Resumen Este trabajo se centra en una construcción en español, censurada por los gramáticos, que combina la morfología de la pasiva perifrástica (ser + participio) con el multifuncional morfema reflexivo se y típicamente sirve para generalizar sobre procesos que afectan a clases de cosas o grupos de individuos (La energía incrementa cuando se es contenida). El interés por la formación de la construcción nos lleva a situar su origen en una estructura regular del idioma, conocida como “impersonal refleja con oración pasiva”, en la que se marca la indeterminación del sujeto paciente (cuando se es amado…). Desde este punto de vista, la “desviación” que manifiesta la construcción en estudio radica en la introducción de un sujeto explícito, con el efecto de que se borra el carácter impersonal del modelo original y se altera a la vez la función de se, que pasa a relacionarse con la llamada pasiva refleja del español. En la segunda parte de nuestra investigación, nos proponemos arrojar luz sobre la productividad de la construcción anómala, que desplegaron nuestras búsquedas en Google, apuntando al papel instrumental que juega el participio en propiciar cambios de perspectiva entre acciones pasivas y estados resultantes. Analizamos algunos ejemplos que ayudan a corroborar nuestra hipótesis, destacamos la expansión de la construcción a contextos no-genéricos y, finalmente, nos damos a la tarea de explicar cómo la pasiva anómala llega a utilizarse con verbos intransitivos inacusativos, según reflejan los datos recopilados para nuestro estudio.

Abstract The present work focuses on a construction in Spanish, censured by grammarians, which combines the morphology of the analytical or periphrastic passive (ser ‘be’ + participle) with the multifunctional reflexive morpheme se and typically serves to generalize over processes affecting classes of things or groups of individuals (La energía incrementa cuando se es contenida ‘Energy increases when (it is) contained’). Our interest in the genesis of the construction leads us to locate its source in a regular structure of the language, known as the “impersonal reflexive with a passive clause”, wherein se marks the unspecified identity of the patient subject (cuando se es amado…‘when one is loved...’). Viewed from this angle, the “deviant” feature of the construction in study thus resides in the introduction of an explicit subject, which has the effect of erasing the impersonal character of the source and of altering the function of se in ways that will impose a reference to the so-called reflexive passive of Spanish. In the second part of our research, we seek to account for the productivity of the anomalous construction, discovered through our perusal in Google, by calling attention to the instrumental role played by the participle in allowing shifts of perspective between passive actions and resulting states. We discuss some examples to corroborate our hypothesis, highlight the expansion of the construction to non-generic contexts and, as our final task, take on the challenge of having to explain how the anomalous passive comes to be used with intransitive unaccusative verbs, as evidenced in the data of our corpus.

Resumen Ecuador es un pequeño país andino ubicado en el hemisferio occidental de América del Sur. El país cuenta con 361.747 hm 3 anuales de recursos hídricos superficiales. Como resultado, Ecuador, en los últimos quince años (2005 a 2020), ha estado desarrollando proyectos hidroeléctricos para triplicar la producción en esta fuente renovable. Hubo ocho nuevas centrales hidroeléctricas construidas en Ecuador entre 2007 y 2015, en donde se invirtieron cerca de USD 6 mil millones en los proyectos, lo que incrementó la respuesta energética con renovables; por ejemplo, en 1985 el país produjo 4 TWh, en 2005 registró 7 TWh y hasta 2020, 24 TWh. Según la Corporación de Electricidad del Ecuador en 2020 informó que generó alrededor del 80% de toda la electricidad a través de hidroelectricidad. Así, el artículo tiene como objetivo analizar críticamente el desarrollo de la energía hidroeléctrica en Ecuador en los últimos años y establecer proyecciones energéticas generales al 2030 para ampliar los campos de conocimiento y perspectivas. La metodología del trabajo es cuantitativa, de acuerdo con fuentes editoriales científicas, artículos, documentos de investigación, y recolecta datos de agencias gubernamentales que regulan el desarrollo energético en Ecuador. Se concluye que, mediante un cálculo de proyecciones, Ecuador necesitará para el año 2030 alrededor de 43 TWh, 47 TWh o 52 TWh para abastecer la red energética, según los escenarios propuestos (bajo, medio, alto). Si bien la energía hidroeléctrica será fundamental para contribuir a este requerimiento, el país tiene una barrera porque la energía hidroeléctrica es muy sensible a factores externos de diversa índole, generando un futuro incierto directamente asociado a los efectos climáticos.

