderated the link between SMUC, CRMC and firm performance PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our study recommends that policymakers and managers should invest in training programmes and information technology, organising workshops to educate staff on the effective use of social media tools. This investment holds substantial potential for dynamically transforming business models, processes and customer trends ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study adds to the current body of knowledge by exploring EO-firm performance correlation, incorporating the mediating effects of KBC, SMUC and CRMC while considering the moderating influence of ED

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of absorption capacity and entrepreneurial orientation on economic, social and environmental sustainability in the hotel sector in tourist regions of Santa Catarina. This is a research is quantitative and descriptive, of the survey type, focusing on original primary data. The Structural Equation Modeling technique was used to test the hypotheses, through the software program SmartPLS3.0. The results indicate that the sustainability construct is directly and positively influenced by absorption capacity (ACAP) and by entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and that the EO receives a direct and positive effect of ACAP. Also, these relationships are determined by the classification of the accommodation establishment. The originality of this study lies in its deepening of the influence of ACAP on entrepreneurial orientation, and of both constructs on sustainability. It will also provide support to entrepreneurs in the accommodation sector in tourist destinations, indicating the importance of acquiring knowledge from outside the company that, when absorbed, will enable improvements in entrepreneurial action and the adoption of sustainability practices in the sector.

Resumem: El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar la influencia de la capacidad de absorción y la orientación empresarial en la sostenibilidad económica, social y ambiental, del sector hotelero en las regiones turísticas de Santa Catarina. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa y descriptiva, tipo encuesta, centrada en datos primarios originales. Para la prueba de hipótesis se utilizó la técnica de Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales operada a través del Software SmartPLS3.0. Los resultados indican que el constructo sustentabilidad está directa y positivamente influenciado por la capacidad de absorción (ACAP) y por la orientación emprendedora (EO) y que la EO recibe un efecto directo y positivo de la ACAP. Asimismo, estas relaciones se controlan según la clasificación del alojamiento. La originalidad de este estudio radica en la profundización de la influencia de ACAP en la orientación emprendedora y de ambos constructos en la sustentabilidad. Así como, contribuir a los emprendedores del sector del alojamiento en los destinos turísticos, señalando la necesidad de prestar atención al conocimiento que está fuera de la empresa, y que, al ser absorbido, posibilita mejoras en la acción emprendedora y la adopción de prácticas de sostenibilidad en el sector.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a influência da capacidade absortiva e da orientação empreendedora na sustentabilidade econômica, social e ambiental, no setor hoteleiro das regiões turísticas catarinenses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa e descritiva do tipo survey com foco em dados primários originais. Fez-se uso da técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais operacionalizada por meio do software SmartPLS3.0 para o teste das hipóteses. Os resultados indicam que o constructo sustentabilidade é influenciado direta e positivamente pela capacidade absortiva (ACAP) e pela orientação empreendedora (OE) e que a OE recebe efeito direto e positivo da ACAP. Ainda, que essas relações são controladas segundo a classificação, por número de estrelas, do meio de hospedagem. A originalidade deste estudo está no aprofundamento da influência da ACAP na orientação empreendedora e de ambos os constructos na sustentabilidade. Bem como, ao contribuir com os empreendedores do setor hoteleiro apontando para a necessidade de manter atenção aos conhecimentos que estão fora da empresa, e que ao serem absorvidos possibilitam melhorias na ação empreendedora e na adoção de práticas de sustentabilidade no setor.

