Abstract Tabanidae (Diptera), popularly known as horse flies, is an important vector group. This is the first study to ascertain the abundance and diversity of horse flies in horses at the cerrado biome of the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Collecting took place in typical Cerrado, and sampling occurred in the dry and rainy seasons. The horseflies were collected from horses using an entomological net. A total of 249 individuals were collected and spread over 25 species. The prevalent species were Stypommisa aripuana (25.8%) and Catachlorops rufescens (6.4%), in the dry period, and Fidena lissorhina (22.5%), Tabanus occidentalis var. dorsovittatus (10%) and Poeciloderas quadripunctatus (6.4%), in the rainy season. The results suggest that tabanids attack horses throughout the dry and rainy seasons, posing a constant threat to their health in the Cerrado of Tocantins. Diptera, Diptera , (Diptera) group Tocantins Brazil seasons net 24 2 25.8% 258 8 (25.8% 6.4%, 64 6.4% 6 4 (6.4%) period 22.5%, 225 22.5% 22 5 (22.5%) var 10% 10 (10% season (Diptera 25.8 (25.8 6.4 (6.4% 22.5 (22.5% 1 (10 25. (25. 6. (6.4 22. (22.5 (1 (25 (6. (22. ( (2 (6 (22

Resumo Os tabanídeos, popularmente conhecidos como mutucas, representam um importante grupo de vetores. Este é o primeiro estudo a verificar a abundância e diversidade de mutucas em cavalos, no bioma cerrado do estado do Tocantins, Brasil. As coletas ocorreram em ambiente típico de Cerrado e as amostragens nos períodos seco e chuvoso. Mutucas foram coletadas de cavalos por meio de rede entomológica. Um total de 249 indivíduos foi coletado, representando 25 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Stypommisa aripuana (25,8%) e Catachlorops rufescens (6,4%), no período seco, e Fidena lissorhina (22,5%), Tabanus occidentalis var. dorsovittatus (10%) e Poeciloderas quadripunctatus (6,4%), no período chuvoso. Os resultados sugerem que os tabanídeos atacam equinos ao longo das estações seca e chuvosa, constituindo uma ameaça constante à sua saúde no Cerrado do Tocantins. vetores Tocantins Brasil chuvoso entomológica 24 coletado 2 25,8% 258 8 (25,8% 6,4%, 64 6,4% , 6 4 (6,4%) 22,5%, 225 22,5% 22 5 (22,5%) var 10% 10 (10% chuvosa 25,8 (25,8 6,4 (6,4% 22,5 (22,5% 1 (10 25, (25, 6, (6,4 22, (22,5 (1 (25 (6, (22, ( (2 (6 (22

Resumo: Duas áreas localizadas no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil foram selecionadas para o levantamento da comunidade de abelhas, uma área com vegetação predominante de Cerrado e outra em ecótono Cerrado-Amazônia. Durante cinco expedições em cada área em um período de 12 meses, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020 foram coletados 771 espécimes de abelhas, distribuídas em quatro famílias: Apidae, com a maior abundância e riqueza de espécies, seguida de Halictidae, Megachilidae e Andrenidae. Trigona pallens (Fabricius) (Apidae) foi a espécie com maior abundância em ambas as áreas, totalizando 118 espécimes, o que correspondeu a 26,9% da abundância total de indivíduos da tribo Meliponini. De um modo geral, a comunidade apresentou muitas espécies com poucos indivíduos e poucas espécies com muitos indivíduos. A metodologia de coleta com uso de rede entomológica permitiu a coleta do maior número de indivíduos e de espécies em relação a outros três métodos utilizados. Em ambas as áreas, poucas espécies foram classificadas como muito frequentes (MF) e muito abundantes (MA), de acordo com as classes de frequência e de abundância. Também para ambas as áreas, grande parte das espécies foram constantes (W) e um baixo número de espécies dominantes (D), com mais de 70% delas consideradas acidentais (Z). O presente estudo revelou que tanto o Cerrado como a área de transição Cerrado-Floresta Amazônica apresentou alta riqueza de espécies em comparação com outras áreas destes biomas amostradas no Brasil.

