BACKGROUND: Maintaining or promoting employment in the presence of disability or reducing the impact of disability on employability should be the adopted focus to decrease the negative impact that disability has on the economy and just as important on the livelihood and well-being of exposed insured individuals. Group risk disability insurance protects an employee's income when illness or injury result in work disability. To achieve this, factors that promote the success of rehabilitation and support for return-to-work of employees following illness and injury need to be understood from an insurance perspective. OBJECTIVES: To explore principles of disability claims management during the rehabilitation and work reintegration stage using a multi-stakeholder approach for the purpose of successful return to work. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative design was used to collect data via semi-structured interviews with 26 purposively selected participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Qualitative research was used to understand the necessary role players in the work reintegration process, factors that hinder and promote work reintegration and best practice principles for Disability Claims Management (DCM). RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the study; (i) role players and their functions with collaboration is integral to disability claims management, (ii) various factors promote and restrict return-to-work planning, and (iii) best practice principles in the DCM pathway that promote return-to-work. These principles include behavioural economics as the central principle, with resource identification and competency, governance, role engagement and education and awareness as supporting principles. CONCLUSION: Collaborative and integrated approaches by role players within a workers' family unit, health system, employer structure and insurance compensation are required for positive return-to-work outcomes. The various role players are responsible for creating policies, structures, intervention strategies, and environments that foster return-to-work. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE • An integrated approach is required for optimal RTW outcomes as employers' policies restrict work integration. • A collaborative approach by all role players involved in DCM, focusing on positive RTW outcomes is required in the RTW process • Occupational therapists can influence employer incapacity and disability policies in order to keep people employed and productive in the presence of medical conditions with the application of reasonable accommodations where necessary. • Occupational therapists are suitably positioned to outline workplace environment and other supports required to guide and support employees through rehabilitation and RTW and in ensuring that employees who can remain at work while on a partial or fully insured benefit, can engage optimally in aspects of work function.

SUMMARY Introduction: The food sector includes a reasonable number of workers involved. Empirically, there is no doubt that this sector has work areas that by their nature involve a series of risk factors that can affect the health. Knowing and cataloguing these, in order to be able to draw up a preventive plan, is essential for the health of the worker (and the entity that employs him). This article aims to gather the main occupational risk factors/occupational risks, occupational diseases and recommended protective measures at kitchen workers. Methodology: This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a search carried out in the Medline database (via Pubmed), carried out during the month of November 2023, encompassing articles (in Portuguese and English), with the keywords "kitchen worker" and "occupational" in the title, with no time limit. The risk analysis tool "Online interactive risk assessment" of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was used as a complement. Content: The main risk factors found are exposure to chemical agents (products used to clean facilities and/or fruit and vegetables, or by-products from cooking); ergonomic risks (maintained/forced postures; repetitive movements, manual handling of loads); accidents (falls at the same level or at different levels; handling of equipment/utensils that increase the risk of burns, cuts and/or amputations); contact with electrical equipment, noise, heat stress and psychosocial risks. The main occupational diseases refer to musculoskeletal, psychosocial or dermatological conditions. Each unit should, however, be evaluated individually, according to its intrinsic characteristics. Conclusions: The safety and health of kitchen workers are issues that deserve constant attention from employers, regulators and society at large. This article explored some of the main occupational hazards and listed the need for effective preventive measures. Reducing these risks is not only an ethical and legal responsibility, but a smart strategy to improve operational efficiency and quality of services, avoiding accidents, minimizing absenteeism, but also improving the productivity of companies. It would be pertinent to develop investigations that assess the national reality

