ABSTRACT Introduction: Although the cause of childhood obesity is multifactorial, it is known that breastfeeding (BF) could be a protective element. Objective: To determine the association of obesity in children with the duration of BF, parental educational levels and types of employment and family formation in a group of children from Encarnación, Paraguay. Methodology: This was a longitudinal, retrospective and descriptive study with an analytical component carried out in 200 children of both sexes. Nutritional status was evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 years, duration of BF. Families were grouped according to parental education levels and types of employment (Group A: up to 6th grade of Elementary Education [EE] and informal economy work; Group B: up to 12th grade of EE and public/commercial employment; Group C: tertiary education and managerial employment positions or business ownership. A value of p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: 50% (n=100) were men, 96.5% (n=193) from urban areas, 70% (n=140) came from nuclear families, 73% (n=146) were families from group B. BF duration was ≤4 months 5.5% (n=11), up to 6 months 9% (n=18), 7 to 11 months 20.5% (n=41), continued BF (≥1 year) 63 .5%(n=127). 14.5%, 18% and 18.5% were obese at 2, 4 and 6 years respectively. There was greater obesity at 4 years with BF <6 months (42.9% vs 16.1% Chi2 p=0.02), but not at 2 or 6 years. No significant association of obesity with parental employment or educational level or with the presence of a partner (Chi2 p≥0.05). Conclusion: Breastfeeding duration of less than 6 months is associated with a higher frequency of obesity at 4 years of age.

RESUMEN Introducción: Aunque la causa de la obesidad infantil es multifactorial, se sabe que la lactancia materna (LM) podría ser un elemento protector. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de obesidad en los niños con la duración de la LM, escolaridad y tipo de empleo de padres y conformación familiar en un grupo de niños de Encarnación-Paraguay. Metodología: estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo y descriptivo con componente analítico realizado con 200 niños de ambos sexos. Se evaluó estado nutricional a los 2, 4 y 6 años, duración de LM, agrupación familiar según nivel de escolaridad y tipo de empleo (Grupo A: hasta 6° grado de la Educación Escolar Básica (EEB) y trabajo informa; 2)Grupo B: hasta 3° de EEB y empleados públicos/comerciales; 3)Grupo C: educación terciaria y cargos jerárquicos o dueños de corporaciones.Se consideró valor de p<0,05 como significativo. Resultados: 50%(n=100) fueron varones, 96,5%(n=193) del área urbana, 70%(n=140) con familia nuclear, 73%(n=146) fueron familias del grupo B. Tuvo LM ≤4 meses el 5,5%(n=11), hasta 6 meses 9%(n=18), 7 a 11 meses el 20,5%(n=41), LM continuada (≥1 año) el 63,5%(n=127). Presentaron obesidad el 14,5%, 18% y 18,5% a los 2, 4 y 6 años respectivamente. Hubo mayor obesidad a los 4 años con LM <6 meses (42,9% vs 16,1% Chi2 p=0,02), no así a los 2 o 6 años. Sin asociación significativa de obesidad con tipo de empleo y escolaridad de los padres o con presencia de pareja (Chi2 p≥0,05). Conclusión: La duración de lactancia materna menor a 6 meses se asocia con mayor frecuencia de obesidad a los 4 años.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Even if the term Resilience is reasonably mentioned, not all will have reflected in its concept and the eventual interaction with several parameters involved in Occupational Health. This review intends to summarize very succinctly what is published on this topic, in order to deliverie professionals in Occupational Health and Safety teams with knowledge and strategies that will lead them to perform better. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content The concept of Resilience can be described as a dynamic process that aims at positive adaptation, in the face of adverse and stressful experiences, which could lead to negative consequences; in other words, it is the emotional flexibility to solve problems and improve adaptation in the face of adversity. It can also be seen as the human capacity to face, overcome and be strengthened by adverse events or the avoidance of negative results due to the resolution of situations far beyond what would be expected. Or as the ability to adapt to unforeseen situations, enhancing the acceptance of undesirable and stressful conditions, which could explain why some individuals deal better with stress. It can be individual or collective. In the latter situation, it can also be defined as the ability of a group, to overcome adversity and transform itself into something more adapted to the circumstances. The institution's Resilience can be defined as the organization's intrinsic ability to adjust to events/changes/disruptions and/or opportunities. The system will show Resilience if it allows individuals to deal with complex situations. Discussion and Conclusions Although Resilience is based on innate characteristics, it can be partially trained/acquired, individually and/or institutionally. The more intense and well-structured this is, the better the employee's and the company's ability to overcome adversity. If the Occupational Health and Safety team has these notions in mind and knows how to develop them, their performance will be enhanced. It would be pertinent to understand the average level of Resilience among Portuguese workers overall and according to specific characteristics (gender, age, profession, employment relationship, qualifications and marital status, for example) and what is the best way to potenciate it.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ainda que o termo Resiliência seja razoavelmente mencionado, nem todos terão refletido no seu conceito e eventual interação com diversos parâmetros envolvidos da Saúde Ocupacional. Esta revisão pretende resumir de forma muita sucinta o que está publicado sobre este tema, de modo a capacitar os profissionais das equipas de Saúde e Segurança Laborais com conhecimentos e estratégias que os levarão a ter melhor desempenho. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O conceito de Resiliência poderá ser descrito como um processo dinâmico que se dirige à adaptação positiva, face a experiências adversas e stressantes, que poderão levar a consequências negativas; ou seja, é a flexibilidade emocional para resolver problemas e melhorar a adaptação perante a adversidade. Também poderá ser visto como a capacidade humana para enfrentar, vencer e ficar fortalecido com eventos adversos ou ser a evicção de resultados negativos em virtude da resolução de situações muito para além do que seria expetável. Ou então como a capacidade de adaptação a situações imprevistas, potenciando a aceitação de condições indesejáveis e stressantes, o que poderá explicar o porquê de alguns indivíduos lidarem melhor com o stress. Pode ser individual ou coletiva. Nesta última situação, também pode ser definida como a habilidade de outro grupo, em superar a adversidade e se transformar em algo mais adaptado às circunstâncias. Resiliência da instituição pode ser definida como a capacidade intrínseca da organização para se ajustar a eventos/mudanças/perturbações e/ou oportunidades. O sistema apresentará Resiliência se permitir que os indivíduos consigam lidar com situações complexas. Discussão e Conclusões Ainda que esta se baseie em caraterísticas inatas, pode ser parcialmente treinada/adquirida, a título individual e/ou institucional. Quanto mais intensa e bem estruturada esta for, melhor a capacidade do funcionário e da empresa em superar adversidades, com cada vez mais qualidade e facilidade. Se a equipa de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais tiverem estas noções presentes e as souberem desenvolver, o seu desempenho ficará potenciado. Seria pertinente perceber qual o patamar médio de Resiliência entre os trabalhadores portugueses no global e em função de caraterísticas específicas (sexo, idade, profissão, vínculo laboral, habilitações e estado civil, por exemplo) e qual a melhor forma de o potenciar.