Abstract: Two sites located in Tocantins State, Brazil, were selected for the bee’s community survey. One of them was mostly covered by Cerrado vegetation and the other one is located in the Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest ecotone. Five expeditions were performed in each site throughout a 12-month period, between 2019 and 2020. The total of 771 bee specimens were collected and distributed into four families. Apidae presented the greatest species abundance and richness, it was followed by Halictidae, Megachilidae and Andrenidae, respectively. Trigona pallens (Fabricius) (Apidae) was the species presenting the greatest abundance in both sites, it totaled 118 specimens, which corresponded to 26.9% of the total abundance of individuals belonging to tribe Meliponini. In general, the community presented several species with few individuals and few species with many individuals. Bee collections were performed by using three different methodologies, among them one finds sampling based on the entomological net method, which allowed collecting the largest number of both individuals and species in comparison to the other used methods. Based on the frequency and abundance classes, only few species were classified as very frequent (VF) and very abundant (VA) in both sites based on the frequency and abundance classes. Most species were constant (W) in both regions, and there was a small number of dominant species (D); moreover, more than 70% of the sampled species were considered accidental (Z). According to the present study, either Cerrado or Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest studied sites presented higher species richness than other sites in these biomes sampled in Brazil.

RESUMEN El presente estudio describe las abejas nativas en la Provincia Puna de la Región Andina, en la Reserva Nacional de Salinas y Aguada Blanca en Arequipa, Perú. Los muestreos se realizaron durante siete meses en tres zonas representativas del bosque de Polylepis y del ecosistema Yaretal entre los 3900-4300 m. s. n. m. utilizando dos métodos de colecta: red entomológica y platos amarillos. En total se colectaron 545 especímenes pertenecientes a 26 morfoespecies, diez géneros y cuatro familias. La familia Halictidae presentó la mayor abundancia de individuos 475 (87,1 %), seguida de Megachilidae con 43 individuos (7,7 %), Colletidae 21 individuos (3,8 %) y Apidae con seis individuos (1 %). El género más abundante y diverso fue Caenohalictus con ocho morfoespecies y 466 individuos. Adicionalmente, se colectaron dos especies cleptoparásitas: Acanthopus y Sphecodes. Las áreas de muestreo por debajo de 4100 m.s.n.m. mostraron una mayor riqueza de especies, mientras que el muestreo por encima de 4100 m. s. n. m. mostró una disminución en la diversidad. El muestreo por red entomológica fue el método más efectivo en riqueza de especies (21; 81 %) y el muestreo de platos amarillos en abundancia de individuos (485; 89 %). Los resultados muestran que existe una considerable riqueza de especies de abejas en las áreas altoandinas y resaltan la necesidad de realizar más estudios de abejas en esta y otras ecorregiones del Perú.

ABSTRACT The present study describes the wild bee population in the Puna province of the Andean Region, in the Salinas y Aguada Blanca National Reserve, Arequipa, Peru. Sampling was carried out for seven months in three representative areas of the Polylepis forest and Yaretal ecosystem between 3900 to 4300 m above sea level using two methods (entomological net and pan traps [yellow plates]). A total of 545 specimens were collected, belonging to four families, ten genera, and 26 morphospecies. Halictidae presented the greatest abundance of individuals (475; 87.1 %), followed by Megachilidae (43 individuals; 7.7 %), Colletidae (21 individuals; 3.8 %), and Apidae (6 individuals; 1 %). The most abundant and diverse genus was Caenohalictus, with eight morphospecies and 466 individuals. In addition, two kleptoparasitic species were collected: Acanthopus and Sphecodes. The sampling areas below 4100 m showed greater species richness, whereas the sampling over 4100 m showed a decrease in diversity. Sampling by entomological net was the most effective method for determining species richness (21; 81 %), and the sampling by pan traps for determining individual abundance (485; 89 %). The results show the considerable richness of bee species in the high Andean areas and highlight the need for further studies of bees in this and other ecoregions of Peru.