RESUMO Introdução: O setor da alimentação coletiva inclui um número razoável de trabalhadores envolvidos. Empiricamente, não existem dúvidas de que este setor possui áreas de trabalho que pela sua natureza envolvem uma série de fatores de risco que podem afetar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Conhecer e catalogar os mesmos, de modo a poder elaborar um plano preventivo, é essencial para a saúde do trabalhador (e da entidade que o emprega). Este artigo objetiva reunir os principais fatores de risco/riscos ocupacionais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas. Metodologia: Trata-se de umaScoping Review, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada nas base de dados Medline (via Pubmed), realizada durante o mês de novembro de 2023, englobando artigos (em português e inglês), com as palavras-chave “kitchen worker” e “occupational” no título, sem limite temporal. Utilizou-se como complemento a ferramenta de análise de riscos “Online interactive risk assessment”, da Agência Europeia para a Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho. Conteúdo: Os principais fatores de risco encontrados são exposição a agentes químicos (produtos na higienização das instalações e/ou hortofrutícolas, ou subprodutos derivados da confeção); riscos ergonómicos (posturas mantidas/ forçadas; movimentos repetitivos, manuseamento manual de cargas); riscos de acidentes (quedas ao mesmo nível ou a níveis diferentes; manuseamento de equipamentos/utensílios que aumentem o risco de queimaduras, cortes e/ou amputações); contato com equipamentos elétricos, ruído, stress térmico e riscos psicossociais. As principais doenças profissionais referem-se a condições musculoesqueléticas, psicossociais ou dermatológicas. Cada unidade deverá, no entanto, ser avaliada individualmente, mediante as suas caraterísticas intrínsecas. Conclusões: A segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores das unidades de alimentação coletiva são questões que merecem atenção constante dos Empregadores, reguladores e da sociedade em geral. Este artigo explorou alguns dos principais riscos ocupacionais e listou a necessidade de medidas preventivas eficazes. A redução destes riscos não é apenas uma responsabilidade ética e legal, mas uma estratégia inteligente para melhorar a eficiência operacional e a qualidade dos serviços, evitando acidentes, minimizando o absentismo, mas também melhorando a produtividade das empresas. Seria pertinente desenvolver investigações que avaliassem a realidade nacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction Throughout their academic and professional careers, orchestral musicians are exposed to environments that exhibit varying levels of sound pressure, whether it be through individual work with their instrument or exposure to the sound emanating from the orchestral ensemble in which they are incorporated. Exposure to high sound levels can be potentially damaging to the instrumentalist's hearing health. Objectives Frame the risk and potential consequences associated with exposure to noise by professional orchestra musicians considering the most recent research; contextualize preventive measures described in the literature; and present a summary of preventive measures to be proposed to employers, musical teaching establishments and professional musicians. Methods Integrative literature review, using the Population, Exposure and Outcome strategy. The literature search was carried out in b-on platform and on the website of “Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online”, with 20 articles being selected after applying the criteria defined in accordance with the objective of the present review, for a research period between 2013 and 2023. Results The level of daily exposure to noise by an orchestra musician can vary between 79 dB(A) and 111 dB(A), whether during individual daily practice of the instrument, rehearsals, or live concerts. The characteristics of the musical instrument played by the musician can increase the risk of consequences associated with noise, as well as variables associated with the musical piece worked on and the place where the musician will perform. Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the consequences most cited in the literature. Constructive/engineering, organizational and individual protection measures have been applied, which present advantages but also some potential disadvantages to the performance of orchestra musicians. Conclusion It is important that occupational health professionals initiate early intervention with orchestra musicians and collaborate with cultural institutions to implement individual and collective protection measures that are appropriate to the level of exposure to noise by instrumentalists.

RESUMO Introdução Ao longo da sua formação académica e carreira profissional, o músico de orquestra encontra-se exposto a ambientes com variados níveis de pressão sonora, seja no âmbito do trabalho individual com o seu instrumento, como na exposição ao som emitido pelo grupo orquestral onde se encontra inserido. A exposição a níveis sonoros elevados pode ser potencialmente prejudicial à saúde auditiva do instrumentista. Objetivos Enquadrar o risco e potenciais consequências associadas à exposição ao ruído por músicos de orquestra profissional à luz da investigação mais recente, contextualizar as medidas preventivas descritas pela literatura e apresentar uma síntese das mesmas a propor às instituições culturais, estabelecimentos de ensino musical e músicos profissionais. Metodologia Revisão integrativa da literatura, com utilização da estratégia Population, Exposure e Outcome. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi executada na plataforma b-on e no website da Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional Online, tendo sido selecionados 20 artigos após a aplicação dos critérios definidos de acordo com o objetivo da presente revisão, para um espaço temporal de pesquisa entre 2013 e 2023. Resultados O nível de exposição diária a ruído por um músico de orquestra pode variar entre 79 dB(A) e 111 dB(A), seja durante a prática diária individual do instrumento, ensaios ou concertos ao vivo. As características do instrumento musical utilizado pelo músico pode incrementar o risco de consequências associadas ao ruído, assim como variáveis associadas à peça musical trabalhada e ao local onde o músico desempenhará a sua performance. A perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído é das consequências mais referenciadas pela literatura. Têm sido aplicadas medidas construtivas/engenharia, organizacionais e de proteção individual, as quais apresentam vantagens, mas também algumas potenciais desvantagens em relação ao desempenho. Conclusão Será relevante que os profissionais da saúde ocupacional intervenham precocemente junto dos músicos de orquestra, assim como colaborem com as instituições culturais na implementação das medidas de proteção individual e coletiva adequadas ao nível de exposição ao ruído.