Abstract Ecuador is a small Andean country located in the western hemisphere of South America. The country has 361,747hm 3 annual superficial water resources; As a result, Ecuador, in the last fifteen years (2005 to 2020), has been rapidly developing hydropower projects to triple the production in this renewable source. There were eight new hydroelectric plants constructed in Ecuador among 2007 and 2015 invested close to USD 6 billion the projects. Increased the energy response with renewables; for example, in 1985, the country produced 4 TWh, in 2005-registered 7 TWh, and to 2020, 24 TWh. According to the Electricity Corporation of Ecuador in 2020 reported that generated around 80% of all electricity through hydropower; thus, the article aims to critically analyze the development of hydropower in Ecuador in recent years and establish general energy projections to 2030 to expand the fields of knowledge and perspectives. The paper methodology is quantitative, according to scientific editorial sources, articles, investigative documents, and collects data from government agencies that regulate energy development in Ecuador. It is conclusive between a projection’s calculation, Ecuador will need for the year 2030 around 43 TWh, 47 TWh, or 52 TWh to supply the energy grid, according to the scenarios proposed (low, medium, high). Although hydropower will be essential to contribute to this requirement, the country has a barrier because hydropower is very sensitive to external factors of diverse nature, generating an uncertainly future directly associated with climatic effects.

Resumen Publicada en 1979, Violence se desarrolla en la ciudad nigeriana de Benín, durante el boom petrolífero de la década de 1970. La narrativa se centra en dos matrimonios que representan ambos extremos del espectro social, cuyos caminos se cruzan mientras sortean diversos obstáculos. La novela de Iyayi constituye una crítica marxista de la violencia ejercida por la pobreza y la desigualdad extrema. Violence muestra cómo ciertos cuerpos humanos se cosifican y explotan de manera sistemática, a la vez que aquellos que no generan ganancias son descartados sin el menor rastro de humanidad. Desde la perspectiva de la ecocrítica urbana, este artículo examina instancias de cosificación corporal en la novela y, específicamente, de comoditización de energía y materia humanas entendidas como recursos naturales. El estudio propone que Iyayi no solo critica esta comoditización al presentarla como una consecuencia del proyecto capitalista, sino que también la cuestiona mediante actos de cuidado resistente que devuelven a los cuerpos cosificados su calidad de sujeto. Estos actos de cuidado constituyen una forma de refutar la separación artificial de Naturaleza y Sociedad, contenida en el dualismo de cuerpo y mente, que históricamente ha justificado la explotación y expropiación capitalista (neo)colonial. El presente artículo contribuye entonces tanto al campo de los estudios poscoloniales como a los de ecocrítica urbana y literaturas africanas, centrándose en una obra relativamente poco analizada y en problemáticas sumamente relevantes para la Nigeria contemporánea.

Abstract Published in 1979, Violence takes place in the Nigerian city of Benin, during the oil boom of the 1970s. The story follows two married couples, who represent both ends of the social spectrum, and whose paths cross as they overcome diverse obstacles. Iyayi’s novel constitutes a Marxist critique of the violence of poverty and extreme inequality. Violence shows how certain human bodies are systematically objectified and exploited, while those that do not generate profit are discarded without a trace of humanity. From the perspective of urban ecocriticism, this paper examines instances of bodily commodification in the novel and, specifically, of commodification of human energy and matter understood as natural resources. The study suggests that Iyayi not only critiques this commodification by presenting it as a consequence of the capitalist project, but also challenges it through acts of caring resistance which return objectified bodies their status as subjects. These acts of caring resistance constitute a way of rejecting the artificial separation of Humanity and Nature, contained in the dualism of mind and body, that has historically justified (neo)colonial capitalist exploitation and expropriation. The present paper thus contributes to the field of postcolonial studies, as well as urban ecocriticism and African literatures, focusing on a relatively ignored work and on issues that are still extremely relevant for contemporary Nigeria.

The process of photosynthesis involves the absorption of light energy by photosynthetic pigments found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts in order to produce chemical energy. In the presence of photosynthetic inhibitors, plant development is affected mainly by the reduction of the electron chain, which leads to growth inhibition. In this context, chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence is an important technique used to identify the effects of inhibitors on the photosynthetic apparatus employing the JIP-test, which correlates the Chl a fluorescence transient to biophysical parameters, providing valuable information about the efficiency of photosystems I and II. Natural products have been highlighted as photosynthesis inhibitors due to the continued use of synthetic herbicides, which leads to the development of invasive plants resistant to these pesticides, in addition to the toxicity caused to humans and the environment. Thus, this review describes the main applications of extracts and isolated secondary metabolites obtained from plants and microorganisms in the investigation of electron transport inhibition on photosystem II. chain context JIPtest, JIPtest JIP test, test JIP-test parameters II herbicides pesticides environment Thus