Resumen Este trabajo es el primer registro sobre la caracterización de la diversidad de lepidópteros (Papilionoidea) en el Parque Arqueológico de Tierradentro, vereda de San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considerada como una región ecoturística y de importancia cultural para el país. Se establecieron recorridos a lo largo de tres coberturas vegetales identificadas como bosque secundario, cultivos de pancoger y potrero. Para la recolecta de mariposas se emplearon dos métodos de muestreo, el primero con red entomológica y el segundo mediante el uso de trampas tipo Van Someren Rydon. Se registró un total de 128 especies, distribuidas en 99 géneros y cinco familias (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae y Lycaenidae). Las coberturas de bosque y cultivos presentaron la mayor diversidad, probablemente por la heterogeneidad vegetal observada. Adicionalmente, se encontró que el bosque presentaba algunas especies indicadoras que se asocian con buenos estados de conservación.

Abstract This work is the first report on the characterization of Lepidoptera diversity (Papilionoidea) in Tierradentro Archaeological Park, San Andrés de Pisimbalá, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia, considered an ecotourism region of cultural importance for the country. Routes were established along secondary forest, pancoger crops and pastures. To collect Lepidoptera, two sampling methods were used, the first using an entomological net and the second using van Someren Rydon traps. A total of 128 species distributed in 99 genera and five families (Nymphalidae, Hesperiidae, Pieridae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae) were collected. Forest cover and pancoger crops were the most diverse, probably due to the plant heterogeneity observed. Additionally, it was found that the forest presented some indicator species that are associated with good conservation states.

Resumen Introducción. Las mariposas son indicadores ecológicos muy sensibles a los cambios ambientales; el inventario de sus comunidades es una herramienta válida para conocer el estado de conservación o alteración de su hábitat. Objetivos. Evaluar la diversidad y composición de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Morphinae y Satyrinae) en los Varíllales de la Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana (RNAM), Perú. Metodología. Los muestreos fueron realizados de enero a diciembre del 2015. En un Varillal alto y bajo a lo largo de 7 transectos de 25 m, las mariposas fueron atraídas con cebos de frutas fermentadas y capturadas con una red entomológica, durante 1 semana de cada mes; con recolectas diarias en el trascurso de la mañana y la tarde. Resultados. Se registraron un total de 2662 individuos, incluidos en 38 especies y 16 géneros, siendo las especies más abundantes Pierella lena, Pierella lamia y Cithaerias pireta aurorina dentro de los Satyrinae; y en los Morphinae figuran Morpho helenor y Caligo eurilochus. Entre las especies comerciales, resaltan Morpho menelaus, M. helenor, Caligo idomeneus, C. eurilochus, C. pireta aurorina y Haetera piera negra. Alcance. La mayor riqueza de especies se encontró en el Varillal alto y albergan varias especies de alto valor para fines de educación ambiental y bionegocios.

Abstract Introduction. Butterflies are very sensitive ecological indicators to environmental changes. The inventory of their communities is a valid tool to know the state of conservation or alteration of their habitat. Objective. To evaluate the diversity and composition of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Morphinae and Satyrinae) in the varillales of the Allpahuayo Mishana National Reserve (RNAM for its acronym in Spanish), Peru. Methodology. Sampling was carried out from January to December 2015. Butterflies were attracted with fermented fruit baits and captured with an entomological net in a high and low Varillal along 7 transepts of 25m during 1 week of each month, with daily collections in the morning and the afternoon. Results. A total of 2,662 individuals were recorded, included in 38 species and 16 genera, being the most abundant species Pierella lena, Pierella lamia and Cithaerias pireta aurorina within the Satyrinae, and Morpho helenor and Caligo eurilochus within the Morphinae. Among the commercial species, Morpho menelaus, M. helenor, Caligo idomeneus, C. eurilochus, C. pireta aurorina and Haetera piera negra stand out. Scope. The highest species richness was found in the upper Varillal and they host several species of high value for environmental education and biobusiness purposes.