Resumo O artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre o caminho percorrido desde o reconhecimento das competências genéricas como entidade independente, dada a sua transversalidade a qualquer área do conhecimento, das competências específicas a desenvolver por um profissional, estabelecendo a distinção de aquelas que os empregadores preferem na seleção de pessoal, por isso tem como objetivo socializar um estudo teórico sobre as competências genéricas que o setor trabalhista prioriza nos profissionais universitários que recebe. Para isso, foram utilizados métodos teóricos de pesquisa, como revisão bibliográfica, histórico-lógico, análise-síntese e indução-dedução, além de métodos empíricos, como análise documental, em conjunto com o gerenciador de código aberto JabRef, multiplataforma que opera sob o Formato BibText. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o guia de revisão bibliográfica e o guia de análise documental. Os principais resultados indicam que o domínio de competências genéricas pelos jovens profissionais que entram no mercado de trabalho é insuficiente, especialmente em nações com menos recursos. Conclui-se que é fundamental conseguir a inter-relação entre empregadores e academia para determinar as competências genéricas exigidas por cada setor e forma de propriedade, a fim de formar os profissionais necessários para o futuro imediato.

Abstract The article presents the results of a study on the path taken from the recognition of generic competencies as an entity independent of the specific competencies to be developed by a professional, given their transversal nature to any area of knowledge, establishing the distinction of those preferred by employers in the selection of personnel, so its objective is to socialize a theoretical study on the generic competencies prioritized by the labor sector in the university professionals it receives. For this purpose, theoretical research methods such as literature review, historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction were used, as well as empirical methods such as documentary analysis, together with the open code manager JabRef, multiplatform that operates under the BibText format. The bibliographic review guide and the documentary analysis guide were used as instruments. The main results indicate that the mastery of generic competencies by young professionals entering the labor market is insufficient, especially in nations with fewer resources. It is concluded that it is essential to achieve the interrelation between employers and academia to determine the generic competencies required by each sector and type of property, in order to train the professionals needed in the immediate future.

Resumen El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio acerca del camino transitado desde el reconocimiento de las competencias genéricas como una entidad independiente de las competencias específicas a desarrollar por un profesional, dado su carácter transversal a cualquier área del conocimiento, estableciendo la distinción de aquellas que prefieren los empleadores en la selección del personal, por lo que su objetivo es socializar un estudio teórico sobre las competencias genéricas que prioriza el sector laboral en los profesionales universitarios que recibe. Para ello se emplearon métodos de la investigación teórica como el de revisión bibliográfica, el histórico-lógico, el análisis-síntesis y la inducción-deducción, así como métodos empíricos como el análisis documental, unidos al gestor de código abierto JabRef, multiplataforma que opera bajo el formato BibText. Como instrumentos se emplearon la Guía de revisión bibliográfica y la Guía de análisis documental. Los principales resultados indican que es insuficiente el dominio de competencias genéricas por los jóvenes profesionales que acceden al mercado laboral, especialmente en las naciones con menos recursos. Se concluye que es imprescindible el logro de la interrelación entre los empleadores y la academia para la determinación de las competencias genéricas requeridas por cada sector y tipo de propiedad, a fin de formar los profesionales que necesita el futuro inmediato.