BACKGROUND: Existing research recognises that entrepreneurship orientation (EO) is essential for success. However, the mediating role of EO in driving entrepreneurial intention (EI) amongst young adults, especially in the context of the digital revolution, remains largely underexplored. AIM: Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the mediated effect of risk taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness on EI in an emerging economy. SETTING: The sample for this study was drawn from the young adult population in South Africa who understands the concept of entrepreneurship. METHOD: In the study, a quantitative method to collect the data is used, while structural equation modelling is used to test the extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB). RESULTS: Findings indicate that risk taking mediates the effects of attitude, entrepreneurial capability, and the perceived benefits of digital technology on EI. The results did not support the mediating function of proactiveness and innovativeness. In fact, this result challenges the TPB's simplistic structure and reveals the prominent role of risk taking in determining TPB predictors. CONCLUSION: Given the significance of risk taking, governments and entrepreneurship centres are urged to promote risk taking in all their entrepreneurship development programmes. CONTRIBUTION: Considering the significance of the global digital transformation, this study extends the TPB by incorporating the perceived benefits of digital technology among the predictors of entrepreneurial intent. It also emphasises the role of risk taking in mediating the effects of these predictors on the entrepreneurial intention of young adults in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Incubates are individuals who are start-up entrepreneurs and have deficiencies vested in their own personal capabilities. These personal deficiencies or shortcomings originate from a lack of entrepreneurial experience; a lack of entrepreneurial orientation; and a lack of entrepreneurial and management skills. It is unclear which personal deficiencies are applicable or unique to incubates within the Northern Cape province, South Africa. PURPOSE: As South Africa's unemployment rate is at the highest it has ever been, the question is posed to government regarding what is being done to improve the situation. This study focuses specifically on identifying the personal deficiencies of incubates within the incubator sector and exactly why these factors are negatively impacting incubates. SETTING: This study was conducted amongst incubates, incubator managers and incubator staff within the Northern Cape province, South Africa. METHODOLOGY: Semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst 63 participants who were Northern Cape incubates. A purposive non-probability sampling strategy was used whereby homogenous and snowballing sampling were used. The interview data was transcribed and analysed into research themes aligned within entrepreneurship. FINDINGS: The main deficiencies identified included a lack of: (1) entrepreneurial experience; (2) entrepreneurial orientation; and (3) entrepreneurial skills. VALUE: New themes on entrepreneurial deficiencies amongst incubates are identified that are unique to the region and provides recommendations for future research. Professional development, a diversification of commercial activities, along with a selection instrument for applicant-entrepreneurs in incubators within the region are recommended.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study focuses on analyzing the institutional context and collaborative networks affecting farmers’ entrepreneurial capacity in Mexico. Originality/value: Both the institutional framework and collaborative networks are part of the environment faced by the farmer and empower them to decide about their business, being decisive elements to generate confidence in the environment and reduce the risk of assuming economic responsibilities Design/methodology/approach: We incorporate the moderating effect of the institutional context considering its influence on collaboration networks. The statistical technique of structural equation models was used to test the hypotheses. The sample comprised 192 farmers from the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Findings: The results showed significant and positive effects of institutional pillars and collaborative networks on the capacity to undertake. Regarding the non-significant effects of the institutional context as a moderating variable, further research is suggested to review the relationship of institutional pillars with collaboration networks and their possible negative relationship. Institutional pillars represent the perception of the social structure relevant to measuring society’s position regarding the capacities, in this case, of rural entrepreneurship, especially when making public policies. The impact of current government actions on the commercial activity should be considered. Subsequently, public policies must have a practical application by the legal framework and the formation of an environment of certainty based on the normative and cognitive pillars of the institutional context.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo se concentra em analisar o contexto institucional e as redes colaborativas que afetam a capacidade empreendedora dos agricultores no México. Originalidade/valor: Tanto o quadro institucional quanto as redes colaborativas fazem parte do ambiente enfrentado pelo agricultor e o capacitam para decidir sobre seu negócio, sendo elementos decisivos para gerar confiança no meio ambiente e reduzir o risco de assumir responsabilidades econômicas. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Incorporamos o efeito moderador do contexto institucional considerando sua influência nas redes de colaboração. A técnica estatística de modelos de equações estruturais foi utilizada para testar as hipóteses. A amostra foi composta por 192 agricultores do estado de Aguascalientes, México. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram efeitos significativos e positivos dos pilares institucionais e das redes colaborativas sobre a capacidade de empreender. Em relação aos efeitos não significativos do contexto institucional como variável moderadora, sugerem-se novas pesquisas para revisar a relação dos pilares institucionais com as redes de colaboração e sua possível relação negativa. Os pilares institucionais representam a percepção da estrutura social, relevante para mensurar o posicionamento que a sociedade tem em relação às capacidades, nesse caso, do empreendedorismo rural, principalmente na elaboração de políticas públicas. Deve ser considerado o impacto que as atuais ações governamentais estão causando na atividade comercial. Posteriormente, é necessário que as políticas públicas tenham uma aplicação efetiva pelo arcabouço legal e a formação de um ambiente de certeza baseado nos pilares normativos e cognitivos do contexto institucional.

