ABSTRACT Just energy transitions are one of the main goals in political agendas worldwide, as governments assume the responsibility to lead the process in the presence of global public goods and social asymmetries. This paper suggests studying the Spanish case, in which the national Government leads through specific organisms, laws, and tools. The main tool to accomplish the public intervention aimed at mobilising local resources and motivating investments is the Agreement of Just Transition or CTJ. Notwithstanding, CTJS present limitations that this paper classifes into three categories: concept and design, diagnosis, and participative processes. There is a prevalent emphasis on quantifying job risks and labour income, prioritising so-cioeconomic consequences over the environmental devastation caused by abandoned facilities, neglecting the indirect job losses, and frequently evaluating impacts belatedly. Job quality analysis is also absent in this framework. Additional limitations arise from incorporating gender considerations, barrier criteria, territorial boundaries, and analytical tools like SWOT analysis. The final discussion suggests corrections and warns against similar weaknesses in other potential contexts.

RESUMEN Las transiciones energéticas justas son uno de los principales objetivos en las agendas políticas a nivel mundial, a medida que los gobiernos asumen la responsabilidad de liderar el proceso en presencia de bienes públicos globales y asimetrías sociales. Este trabajo sugiere estudiar el caso español, en el que el Gobierno nacional lidera a través de organismos específicos, leyes y herramientas específicas. La principal herramienta para llevar a cabo la intervención pública destinada a movilizar recursos locales y motivar inversiones es el Acuerdo de Transición Justa o CTJ. Sin embargo, los CTJ presentan limitaciones que este trabajo clasifica en tres categorías: concepto y diseño, diagnóstico y procesos participativos. Existe un énfasis predominante en cuantificar los empleos y las rentas del trabajo, lo que prioriza las consecuencias socioeconómicas sobre la devastación ambiental causada por las instalaciones abandonadas, descuida las pérdidas de empleo indirectas y evalúa con frecuencia los impactos tardíamente. El análisis de la calidad del empleo también está ausente en este marco. Se derivan limitaciones adicionales de la incorporación de consideraciones de género, criterios de barrera, límites territoriales y herramientas analíticas como el análisis DAFO. La discusión final sugiere correcciones y previene debilidades similares en otros contextos potenciales.

The Legal Amazon Region has numerous lignocellulosic biomasses with unknown technological properties, contrasting with an urgent demand for energy transition towards a more sustainable economy. This study analyzed the biomasses of baru husk (BH), cupuaçu husk (CH), and pequi seed (PS) through slow pyrolysis at 650 °C to assess the suitability of the bio-oils and biochars as potential biorefinery bioproducts. The physicochemical characterizations showed that all residues are potential candidates for bioproduct production, with CH biomass obtaining the best results for biochar production due to its high carbon content (80.65%) and surface area of 298.0491 m2 g-1, while BH and PS are more suitable for bio-oil production due to their high volatile matter content (> 84%). The main compounds in the bio-oil identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were phenolic (48.5, 56.7, and 60.36% for BH, CH, and PS, respectively) and furanic (22, 12.17, and 10.28% for BH, CH, and PS, respectively). Finally, it is concluded that based on the physicochemical and morphological characteristics obtained in this study, the pyrolysis products have potential for future investigation in various processes such as adsorption, carbon sequestration, and obtaining valuable chemical compounds, contributing to the promotion of the bioeconomy through sustainable waste management. properties economy , (BH) (CH) (PS 65 C biooils bio oils bioproducts 80.65% 8065 80 (80.65% 2980491 298 0491 298.049 m g1, g1 g 1, 1 g-1 biooil oil > ( 84%. 84 84% . 84%) chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS GC MS (GC-MS 48.5, 485 48 5 (48.5 567 56 7 56.7 6036 60 36 60.36 respectively 22, 22 (22 1217 12 17 12.17 1028 10 28 10.28 respectively. Finally adsorption sequestration management (BH (CH 6 80.65 806 8 (80.65 298049 29 049 298.04 g- 48.5 4 (48. 56. 603 3 60.3 2 (2 121 12.1 102 10.2 80.6 (80.6 29804 04 298.0 48. (48 60. 12. 10. 80. (80. 2980 0 298. (4 (80 (8