Resumen Se evaluó la diversidad y dinámica poblacional de la artropofauna presente en cultivos de arroz bajo los sistemas de siembra secano y riego, con dos variedades de arroz (Fedearroz 174 y Fedearroz 733) y en tres densidades de siembra (60, 100 y 180 kg/ha) en relación a diferentes variables climáticas. Para la recolección de especímenes, se realizaron 10 pases dobles de red entomológica cada ocho días desde la emergencia hasta el inicio de la fase de maduración del grano. Los morfotipos encontrados fueron identificados y agrupados según su tipo de interacción con el cultivo en chupadores, masticadores, depredadores y parasitoides. Las variables climáticas más relevantes se seleccionaron con un análisis de Random Forest. Se identificaron 126 morfotipos en 12 órdenes. La mayor riqueza se encontró en Hemiptera, Coleoptera y Diptera, así como en el grupo de chupadores. No se encontraron diferencias en la abundancia o riqueza de artrópodos entre variedades o densidades de siembra. El sistema de siembra con riego presentó una mayor abundancia total de artrópodos en comparación con el sistema secano, pero en este sistema hubo una mayor riqueza de especies. Las poblaciones de parasitoides y depredadores se correlacionaron negativamente con los masticadores, pero no se presentó ningún efecto sobre los chupadores. La temperatura y la humedad relativa fueron las variables climáticas de mayor relevancia en la dinámica de los artrópodos. Estos resultados contribuyen para el desarrollo de sistemas de monitoreo y manejo de plagas que tengan en cuenta las dinámicas de interacción entre grupos ecológicos y el efecto del clima local.

Abstract The diversity and population dynamics of the arthropods present in rice crops under dry and irrigated planting systems were evaluated, with two rice varieties (Fedearroz 174 and Fedearroz 733), and in three planting densities (60, 100, and 180 kg/ha) in relation to different climatic variables. For specimen collection, 10 double entomological net passes were performed every eight days from emergence to the start of the maturation phase. The morphotypes found were identified and grouped according to their type of interaction with the crop in sap-suckers, chewers, predators, and parasitoids. The most relevant climatic variables were selected with a Random Forest analysis. 126 morphotypes were identified in 12 orders. The greatest richness was found in Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Diptera, as well as in the group of suckers. No differences were found in the abundance or richness of arthropods between varieties or planting densities. The irrigation system presented a greater total abundance of arthropods compared to the rainfed system, but in this system, there was higher species richness. Parasitoid and predator populations were negatively correlated with chewers but there was no effect on sap-suckers. Temperature and relative humidity were the most relevant climatic variables in arthropod dynamics. These results contribute to develop pest monitoring and management systems that take into account the dynamics of interaction between ecological groups and the effect of local climate.

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the entomological fauna in productive systems is important for the agroecological management since beneficial insects are a key resource for pest management in horticultural systems. Scientific information on the biodiversity present in a given area is essential as well as the ecological function and/or feeding habits of the insects. In Alto Valle de Río Negro and Neuquén, horticultural production systems can be described as highly dependent on chemical inputs for pest management and fertilization. The aim of this study is to carry out an inventory of the biodiversity of some families of Hemiptera, Coleoptera (Curculionidae) and Hymenoptera present in peri-urban and rural farms located in Neuquén and Río Negro, respectively. Insects were collected through pitfall and sweeping net on tomato and pepper crops and the surrounding non-cultivated areas. Idiosystatus Berg (Auchenorrhyncha) was cited for the first time from Argentina. Species cited for the first time from Neuquén: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Acanalonia chloris (Berg), Syncharina punctatissima (Signoret), Amplicephalus dubius Linnavuori, Exitianus obscurinervis (Stál), Agalliana ensigera Oman and Bergallia signata (Stál); Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Harmostes (Harmostes) prolixus Stál and Atrachelus (Atrachelus) cinereus (Fabricius); Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hypurus bertrandi (Perris), Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus (Goeze) and Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal and Hymenoptera: Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) augusti Lepeletier and Pseudagapostemon (Neagapostemon) slngularis Jorgensen. Species cited for the first time from Río Negro: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Amplicephalus dubius Linnavuori, Amplicephalus marginellanus Linnavuori, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) and Xerophloea viridis (Fabricius); Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tupiocoriscucurbitaceus (Spinola), Atrachelus (Atrachelus) cinereus (Fabricius), Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius) and Harmostes (Harmostes) prolixus Stál; Coleptera: Curculionidae: Naupactus xanthographus (Germar) and Hymenoptera: Diadasia pereyrae (Holmberg) and Dialictus autranellus (Vachal).