Abstract In many urban buildings, there is the presence of gas central storage, which contain pressurized tanks. One of the main risks in these places is an explosion, which may or may not is followed by fire. In general, the shock wave formed by this phenomenon is disastrous and can cause material damage and even fatalities. Recent research has contributed to understanding protective systems against this phenomenon; however, it is necessary to advance in developing protection devices for gas central storage. From this perspective, the implementation plan of these devices in order to mitigate the harmful effects of explosions are essential to raise the safety level in construction. Physical protection barriers are appropriate solutions for the protection of buildings, especially in places where it is impossible to bury gas reservoirs. In addition to the potential to reduce back pressure levels, protective walls, when properly designed, can also prevent the spread of debris from the explosion. Another kind of barrier that influences the propagation of the shock wave close to the ground is the ditches, whose function is related to the absorption and redirection of wave energy. Understanding the positioning, geometry, and overpressure attenuation potential of physical barriers are essential in developing safer and more reliable projects. This article aims to study protective barriers in buildings with pressurized gas tanks. The study was developed numerically using the Autodyn software. This program is a tool based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The protective capacity of the proposed types of protection regarding the mitigation of incident overpressures was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. storage tanks explosion fire general fatalities however perspective construction reservoirs levels walls designed ditches energy positioning geometry projects software CFD. CFD . (CFD) quantitatively (CFD

Resumo Em muitas edificações urbanas há a presença de centrais de gás, as quais contém tanques pressurizados. Nesses locais, um dos principais riscos existentes é a explosão, que pode ser seguida ou não de incêndio. Em geral, a onda de choque formada por este tipo de fenômeno é desastrosa e pode ocasionar diversos danos materiais e até mesmo fatalidades. Pesquisas recentes têm contribuído para o entendimento dos sistemas protetivos contra este fenômeno, entretanto, é necessário avançar no desenvolvimento de dispositivos de proteção quanto as centrais de gás. Nessa perspectiva, a implementação destes para mitigação dos efeitos danosos das explosões é imprescindível para elevar o patamar de segurança nas construções. As barreiras físicas de proteção são soluções apropriadas para proteção de edificações, principalmente em locais onde há a impossibilidade de enterrar os reservatórios de gás. Além do potencial em reduzir os níveis de sobrepressão na parte posterior, os muros de proteção, quando corretamente projetados, também são capazes de impedir a propagação dos detritos oriundos da explosão. Outro tipo de barreira que influencia na propagação da onda de choque próxima ao solo são as valetas, cuja função está relacionada à absorção e redirecionamento da energia da onda. A compreensão sobre o posicionamento, geometria e potencial de atenuação de sobrepressões das barreiras físicas é indispensável no desenvolvimento de projetos mais seguros e confiáveis. Este artigo objetiva o estudo de barreiras protetivas em edificações com tanques de gás pressurizados. O estudo foi desenvolvido numericamente por meio do software Autodyn. Este programa é uma ferramenta baseada na dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD). Avaliou-se qualitativamente e quantitativamente a capacidade protetiva dos tipos de proteção propostos quanto à mitigação das sobrepressões incidentes. pressurizados explosão incêndio geral fatalidades entretanto perspectiva construções posterior projetados valetas posicionamento confiáveis Autodyn CFD. CFD . (CFD) Avaliouse Avaliou se incidentes (CFD

Resumen: El artículo, en forma de ensayo, sistematiza una trayectoria profesional de experiencias interdisciplinarias y socialmente comprometidas en torno al análisis y la prevención de accidentes y desastres en los últimos 40 años. El trabajo académico se desarrolló principalmente en el ámbito de la investigación y postgrado en Salud Colectiva brasileña, impulsado por el movimiento sanitario y la construcción del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en su búsqueda por democracia, justicia social y sanitaria. La base empírica involucró acciones de vigilancia en salud y ambiental de los trabajadores, organizadas en redes protagonizadas por el SUS en conjunto con universidades, sindicatos, movimientos sociales, organizaciones no gubernamentales ambientalistas y Ministerios Públicos. Los acontecimientos de mayor complejidad socioambiental en sectores como la siderurgia, el petroquímico, la minería, el agronegocio y la energía han llevado a la búsqueda de nuevas referencias epistémicas e interdisciplinarias que abarcaron dos nuevas formas de justicia, la ambiental y la cognitiva. El artículo sistematiza esa trayectoria de contribuciones conceptuales en tres movimientos a partir de la década de 1980 hasta los días actuales, cada cual, correspondiendo a un contexto sociopolítico e institucional, para pensar movimientos de transición paradigmática en el análisis y prevención de accidentes y desastres desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria. Se finaliza con la sugerencia de prevención abisal y una prevención emancipadora para enfrentar diferentes crisis de la actualidad, como la ambiental, la sanitaria, la democrática y la de civilización. Resumen ensayo 4 años brasileña (SUS democracia sanitaria trabajadores universidades sindicatos sociales Públicos siderurgia petroquímico minería cognitiva 198 actuales cual institucional interdisciplinaria actualidad civilización 19 1