Jaboticaba peel powder (JPP) is a residue that contains phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and gallic acid. An adsorbent-bioactive complex (ABC) was synthesized using an extract rich in compounds with antioxidant properties obtained from JPP immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose from sweet sorghum bagasse. In this work, the result of thermal degradation of anthocyanins from JPP and ABC, activation energy (Ea), half-life time (t1/2), decimal reduction time (D), temperature variation (Z), thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and entropy (ΔS)) and degradation of antioxidant activities were investigated. Anthocyanin degradation of 35, 60 and 85% was observed for JPP and 10, 30 and 65% for ABC at temperatures of 90-130 °C. Ea of JPP and ABC were 110 and 91 kJ mol-1, respectively. ABC was able to increase from 143-690% the half-life time when compared to JPP. The Z parameter indicated that a greater temperature variation is necessary to degrade ABC anthocyanins (31 °C) when compared to JPP (25 °C). The thermodynamic parameters showed that the energy needed to be broken down to reach the transition state is higher for JPP than ABC, in addition ABC is closer to its thermodynamic equilibrium state. Thus, ABC can be used as an additive in pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industries, maintaining bioactive and antioxidant properties. (JPP acid adsorbentbioactive adsorbent (ABC bagasse work Ea, , (Ea) halflife half life t1/2, t12 t t1/2 t1 2 (t1/2) D, D (D) Z, (Z) enthalpy ΔH, ΔH (ΔH) ΔG (ΔG ΔS (ΔS) investigated 35 6 85 10 3 65 90130 90 130 90-13 C °C 11 9 mol1, mol1 mol 1, 1 mol-1 respectively 143690% 143690 143 690% 690 143-690 31 (3 25 (2 . Thus pharmaceutical industries (Ea t1/ (t1/2 (D (Z (ΔH (ΔS 8 9013 13 90-1 mol- 14369 14 69 143-69 ( (t1/ 901 90- 1436 143-6 (t1 143- (t

The 4th Industrial Revolution is well described as a digital revolution in which the integration between the physical, biological and digital fields can prompt unprecedented results in terms of research, innovation and products. Our brief discussion is built upon chemistry as a fundamental science in this context: it emerges with contributions for advanced digital technologies along with clean energy, sustainable processes and circular economy for the industry 4.0. Since the previous industrial revolutions brought uncertainty in the environment-chemistry binomial it is urgent achieving a systemic industrial innovation in order to promote a technological, energetic and social transition toward a sustainable future, especially in the alarming context of climate change. Despite the Brazilian chemical industry represents the largest in the Southern hemisphere it has few integrated chemical supply chains which represents a bottleneck toward advances in the manufacturing base. Within both academy and industry, the groundbreaking shift in the chemical sector can enable opportunities to chemists build a better future. At the same time, a paradigm shift is leading us to new methods, models and, consequently, disruption in the way of producing and sharing knowledge. Finally, some skills were proposed for chemists within the framework of the 4.0 era. th physical research products energy 40 4 0 environmentchemistry environment technological future change base time methods consequently knowledge Finally 4. era

Resumen. Objetivo. Describir los sistemas energéticos locales en tres municipios de Jalisco, Amacueca, San Cristóbal de la Barranca y Hostotipaquillo, con el fin de caracterizar la vulnerabilidad energética que padecen, así como los actores implicados y las estrategias de fortalecimiento comunitario que implementan. Metodología. Se realizaron diagnósticos colaborativos a partir del trabajo etnográfico y discusiones en red para una mejor comprensión del problema a partir de la realidad local. Resultados. Se caracteriza la cadena energética desde su contexto local, la descripción de los usuarios y destinatarios de los servicios, así como los usos locales y colectivos de la energía. Conclusiones. Los conceptos de pobreza y vulnerabilidad energética deben considerar las singularidades del mundo rural, donde las actividades domésticas y productivas muchas veces conviven, así como usuarios de tipo colectivo y público, como los municipios. La comprensión de esta cadena energética en profundidad permitirá generar estrategias hacia una transformación energética justa desde lo local.