RESUMEN El conocimiento de la fauna entomológica presente en los sistemas productivos es importante para el manejo agroecológico ya que los insectos beneficiosos son un recurso clave para el manejo de plagas en los sistemas hortícolas. Es esencial contar con información científica sobre la biodiversidad presente en un área determinada y la función ecológica y/o los hábitos alimenticios de los insectos. En el Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén, los sistemas de producción hortícola pueden describirse como altamente dependientes de los insumos químicos para el manejo de plagas y fertilización. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un inventario de la biodiversidad de algunas familias de Hemiptera, Coleoptera (Curculionidae) e Hymenoptera presentes en las chacras periurbanas y rurales ubicadas en Neuquén y Río Negro, respectivamente. Los insectos fueron recolectados a través de trampas de caída y red entomológica en cultivos de tomate y pimiento, y áreas circundantes no cultivadas. Idiosystatus Berg (Auchenorrhyncha) fue citado por primera vez en Argentina. Especies citadas por primera vez en Neuquén: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Acanalonia chloris (Berg), Syncharina punctatissima (Signoret), Amplicephalus dubius Linnavuori, Exitianus obscurinervis (Stál), Agalliana ensigera Oman y Bergallia signata (Stál); Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Harmostes (Harmostes) prolixus Stál y Atrachelus (Atrachelus) cinereus (Fabricius); Coleoptera: (Curculionidae): Hypurus bertrandi (Perris), Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus (Goeze) y Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal e Hymenoptera: Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) augusti Lepeletier and Pseudagapostemon (Neagapostemon) singularis Jorgensen. Especies citadas por primera vez en Río Negro: Hemiptera:Auchenorrhyncha:Amplicephalus dubius Linnavuori, Amplicephalus marginellanus Linnavuori, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) y Xerophloea viridis (Fabricius); Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tupiocoriscucurbitaceus (Spinola), Atrachelus (Atrachelus) cinereus (Fabricius), Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius) y Harmostes (Harmostes) prolixus Stál; Coleóptera: Curculionidae: Naupactus xanthographus (Germar) e Hymenoptera: Diadasia pereyrae (Holmberg) y Dialictus autranellus (Vachal).

Abstract The microleafhoppers, Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), known to inhabit avocado trees in Mexico are reviewed. Leafhopper samples were taken using an entomological aspirator and a sweep net on avocado trees in Michoacán state. Three species, Alconeura cinctella, Empoasca angustella and Joruma sp., are newly reported to feed directly on young avocado leaves. An updated checklist and a key for all known species associated with avocado are provided.

Resumen Las microchicharritas Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), conocidas por habitar árboles de aguacate en México son revisadas. Muestras de chicharritas fueron tomadas usando un aspirador entomológico y una red de barrido sobre árboles de aguacate en el estado de Michoacán. Tres especies, Alconeura cinctella, Empoasca angustella and Joruma sp., son recientemente reportadas por alimentarse directamente de hojas jóvenes de aguacate. Se provee una lista actualizada y una clave para todas las especies conocidas asociadas al aguacate.