ABSTRACT This article presents the profile of graduates, the effects of training, and the professional trajectory of the Professional Master’s Course in Public Health graduates at the Aggeu Magalhaes Institute. Of the 99 invited graduates who completed the program between 2013-2020, 54 responded to a questionnaire applied through the Lime Survey software. The descriptive and cross-sectional study used absolute and relative frequency cross-tabulation variables in the analysis, with the instrument covering the following themes: identification of the graduate and program/course; professional activity before and at the end of the program and expectations; current employment status and formation effects; evaluation of the formative trajectory. Among the respondents, most are female, aged between 31-40 years, trained as nurses, self-declared as black or brown-skinned, not having a disability, predominantly residing in Pernambuco, and did not enter through a quota system. As an effect on their professional life, it was found that the program increased prestige/recognition among colleagues, qualified them for activities they were already performing and also different activities, and brought salary increases leading to changes in personal and professional lives. The results are consistent with scientific findings in the same context, and the tool developed by FIOCRUZ made it possible to understand the relationship between education and work.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta perfil dos egressos, efeitos da formação e trajetória profissional dos concluintes do Curso de Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Pública, do Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, parte de pesquisa avaliativa em desenvolvimento. Dos 99 egressos convidados que concluíram seus cursos entre 2013-2020, 54 responderam a um questionário aplicado por meio do software Lime Survey. O estudo descritivo e transversal utilizou frequência absoluta e relativa e cruzamento de variáveis na análise, cujo instrumento constou dos temas: identificação do egresso e do programa/curso; atividade profissional antes e ao término do curso e expectativas; condição empregatícia atual e efeitos da formação; avaliação da trajetória formativa. Entre os respondentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino, com idade entre 31-40 anos, enfermeiros de formação, autodeclarados pretos ou pardos, não ser pessoa com deficiência, predominantemente residentes em Pernambuco e não ingressaram mediante cota. Como efeito na vida profissional, encontrou-se que o curso aumentou o prestígio/reconhecimento dos colegas, qualificou para atividades que já exerciam e para atividades diferentes, e trouxe ganhos de remuneração, proporcionando mudanças na vida pessoal e profissional. Os resultados estão em conformidade com achados científicos desse mesmo contexto, e a ferramenta desenvolvida pela Fiocruz permitiu conhecer a relação entre formação e trabalho.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta perfil dos egressos, efeitos da formação e trajetória profissional dos concluintes do Curso de Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Pública, do Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, parte de pesquisa avaliativa em desenvolvimento. Dos 99 egressos convidados que concluíram seus cursos entre 2013-2020, 54 responderam a um questionário aplicado por meio do software Lime Survey. O estudo descritivo e transversal utilizou frequência absoluta e relativa e cruzamento de variáveis na análise, cujo instrumento constou dos temas: identificação do egresso e do programa/curso; atividade profissional antes e ao término do curso e expectativas; condição empregatícia atual e efeitos da formação; avaliação da trajetória formativa. Entre os respondentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino, com idade entre 31-40 anos, enfermeiros de formação, autodeclarados pretos ou pardos, não ser pessoa com deficiência, predominantemente residentes em Pernambuco e não ingressaram mediante cota. Como efeito na vida profissional, encontrou-se que o curso aumentou o prestígio/reconhecimento dos colegas, qualificou para atividades que já exerciam e para atividades diferentes, e trouxe ganhos de remuneração, proporcionando mudanças na vida pessoal e profissional. Os resultados estão em conformidade com achados científicos desse mesmo contexto, e a ferramenta desenvolvida pela Fiocruz permitiu conhecer a relação entre formação e trabalho. Pública Magalhães desenvolvimento 9 20132020, 20132020 2013 2020, 2020 2013-2020 5 Survey análise temas programa/curso programacurso programa expectativas formativa respondentes feminino 3140 31 40 31-4 anos pardos deficiência cota encontrouse encontrou se prestígioreconhecimento prestígio reconhecimento colegas diferentes remuneração contexto trabalho 2013202 201 202 2013-202 314 3 4 31- 201320 20 2013-20 20132 2 2013-2 2013-

ABSTRACT This article presents the profile of graduates, the effects of training, and the professional trajectory of the Professional Master’s Course in Public Health graduates at the Aggeu Magalhaes Institute. Of the 99 invited graduates who completed the program between 2013-2020, 54 responded to a questionnaire applied through the Lime Survey software. The descriptive and cross-sectional study used absolute and relative frequency cross-tabulation variables in the analysis, with the instrument covering the following themes: identification of the graduate and program/course; professional activity before and at the end of the program and expectations; current employment status and formation effects; evaluation of the formative trajectory. Among the respondents, most are female, aged between 31-40 years, trained as nurses, self-declared as black or brown-skinned, not having a disability, predominantly residing in Pernambuco, and did not enter through a quota system. As an effect on their professional life, it was found that the program increased prestige/recognition among colleagues, qualified them for activities they were already performing and also different activities, and brought salary increases leading to changes in personal and professional lives. The results are consistent with scientific findings in the same context, and the tool developed by FIOCRUZ made it possible to understand the relationship between education and work. training Masters Master s Institute 9 20132020, 20132020 2013 2020, 2020 2013-2020 5 software crosssectional cross sectional crosstabulation tabulation analysis themes program/course programcourse course expectations respondents female 3140 31 40 31-4 years nurses selfdeclared self declared brownskinned, brownskinned brown skinned, skinned brown-skinned disability Pernambuco system life prestigerecognition prestige recognition colleagues lives context work 2013202 201 202 2013-202 314 3 4 31- 201320 20 2013-20 20132 2 2013-2 2013-