RESUMO Objetivo: este estudo objetiva propor e validar com especialistas um framework com os elementos de mensuração do empreendedorismo social para países em desenvolvimento. Marco teórico: o empreendedorismo social é abordado com base em elementos das três principais escolas de pensamento: europeia, americana e dos países em desenvolvimento. Métodos: o framework proposto foi concebido a partir da revisão bibliográfica dos modelos de empreendedorismo indexados nas bases Web of Science e Scopus. Foram extraídas as dimensões associadas ao empreendedorismo social e as suas potenciais categorias de análises, compondo um quadro preliminar de indicadores validados por um painel de especialistas através da técnica Delphi. Resultados: o modelo inclui elementos de mensuração do empreendedorismo relacionados aos níveis individual e organizacional, compondo quatro dimensões, a saber: intenção social empreendedora, orientação social empreendedora, processos, e resultados. Reconhece que o empreendedorismo social nos países em desenvolvimento depende de uma orientação para o social, que se reflete na vontade de solucionar problemas da sociedade, gerando, assim, além de valor econômico, os valores social e ambiental. Conclusões: entre as contribuições deste estudo, destaca-se a promoção de uma forma de avaliação para o empreendedorismo social em países em desenvolvimento, visto que não foram encontrados modelos de mensuração do empreendedorismo social abrangendo este contexto. Além disso, colabora para o avanço do campo, no sentido de que pode se tornar uma ferramenta de mensuração que contempla de forma integrativa os principais elementos característicos ao empreendedor e ao empreendimento social. Objetivo teórico pensamento europeia Métodos Scopus análises Delphi Resultados organizacional saber empreendedora processos resultados sociedade gerando assim econômico ambiental Conclusões destacase destaca contexto disso campo

ABSTRACT Objective: this study aims to propose and validate with experts a framework with elements for measuring social entrepreneurship for developing countries. Theoretical framework: social entrepreneurship is approached based on elements from the three main schools of thought: European, American, and of developing countries. Methods: the proposed framework was designed based on a literature review of entrepreneurship models indexed in Web of Science and Scopus databases. The dimensions associated with social entrepreneurship and their potential analysis categories were identified, composing a preliminary framework of indicators validated by a panel of experts using the Delphi technique. Results: the model includes elements of entrepreneurship measurement related to the individual and organizational levels, composing four dimensions, namely: social entrepreneurial intention, social entrepreneurial orientation, processes, and outcomes. It shows that social entrepreneurship in developing countries depends on an orientation toward the social, which is reflected in the desire to solve society’s problems. Thus, in addition to economic value, it generates social and environmental value. Conclusions: among the study’s contributions, the development of a form of assessment for social entrepreneurship in a specific context stands out, since no models for measuring social entrepreneurship were found within this context. The results also tend to contribute to the advance of the field, given that it can become a tool, a measurement model that includes the main characteristic elements of both the entrepreneur and the social enterprise. Objective thought European American Methods databases identified technique Results levels namely intention processes outcomes societys society s problems Thus value Conclusions studys contributions out field tool enterprise