Abstract. Objective. Describe the local energy systems in three municipalities of Jalisco to characterize the energy vulnerability condition, as well as the actors involved and the community strengthening strategies implemented. Methodology. Collaborative diagnoses and network discussions were carried out for a better understanding of the problem from the local reality. Results. The energy chain is characterized from local context, the description of the users and recipients of the services, as well as their familiar and collectives uses. Conclusions. The concepts of poverty and vulnerability must consider the singularities of the rural world, where domestic and productive activities often coexist, as well as collective and public users, such as municipalities. Understanding this energy chain in depth will allow generating strategies towards a fair energy transformation from the local level.

Abstract: The aesthetic integration of solar systems with multi-family buildings remains rare in Latin American countries. This article considers sixty-five projects by architecture students in Lima (Peru) to establish compositional criteria using typological classifications of the solar system layout on the roofs, volumetric composition, and their relationship with façades and lower spaces. The results show a wide range of variables that must be resolved. However, there are limitations to understanding this integration when dealing with the inclination of roofs as well as the coherence and geometric arrangement in irregular configurations. More emphasis is required on understanding the interior organisation and its implications for solar systems when designing multi-family houses. Previous research on the quantification of solar incidence has already been published; however, more research for further aesthetic assessments in medium-density multi-family dwellings could be carried out in the future.

Resumen: La integración estética de sistemas solares en multifamiliares es un desafío todavía inédito en países latinoamericanos. Sesenta y cinco proyectos desarrollados por estudiantes de arquitectura en Lima (Perú) fueron considerados para establecer criterios de composición mediante clasificación tipológica a nivel de disposición de los sistemas fotovoltaicos, composición volumétrica, relación con las fachadas y los espacios inferiores. Los resultados demuestran múltiples posibilidades. Sin embargo, existen limitaciones para entender esta integración cuando se trata de la inclinación de los techos, así como la coherencia y la disposición geométrica en las configuraciones irregulares obtenidas. Tratándose de multifamiliares y debiendo lidiar con aspectos técnicos, se requiere mayor énfasis en la comprensión de la organización interior y sus implicancias con los sistemas solares. Una investigación previa relacionada a la cuantificación de la incidencia solar ha sido ya publicada, sin embargo, investigaciones para mayores evaluaciones estéticas en multifamiliares de media densidad podrían realizarse a futuro.

There is widespread agreement that skills development is a vital dimension of the just energy transition (JET). Skills development for JET is rapidly emerging and involves complex inter-sectoral systems of skills development and new methods for demand analysis. Currently in South Africa, learning pathways into green jobs, enterprise development and more sustainable job options, including those required for JET at entry and technical levels, are unclear, ad hoc and fragmented. At best, we have fragmented offerings of courses and qualifications and few systemic approaches to skills analysis and development. There is also a narrow reliance on supply and demand discourses that are ill-fitting for the type of skills that need to be developed. Drawing on a group of regional and local studies focusing on skills supply and demand for JET, the paper analyses the responsiveness of skills systems, with specific focus on institutions and institutional arrangements that underpin skills planning and anticipation. The paper critiques the metaphor of 'supply' and 'demand', which, it argues, is the wrong lens, as it focuses attention on certain parts of the skills system dislocated from the broader conditions that they are imbedded in. We pose new methodological questions for engaged skills research that can enable a green and just future, and the systemic transformations that are needed to catalyse a low-carbon transition. SIGNIFICANCE: The research findings offer a critical reflection on the current approach to research focused on skills for the just energy transition. The review highlights the limitations of the dominant supply-demand approach of skills analysis, and we argue that it promotes a neoliberal, market-led discourse on skills that privileges industry and excludes the voices of communities and workers.