Abstract The study presented in this article was developed within the framework of Project 724-C1-714 Thematic Observatory of Costa Rican Technical and Vocational Education and Training, registered at the Institute for Research in Education of the University of Costa Rica. In this qualitative study, with a descriptive scope, the phenomenological method and the questionnaire were used as a technique for the collection of information; 8 of 11 Guidance professionals who work in the Professional Technical High Schools of the Regional Educational Directorate of Puriscal of the Ministry of Public Education participated. It was carried out during the second cycle of 2022 and the first cycle of 2023. The information obtained was grouped into 3 categories: Status of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training, About Guidance in the Professional Technical High Schools and Guidance in the Professional Technical High Schools over the next five years. As part of the results, it is highlighted that the people consulted foresee a positive future for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, due to the attention that is being given in Costa Rica to this educational modality, based on the need for young people to join the world of work, which leads to the mention of the opportunities that Guidance has in this context. In this regard, it is indicated in relation to Vocational Guidance, the exploration of interests, skills and knowledge of the environment. This depends on the vocational decision-making associated with the specialty they are going to study, their incorporation into the world of work and the possibility of continuing or not with tertiary education. Regarding the challenges, the need to have spaces that allow students to be offered vocational guidance is indicated, specifically the lesson of Guidance for the diversified cycle is mentioned. Among the conclusions obtained are that; Technical and Vocational Education and Training is an educational modality that allows the country to increase its competitiveness and opens opportunities for the student population to obtain a job. However, it is stated that there are aspects that must be paid attention to in order to improve this educational modality. It is mentioned, for example, that administrative management should seek to create spaces to offer vocational guidance. The opportunities that arise for Guidance in the Professional Technical High Schools refer to actions to be developed from Vocational Guidance, exploration of the interests and abilities of the students and for knowledge of the environment. As challenges, the need to be able to involve students in their processes of self-knowledge, decision-making and life project is emphasized. It is considered that in the immediate future, Guidance must integrate the use of Information and Communication Technologies into its work, which requires that continuous training processes be planned for the group of professionals in Guidance.

Resumen El estudio que se presenta en este artículo se desarrolló en el marco del Proyecto 724-C1-714 Observatorio Temático de la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional Costarricense, inscrito en el Instituto de Investigación en Educación de la Universidad Costa Rica. En este estudio cualitativo, con alcance descriptivo, se utilizó el método fenomenológico y el cuestionario como técnica para la recolección de la información; participaron 8 de 11 profesionales de Orientación que laboran en los Colegios Técnicos Profesionales de la Dirección Regional Educativa de Puriscal del Ministerio de Educación Pública. Se realizó durante el segundo ciclo del año 2022 y primero del 2023. La información obtenida se agrupó en 3 categorías: Situación de la EFTP, Sobre la Orientación en los CTP y la Orientación en los CTP en los próximos cinco años. Como parte de los resultados, destaca que las personas consultadas vislumbran un futuro positivo para EFTP, por la atención que se le está dando en nuestro país a esta modalidad educativa, a partir de la necesidad de que las personas jóvenes se incorporen al mundo del trabajo, lo que lleva a que se mencionen las oportunidades que tiene la Orientación en este contexto. Al respecto se indica, en relación con la Orientación vocacional, la exploración de los intereses, habilidades y el conocimiento del entorno. Lo anterior, en función de la toma de decisiones vocacionales asociadas a la especialidad que van a cursar, la incorporación al mundo del trabajo y la posibilidad de continuar o no con estudios superiores. Respecto a los desafíos se indica la necesidad de contar con espacios que permitan ofrecer al estudiantado Orientación vocacional, de manera específica se menciona la lección de Orientación para el ciclo diversificado. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas están; la ETFP se constituye una modalidad educativa que permite al país incrementar su competitividad y a la población estudiantil le abre oportunidades para la obtención de un empleo. No obstante, se afirma que existen aspectos a los que se les debe poner atención para mejorar esta modalidad educativa. Se menciona por ejemplo que, desde la gestión administrativa, se debe procurar la creación de espacios para ofrecer Orientación vocacional. Las oportunidades que se presentan para la Orientación en los CTP remiten a acciones a desarrollar desde la Orientación vocacional, exploración de los intereses y habilidades del estudiantado y para el conocimiento del entorno. Como desafíos se recalca la necesidad de poder involucrar al estudiantado en sus procesos de autoconocimiento, toma de decisiones y proyecto de vida. Se considera que la Orientación en el futuro más inmediato, debe integrar en su quehacer, el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), lo cual requiere que se planifiquen procesos de formación continua para el grupo de profesionales en Orientación.

The presence of immigrants in South Africa has led citizens to believe that migrants are responsible for increased crime rates in the country. This belief is a harmful stereotype that has no basis in reality, as most of the crimes are not committed by the migrants. This study explores the impact of socio-economic factors on crime rates by international migrants in South Africa from 2012 to 2017. Specifically, it focuses on examining the likelihood and association between two key variables: migrants with no formal education and crime, and unemployed migrants and crime. Through chi-square tests and multinomial regression, the study investigated whether these socioeconomic factors drove criminal behavior among the international migrant population. This study obtained data from secondary sources. The study's findings revealed that unemployment has an impact on migrants and crime rates in South Africa. The relationship showed a weak association, attributed to insufficient supporting evidence due to the low statistical power of educational status. The relationship proved to not have a strong association, lacking supporting evidence due to low statistical power on educational status. The level of education among migrants did not play a substantial role in influencing criminal behavior within the South African context. Other factors, such as social networks, cultural integration, and individual characteristics, might have a more prominent influence on criminal activities among migrants. However, addressing unemployment issues among international migrants in South Africa to mitigate the risk of criminal involvement is crucial. Policymakers and stakeholders should focus on developing effective strategies to promote employment opportunities, skills development, and social integration among migrant communities. By addressing these socio-economic factors, it may be possible to reduce crime rates and create a more inclusive society for both migrants and the host population in South Africa.