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to analyze the mediation of institutional factors in the relationship between strategic orientations and the propensity of companies, particularly technology-based companies (TBCs), to internationalize in emerging economies. Method: This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with a population and sample of 137 Brazilian TBCs. The data were analyzed through correlational and multivariate analysis using the structural equation modeling technique. Results: The findings indicate that institutional factors positively influence the propensity for internationalization of the investigated TBCs. Additionally, these institutional factors mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial strategic orientations and international growth orientation. In other words, entrepreneurship can enhance the international expansion capacity of TBCs, and the institutional environment of the target market often influences the success of this expansion. Conclusion: The presence of mediation, even when there is a strong entrepreneurial orientation, suggests that TBCs do not operate in isolation. Rather, their success is deeply connected to the institutional contexts in which they operate. For an effective international growth strategy, TBCs must focus on their internal capacities and orientations and remain attentive and adaptable to the nuances and demands of the institutional environment.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las interrelaciones que existen entre la orientación emprendedora, la responsabilidad social corporativa, la gestión de la calidad total, y cómo influyen sobre el desempeño de los hoteles. Además, se examina el efecto moderador de la orientación emprendedora sobre la relación entre la responsabilidad social corporativa y el desempeño. Finalmente, se analiza el efecto mediador de la gestión de la calidad total en la relación entre orientación emprendedora y desempeño. Diseño metodológico: Es una investigación explicativa de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta de 32 ítems a 584 hoteles de 3 o más estrellas de los Estados Unidos y México. Se utilizó la técnica estadística de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales. Resultados: Se evidencia la existencia de una relación directa entre la mayoría de los factores analizados entre ellos mismos y el incremento del desempeño de los hoteles. Existe una fuerte conexión entre la gestión de la calidad total y la responsabilidad social corporativa. Empero, la orientación emprendedora sólo influye sobre la calidad total y no sobre la responsabilidad social como relación directa ni tampoco como efecto moderador. Finalmente, existe efecto mediador de la calidad total en relación con la orientación emprendedora y el desempeño. Limitaciones de la investigación: La principal limitación fue el acceso para encuestar a los hoteles debido a la pandemia por COVID-19. Hallazgos: Los factores inciden en un mejor desempeño, sin embargo, la adopción simultánea de todos no permite maximizar los beneficios. Consecuentemente, termina generando fuerte gasto de tiempo y recursos en relación con el aumento adicional del desempeño.

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the interrelationships that exist between entrepreneurial orientation, corporate social responsibility, total quality management, and how they influence the hotels' performance. In addition, the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and performance is examined. Finally, the mediating effect of total quality management in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance is analyzed. Methodological design: It is an explanatory cross-sectional investigation. A 32-item survey was applied to 584 3-star and higher hotels in the United States and Mexico. The statistical technique of the structural equations model by partial least squares was used. Results: The existence of a direct relationship between most of the factors analyzed among themselves and the increase in the performance of the hotels is evident. There is a strong connection between total quality mana-gement and corporate social responsibility. However, the entrepreneurial orientation only influences the total quality and not social responsibility as a direct relationship or as a moderating effect. Finally, there is a mediating effect of total quality about entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Research limitations: The main limitation was access to survey hotels due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: All factors influence better performance; however, the simultaneous adoption of all of them does not allow maximizing all the benefits. On the contrary, it ends up generating heavy expenditure of time and resources about the additional increase in performance.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial passion for developing and opportunity-based strategic orientation, by considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial alertness and the moderating role of adaptive capability. Data from 137 small firms in the southern region of Mexico were collected between August and November 2019, which were analyzed with a moderated mediation method. The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial alertness partially mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and strategic orientation. The findings also indicate that the indirect effects of entrepreneurial passion on strategic orientation through alertness are moderated by adaptive capability. The originality of this study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship and strategy by demonstrating that the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and strategic orientation can be better understood when suitable mediator and moderator variables are included, taking into account the relevant limitations.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la relación entre la pasión empresarial por desarrollar y la orientación estratégica basada en oportunidades considerando la alerta empresarial como variable mediadora y la capacidad de adaptación como variable moderadora. Se recopilaron datos de 137 pequeñas empresas de la región sur de México entre agosto y noviembre de 2019, los cuales fueron analizados con un método de mediación moderada. Los resultados muestran que la alerta empresarial media parcialmente la relación entre la pasión empresarial y la orientación estratégica. Los hallazgos también indican que los efectos indirectos de la pasión empresarial sobre la orientación estratégica a través de la alerta empresarial son moderados por la capacidad de adaptación. La originalidad de este estudio contribuye a la literatura sobre emprendimiento y estrategia al demostrar que la relación entre la pasión empresarial y la orientación estratégica puede entenderse mejor cuando se incluyen variables mediadoras y moderadoras adecuadas teniendo en consideración las limitaciones que esto conlleva.