Abstract In light of recent research that confirms the contribution of pollinating insects to the yield of soybean, the present work qualitatively and quantitatively evaluates the hymenoptera present in the crop canopy, in order to propose which make up the potentially pollinating complex of this oilseed crop. To do this, insects were captured with an entomological net by sweeping the canopy of a soybean crop at different times of the day and throughout the flowering period. The results showed the Formicidae family as the most numerous hymenoptera group, followed by the Apidae family and five other poorly represented families. It is encouraged to consider the hymenoptera as potential pollinators of soybean in the redefinition of the Economic Damage Thresholds, and the need to extend the sampling to other productive regions and for a greater number of years in order to strengthen conclusions.

Resumen A la luz de recientes investigaciones que comprueban la contribución de los insectos polinizadores sobre el rendimiento de la soja, el presente trabajo evalúa cualitativamente y cuantitativamente los himenópteros presentes en la canopia del cultivo, con el objeto de estimar cuáles conforman el complejo potencialmente polinizador de esta oleaginosa. Para ello, se capturaron insectos mediante red entomológica en la canopia de un cultivo de soja, en diferentes horarios del día y a lo largo del periodo de floración. Los resultados mostraron a la familia Formicidae como el grupo de himenópteros más numerosos, seguido por la familia Apidae y otras cinco familias escasamente representadas. Se alienta a considerar a los himenópteros potenciales polinizadores del cultivo de soja, en la redefinición de los Umbrales de Daño Económico y se destaca la necesidad de ampliar el muestreo a otras regiones productivas y durante un mayor número de años a fin de robustecer conclusiones.

Resumo: Objetivo Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) é um gênero de inseto aquático cujas larvas são consideradas fragmentadoras típicas. Porém, a classificação trófica de Phylloicus tem sido baseada na morfologia e comportamento das larvas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a dieta de larvas de Phylloicus em riachos. Métodos Assim, para estabelecer a correta dieta alimentar de Phylloicus analisamos o conteúdo estomacal de 185 larvas coletadas, amostradas com rede entomológica D em 18 riachos de floresta tropical no Oeste do Pará, Brasil. Comparamos o conteúdo estomacal entre os estádios larvais, períodos sazonais (seco e chuvoso) e substratos (e.g. areia, folhiço, raiz, substrato misto). Resultados Identificamos os conteúdos estomacais como matéria orgânica particulada fina (MOPF), matéria orgânica particulada grossa (MOPG) e tecido vegetal. Independentemente do estádio larval, a dieta de Phylloicus foi composta basicamente MOPF (90,4%), houve maior consumo de MOPF no período seco e não houve diferenças significativas no consumo de recursos alimentares entre substratos. Conclusões Esses resultados indicam que a classificação de Phylloicus como fragmentador deve ser associada somente à quebra de folhas para a construção de abrigos e não a sua dieta, que é detritívora, aproveitando a disponibilidade de MOPF nos riachos. A grande quantidade de FPOM consumida por larvas de Phylloicus destaca a importância desse recurso alimentar para comunidades de macroinvertebrados de riachos tropicais. Portanto, estudos regionais de hábitos alimentares são necessários para uma classificação precisa trófica de Phylloicus.

Abstract: Aim The aquatic larvae of the Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) caddisflies are typical shredders. However, the trophic classification of Phylloicus has been based on the morphology and behaviour of the larvae. The aim of this study was to investigate the diet of caddisfly larvae Phylloicus in streams. Methods In order to provide a more reliable classification of Phylloicus diet, we analyzed the stomach contents of 185 larvae collected, sampled with D-frame entomological net from 18 streams located in the tropical forests of western Pará, Brazil. We compared the stomach contents between the larval stages, seasons (dry and rainy), and substrates (i.e., sand, leaf litter, roots, clay and mixed substrates). Results We identified the stomach contents as fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) and plant tissue. The diet of the Phylloicus larvae was composed basically of FPOM, independent of the larval stage (90,4%), was a higher consumption of FPOM in the dry season and there were no significant differences in food resource between substrates. Conclusions These findings indicate that the classification of Phylloicus as a shredder may in fact be based on the processing of leaves for the building of larval cases, rather than the diet, which is in fact detritivorous, enjoying the availability of FPOM in the streams. The great quantity of FPOM consumed by caddisfly larvae Phylloicus highlight the importance of this food resource for macroinvertebrate communities from tropical streams. Therefore, regional studies of feeding habits are needed for accurate classification trophic of Phylloicus.