Abstract The growing interest in expanding and improving Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Costa Rica is becoming increasingly evident. Therefore, different institutions, including the Institute for Research in Education (INIE) of the University of Costa Rica, have promoted research in this area. The present exploration aims to identify, among other aspects, the essential knowledge that future professionals who pursue a master's degree in technical education with an emphasis on pedagogical mediation must possess. This degree arises as a need in the educational context in which teachers who teach classes in different TVET institutions must reinforce their knowledge and skills around the teaching-learning process, focusing on competency-based education. This predominantly qualitative mixed research took place between 2020 and 2022. It is oriented towards the analysis of the TVET requirements that teachers have, to determine the essential knowledge that characterizes the professional academic profile in this field. A documentary review, interviews, questionnaires and focus groups were used with key TVET actors (teachers from the Ministry of Public Education and the National Learning Institute, employers in these sectors, directors or people in charge of TVET study programs, specifically, from the Technological Institute of Costa Rica (TEC) and the National Technical University (UTN), and experts in the field of TVET). Six interviews and 326 questionnaires were applied, in addition to several focus group sessions. According to the results obtained, it is determined that the main knowledge and skills must focus on the technical specialty they teach, on the implementation of information and communication technologies that enrich the educational process, on taking into account the work environment in which students may be inserted later to prepare them in the best way, considering, among other aspects, the development of soft skills, as well as the adequate implementation of a competency-based approach. Furthermore, with respect to knowing how to be and live together, a series of attitudes and values are established that teachers in charge of TVET must develop and show. It is concluded that the TVET teacher requires a complex professional profile that includes different knowledge that must be constantly reflected and updated.

Resumen El interés cada vez mayor por ampliar y mejorar la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional (EFTP) en Costa Rica se hace cada vez más evidente. Por lo tanto, diferentes instituciones, entre ellas, el Instituto de Investigación en Educación (INIE) de la Universidad de Costa Rica han fomentado la investigación en esta área. La presente exploración pretende identificar, entre otros aspectos, los saberes esenciales que deben poseer los futuros profesionales que cursen una maestría en educación técnica con énfasis en mediación pedagógica. Dicho grado surge como una necesidad del contexto educativo en el que las personas docentes que imparten clases en las diferentes instituciones de EFTP deben reforzar sus conocimientos y habilidades en torno al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, para enfocarse en la educación por competencias. La presente investigación de carácter mixto, predominantemente, cualitativo se realizó entre los años 2020 y 2022, está orientada hacia el análisis de los requerimientos en EFTP que tienen las personas docentes, para determinar los saberes esenciales que caracterizan el perfil académico profesional en este ámbito. Se recurrió a revisión documental, entrevistas, cuestionarios y grupos focales con actores claves de la EFTP (personas docentes del Ministerio de Educación Pública y del Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje, empleadores de estos sectores, personas directoras o encargadas de programas de estudio en EFTP, específicamente, del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica y la Universidad Técnica Nacional, y personas expertas en el campo de la EFTP). Se aplicaron seis entrevistas y 326 cuestionarios, además de varias sesiones de grupo focal. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se determinan que los principales conocimientos y habilidades (saber conocer y saber hacer) deben centrarse en la especialidad técnica que imparten, en la implementación de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación que enriquezcan el proceso educativo, para que se tome en cuenta el entorno laboral en el cual podrán insertarse, posteriormente, las personas estudiantes para prepararlos de la mejor manera, considerando, entre otros aspectos, fundamentalmente, el desarrollo de las habilidades blandas, así como también en la adecuada puesta en práctica de un enfoque por competencias. Además, con respecto al saber ser y convivir, se establecen una serie de actitudes y valores que deben desarrollar y mostrar las personas docentes encargadas de la EFTP. Se concluye que la persona docente en EFTP requiere de un perfil profesional complejo en el que se incluyen diferentes saberes que deben ser, constantemente, reflexionados y actualizados.

INTRODUCTION: The Work Ability Screening Profile (WASP) was conceptualised and developed by occupational therapists at the University of Durban Westville to provide a basic vocational screening assessment. Its purpose was to screen competence in generic work skills which reflected performance in activities essential to workplace participation relevant to the South African context. The assessment was revised in 2005 and renamed the WASP II. It was decided this screening assessment tool would be continuously reviewed using action research with clinicians involved in the ongoing evaluation so ensure validity and reliability for the population with which it is used. This study considered the clinical evaluation, useability and utility of the WASP II in order to inform further revision. METHOD: A cross sectional survey was used to gather data from 70 occupational therapy clinicians familiar with or using the WASP II in clinical practice. RESULTS: A sample of 70 respondents indicated the WASP II was suitable to assess current work ability and production speed with a variety of clients with physical and mental health dysfunction. Ten of the 12 subtests were used by at least 40% of the time by the 28 respondents who used the WASP II frequently. These respondents reported good to adequate useability in terms of cost, sensitivity to clients' educational level and ease of understanding instructions, incorporation into clinical practice contexts while supporting clinical reasoning and judgement. The accommodation of clients' language and provision of standard scores were indicated as inadequate. Utility was considered adequate for all aspects including discrimination of moderate to severe dysfunction, informing the choice of other assessmentsas well as supporting vocational rehabilitation intervention. The WASP II outcomes were also understood by other service providers, employers, referring parties as well asclients. CONCLUSION: While the WASP II was considered appropriate for use in the South African context and has adequate useability and utility, some subtests need to be updated and revised in terms of the standard times and content validity for current practice in the work environment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The WASP II has useability • aligned with generic work skills of acquiring information or following directions numeracy, conveying information and written communication • for with those with work experience and with scholars and students yet to enter the workplace The WASP II has utility in relation to • cost and clients' educational levels • detailed instructions on the task layout but some standardisation needs to be interpreted with care • sensitivity to all aspects of assessment of generic work skills, except discrimination of mild dysfunction