Abstract: This study examines the current composition of the energy matrix in Colombia, encompassing its legal framework, configuration, impacts, and future projections. This research, based on a systematic literature review, bibliometric analysis, and text mining, reveals that hydroelectric power is the primary source of clean energy. Fossil fuels, although essential for energy availability in the territory, generate the largest carbon footprint, representing a significant environmental challenge. Despite legal efforts and projections towards clean energy, limitations persist in infrastructure, technology, and social acceptance towards energy production projects. The transition to a sustainable energy system requires overcoming these technical, regulatory, and social barriers while integrating legal, environmental, social, and technological aspects into planning to meet the goals of the current matrix's energy transition, which presents a complex landscape that demands comprehensive strategies for a sustainable energy future.

Resumen: Este estudio analiza la composición actual de la matriz energética en Colombia, abarcando su marco legal, configuración, impactos y proyecciones futuras. La investigación, basada en una revisión sistemática de literatura, análisis bibliométrico y minería de texto, revela que las hidroeléctricas son la principal fuente de energía limpia. Los combustibles fósiles, si bien esenciales para la disponibilidad energética en el territorio, generan la mayor huella de carbono, lo que representa un desafío ambiental significativo. A pesar de los esfuerzos legales y las proyecciones hacia energías limpias, persisten limitaciones en infraestructura, tecnología y aceptación social hacia proyectos de producción energética. La transición hacia un sistema energético sostenible requiere superar estas barreras técnicas, regulatorias y sociales, integrando aspectos legales, ambientales, sociales y tecnológicos en la planificación para cumplir con los objetivos de la transición energética de la matriz actual, la cual presenta un panorama complejo que exige estrategias integrales para un futuro energético sostenible.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to carry out an exercise in articulating the approaches of social ecology, world systems analysis and the anthropological theory of energy. Our case study is the the energy transition policy that emerged in European Union as a result of the war in Ukraine, as well as the changing trends in energy relations and energy geopolitics that it has expressed, grouped into a program of the European Union called REPowerEU. The energy transition policies is a central component of sustainable development policy. We pretend to analyze the discourse of development from the energy relations perspective, to problematize how relations of dependence and hegemony are constructed. ecology Ukraine expressed REPowerEU perspective constructed

Resumo O objetivo do presente texto é realizar um exercício de articulação entre as abordagens da ecologia social, da análise dos sistemas mundiais e da teoria antropológica da energia. Tal exercício será realizado a partir de um estudo de caso, o da política de transição energética da União Europeia, adotada como resultado da guerra na Ucrânia, bem como as tendências de mudanças nas relações energéticas e geopolítica da energia que ela tem expressado, agrupadas num programa de desenvolvimento regional denominado REPowerEU. A transição energética é componente central da política do desenvolvimento sustentável e do próprio conceito de desenvolvimento do século XXI. Analisar o discurso do desenvolvimento, a partir das relações energéticas, para problematizar como são construídas as relações de dependência e hegemonia, é o exercício que nos propomos aqui. social caso Europeia Ucrânia expressado REPowerEU XXI hegemonia aqui

Die Internet van Dinge (loT) is 'n belangrike element van Industrie 4.0, wat innoverende tegnologiese bydraes tot die energie sektor gebring het. Industrie 4.0 stel organisasies in staat om oor te skakel na intelligente ondernemings deur die gebruik van IoT en tegnologieë wat vervaardigings- en produksieprosesse bevoordeel om doeltreffender te wees. Die doel van hierdie artikel is hoe die toepassing van IoT voordele in die energie sektor gehad het, te identifiseer. Hierdie artikel bied 'n literatuuroorsig op 'n tradisionele manier aan om die belangrikheid van die IoT en die toepassing daarvan in die energie sektor op die gebied van wind, sonkrag, hidro-elektriese, sowel as fossiel energie te identifiseer. Die ontleding van die literatuur toon dat daar studies is wat die voordeel van die IoT in die energie sektor aandui, met 48 dokumente wat erken word, waarvan 25 publikasies in 2022 was.