RESUMEN Introducción: En el Conflicto Trabajo-Familia aparecen exigencias laborales incompatibles con actividades del rol familiar, puede presentarse en tres formas: conflicto basado en tiempo, en comportamiento y en tensión generada; esto dos direcciones trabajo-familia o familia-trabajo. La migración laboral conlleva desventajas que vulneran los derechos de los trabajadores exponiéndose a condiciones de empleo desfavorables para su salud. Objetivo: Analizar investigaciones publicadas, su alcance y algunas lagunas de conocimiento sobre el conflicto trabajo-familia en trabajadores migrantes a nivel mundial. Métodos: Búsqueda sistemática de estudios publicados en bases de datos Scopus, Google académico, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect y Medline del período 1990-2023, siguiendo directrices PRISMA, se incluyeron 19 publicaciones. Resultados: Se identificó la relación entre este tipo de conflicto y el apoyo organizacional, la satisfacción laboral, la condición migratoria de los trabajadores, factores individuales cómo género, número de hijos y actividades de cuidados relacionadas a síntomas psicológicos, la ausencia de prestaciones sociales, así como el papel de la cultura y las redes de apoyo social entre los trabajadores migrantes. Conclusión: El conflicto Trabajo-Familia se relacionó con factores individuales, organizacionales y culturales de trabajadores migrantes, se requieren investigaciones que aborden las políticas de seguridad y salud, el acceso a servicios asistenciales de cuidado, la regulación de jornadas de trabajo con el inherente respeto a la cultura de origen, la diversidad genérica y sexual así como las formas de convivencia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Work-Family Conflict, work demands appear that are incompatible with family role activities; it can occur in three forms: conflict based on time, behavior and generated tension; this two directions work-family or family-work. Labor migration entails disadvantages that violate the rights of workers, exposing them to employment conditions that are unfavorable to their health. Objective: Analyze published research, its scope and some gaps in knowledge about work-family conflict in migrant workers worldwide. Methods: Systematic search of studies published in Scopus, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and Medline databases from the period 1990-2023, following PRISMA guidelines, 19 publications were included. Results: The relationship was identified between this type of conflict and organizational support, job satisfaction, the migratory status of workers, individual factors such as gender, number of children and care activities related to psychological symptoms, the absence of social benefits, as well as the role of culture and social support networks among migrant workers. Conclusion: Work-Family Conflict was related to individual, organizational and cultural factors of migrant workers; research is required that addresses health and safety policies, access to care services, and the regulation of work hours with inherent respect. to the culture of origin, gender and sexual diversity as well as forms of coexistence.

Abstract This article seeks to reflect on the dynamics of deconstruction regarding the socio-legal framework of work and of the vulnerability of its status in Portuguese society in recent decades. To this end, it identifies and characterizes the different periods of labor regulation from the 25th of April to the present day, presenting a diachronic reading of the main disputes and regulatory changes. In the second part, it points out transformations in the employment structure and systematizes the most relevant ways of embrittlement of work - the profusion of precarious types of employment, the “alternative uses” of the law, the clandestinization and the non-remuneration of work, the exposure to market fluctuations, the lack of manpower, and the weakening of collective hiring. The aim is to contribute to thinking about work today, between the “promises of April” and neoliberal regulation.

Resumo Este artigo procura refletir sobre as dinâmicas de desconstrução do enquadramento sociojurídico do trabalho e de vulnerabilização do seu estatuto na sociedade portuguesa nas últimas décadas. Para isso, identifica e caracteriza os diferentes períodos de regulação laboral desde o 25 de Abril até à atualidade, apresentando uma leitura diacrónica das principais disputas e mudanças normativas. Num segundo momento, aponta transformações na estrutura do emprego e sistematiza as vias mais relevantes de fragilização do trabalho - a profusão de modalidades precárias de emprego, os “usos alternativos” da lei, a clandestinização e a não remuneração do trabalho, a exposição às flutuações do mercado, a deslaboralização e a debilitação da contratação coletiva. Pretende-se assim contribuir para pensar o trabalho hoje, entre as promessas de Abril e a regulação neoliberal.

Résumé Cet article cherche à réfléchir sur la dynamique de déconstruction du cadre sociojuridique du travail et la vulnérabilité de son statut dans la société portugaise au cours des dernières décennies. Pour ce faire, il identifie et caractérise les différentes périodes de régulation du travail du 25 avril (date de la révolution portugaise) à nos jours, en présentant une lecture diachronique des principaux conflits et évolutions réglementaires. D’autre part, il signale les changements dans la structure de l’emploi et systématise les modalités les plus pertinentes de fragilisation du travail - la profusion d’emplois précaires, les « usages alternatifs » du droit, la clandestinité et la non-rémunération du travail, l’exposition aux fluctuations du marché, le manque de main-d’œuvre et l’affaiblissement de la négociation collective. L’objectif est de contribuer à réfléchir sur le travail aujourd’hui, entre « promesses d’avril » et régulation néolibérale.

Resumen Este estudio investiga la relación entre variables sociodemográficas y el nivel de educación financiera en jóvenes universitarios de Ecuador. Utilizando datos de 1.011 encuestas y el contraste no paramétrico, se analiza cómo la edad, el género, el estatus laboral y el campo de formación se relacionan con el conocimiento, comportamiento y la actitud financiera de los estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de los estudiantes en Ecuador poseen un nivel medio de educación financiera, lo que implica habilidades para aplicar conceptos financieros básicos en situaciones cotidianas, pero con limitaciones en escenarios más complejos. Además, se encontró que la edad, el campo de formación y el estatus laboral influyen significativamente en las dimensiones de la educación financiera. Este estudio pionero en el contexto ecuatoriano subraya la importancia de considerar factores sociodemográficos al diseñar estrategias de educación financiera dirigidas a jóvenes universitarios, con el objetivo de fortalecer la educación financiera de esta población.

Abstract This study investigates the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the level of fin ancial education among university students in Ecuador. Using data from 1,011 surveys and non-parametric analysis, it examines how age, gender, employment status, and field of study relate to students' financial knowledge, behavior, and attitudes. The results reveal that the majority of students in Ecuador possess a moderate level of financial education, signifying their ability to apply basic financial concepts in everyday situations but with limitations in more complex scenarios. Additionally, it was found that age, field of study, and employment status significantly influence the dimensions of financial education. This pioneering study in the Ecuadorian context underscores the importance of considering sociodemographic factors when designing financial education strategies tailored to university students, with the aim of strengthening the financial education of this population.

Introduction: The incidence increased of chronic kidney disease, together with the changes caused in patients' lifestyles by undergoing renal replacement therapy to prolong life, has prompted the quantification of the effects of disease and treatment about quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the health-related quality of life in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease treated at the Nephrology Service of the "Carlos Font Pupo" Teaching Clinical-Surgical Hospital at February, 2019. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was performed in 20 patients with chronic terminal kidney disease. The information was obtained from semi-structured interviews and the responses of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form version 1.3 questionnaire. To fulfill the objective, descriptive statistics were used in the form of Absolute Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The most committed generic dimensions were Physical role (18.75 ± 17.91), Energy / fatigue (48 ± 21.79) and General health perception (50.5 ± 22.41). In the specific dimensions, the lowest scores were obtained in employment status (9 ± 18.89), sexual function (44.38 ± 46.68) and burden of kidney disease (52.5 ± 21.88). 50% of the patients presented a quality of average life. Conclusions: The results obtained in the different dimensions do not differ significantly from those of consulted international studies that applied this instrument.