This research explores the employability of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college graduates in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) era in South Africa. It examines the role of TVET lecturers in providing skills that are relevant to the contemporary period. The study uses qualitative research inspired by the interpretivist approach, and a purposive sampling strategy to get the perspectives of TVET lecturers and employers. It was observed that TVET lecturers play a minimal role in the development of the curriculum due to a rigid top-down approach from the Ministry of Higher Education. Companies are forming partnerships with TVET colleges by offering places for in-service training, practicals and internships. The study reveals that South African businesses have adopted 4IR-related technologies, requiring a skilled TVET force that is ready for these transformations. The findings highlight the need for regular curriculum transformation and the importance of TVET education in producing artisans, technologists and technicians that are vital for the South African economy on an ongoing basis.

BACKGROUND. The Catholic University of Health and Allied Health Sciences, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences teamed up to address gaps in the training curricula for medical doctors and nurses with the aim of developing harmonised curricular templates that would be comprehensive and suit national objectives. OBJECTIVES. To share experiences and lessons learned in engaging stakeholders using social media as an additional method to collect information on curricular gaps and ideas to develop harmonised medical and nursing curricula. METHODS. Pictures, newsprint extracts, and videos of face-to-face events in the curriculum development process and project and a curriculum advert were posted on Facebook, Twitter and YouTube and used to engage stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, health professional councils, graduates, students, practitioners, health training institutions, private and public employers, internship supervisors, faculty and the public. Reactions, comments and post insights from stakeholder postings, in both Swahili and English, were analysed manually and categorised into four types of messages: congratulatory, comments on the process and expected outcomes, curricular gaps, and faculty development needs to implement new curricula. RESULTS. A total of 69 290 stakeholders were engaged via Facebook and 229 via Twitter. A total of 13 553 (19.6%) Facebook and 179 (78.2%) Twitter comments were directly related to gaps in current curricula and graduate competencies. Other inputs received through social media were on faculty development needs to implement harmonised curricula and the project in general. CONCLUSION. This was the first attempt to engage curriculum stakeholders using social media for the development of harmonised curricula in Tanzania. The impact of social media in providing relevant inputs for curriculum development was significant. Use of social media, with multiple language options, is an economical and efficient way to reach a large number of stakeholders for curriculum quality improvement.

Abstract This article proposes a reflection on the increasing trend of integrating leisure spaces into work environments. It begins with the hypothesis that such spaces constitute a form of appropriation, by employers, of their employees' non-working time. The conceptual references primarily stem from the notions of Disciplinary Society (Foucault), involving the idea of docile bodies shaped by surveillance, and Performance Society (Han), demonstrating how the experience within these spaces that exploit employees' free time can easily be mistaken for a sense of freedom. The article concludes by highlighting the worker’s active participation in their own exploitation and pointing out the need to discuss the psychosocial implications arising from this rapidly expanding practice within contemporary capitalism. environments appropriation employers employees nonworking non working Foucault, Foucault , (Foucault) surveillance Han, Han (Han) freedom workers worker s capitalism (Foucault (Han