Abstract: The article, in the form of an essay, systematizes a 40-year-long professional trajectory of interdisciplinary and socially engaged experiences around the analysis and prevention of accidents and disasters. This study was mainly developed within the scope of research and postgraduate studies in Public Health in Brazil, driven by the sanitarian movement and the construction of Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in its search for democracy and social and health justices. Its empirical basis involved workers’ health and environmental surveillance actions organized in networks led by SUS in conjunction with universities, unions, social movements, environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGO), and Public Prosecutors’ Offices. Events of greater socio-environmental complexity in sectors such as steel, petrochemicals, mining, agribusiness, and energy forged the search for new epistemic and interdisciplinary references that encompassed two new justices, i.e., environmental and cognitive. This essay systematizes this trajectory of conceptual contributions in three movements from the 1980s to the present day (each corresponding to a socio-political and institutional context) to reflect on paradigmatic transition movements in the analysis and prevention of accidents and disasters from an interdisciplinary perspective. It ends by suggesting abyssal and emancipatory prevention to face different current crises, including environmental, health, democratic, and civilizing ones. Abstract article 40yearlong yearlong 40 year long Brazil (SUS justices workers universities unions NGO, NGO , (NGO) Prosecutors Offices socioenvironmental socio steel petrochemicals mining agribusiness ie i e i.e. cognitive s each sociopolitical political context perspective crises democratic ones 4 (NGO i.e

Resumo: O artigo, na forma de ensaio, sistematiza uma trajetória profissional de experiências interdisciplinares e socialmente engajadas em torno da análise e prevenção de acidentes e desastres nos últimos 40 anos. O trabalho acadêmico se desenvolveu principalmente no âmbito da pesquisa e pós-graduação na saúde pública brasileira impulsionado pelo movimento sanitarista e a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em sua busca por democracia, justiça social e sanitária. A base empírica envolveu ações de vigilância em saúde dos trabalhadores e ambiental organizadas em redes protagonizadas pelo SUS em conjunto com universidades, sindicatos, movimentos sociais, organizações não governamentais (ONG) ambientalistas e Ministérios Públicos. Eventos de maior complexidade socioambiental em setores como siderurgia, petroquímico, mineração, agronegócio e energia forjaram a busca por novos referenciais epistêmicos e interdisciplinares que abarcam duas novas justiças: a ambiental e a cognitiva. Este artigo apresenta essa trajetória de contribuições conceituais em três movimentos a partir da década de 1980 até os dias atuais, cada qual correspondendo a um contexto sociopolítico e institucional, para pensar movimentos de transição paradigmática na análise e prevenção de acidentes e desastres numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Finaliza-se com a sugestão de prevenção abissal e emancipatória para enfrentar diferentes crises da atualidade, como a ambiental, a sanitária, a democrática e a civilizatória. Resumo ensaio 4 anos pósgraduação pós graduação (SUS democracia sanitária universidades sindicatos sociais ONG (ONG Públicos siderurgia petroquímico mineração justiças cognitiva 198 atuais institucional interdisciplinar Finalizase Finaliza atualidade civilizatória 19 1

Resumen: El artículo, en forma de ensayo, sistematiza una trayectoria profesional de experiencias interdisciplinarias y socialmente comprometidas en torno al análisis y la prevención de accidentes y desastres en los últimos 40 años. El trabajo académico se desarrolló principalmente en el ámbito de la investigación y postgrado en Salud Colectiva brasileña, impulsado por el movimiento sanitario y la construcción del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) en su búsqueda por democracia, justicia social y sanitaria. La base empírica involucró acciones de vigilancia en salud y ambiental de los trabajadores, organizadas en redes protagonizadas por el SUS en conjunto con universidades, sindicatos, movimientos sociales, organizaciones no gubernamentales ambientalistas y Ministerios Públicos. Los acontecimientos de mayor complejidad socioambiental en sectores como la siderurgia, el petroquímico, la minería, el agronegocio y la energía han llevado a la búsqueda de nuevas referencias epistémicas e interdisciplinarias que abarcaron dos nuevas formas de justicia, la ambiental y la cognitiva. El artículo sistematiza esa trayectoria de contribuciones conceptuales en tres movimientos a partir de la década de 1980 hasta los días actuales, cada cual, correspondiendo a un contexto sociopolítico e institucional, para pensar movimientos de transición paradigmática en el análisis y prevención de accidentes y desastres desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria. Se finaliza con la sugerencia de prevención abisal y una prevención emancipadora para enfrentar diferentes crisis de la actualidad, como la ambiental, la sanitaria, la democrática y la de civilización.