Introducción: El incremento en la incidencia de la Enfermedad renal crónica, junto a las modificaciones que provoca en los estilos de vida de los pacientes el someterse a tratamientos sustitutivos de la función renal para prolongar la vida, ha impulsado a cuantificar los efectos de la enfermedad y del tratamiento sobre la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal atendidos en el Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente Dr. “Carlos Font Pupo” en febrero de 2019. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en 20 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal. La información se obtuvo a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y de las respuestas del cuestionario Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form versión 1.3. Para dar cumplimiento al objetivo se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas a forma de Frecuencias Absolutas, media, desviación estándar y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Las dimensiones genéricas más comprometidas fueron Rol físico (18,75 ± 17,91), Energía/fatiga (48 ± 21,79) y Percepción general de la salud (50,5 ± 22,41). En las dimensiones específicas se obtuvieron las puntuaciones más bajas en Estatus laboral (9 ± 18,89), Función sexual (44,38 ± 46,68) y Carga de la enfermedad renal (52,5 ± 21,88). El 50% de los pacientes presentaron una calidad de vida media. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos en las diferentes dimensiones no difieren significativamente de estudios internacionales consultados que aplicaron este instrumento.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e seus fatores associados em quatro países da América Latina. Este é um estudo transversal de dados coletados de adultos em 2021 por meio da pesquisa Resposta Colaborativa à COVID-19 da Academia McDonnell na Universidade Washington em St. Louis (Estados Unidos). A amostra foi composta por 8.125 pessoas do Brasil, Colômbia, México e Chile. O estudo utilizou um modelo linear generalizado para uma variável de desfecho binário com uma conexão logística e efeitos fixos do país. No total, 2.336 (28,75%) pessoas consideraram ter sofrido alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental. Os desempregados (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,24-1,58), aqueles com qualidade de vida ruim/regular (OR = 5,03; IC95%: 4,01-6,31) e aqueles com alto nível socioeconômico (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 1,41-1,96) apresentaram maior risco de alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental do que aqueles com emprego em tempo integral, excelente qualidade e baixo nível socioeconômico. De acordo com o modelo de efeitos fixos, os brasileiros que viviam no país durante a pandemia, que discordavam das decisões do governo (OR = 2,05; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) e não confiavam em seu governo (OR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) apresentaram maior risco de alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental. Quase 30% dos entrevistados indicaram que a pandemia da COVID-19 alterou sua autopercepção de saúde mental. Esse desfecho estava associado a fatores políticos, sociodemográficos e de risco à saúde. Estes achados devem ajudar os formuladores de políticas a desenvolver intervenções comunitárias pós-pandemia.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus factores asociados en cuatro países de América Latina. Este es un estudio transversal de datos recopilados de adultos en el 2021 por medio de la investigación Respuesta Colaborativa a COVID-19 de la Academia McDonnell en la Universidad Washington en St. Louis (Estados Unidos). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8.125 personas de Brasil, Colombia, México y Chile. El estudio utilizó un modelo lineal generalizado para una variable de desenlace binario con un enlace logístico y efectos fijos por país. En total, 2.336 (28,75%) personas consideraron que habían sufrido alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental. Los desempleados (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,24-1,58), aquellos con calidad de vida mala/regular (OR = 5,03; IC95%: 4,01-6,31) y aquellos con alto nivel socioeconómico (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 1,41-1,96) presentaron mayor riesgo de alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental que aquellos con empleo a tiempo completo, excelente calidad y bajo nivel socioeconómico. Según el modelo de efectos fijos, los brasileños que vivían en el país durante la pandemia y que no estuvieron de acuerdo con las decisiones del gobierno (OR = 2,05; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) y no confiaban en su gobierno (OR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) presentaron mayor riesgo de alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental. Casi el 30% de los encuestados indicaron que la pandemia de COVID-19 alteró su autopercepción de la salud mental. Este desenlace se asoció con factores políticos, sociodemográficos y de riesgo a la salud. Estos hallazgos deben ayudar a los formuladores de políticas a desarrollar intervenciones comunitarias pospandémicas.