Resumen Esta investigación estudia los efectos subyacentes de la innovación abierta en la relación entre la orientación emprendedora y la ventaja competitiva. Se comprobaron las hipótesis mediante ecuaciones estructurales en PLS-SEM para los datos recopilados en un instrumento de escala Likert, a una muestra de 102 PYMES hortofrutícolas en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Los resultados demuestran que la orientación emprendedora influye positivamente en la innovación abierta; a su vez la innovación abierta afecta la ventaja competitiva, comprobándose así el rol mediador de la innovación abierta. Es decir, no es suficiente que los gerentes de las PYMES sean proactivos, arriesgados e innovadores para alcanzar una ventaja competitiva, también deben incorporar prácticas de innovación abierta para lograr una ventaja competitiva sostenible. Este estudio contribuye a la literatura emergente sobre los efectos subyacentes de la innovación abierta, así como sus efectos en la ventaja competitiva.

Abstract This research studies the underlying effects of open innovation on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage. The hypotheses were tested using structural equations in PLS-SEM for the data collected in a Likert scale instrument, to a sample of 102 fruit and vegetable SMEs in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The results show that entrepreneurial orientation positively influences open innovation; In turn, open innovation affects competitive advantage, thus proving the mediating role of open innovation. In other words, it is not enough for SME managers to be proactive, risky and innovative to achieve competitive advantage, they must also incorporate open innovation practices to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. This study contributes to the emerging literature on the underlying effects of open innovation, as well as its effects on competitive advantage.

Abstract Learning from other firms is identified as an important resource for firm survival. Benchmarking is a learning mechanism that can aid firms in identifying superior organizational capabilities and behaviors among other firms. Firms that possess stronger benchmarking capabilities and are able to align their strategic posture with those of market leaders, may be more likely to enjoy greater firm performance. One strategic posture that has been shown to lead to higher performance is a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Notwithstanding, the benchmarking of organizational entrepreneurial postures as a route to enhanced firm performance has received little attention. We empirically examine firm performance implications regarding deviation in key EO dimensions from those of top performing firms. Results suggest that the alignment of various dimensions of EO with those of top-performers are more outstanding than others and that the direction of deviation from the benchmark connotes performance implications. We discussed limitations and potential for future research.

Resumen El aprendizaje de otras empresas se identifica como un recurso importante para la supervivencia empresarial. La evaluación comparativa es un mecanismo de aprendizaje que puede ayudar a las empresas a identificar capacidades y comportamientos organizacionales superiores entre otras empresas. Las empresas que poseen capacidades de evaluación comparativa más sólidas y pueden alinear su postura estratégica con las de los líderes del mercado, pueden tener más probabilidades de disfrutar de un mayor rendimiento empresarial. Una postura estratégica que se ha demostrado que conduce a un mayor rendimiento es la orientación empresarial (EO) de una empresa. Sin embargo, a pesar de este hecho, la evaluación comparativa de las posturas empresariales organizacionales como una ruta para mejorar el desempeño de la empresa ha recibido poca atención. Examinamos empíricamente las implicaciones en el desempeño de la empresa de la desviación entre las dimensiones clave de EO de las de las empresas de mejor desempeño. Los resultados sugieren que la alineación de algunas dimensiones de EO con las de los mejores es más destacada que otras y que la dirección de desviación del punto de referencia tiene implicaciones de rendimiento. Discutimos las limitaciones y el potencial para futuras investigaciones.