Resumen El Patía, (Cauca, Colombia) es una zona caracterizada por ser vulnerable a intervenciones antrópicas y fenómenos naturales, lo cual motiva a realizar estudios que reflejen las dinámicas ecológicas empleando organismos indicadores biológicos como las mariposas. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de la matriz ganadera sobre la comunidad de mariposas diurnas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) en Las Martas y La Pachuca, dos fragmentos de bosque seco del Patía. Se emplearon dos métodos de captura: jama entomológica y trampas van Someren Rydon cebadas con pescado y banano descompuestos, establecidos en dos transectos de 300 m cada uno, para cada fragmento. Los muestreos se realizaron entre septiembre 2014 y febrero 2015. Entre los dos fragmentos se registraron 679 individuos, distribuidos en seis familias Nymphalidae (61,12 %), Pieridae (19,00 %), Hesperiidae (13,99 %), Papilionidae (2,65 %), Lycaenidae (2,21 %) y Riodinidae (1,03 %), 14 subfamilias y 81 especies. El coeficiente de Jaccard obtuvo 0,43 de similitud entre la comunidad de lepidópteros diurnos, compartiendo 35 especies del total registrado. La eficiencia del muestreo estuvo entre 48,38 y 67,9 %, sugiriendo continuar con los muestreos en los fragmentos. Se concluye que existe un fuerte efecto de la ganadería extensiva en la comunidad de lepidópteros diurnos, sin embargo, las especies que se registraron como euritopas y estenotopas pueden ser clave para elaborar planes de conservación basados en corredores biológicos.

Abstract The Patía region (Cauca, Colombia) is an area that is vulnerable to anthropic interventions and natural phenomena; this condition motivated the realization of this study, which reflects the ecological dynamics of using butterflies as biological indicator organisms. This research evaluated the effects of the cattle ranching matrix on the community of diurnal butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera), in two fragments of Patía dry forest, Cauca: Las Martas and La Pachuca. Two capture methods were used: entomological net and van Someren Rydon traps primed with fish and decomposed banana, and established in two transects of 300 m each, for each fragment. Sampling was carried out from September 2014 to February 2015. Between the two fragments were 679 individuals distributed in six families: Nymphalidae (61.12 %), Pieridae (19.00 %), Hesperiidae (13.99 %), Lycaenidae (2.21 %), Papilionidae 2.65 %) and Riodinidae (1.03 %), 14 subfamilies and 81 species. The Jaccard coefficient of 0.43 showed similarity among the diurnal lepidopteran community, which shared 35 species of the total recorded. The sampling efficiency was between 48.38 and 67.9 %, which suggesting continuity in the sampling of the fragments. It is concluded that a strong effect of extensive cattle ranching exists in the community of diurnal Lepidoptera, however, the species that were registered as euritopes and stenotopes may be key to developing conservation plans based on biological corridors.

Resumen Objetivo: Proponer dos nuevas especies para la fauna amazónica colombiana. Metodología: Los ejemplares fueron capturados con red entomológica y atrayente de camarón en descomposición en la expedición Colombia Bio Apaporis 2018. Resultados: Las dos nuevas entidades propuestas son Caeruleuptychia sinchi n sp. y Euptychia similis n sp. Alcance: Las nuevas especies para la lepidopterofauna del país aumentan el conocimiento de la diversidad tanto para la región amazónica como para el territorio colombiano.

Abstract Objective: To propose 2 new species for the Colombian Amazon fauna. Methodology: The specimens were captured with an entomological net and with attractant of decomposing shrimp in the Colombia Bio Apaporis 2018 expedition. Results: The two new entities proposed are Caeruleuptychia sinchi n. sp. and Euptychia similis n. sp. Scope: The new species for the lepidoptera fauna of the country increase the knowledge of diversity for both the Amazon region and the Colombian territory.