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a crescente inserção de espaços de lazer em ambientes de trabalho. Parte-se da hipótese de que esses espaços constituem uma forma de apropriação, por parte do empregador, do tempo de não trabalho de seus empregados. As referências conceituais vêm, principalmente, das noções de “Sociedade disciplinar” (Foucault), com a ideia de corpos dóceis conformados pela vigilância, e de “Sociedade de desempenho” (Han), mostrando como a vivência nesses espaços de exploração do tempo livre dos empregados pode ser facilmente confundida com uma experiência de liberdade. Conclui-se assinalando a participação ativa do trabalhador na sua própria exploração e apontando a necessidade de discutir as implicações psicossociais advindas dessa prática em franca expansão no capitalismo contemporâneo. Partese Parte se apropriação empregador vêm principalmente Sociedade disciplinar Foucault, Foucault , (Foucault) vigilância desempenho Han, Han (Han) liberdade Concluise Conclui contemporâneo (Foucault (Han

In South Africa, consumption of cannabis was a criminal offence in past decades. However, in September 2018, the Constitutional Court judgment in the Prince case decriminalised the private consumption of cannabis. Although the judgment was welcomed by many South Africans, including employees, its interpretation and implementation has been marred by legal ambiguity. The Constitutional Court did not prescribe how employers should manage and regulate the private consumption of cannabis in relation to the workplace. In order to maintain workplace safety, a majority of employers have adopted and enforced a zero-tolerance policy on alcohol, drugs and substance abuse. A majority of employers have relied on urinalysis testing to detect cannabis in the workplace. Some employees, after testing positive for cannabis, have been dismissed for contravening their employer's zero-tolerance policy, without conclusive evidence of impairment. This thorny issue is explored in this article. First, it seeks to examine whether merely testing positive for cannabis is sufficient to prove intoxication that may result in an employee's impairment. Secondly, the question is whether urinalysis testing precisely determines whether an employee cannot function and perform their duties normally.

Resumen El artículo analiza el nuevo enfoque político-ideológico de los dueños de usinas en la zona cañera del Noreste, que abarca los tres principales estados productores de la región: Alagoas, Pernambuco y Paraíba. El argumento central es que este segmento tradicional de las clases dominantes ha experimentado cambios significativos en las dos últimas décadas, lo que ha resultado en una expansión de su composición interna y su adaptación a la dinámica del agro-negocio. Como resultado, han moldeado una nueva retórica de legitimación basada en la defensa del monocultivo de la caña de azúcar como un negocio agro-social, recurriendo a conceptos como la sostenibilidad y la responsabilidad socioambiental. Los límites y contradicciones de este discurso se problematizan a la luz de los conflictos de clase y la dimensión económica y político-ideológica que contienen, lo que explica por qué los dueños de usinas, a través de sus instancias de representación, buscan legitimidad social para el pleno ejercicio de su actividad. La metodología empleada incluyó el análisis de documentos de sindicatos y asociaciones patronales, así como la interacción con artículos periodísticos relacionados con el tema. políticoideológico político ideológico Noreste región Alagoas Paraíba décadas agronegocio. agronegocio agro negocio. agro-negocio agrosocial, agrosocial social, agro-social socioambiental políticoideológica ideológica contienen representación actividad patronales tema

Abstract The article examines the new political-ideological face of sugarcane plantation owners in the Northeastern sugarcane region, encompassing the three main producing states of the region: Alagoas, Pernambuco, and Paraíba. The central argument is that this traditional segment of the ruling classes has undergone significant changes in the past two decades, resulting in an expansion of its internal composition and its accommodation to the dynamics of agribusiness. Consequently, they have crafted a new rhetoric of legitimation, grounded in the defense of sugarcane monoculture as an agro-social business, drawing on concepts such as sustainability and socio-environmental responsibility. The limitations and contradictions of this discourse are scrutinized in the context of class conflicts and the economic and ideological dimensions contained therein, which explain why sugarcane plantation owners, through their representative bodies, seek social legitimacy for the full exercise of their activities. The methodology employed involved the analysis of documents from trade unions and employers' associations, as well as engagement with relevant newspaper articles on the subject. politicalideological political region Alagoas Pernambuco Paraíba decades agribusiness Consequently legitimation agrosocial agro business socioenvironmental socio environmental responsibility therein bodies activities employers associations subject