The Internet of Things is an important element of Industry 4.0, which has brought innovative technological contributions to the energy sector; Industry 4.0 allows organisations to transition to intelligent companies through the use of the Internet of Things and technologies that favour manufacturing and production processes to be more efficient. The aim of this paper is to identify how the application of the Internet of Things has had benefits in the energy sector. This paper presents a literature review in a traditional way, to identify the importance of the Internet of Things and its application in the energy sector in the field of wind, solar, hydroelectric, and fossil energy. The analysis of the literature shows that there are studies that indicate the benefit of the internet of Things in the energy sector, with 48 documents being recognised, of which 25 publications belong to the year 2022.

Resumen Las biorrefinerías son actores estratégicos en aspectos económicos, sociales y ambientales, que deben considerar las políticas de transición energética y los objetivos de una economía circular y sostenible. A pesar de su potencial para reducir gases de efecto invernadero, el impacto de la tecnología bioenergética en biorrefinerías vinculadas a la caña de azúcar debe evaluarse y abordarse para asegurar su crecimiento sostenible en el medio ambiente, la biodiversidad, los recursos hídricos y el uso de la tierra. Desde el punto de vista de captura de CO2, Colombia ha venido avanzando en las políticas para la implementación de la tecnología de captura, uso, y almacenamiento de carbono. El aprovechamiento de biogás a partir de la biomasa residual abre un abanico de oportunidades y desafíos para el país. Esta revisión contribuye a la implementación de tecnologías de bioenergía con captura de CO2 en biorrefinerías asociadas a la caña de azúcar y que podría ser útil para guiar a los profesionales en la toma de decisiones y las investigaciones futuras sobre biorrefinerías sostenibles.

Abstract Biorefineries are strategic actors in economic, social, and environmental aspects, which must consider energy transition policies and the objectives of a circular and sustainable economy. Despite its potential to reduce greenhouse gases, the impact of bioenergy technology in biorefineries linked to sugarcane must be evaluated and addressed to ensure its sustainable growth on the environment, biodiversity, water resources, and use from the earth. From the point of view of CO2 capture, Colombia has been advancing in policies for the implementation of carbon capture, use, and storage technology. The use of biogas from residual biomass opens a range of opportunities and challenges for the country. This review contributes to the implementation of bioenergy technologies with CO2 capture in biorefineries associated with sugarcane and could be useful to guide professionals in decision-making and future research on sustainable biorefineries.

Resumen La transición energética requiere minerales que cada vez son más difíciles de obtener en superficie, por lo que, el fondo del océano y en virtud de sus reservas de minerales, podría satisfacer la demanda proyectada y contribuir a alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable. Sin embargo, existen discursos contradictorios respecto al rol de la sustentabilidad en la minería en aguas profundas. Por un lado, se plantea que tendría menor impacto que la minería en superficie. Por otro lado, se argumenta sobre los impactos negativos en el océano y afectaciones en el bienestar humano y medios de vida de las comunidades locales. Así, el objetivo es problematizar en torno a la relación entre sustentabilidad y minería en aguas profundas, a partir de la aproximación de la frontera de recursos y en particular, cómo se producen estos espacios, las narrativas predominantes, y cuáles son las dinámicas que subyacen en este proceso. Utilizando herramientas del análisis bibliométrico y análisis de contenido cualitativo, se pudo dar cuenta de narrativas dominantes sobre economía circular, biodiversidad, gobernanza, y economía azul en la literatura. Dinámicas que subyacen a la creación de la frontera de recursos son la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de minerales, la necesidad de controlar los recursos, y posicionar al océano como una zona de desarrollo ilimitado, las que, configuran a la minería en aguas profundas como frontera emergente para la sustentabilidad.