Resumo: O artigo, na forma de ensaio, sistematiza uma trajetória profissional de experiências interdisciplinares e socialmente engajadas em torno da análise e prevenção de acidentes e desastres nos últimos 40 anos. O trabalho acadêmico se desenvolveu principalmente no âmbito da pesquisa e pós-graduação na saúde pública brasileira impulsionado pelo movimento sanitarista e a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em sua busca por democracia, justiça social e sanitária. A base empírica envolveu ações de vigilância em saúde dos trabalhadores e ambiental organizadas em redes protagonizadas pelo SUS em conjunto com universidades, sindicatos, movimentos sociais, organizações não governamentais (ONG) ambientalistas e Ministérios Públicos. Eventos de maior complexidade socioambiental em setores como siderurgia, petroquímico, mineração, agronegócio e energia forjaram a busca por novos referenciais epistêmicos e interdisciplinares que abarcam duas novas justiças: a ambiental e a cognitiva. Este artigo apresenta essa trajetória de contribuições conceituais em três movimentos a partir da década de 1980 até os dias atuais, cada qual correspondendo a um contexto sociopolítico e institucional, para pensar movimentos de transição paradigmática na análise e prevenção de acidentes e desastres numa perspectiva interdisciplinar. Finaliza-se com a sugestão de prevenção abissal e emancipatória para enfrentar diferentes crises da atualidade, como a ambiental, a sanitária, a democrática e a civilizatória.

Abstract: The article, in the form of an essay, systematizes a 40-year-long professional trajectory of interdisciplinary and socially engaged experiences around the analysis and prevention of accidents and disasters. This study was mainly developed within the scope of research and postgraduate studies in Public Health in Brazil, driven by the sanitarian movement and the construction of Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) in its search for democracy and social and health justices. Its empirical basis involved workers’ health and environmental surveillance actions organized in networks led by SUS in conjunction with universities, unions, social movements, environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGO), and Public Prosecutors’ Offices. Events of greater socio-environmental complexity in sectors such as steel, petrochemicals, mining, agribusiness, and energy forged the search for new epistemic and interdisciplinary references that encompassed two new justices, i.e., environmental and cognitive. This essay systematizes this trajectory of conceptual contributions in three movements from the 1980s to the present day (each corresponding to a socio-political and institutional context) to reflect on paradigmatic transition movements in the analysis and prevention of accidents and disasters from an interdisciplinary perspective. It ends by suggesting abyssal and emancipatory prevention to face different current crises, including environmental, health, democratic, and civilizing ones.

Nanofibers play a crucial role in energy storage and conversion, catalysis, and environmental remediation applications. These nanomaterials, characterized by their high surface-to-volume ratio and porous structure, exhibit exceptional properties that render them ideal for various energy applications such as in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, catalysis, and hydrogen production. This discussion outlines the historical context of electrospinning (ES), acknowledging its limitations in terms of commercial viability. Introducing the supersonic solution blowing (SSB) technique as a promising alternative, its energy-efficient process holds potential for commercial feasibility. The ES has remarkable advantages in nanofiber fabrication but faces limitations due to high operating costs. Solution blow spinning (SBS) offers speed and versatility; however, fibers have a broad distribution of diameters. SSB therefore overcomes some of the limitations of both ES and SBS techniques to produce defect-free nanofibers with smaller diameters at higher throughput rates. In this concise perspective paper, we emphasize the primary contributions of nanofibers to the development and optimization of materials used in energy applications. Drawing parallels with the prevalent ES and SBS techniques in the literature, we conclude with a discussion on the potential benefits that may arise as researchers increasingly explore this emerging and more efficient technique. conversion catalysis nanomaterials surfacetovolume surface volume structure cells lithiumion lithium ion batteries supercapacitors production ES, , (ES) viability (SSB alternative energyefficient feasibility costs (SBS versatility however defectfree defect free rates paper literature (ES

Abstract Objective: To analyze how Collaborative Governance [GC] manifests itself in the implementation and maintenance of wind farms, from the community’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative research, with the object of the research being the “local communities” in the cities of Icaraí de Amontada, Trairi and São Gonçalo do Amarante, located in the state of Ceará, in wind energy enterprises”. To analyze and interpret the in-depth interviews, the Content Analysis [AC] was chosen, with Atlas TI as a support tool. Results: The results demonstrate that energy distribution needs to be seen as a collective good and the relationship between the company and the community should be based on GC, where public and private agents work collectively and collaboratively, in addition to the need for a social license to operate [LSO] for projects that have an impact on community life as a result of such governance. In the initial conditions of the collaborative process, there was a sense of trust at the beginning of the establishment of the wind farms that was not sustained during maintenance. It also shows the importance of a face-to-face communication, since the community’s most important resource and source of income is at stake: the land. Originality/value: This research is notable for its contribution and originality in exploring the theoretical constructs of Collaborative Governance and its practice in the construction of company-community relationships in wind farms from the community’s perspective. Objective GC [GC communitys s perspective Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach local communities Amontada Amarante Ceará enterprises. enterprises . enterprises” indepth depth interviews AC [AC chosen tool Results collaboratively LSO [LSO governance process facetoface face communication stake land Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value companycommunity