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alterations in self-perceived mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated factors in four Latin American countries. This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected from adults in 2021 through the Collaborative Response COVID-19 Survey by the MacDonnell Academy at Washington University in St. Louis (United States). The sample was composed of 8,125 individuals from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile. A generalized linear model for a binary outcome variable with a logistic link and fixed country effects was used. There were 2,336 (28.75%) individuals who considered having suffered alterations in self-perceived mental health. Unemployed individuals (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.24-1.58), those with bad/regular quality of life (OR = 5.03; 95%CI: 4.01-6.31), and those with high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.41-1.96) had a higher risk of self-perceived mental health alterations than those with full-time employment, excellent quality, and low socioeconomic status. According to the fixed-effects model, Brazilians living in the country during the pandemic, who disagreed with their government’s decisions (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.74-2.42) and lacked trust in their government (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.74-2.42) had a higher risk of having self-perceived mental health alterations. Nearly 30% of respondents indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic altered their self-perceived mental health. This outcome was associated with political, sociodemographic, and health risk factors. These findings should help policymakers develop post-pandemic community interventions.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência de alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e seus fatores associados em quatro países da América Latina. Este é um estudo transversal de dados coletados de adultos em 2021 por meio da pesquisa Resposta Colaborativa à COVID-19 da Academia McDonnell na Universidade Washington em St. Louis (Estados Unidos). A amostra foi composta por 8.125 pessoas do Brasil, Colômbia, México e Chile. O estudo utilizou um modelo linear generalizado para uma variável de desfecho binário com uma conexão logística e efeitos fixos do país. No total, 2.336 (28,75%) pessoas consideraram ter sofrido alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental. Os desempregados (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,24-1,58), aqueles com qualidade de vida ruim/regular (OR = 5,03; IC95%: 4,01-6,31) e aqueles com alto nível socioeconômico (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 1,41-1,96) apresentaram maior risco de alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental do que aqueles com emprego em tempo integral, excelente qualidade e baixo nível socioeconômico. De acordo com o modelo de efeitos fixos, os brasileiros que viviam no país durante a pandemia, que discordavam das decisões do governo (OR = 2,05; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) e não confiavam em seu governo (OR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) apresentaram maior risco de alterações na autopercepção de saúde mental. Quase 30% dos entrevistados indicaram que a pandemia da COVID-19 alterou sua autopercepção de saúde mental. Esse desfecho estava associado a fatores políticos, sociodemográficos e de risco à saúde. Estes achados devem ajudar os formuladores de políticas a desenvolver intervenções comunitárias pós-pandemia. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Latina 202 St Estados Unidos. Unidos . Unidos) 8125 8 125 8.12 Brasil Colômbia Chile total 2336 2 336 2.33 28,75% 2875 28 75 (28,75% OR 1,40 140 1 40 IC95% IC95 IC 1,241,58, 124158 1,24 1,58 , 24 58 1,24-1,58) ruimregular ruim regular 5,03 503 5 03 4,016,31 401631 4,01 6,31 4 01 6 31 4,01-6,31 1,66 166 66 1,411,96 141196 1,41 1,96 41 96 1,41-1,96 integral 2,05 205 05 1,742,42 174242 1,74 2,42 74 42 1,74-2,42 2,10 210 10 30 políticos póspandemia. póspandemia pós pandemia. pós-pandemia COVID1 COVID- 20 812 12 8.1 233 33 2.3 28,75 287 7 (28,75 1,4 14 IC9 241 1,241,58 12415 124 1,2 158 1,5 1,24-1,58 5,0 50 0 016 4,016,3 40163 401 4,0 631 6,3 3 4,01-6,3 1,6 16 411 1,411,9 14119 141 196 1,9 9 1,41-1,9 2,0 742 1,742,4 17424 174 1,7 242 2,4 1,74-2,4 2,1 21 81 8. 23 2. 28,7 (28,7 1, 1,241,5 1241 15 1,24-1,5 5, 4,016, 4016 4, 63 6, 4,01-6, 1,411, 1411 1,41-1, 2, 1,742, 1742 17 1,74-2, 28, (28, 1,241, 1,24-1, 4,016 4,01-6 1,411 1,41-1 1,742 1,74-2 (28 1,241 1,24-1 4,01- 1,41- 1,74- (2 1,24- (

Abstract This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of alterations in self-perceived mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associated factors in four Latin American countries. This is a cross-sectional study based on data collected from adults in 2021 through the Collaborative Response COVID-19 Survey by the MacDonnell Academy at Washington University in St. Louis (United States). The sample was composed of 8,125 individuals from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Chile. A generalized linear model for a binary outcome variable with a logistic link and fixed country effects was used. There were 2,336 (28.75%) individuals who considered having suffered alterations in self-perceived mental health. Unemployed individuals (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.24-1.58), those with bad/regular quality of life (OR = 5.03; 95%CI: 4.01-6.31), and those with high socioeconomic status (OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.41-1.96) had a higher risk of self-perceived mental health alterations than those with full-time employment, excellent quality, and low socioeconomic status. According to the fixed-effects model, Brazilians living in the country during the pandemic, who disagreed with their government’s decisions (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.74-2.42) and lacked trust in their government (OR = 2.10; 95%CI: 1.74-2.42) had a higher risk of having self-perceived mental health alterations. Nearly 30% of respondents indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic altered their self-perceived mental health. This outcome was associated with political, sociodemographic, and health risk factors. These findings should help policymakers develop post-pandemic community interventions. selfperceived self perceived COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 countries crosssectional cross sectional 202 St United States. States . States) 8125 8 125 8,12 Brazil Colombia Mexico Chile used 2336 2 336 2,33 28.75% 2875 28 75 (28.75% OR 1.40 140 1 40 95%CI 95CI CI 95 1.241.58, 124158 1.24 1.58 , 24 58 1.24-1.58) badregular bad regular 5.03 503 5 03 4.016.31, 401631 4.01 6.31 4 01 6 31 4.01-6.31) 1.66 166 66 1.411.96 141196 1.41 1.96 41 96 1.41-1.96 fulltime full time employment fixedeffects governments s 2.05 205 05 1.742.42 174242 1.74 2.42 74 42 1.74-2.42 2.10 210 10 30 political sociodemographic postpandemic post interventions COVID1 COVID- 20 812 12 8,1 233 33 2,3 28.75 287 7 (28.75 1.4 14 9 241 1.241.58 12415 124 1.2 158 1.5 1.24-1.58 5.0 50 0 016 4.016.31 40163 401 4.0 631 6.3 3 4.01-6.31 1.6 16 411 1.411.9 14119 141 196 1.9 1.41-1.9 2.0 742 1.742.4 17424 174 1.7 242 2.4 1.74-2.4 2.1 21 81 8, 23 2, 28.7 (28.7 1. 1.241.5 1241 15 1.24-1.5 5. 4.016.3 4016 4. 63 6. 4.01-6.3 1.411. 1411 1.41-1. 2. 1.742. 1742 17 1.74-2. 28. (28. 1.241. 1.24-1. 4.016. 4.01-6. 1.411 1.41-1 1.742 1.74-2 (28 1.241 1.24-1 4.016 4.01-6 1.41- 1.74- (2 1.24- 4.01- (