Resumo A transição energética exige minerais cada vez mais difíceis de obter na superfície, para que o fundo do oceano e, em virtude de suas reservas minerais, possam atender à demanda projetada e contribuir para alcançar os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, há discursos contraditórios sobre o papel da sustentabilidade na mineração em alto mar. Por um lado, sugere-se que teria menos impacto do que a mineração de superfície. Por outro lado, argumenta sobre os impactos negativos no oceano e os efeitos no bem-estar humano e nos meios de subsistência das comunidades locais. Assim, o objetivo é problematizar a relação entre sustentabilidade e mineração em alto mar, a partir da abordagem da fronteira de recursos e, em particular, como esses espaços são produzidos, as narrativas predominantes e quais são as dinâmicas que subjazem a esse processo. Utilizando ferramentas de análise bibliométrica e análise qualitativa de conteúdo, foi possível dar conta das narrativas dominantes sobre economia circular, biodiversidade, governança e economia azul na literatura. As dinâmicas subjacentes à criação da fronteira de recursos são a busca de novas fontes de minerais, a necessidade de controlar os recursos e o posicionamento do oceano como uma zona de desenvolvimento ilimitado, que configuram a mineração em alto mar como uma fronteira emergente para a sustentabilidade.

Abstract The energy transition requires minerals that are increasingly difficult to obtain on the surface, so the ocean floor and by virtue of its mineral reserves, could meet projected demand and contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals. However, there are contradictory discourses regarding the role of sustainability in deep-sea mining. On the one hand, it is suggested that it would have less impact than surface mining. On the other hand, it argues about the negative impacts on the ocean and effects on human well-being and the livelihoods of local communities. Thus, the objective is to problematize the relationship between sustainability and deep-sea mining, based on the approach of the resource frontier and how these spaces are produced, the predominant narratives, and what are the dynamics that underlie this process. Using tools of bibliometric analysis and qualitative content analysis, it was possible to account for dominant narratives about circular economy, biodiversity, governance, and blue economy in the literature. Dynamics underlying the creation of the resource frontier are the search for new sources of minerals, the need to control resources, and positioning the ocean as a zone of unlimited development, which configure deep-sea mining as an emerging frontier for sustainability.

Resumen. En este artículo se analiza una trama de conflictos relacionados con el proceso de transición energética y el rol que debe cumplir el Estado en ello. Argumento que el presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador desarrolló, desde el inicio de su mandato, una política contenciosa gubernamental que “pone de revés” la teoría de la contienda política, para explicar el proceso por el cual el gobierno de la 4T configuró una dinámica contenciosa asociada a la construcción de una red de gasoductos resultado de la reforma energética de 2013. Utilizando las prácticas y repertorios de la contienda, propia de los movimientos sociales, el Gobierno federal logró escalar la dinámica de conflictos localizados a nivel estructural, para transformar las reglas institucionales y distributivas en torno a la construcción de gasoductos, que habían sido estructuradas a partir de la reforma energética de 2013, reconfigurando la relación Gobierno federal-empresarios-comunidades locales.

Abstract. This article analyzes a network of conflicts related to the energy transition process and the role that the State must play in it. I argue that the state behavior led by President Andrés Manuel López Obrador developed, from the beginning of his mandate, a contentious government policy, which “turns upside down” the theory of political contest to explain the process by which the government of the 4T configured a contentious dynamic associated with the construction of a network of gas pipelines resulting from the energy reform of 2013. Using the practices and repertoires of the dispute, typical of social movements, the Federal Government managed to escalate the dynamics of localized conflicts at the structural level to transform the institutional and distributive rules around the construction of gas pipelines, which had been structured from the 2013 energy reform, reconfiguring the relationship between the Federal Government-businessmen-local communities.