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar como a Governança Colaborativa [GC] se manifesta na implantação e manutenção de parques eólicos, sob o olhar da comunidade. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, sendo o objeto de pesquisa as “comunidades locais” das cidades de Icaraí de Amontada, Trairi, São Gonçalo do Amarante, no Ceará, em empreendimentos de energia eólica”. Para a análise e interpretação das entrevistas em profundidade, optou-se pela Análise de Conteúdo com suporte do Atlas ti. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam que a distribuição de energia precisa ser vista como um bem coletivo e o relacionamento entre empresa e comunidade deve ser fundamentado na GC, onde os atores públicos e privados trabalhem de maneira coletiva e colaborativa, além da necessidade de haver a Licença Social para Operar [LSO] de empreendimentos que impactam a vida em comunidade sendo fruto dessa governança. Constata-se que o fórum para discussão do processo de colaboração entre empresas proprietárias de parques eólicos e comunidade normalmente era iniciado pela prefeitura. Nas condições iniciais do processo colaborativo percebe-se uma confiança no início da implantação dos parques eólicos que não se mantém na manutenção. Evidencia-se ainda, a relevância da comunicação dialogada face a face, por estar em jogo o recurso mais importante da comunidade e fonte geradora de renda: a terra. Originalidade/valor: Esta pesquisa se destaca pela contribuição e ineditismo em explorar os construtos teóricos acerca da Governança Colaborativa e sua prática na construção de relacionamentos entre empresa e comunidade em parques eólicos sob o olhar da comunidade. Objetivo GC [GC Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia abordagem qualitativa comunidades locais Amontada Trairi Amarante Ceará eólica. eólica . eólica” profundidade optouse optou ti Resultados colaborativa LSO [LSO governança Constatase Constata prefeitura percebese percebe Evidenciase Evidencia ainda renda terra Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor

Abstract Concern over climate change currently occupies a central role, with the staging of world environmental events to discuss the effects of excessive fossil fuel use and their negative impacts on the environment. The Paris Agreement was signed within this perspective, in which Brazil adopted targets for the reconfiguration of its energy matrix and subsequently created the Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (RenovaBio - National Biofuels Policy), through Law no. 13.576/2017, to reach these targets. As another public policy aimed at encouraging agribusiness, being derived from a strong history of the sugar-energy sector depending on state measures to sustain it, it is important to reflect beyond the formal content of the public policy and observe the interests it seeks to defend. Furthermore, by creating an expansion mechanism for the cultivation of sugarcane, RenovaBio brings territorial and environmental impacts. Thus, the present article aims to analyze the formulation stage of the public policy, to verify the economic and political context that supported the approval of, and subsequent alterations to RenovaBio. Methodologically, the analysis was carried out on three levels: Superficial; Territorial Coverage; and Structural. It was found that there was the formation of a network of actors involved in the process, which demonstrates the existence of power relationships, at times translated through subordination, resource dependence, or political support. These actors were involved in the construction of the text of the Law to favor the group, the approval of the bill in record time, its directed regulation, the relaxation of requirements, and the fixing of high Decarbonization Credit acquisition targets. RenovaBio is extremely promising; however, there are loopholes that need to be resolved and a series of political interferences that hinder the development, transparency, and credibility of the program. role environment perspective Policy, Policy , Policy) no 135762017 13 576 2017 13.576/2017 agribusiness sugarenergy sugar defend Furthermore sugarcane Thus Methodologically levels Superficial Coverage Structural process relationships subordination dependence support group time regulation requirements promising however development transparency program 13576201 1 57 201 13.576/201 1357620 5 20 13.576/20 135762 2 13.576/2 13576 13.576/ 1357 13.576 135 13.57 13.5 13.