Abstract This research strives to examine the influence of financial access towards the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through entrepreneurship oriented finance. The research respondents were comprised of 265 batik MSME entrepreneurs from three regions in Central Java Province in Indonesia, which are Pekalongan Regency, Rembang Regency, and Surakarta Municipality. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to synchronously test the data. The research results revealed that financial access, entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurship oriented finance have a positive influence on MSME performance. In addition, financial access, business prospect, entrepreneurial orientation, and government policy support have a positive influence on entrepreneurship oriented finance. Furthermore, entrepreneurship oriented finance mediates the influence between business prospects, entrepreneurial orientation, and government policy support towards MSME performance.

Resumen Esta investigación se esfuerza por examinar la influencia del acceso financiero en el desempeño de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYME) a través de las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento. Los encuestados de la investigación estaban compuestos por 265 emprendedores de MIPYME batik de tres regiones de la provincia de Java Central en Indonesia, que son la regencia de Pekalongan, la regencia de Rembang y el municipio de Surakarta. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probar los datos de forma sincrónica. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron que el acceso financiero, la orientación empresarial y las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento tienen una influencia positiva en el desempeño de las MIPYME. Además, el acceso financiero, la perspectiva comercial, la orientación empresarial y el apoyo de las políticas gubernamentales tienen una influencia positiva en las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento. Además, las finanzas orientadas al emprendimiento median la influencia entre las perspectivas comerciales, la orientación empresarial y el apoyo de la política gubernamental al desempeño de las MIPYME

RÉSUMÉ : Cet article analyse la relation entre les dimensions de l'orientation entrepreneuriale (OE) et la performance des coopératives de crédit. On aborde six dimensions : la capacité d'innovation, la prise de risque, la proactivité, l'autonomie, l'agressivité concurrentielle et le réseau de relations. Nous avons mené une enquête auprès d'un échantillon de 67 coopératives. Pour l'analyse des données, on a utilisé un modèle d'équation structurelle dans le logiciel Smart PLS 3.0. Les résultats montrent que, dans l'OE, les dimensions « acceptation du risque » et « agressivité concurrentielle » sont positivement et significativement associées à la performance. Malgré les spécificités des coopératives de crédit, on observe la pertinence de certaines des dimensions de ce concept dans la gestion de ces institutions. L'étude contribue à la littérature en explorant la multidimensionnalité du concept d'oE, en augmentant une dimension peu discutée (le réseau de relations) et en considérant un contexte unique (les coopératives de crédit).

RESUMO: Este estudo analisa como as dimensões da orientação empreendedora (OE) relacionam-se com o desempenho nas cooperativas de crédito. Para tanto, abordam-se seis dimensões: inovativi-dade, assunção de riscos, proatividade, autonomia, agressividade competitiva e rede de relações. Foi realizada um survey, com uma amostra de 67 cooperativas. Para a análise de dados, utilizou-se modelagem de equações estruturais, no software SmartPLS 3.0. Os achados evidenciam que, na OE, as dimensões "assunção de risco" e "agressividade competitiva" mantêm associação positiva e significativa com o desempenho. Apesar das especificidades das cooperativas de crédito, observa-se a pertinência de algumas das dimensões desse construto na gestão de tais instituições. O estudo contribui para a literatura ao explorar a multidimensionalidade do construto da OE, ao acrescentar uma dimensão com escassa discussão (rede de relações) e ao considerar um contexto singular (cooperativas de crédito).