RESUMEN Este artículo reflexiona sobre la vanguardia en los referentes de construcción sostenible y su adaptación al Antropoceno a partir de la comparación entre la teoría y práctica reciente del diseño de vivienda sustentable y su interacción con conceptos de diseño regenerativo. Se tomaron como referencia tres proyectos multifamiliares recientemente premiados en el ámbito de la sustentabilidad: (1) Rehabilitación de Vivienda de Interés Social, de Lacatton y Vassal Arquitectos (Francia, 2017), ganador del Premio Pritzker 2021; (2) Presencia en Ormuz, Majara Residence por Zav Architects (Irán, 2020), ganador del Premio Vivienda Colectiva del Año 2021 de ArchDaily; y (3) Síntesis Arquitectura, de Ricardo Ricardson y equipo (Brasil, 2021), ganador del Concurso Nacional de Vivienda de Interés Sustentable 2021. Los resultados evidenciaron que estrategias de diseño pasivo para la reducción del consumo energético se muestran comparativamente más asimiladas dentro de la praxis de vanguardia sustentable actual que estrategias regenerativas para la sustitución de energías fósiles y el secuestro de los gases de efecto invernadero. Es posible, entonces, concluir que el tránsito de la sustentabilidad a la regeneración se encuentra aún en una fase incipiente, por lo que se requiere una mayor instrumentalización en acciones y ejemplos concretos que permitan su multiplicación e integración como parte de la normalidad.

ABSTRACT This article reflects on the state of the art of sustainable building references and their adaptation to the Anthropocene, by comparing recent theory and practice of sustainable housing design and its interaction with regenerative design concepts. Three recently awarded multifamily housing projects in the field of sustainability were used as references: (1) Social Housing Rehabilitation by Lacatton and Vassal Architects (France, 2017), winner of the 2021 Pritzker Prize; (2) Presence in Ormuz, Majara Residence by Zav Architects (Iran, 2020), winner of ArchDaily's 2021 Collective Housing of the Year Award; and (3) Síntesis Arquitectura by Ricardo Ricardson and team (Brazil, 2021), winner of the 2021 National Competition for Housing of Sustainable Interest. The results showed that passive design strategies for reducing energy consumption are comparatively more assimilated within the current sustainable vanguard practice than regenerative strategies for fossil energy substitution and greenhouse gas sequestration. It is therefore possible to conclude that the transition from sustainability to regeneration is still in its early stages, so that a greater instrumentalization is needed in concrete actions and examples that allow its multiplication and integration as part of normality.

Resumo Quais as orientações estratégicas da União Africana (UA) para a Economia Azul? Quais são as áreas-chave e respetivos planos de ação? Paralelamente, quais as dificuldades que podem prorrogar esta transição? O objetivo da presente investigação é o de analisar a Estratégia da UA para a Economia Azul, tendo como caso de estudo uma start-up guineense na área da aquacultura. Primeiramente, identificaremos o impacto socio-económico dos setores de Economia Azul em África, nomeadamente: (1) portos, (2) pesca, (3) aquacultura, (4) energia azul sustentável, (5) extração em profundidade, (6) petróleo e gás, e (7) carbono azul. De seguida, analisaremos as forças motrizes de transição para a Economia Azul, de acordo com a argumentação defendida pela UA, tais como a questão demográfica de África e o problema da oferta de energia (African Union - Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources, [AU-IBAR], 2020). Similarmente, identificaremos também os principais desafios económicos, logísticos e securitários.

Abstract What are the African Union’s (AU) strategic guidelines for the Blue Economy? What are the main sectors and their respective action plans? What dificulties could delay this transition? The objective of this research is to analyse the AU’s Blue Economy Strategy, using a Guinean aquaculture start-up as a case study. We will begin by identifying the socio-economic impacts of the Blue Economy sectors in Africa, such as 1) ports, (2) fishing, (3) aquaculture, (4) sustainable blue energy, (5) deep sea mining, (6) oil and gas, and (7) blue carbon. Next, we will analyse the driving forces behind the transistion to the Blue Economy, according to the argumentation defended by the AU, such as Africa’s demographic issue and the problema of energy supply (African Union - Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources, [AU-IBAR], 2020). Similarly, we will also identify the main challenges: economically, logistically, and in terms of security.