Resumo A preocupação com as mudanças climáticas tem ocupado um papel central na atualidade, com a realização de eventos ambientais mundiais para discussão dos efeitos do uso excessivo de combustíveis fósseis e seus impactos negativos ao ambiente. Nessa perspectiva ocorreu a celebração do Acordo de Paris em que o Brasil assumiu metas de reconfiguração de sua matriz energética e, para alcançar o cumprimento de tais metas, foi criada a Política Nacional de Biocombustíveis (RenovaBio), pela Lei nº 13.576/2017. Por ser mais uma política pública voltada para o incentivo do agronegócio, derivada de um forte histórico de dependência do setor sucroenergético de medidas do Estado para se sustentar, é importante refletir para além do conteúdo formal da política pública, observando quais interesses ela busca defender. Além disso, por criar um mecanismo expansor do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, o RenovaBio traz rebatimentos territoriais e ambientais. Desta forma, o presente artigo objetiva realizar uma análise de política pública, em sua etapa de formulação, verificando o contexto econômico e político que embasou a aprovação e posteriores alterações no RenovaBio. Metodologicamente, a análise ocorreu em três níveis: Superficial; Abrangência territorial; e Estrutural. Verificou-se a formação de uma rede de atores envolvidos no processo, que demonstra a existência de relações de poder, algumas vezes traduzidas por subordinação, dependência de recursos ou de apoio político. Esses atores agiram para a construção do texto da lei que favorecesse à classe, aprovação do projeto de lei em tempo recorde, regulamentação direcionada, flexibilização de requisitos e fixação de altas metas de aquisição de créditos de descarbonização. O RenovaBio é muito promissor, mas ainda há lacunas a serem sanadas e uma série de interferências políticas que prejudica o desenvolvimento, transparência e credibilidade do programa. atualidade ambiente RenovaBio, , (RenovaBio) 135762017 13 576 2017 13.576/2017 agronegócio sustentar defender disso canadeaçúcar, canadeaçúcar cana açúcar, açúcar cana-de-açúcar forma formulação Metodologicamente níveis Superficial territorial Estrutural Verificouse Verificou processo poder subordinação classe recorde direcionada descarbonização promissor desenvolvimento programa (RenovaBio 13576201 1 57 201 13.576/201 1357620 5 20 13.576/20 135762 2 13.576/2 13576 13.576/ 1357 13.576 135 13.57 13.5 13.

Electricity usage has risen tremendously over the years, as has its price. This resulted in an increase in the quest for less expensive, viable, and ecologically acceptable means of producing energy for electricity. Currently, the primary source of power in South Africa is sourced from fossil fuels, which have negative environmental consequences. The use of biogas as an alternative can mitigate the impacts of using fossil fuels to generate power. This study has examined the availability and accessibility of waste that may be utilized to generate biogas using common South African livestock excrement. A typical South African home uses 31 kWh of power daily, which equates to 111.6 MJ of energy. According to calculations, about 30 m³ of biogas is needed to produce enough energy to power a household. For the generation of mono-digestion biogas, 12 beef cows, 8 dairy cows, 3898 chickens, 156 pigs, 281 sheep and 300 goats would be needed to meet this need. Moreover, the livestock dung required to meet the daily requirement of 31 kWh is 713 kg for beef and dairy cows, 390 kg for chickens, 468 kg for pigs, 506 kg for sheep and 466 kg for goats. Co-digestion of various wastes is nonetheless a viable and advised method for enhancing the amount and quality of biogas.

Electricity usage has risen tremendously over the years, as has its price. This resulted in an increase in the quest for less expensive, viable, and ecologically acceptable means of producing energy for electricity. Currently, the primary source of power in South Africa is sourced from fossil fuels, which have negative environmental consequences. The use of biogas as an alternative can mitigate the impacts of using fossil fuels to generate power. This study has examined the availability and accessibility of waste that may be utilized to generate biogas using common South African livestock excrement. A typical South African home uses 31 kWh of power daily, which equates to 111.6 MJ of energy. According to calculations, about 30 m³ of biogas is needed to produce enough energy to power a household. For the generation of mono-digestion biogas, 12 beef cows, 8 dairy cows, 3898 chickens, 156 pigs, 281 sheep and 300 goats would be needed to meet this need. Moreover, the livestock dung required to meet the daily requirement of 31 kWh is 713 kg for beef and dairy cows, 390 kg for chickens, 468 kg for pigs, 506 kg for sheep and 466 kg for goats. Co-digestion of various wastes is nonetheless a viable and advised method for enhancing the amount and quality of biogas.

In this study, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and exposure index (EI) of access points (APs) and user equipment (UEs) in fourth-generation (4G) and fifth-generation (5G) wireless technologies are examined with regard to the effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) radiation and the implications of their reduction. We characterize the EI using a classical mathematical method while considering the power density, the SAR, the electric field strength, and the tissue's density and conductivity. As such, a novel exposure-index open-loop power control algorithm is proposed to evaluate the realistic RF-EMF radiation exposure on human users from both the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) communication devices. To solve an EI minimization problem using the open-loop power control algorithm, we formulate it in the form of a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. As the energy capacity (i.e., power density) in wireless networks determines the radiation exposure (SAR and EI), it minimizes the EI by controlling and managing the transmitted and received powers under the restrictions of Quality of Service (QoS), interference, and power, while ensuring the users' QoS requirements are met. Our proposed scheme is numerically compared to other heuristic algorithms and exposure limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and other similar organizations. Lastly, we compare the emissions from 4G and 5G networks to the emissions from UL and DL transmissions. Our simulation findings indicate that our proposed technique is a good alternative. Our assessment, in terms of numerical results and evaluation, also verifies that the exposures are bearable, fall within the recommended limits, and are minimized without impairing the users' QoS.