This study exposes first results about the influence of habitat management with native vegetation on the ecosystem services offered by pollinators and pest controller insects, in vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina. The work was carried out in three vineyards located in Gualtallary, department of Tupungato, which present biological corridors and inter-row coverings with different proportions of native vegetation. In order to determine relevant groups of beneficial insects present, samples with entomological net were taken in corridors and vineyards. The specimens captured were identified and richness, diversity and abundance of pollinating insects (Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Syrphidae) were estimated, as well as of certain groups of predatory insects (Coccinellidae, Nabidae, Reduviidae, Geocoridae, Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Crabronidae and Sphecidae), which were found in those environments. Results suggest that habitat management with intentional provision of native vegetation covers, and particularly with attracting flowering forbs, is potentially efficient to increase biodiversity of the functional groups studied and, therefore, maintain the ecosystem services offered by them.

El presente estudio expone los primeros resultados obtenidos acerca de la influencia del manejo de hábitat con vegetación nativa sobre los servicios ecosistémicos ofrecidos por insectos polinizadores y controladores de plagas, en viñedos de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. El trabajo se realizó en tres viñedos situados en Gualtallary, departamento de Tupungato, los cuales presentan corredores biológicos con diferentes proporciones de vegetación nativa y un manejo del espacio interfilar con coberturas. Con el objetivo de determinar los grupos relevantes de insectos benéficos en corredores y en viñedos, se realizaron muestreos con red entomológica. Se identificaron las especies colectadas y se estimó la riqueza, diversidad y abundancia de insectos polinizadores (Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae y Syrphidae), así como de ciertos grupos de insectos depredadores (Coccinellidae, Nabidae, Reduviidae, Geocoridae, Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Crabronidae y Sphecidae), que se encontraron en esos ambientes. Los resultados sugieren que el manejo de hábitat con provisión intencional de coberturas de vegetación nativa, y en particular de especies con flores atractivas para insectos, es potencialmente eficiente para favorecer la biodiversidad de los grupos funcionales estudiados y, por lo tanto, el mantenimiento de los servicios ecosistémicos ofrecidos por estos.

Abstract This paper investigates the butterfly fauna of the ‘Serra do Rola-Moça’ State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We evaluate i) the seasonal variation of species richness and composition; and ii) the variation in composition of the local butterfly assemblage among three sampling sites and between the dry and rainy seasons. Sampling was carried out monthly between November 2012 and October 2013, using entomological nets. After a total sampling effort of 504 net hours, 311 species were recorded. One of them is endangered in Brazil, and eight are probable new species. Furthermore, two species were new records for the region and eight considered endemic of the Cerrado domain. There was no significant difference in species richness between the dry and the rainy seasons, however the species composition varies significantly among sampling sites. Due to its special, heterogeneous environment, which is home to a rich butterfly fauna, its preservation is important for the conservation of the regional butterfly fauna.

ABSTRACT Estimates of diversity indices provide information on distribution, richness and abundance of species within a community. The aim of the current study was to estimate faunistic indices (richness, constancy, dominance and abundance) of the species collected by beat cloth and entomological net sampling methods in different soybean crops and to determine the sample size necessary to estimate faunistic indices. Fauna density from 100 soybeans crops located in nine municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were evaluated. Thirty points, 20 meters apart from one another, were marked in the crops. At each point, insect pests and natural enemies were collected using the two sampling methods. Faunistic indices, including the average and interval estimates carried out by the resampling method, were calculated for each soybean crop. In the samplings using the beat cloth, richness > dominance = abundance > constancy, and using the entomological nets, richness > dominance > abundance > constancy. All faunistic indices other than dominance were greater when using the beat cloth method than those estimated by the entomological net method. The sample sizes required to estimate richness, constancy, dominance and abundance indices were 38, 78, 47 and more than 300, respectively, with an estimation error of 20 % of the average (p = 0.05). Higher values were observed when entomological net was used.