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo estimar la prevalencia de alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y sus factores asociados en cuatro países de América Latina. Este es un estudio transversal de datos recopilados de adultos en el 2021 por medio de la investigación Respuesta Colaborativa a COVID-19 de la Academia McDonnell en la Universidad Washington en St. Louis (Estados Unidos). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 8.125 personas de Brasil, Colombia, México y Chile. El estudio utilizó un modelo lineal generalizado para una variable de desenlace binario con un enlace logístico y efectos fijos por país. En total, 2.336 (28,75%) personas consideraron que habían sufrido alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental. Los desempleados (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,24-1,58), aquellos con calidad de vida mala/regular (OR = 5,03; IC95%: 4,01-6,31) y aquellos con alto nivel socioeconómico (OR = 1,66; IC95%: 1,41-1,96) presentaron mayor riesgo de alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental que aquellos con empleo a tiempo completo, excelente calidad y bajo nivel socioeconómico. Según el modelo de efectos fijos, los brasileños que vivían en el país durante la pandemia y que no estuvieron de acuerdo con las decisiones del gobierno (OR = 2,05; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) y no confiaban en su gobierno (OR = 2,10; IC95%: 1,74-2,42) presentaron mayor riesgo de alteraciones en la autopercepción de la salud mental. Casi el 30% de los encuestados indicaron que la pandemia de COVID-19 alteró su autopercepción de la salud mental. Este desenlace se asoció con factores políticos, sociodemográficos y de riesgo a la salud. Estos hallazgos deben ayudar a los formuladores de políticas a desarrollar intervenciones comunitarias pospandémicas. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Latina 202 St Estados Unidos. Unidos . Unidos) 8125 8 125 8.12 Brasil Colombia Chile total 2336 2 336 2.33 28,75% 2875 28 75 (28,75% OR 1,40 140 1 40 IC95% IC95 IC 1,241,58, 124158 1,24 1,58 , 24 58 1,24-1,58) malaregular mala regular 5,03 503 5 03 4,016,31 401631 4,01 6,31 4 01 6 31 4,01-6,31 1,66 166 66 1,411,96 141196 1,41 1,96 41 96 1,41-1,96 completo 2,05 205 05 1,742,42 174242 1,74 2,42 74 42 1,74-2,42 2,10 210 10 30 políticos pospandémicas COVID1 COVID- 20 812 12 8.1 233 33 2.3 28,75 287 7 (28,75 1,4 14 IC9 241 1,241,58 12415 124 1,2 158 1,5 1,24-1,58 5,0 50 0 016 4,016,3 40163 401 4,0 631 6,3 3 4,01-6,3 1,6 16 411 1,411,9 14119 141 196 1,9 9 1,41-1,9 2,0 742 1,742,4 17424 174 1,7 242 2,4 1,74-2,4 2,1 21 81 8. 23 2. 28,7 (28,7 1, 1,241,5 1241 15 1,24-1,5 5, 4,016, 4016 4, 63 6, 4,01-6, 1,411, 1411 1,41-1, 2, 1,742, 1742 17 1,74-2, 28, (28, 1,241, 1,24-1, 4,016 4,01-6 1,411 1,41-1 1,742 1,74-2 (28 1,241 1,24-1 4,01- 1,41- 1,74- (2 1,24- (

Resumo Introdução O trabalho é um dos principais determinantes do estado geral de saúde. Para pessoas que sofrem de transtorno mental grave, conseguir um emprego é um ponto crucial em sua recuperação, razão pela qual encontrar, adquirir e manter um emprego são objetivos fundamentais para intervenções de terapia ocupacional nessa população. Objetivo Conhecer os resultados das intervenções de terapia ocupacional baseadas no modelo Individual Placement and Support sobre a inserção no mercado de trabalho e a qualidade de vida de pessoas com transtorno mental grave. Método Uma revisão foi conduzida de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). As buscas foram realizadas nos seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Cochrane. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a ferramenta Review Manager Web. O protocolo de revisão foi registrado no PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Resultados Doze estudos foram incluídos. A idade dos participantes variou de 18 a 53 anos, com predominância do sexo masculino. Os resultados vocacionais demostram que a taxa de emprego foi pelo menos 20% maior no grupo de apoio individualizado ao emprego do que no grupo controle. Não foram encontrados achados conclusivos para os resultados não vocacionais. Conclusão : Os resultados sugerem que esse modelo é eficaz na integração ocupacional de pessoas com transtorno mental grave. São necessários estudos futuros com maior rigor metodológico para confirmar a eficácia desse modelo em variáveis não profissionais. saúde grave recuperação encontrar população MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA. PRISMA . (PRISMA) dados PubMed Science Cochrane PROSPERO CRD42023418778 CRD incluídos 1 5 anos masculino 20 controle profissionais (PRISMA CRD4202341877 2 CRD420234187 CRD42023418 CRD4202341 CRD420234 CRD42023 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract Introduction Employment is one of the main determinants of general health status. For people suffering from serious mental disorders, obtaining a job is a crucial point in their recovery, which is why finding, acquiring, and maintaining a job are fundamental objectives for occupational therapy interventions with this population. Objective Find out the results of occupational therapy interventions based on the Individual Placement and Support model in the labor market insertion and quality of life of people with severe mental disorders. Method A review was conducted according to the criteria established by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Searches were carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane. Risk of bias was assessed using the Review Manager Web tool. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Results Twelve studies were included. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 53 years, with predominance of males. Vocational results show that the employment rate was at least 20% higher in the individualized employment support group than in the control group. No conclusive findings were found for non-vocational outcomes. Conclusion The results suggest that this model is effective in the employability of people with severe mental disorders. Future studies with greater methodological rigor are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this model in non-professional variables. status disorders recovery finding acquiring population MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA. PRISMA . (PRISMA) databases PubMed Science Scopus Cochrane tool PROSPERO CRD42023418778 CRD included 1 5 years males 20 nonvocational non vocational outcomes nonprofessional professional variables (PRISMA CRD4202341877 2 CRD420234187 CRD42023418 CRD4202341 CRD420234 CRD42023 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Resumen Introducción El empleo es uno de los principales determinantes del estado general de salud. Para las personas que padecen un trastorno mental grave obtener un empleo supone un punto crucial en su recuperación por lo que la búsqueda, adquisición y mantenimiento de un empleo son objetivos fundamentales para las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional en esta población. Objetivos Conocer los resultados de las intervenciones de terapia ocupacional basadas en el modelo Individual Placement and Support sobre la inserción laboral y la calidad de vida de personas con trastorno mental grave. Método Se empleó la declaración PRISMA según los criterios establecidos por Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó con la herramienta Review Manager Web. El protocolo de revisión se registró en PROSPERO: CRD42023418778. Resultados Se incluyeron 12 estudios. El rango de edad de los participantes oscila entre los 18 y 53 años, predominando el género masculino. Los resultados vocacionales demuestran que la tasa de empleo fue al menos un 20% mayor en el grupo de apoyo individualizado al empleo que en el grupo control. No se encontraron hallazgos concluyentes para los resultados no vocacionales. Conclusión Los resultados sugieren que este modelo es efectivo en la inserción laboral de las personas con trastorno mental grave. Son necesarios futuros estudios con mayor rigor metodológico para confirmar la eficacia de este modelo en las variables no vocacionales. salud búsqueda población MetaAnalyses. MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses. Analyses Meta-Analyses datos PubMed Science Cochrane PROSPERO CRD42023418778 CRD 1 5 años masculino 20 control CRD4202341877 2 CRD420234187 CRD42023418 CRD4202341 CRD420234 CRD42023 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract Objective: To identify sociodemographic and reproductive risk factors associated with MetS in women in their fourth decade of life. Methods: Cohort study conducted on women born from June 1978 to May 1979 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data were collected by interview and clinical evaluation. Univariable and multivariable binomial logistic regression models were constructed to identify the risk factors of metabolic syndrome and the adjusted relative risk (RR) was calculated. Results: The cohort included 916 women, and 286 (31.2%) of them have metabolic syndrome. MetS was associated with lack of paid work (RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.14-1.95), marital status of without a partner (RR 1.33; 95% CI 1.03-1.72), low educational level (less than 8 years of schooling [RR 1.72; 95% CI 1.23-2.41], 8 to 12 years of schooling [RR 1.37; 95% CI 1.06-1.76], when compared with more than 12 years of schooling), and teenage pregnancy (RR 2.00; 95% CI 1.45-2.77). There was no association between MetS, and the other covariates studied. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome in a population of women in the fourth decade of life was associated with lack of employment, lack of a partner, low educational level, and teenage pregnancy. Objective Methods 197 Preto Brazil Sociodemographic evaluation RR calculated Results 91 28 31.2% 312 31 2 (31.2% 1.49 149 1 49 95 1.141.95, 114195 1.14 1.95 , 14 1.14-1.95) 1.33 133 33 1.031.72, 103172 1.03 1.72 03 72 1.03-1.72) less 172 1.232.41, 123241 1.23 2.41 23 41 1.23-2.41] 1.37 137 37 1.061.76, 106176 1.06 1.76 06 76 1.06-1.76] schooling, schooling) 2.00 200 00 1.452.77. 145277 1.45 2.77 . 45 77 1.45-2.77) studied Conclusion employment 19 9 31.2 3 (31.2 1.4 4 141 1.141.95 11419 114 1.1 195 1.9 1.14-1.95 1.3 13 031 1.031.72 10317 103 1.0 1.7 0 7 1.03-1.72 17 232 1.232.41 12324 123 1.2 241 2.4 1.23-2.41 061 1.061.76 10617 106 176 1.06-1.76 2.0 20 452 1.452.77 14527 145 277 2.7 1.45-2.77 31. (31. 1. 1.141.9 1141 11 1.14-1.9 1.031.7 1031 10 1.03-1.7 1.232.4 1232 24 2. 1.23-2.4 1.061.7 1061 1.06-1.7 1.452.7 1452 27 1.45-2.7 (31 1.141. 1.14-1. 1.031. 1.03-1. 1.232. 1.23-2. 1.061. 1.06-1. 1.452. 1.45-2. (3 1.141 1.14-1 1.031 1.03-1 1.232 1.23-2 1.061 1.06-1 1.452 1.45-2 ( 1.14- 1.03- 1.23- 1.06- 1.45-