RESUMEN: El artículo analiza cómo las dimensiones de la orientación emprendedora (OE) se relacionan con el desempeño de las cooperativas de crédito. Para ello, se abordan seis dimensiones: innovatividad, admisión de riesgos, proactividad, autonomía, agresividad competitiva y red de relaciones. Se realizó un survey, con una amuestra de 67 cooperativas. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó modelado de ecuaciones estructurales, en el software SmartPLS 3.0. Los hallazgos evidencian que, en la OE, las dimensiones "admisión de riesgos" y "agresividad competitiva" mantienen asociación positiva y significativa con el desempeño. A pesar de las especificidades de las cooperativas de crédito, se observa la pertinencia de algunas de las dimensiones de este constructo en la gestión de tales instituciones. El estudio aporta a la literatura al explorar la multidimensio-nalidad del constructo de la OE, al incrementar una dimensión con escasa discusión (red de relaciones) y al considerar un contexto singular (cooperativas de crédito).

ABSTRACT This study analyzes how the different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) are related to the performance of credit unions. To do this, six dimensions will be addressed: innovativeness, risk-taking, pro-activity, autonomy, competitive aggressiveness, and relationship networks. Data collection included the application of a survey to a sample of 67 credit unions in Brazil. Data analysis involved the use of structural equation modeling in SmartPLS 3.0 software. Our findings show that "risk-taking" and "competitive aggressiveness" have a positive and significant association with business performance. Despite the specificities of credit unions, some of the dimensions of the EO construct are relevant in the management of such institutions. This study contributes to the literature by exploring the multidimensionality of EO and by adding a dimension little-addressed so far (network of relationships) in a unique context (credit unions).

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la relación teórica entre conocimiento y emprendimiento a través de un estudio bibliométrico. Se extraen varios indicadores de la base de datos Web of Science utilizando el software HistCite para bibliometría, incluidas las publicaciones anuales, la densidad de citas y las revistas con el mayor número de publicaciones. Para la aplicación empírica se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo a través de un estudio de caso de cuatro empresas ubicadas en Valencia con la aplicación de una entrevista semiestructurada. El software Atlas.ti se utilizó para analizar los datos. Los resultados indican una relación entre el conocimiento y los constructos de emprendimiento a través de la modelación teórica, destacando la importancia del origen del conocimiento para la creación de nuevos emprendimientos, los procesos de comercialización del conocimiento a través de oportunidades de emprendimiento y el origen y transmisión del conocimiento en organizaciones con orientación emprendedora (EO). La principal limitación es la dispersión de los temas de investigación y la exclusión de publicaciones que no abordaban directamente la relación investigada. El modelo teórico propuesto en este estudio puede extenderse a diferentes ámbitos para identificar y generar oportunidades de emprendimiento, especialmente en universidades y empresas incumbentes. Los estudios futuros deberían validar aún más el modelo empíricamente.

Abstract This paper analyzes the theoretical relationship between knowledge and entrepreneurship through a bibliometric study. Several indicators are drawn from the Web of Science database using the HistCite software for bibliometrics, including annual publications, citation density, and journals with the highest number of publications. For the empirical application, a qualitative approach was adopted through a case study of four companies located in Valencia with the application of a semi-structured interview. The Atlas.ti software was used to analyze the data. The results indicate a relationship between knowledge and entrepreneurship constructs through theoretical modeling, highlighting the importance of the origin of knowledge for new venture creation, knowledge commercialization processes through entrepreneurship opportunities, and the origin and transmission of knowledge in organizations with entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The main limitation is the dispersion of research topics and the exclusion of publications that did not address the investigated relationship directly. The theoretical model proposed in this study can be extended to different spheres to identify and generate entrepreneurship opportunities, especially in universities and incumbent firms. Future studies should further validate the model empirically.