This proposal brings the perspective of popular participation rights in decisions on the use of the waters of the Mamoré River, aiming at its governance and water security in the face of the social and environmental risks of the binational hydroelectric project, between Brazil and Bolivia, under study. The aim is to: 1) Verify the right to use international rivers and certain decisions on conflicts over the use of transboundary waters; 2) Evaluate environmental democracy in water governance in Pan-Amazonian rivers; and 3) Analyze how the Escazú Agreement can contribute to guaranteeing environmental democracy in decisions on the use of waters from the international Mamoré River in relation to the binational hydroelectric development project planned in the Madeira Complex. To achieve reconciliation between development and the environment in the Pan-Amazon, it is necessary to limit the global forces of exploitation of existing environmental assets, including the use of water resources to generate electrical energy.

A presente proposta traz a perspectiva dos direitos de participação popular nas decisões de uso das águas do rio Mamoré, visando sua governança e segurança hídrica frente aos riscos sociais e ambientais do projeto da hidrelétrica binacional, entre Brasil e Bolívia, em estudo. Pretende-se: 1) Verificar o direito dos usos dos rios internacionais e certas decisões sobre conflitos de uso de águas transfronteiriças; 2) Avaliar a democracia ambiental na governança de águas de rios da Pan-Amazônia; e 3) Analisar como o Acordo de Escazú pode contribuir para garantir a democracia ambiental nas decisões de uso das águas do rio internacional Mamoré frente ao projeto de desenvolvimento de hidrelétrica binacional planejado no Complexo do Madeira. Para ser alcançada a conciliação entre desenvolvimento e meio ambiente na Pan-Amazônia é necessário serem limitadas as forças globais de exploração dos bens ambientais existentes, entre os quais o uso dos recursos hídricos para geração de energia elétrica.

Abstract Background: despite multimillion-dollar investments in sports facilities, there is little information on their contribution to energy expenditure of the population. In this study, participation in 71 physical activities (PAs) and 31 different types of spaces was examined. Objectives: to evaluate which types of spaces are more effective from a public health perspective. Methods: a cross-sectional sample was designed, stratified and proportional to the adult population of Gran Canaria (n = 3,000, ≥ 18 years). PA was evaluated using a validated questionnaire. The spaces used were grouped into two categories: public open spaces and sport facilities. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results: the open public spaces accumulated a volume of hours for PA between 1.6 and 28.4 times higher than the sport facilities depending on the socio-demographic group analyzed. The indoor sport facilities were the ones that expressed the greatest associative strength with the achievement of PA recommendations (OR = 5.45, 95 % CI: 4.01; 7.40). Conclusion: a dilemma was posed from a public health perspective because the urban open public spaces reached more population and supported most of the population's energy expenditure, particularly in the groups with the highest health risk, but the indoor sport facilities were the ones that best contributed to achieving a healthy level of physical activity. This study suggests changes in the polices of construction and management of sport facilities and open public spaces to increase PA in groups at higher health risk.

Resumen Introducción: pese a las inversiones multimillonarias en instalaciones para la actividad física-deportiva, hay poca información acerca de su contribución en el gasto energético poblacional. En este estudio examinamos la participación en 71 actividades físicas (AF) y 31 tipos de espacios diferentes. Objetivo: valorar qué tipos de espacios son más eficaces desde una perspectiva de salud pública y equidad. Método: muestra transversal aleatoria, estratificada y proporcional en género y edad a la población de adultos de Gran Canaria (n = 3000, ≥ 18 años). La AF fue evaluada mediante cuestionario validado. Los espacios de AF fueron agrupados en dos categorías: espacios públicos abiertos (EPA) e instalaciones deportivas. Para analizar los datos se emplearon estadística descriptiva y regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: los EPA acumularon un volumen de horas de AF entre 1,6 y 28,4 veces mayor que las instalaciones deportivas dependiendo del grupo sociodemográfico analizado. Las instalaciones deportivas cubiertas fueron las que expresaron la mayor fuerza asociativa con el logro de las recomendaciones de AF (OR = 5,45, IC 95 %: 4,01; 7,40). Conclusiones: se planteó un dilema desde una perspectiva de salud porque los EPA urbanos llegaron a más población y dieron soporte a la mayor parte del gasto energético poblacional, particularmente, en los grupos de mayor riesgo de salud, pero las instalaciones deportivas cubiertas fueron las que mejor contribuyeron a lograr un nivel saludable de actividad física. Este estudio sugiere cambios en las políticas de construcción y gestión de instalaciones deportivas y EPA para aumentar la AF en los grupos de mayor riesgo de salud.