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental y el papel de la inseguridad alimentaria como mediador en esta relación. Se realizó un estudio transversal basado en la población con adultos (≥ 18 y < 60 años) durante el brote de COVID-19 en dos ciudades del Sur de Brasil. La situación laboral se clasificó en trabajando, no trabajando y pérdida de empleo. Los resultados de salud mental evaluados fueron síntomas depresivos, percepción de estrés y sensación de tristeza. La inseguridad alimentaria fue identificada por la versión reducida de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. Se realizaron análisis ajustados por regresión de Poisson para evaluar la asociación entre la situación laboral y la salud mental. Se realizó un análisis de mediación para investigar los efectos directos e indirectos de la situación laboral en los resultados de salud mental. En total, se analizaron 1.492 adultos. No trabajar se asoció con un 53% más de probabilidades de percepción de estrés y un 74% más de probabilidades de tristeza. La pérdida del trabajo aumentó las probabilidades de síntomas depresivos, estrés percibido y sentimientos de tristeza en un 68%, 123% y 128%, respectivamente. Los análisis de mediación mostraron que la inseguridad alimentaria era un mediador importante de la asociación entre la situación laboral y los síntomas depresivos y los sentimientos de tristeza, pero no para el estrés percibido. La complejidad de estos resultados destaca los aspectos económicos y nutricionales que intervienen en los resultados de salud mental.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between employment status and mental health, considering food insecurity as a mediator of this relation. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with adults (≥ 18 and < 60 years) during the COVID-19 outbreak in two cities from Southern Brazil. Employment status was categorized into working, not working, and lost job. The mental health outcomes evaluated were depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness. Food insecurity was identified by the short-form version of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Adjusted analyses using Poisson regression were performed to assess the association between employment status and mental health. Mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of employment status on mental health outcomes. In total, 1,492 adults were analyzed. The not working status was associated with 53% and 74% higher odds of perceived stress and of sadness, respectively. Being dismissed during the pandemic increased the odds of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and sadness by 68%, 123%, and 128%, respectively. Mediation analyses showed that food insecurity was an important mediator of the association between employment status and depressive symptoms and sadness, but not of perceived stress. The complexity of these results highlights economic and nutritional aspects involved in mental health outcomes.

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental e o papel da insegurança alimentar como mediadora dessa relação. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com adultos (≥ 18 e < 60 anos) durante o surto de COVID-19 em duas cidades do Sul do Brasil. A situação de trabalho foi categorizada em trabalhando, não trabalhando e perda do emprego. Os desfechos de saúde mental avaliados foram sintomas depressivos, percepção de estresse e sentimento de tristeza. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada pela versão reduzida da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Análises ajustadas por regressão de Poisson foram realizadas para avaliar a associação entre situação de trabalho e saúde mental. A análise de mediação foi realizada para investigar os efeitos diretos e indiretos da situação de trabalho sobre os desfechos de saúde mental. No total, foram analisados 1.492 adultos. Não trabalhar associou-se a 53% mais chances de percepção de estresse e 74% maiores de tristeza. A perda do emprego aumentou as chances de sintomas depressivos, estresse percebido e sentimento de tristeza em 68%, 123% e 128%, respectivamente. As análises de mediação mostraram que a insegurança alimentar foi um importante mediador da associação entre situação de trabalho e sintomas depressivos e sentimento de tristeza, mas não para o estresse percebido. A complexidade desses resultados destaca aspectos econômicos e nutricionais envolvidos nos desfechos em saúde mental.