Resumo O artigo analisa a nova face político-ideológica dos usineiros da zona da cana nordestina, formada pelos três principais estados produtores da região: Alagoas, Pernambuco e Paraíba. O argumento central é que esse tradicional segmento das classes dominantes passou por mudanças significativas nas duas últimas décadas, resultando em uma ampliação de sua composição interna e sua acomodação à dinâmica do agronegócio. Assim, moldaram uma nova retórica de legitimação, baseada na defesa do monocultivo da cana-de-açúcar como um negócio agro-social, recorrendo a noções como sustentabilidade e responsabilidade socioambiental. Os limites e as contradições desse discurso são problematizados à luz dos conflitos de classe e da dimensão econômica e político-ideológica neles contida, capazes de explicar as razões pelas quais os usineiros, através de suas instâncias de representação, buscam legitimidade social para o pleno exercício da atividade que praticam. A metodologia utilizada se concentrou na análise da retórica patronal, recorrendo à interlocução com documentos originários de sindicatos e associações de usineiros e artigos jornalísticos diretamente relacionados ao assunto. políticoideológica político ideológica nordestina região Alagoas Paraíba décadas agronegócio Assim legitimação canadeaçúcar açúcar agrosocial, agrosocial agro social, agro-social socioambiental contida representação praticam patronal assunto

Abstract Although Mexican law provides norms that protect gender equality, actual gender equality has not yet been achieved, as shown by the so-called “salary gap,” which states that a woman in Mexico must work 51 days more than a man to earn the same. The objective of this paper is to show that the mere promulgation of regulations or the threat of sanctions for non-compliance does not necessarily lead to an immediate change in social reality, but rather that it is necessary for the state to take other measures that go beyond the creation of laws and penalties. In other words, it must work toward premium law. Through an analytical, historical, descriptive and comparative law study, it will be concluded that the public measures reviewed in our country on this matter are still insufficient, since gender inequality prevails, contrary to the constitutional and legal design that propagates the opposite, namely: equality. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a different type of measures that encourage employers to balance the working conditions and situations in companies so as to achieve the desired equality, such as: Tax incentives, credit incentives, requiring employment quotas, gender equality in hiring, or awarding badges that indicate egalitarian industries, among others.

Resumen Si bien es cierto que el Derecho mexicano contempla normas protectoras de la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, aún no se consigue una igualdad sustantiva de género, lo cual se demuestra con la denominada “brecha salarial”, que implica que una mujer en México tiene que trabajar 51 días más que un hombre para ganar lo mismo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evidenciar que la simple enunciación normativa o la amenaza de sanción ante el incumplimiento, no conduce necesariamente a un cambio inmediato de la realidad social, sino que es necesario que el Estado tome otra especie de acciones, más allá de la producción de leyes y el castigo. O sea, dirigirse hacia un derecho premial. A través de un estudio analítico, histórico, descriptivo y de derecho comparado, se llegará a la conclusión de que las políticas públicas que en esta materia se han verificado en nuestro país, aun son insuficientes, pues impera la desigualdad de género, contrario al diseño constitucional y legal que propugna por lo contrario; a saber: la igualdad. En esa virtud, se impone sugerir otra especie de medidas que incentiven a los empleadores a equilibrar en las empresas las condiciones y situaciones laborales que conduzcan a la igualdad deseada, como pudiesen ser: los beneficios fiscales, las ventajas crediticias, la exigencia de cuotas de género en la contratación o el otorgamiento de distintivos que destaquen a las industrias igualitarias, entre otros.

Persons with disabiliites are a historically marginalised minority, but they do possess the capacity to make a valuable contribution in the workplace. Disabilty in no way dimisses the right of individuals to be employed and to make a contribution to the labour market and the economy at large. Recent case law suggests that the duty to reasonably accommodate disabled respondents remains a conundrum for both respondents and employers in South Africa. In Legal Aid South Africa v Jansen 2020 41 ILJ 2580 (LAC) the Labour Appeal Court (LAC) overturned a judgment by the Labour Court that found that Legal Aid unfairly discriminated against a respondent with depression. In 2018, the Labour Court ordered Legal Aid to reinstate Mr Jansen in that it had acted unfairly as his depression was most likely the true cause for his misconduct. On appeal, the LAC emphasised that in order to prove automatic unfair dismissal an applicant must prove both factual and legal causation. The LAC further found that the most dominant reason for Mr Jansen's dismissal was his misconduct and not his depression. Nonetheless, the LAC emphasised that depression is a prevalent illness in the current work environment and that all employers have a duty to deal with depression in a sympathetic manner and were reminded of their obligation to investigate the disability fully, to consider reasonable accommodation and to consider alternatives short of dismissal. Respondents were also reminded of the fact that they need to co-operate with their employers. Whilst South Africa has made significant progress in enacting legislation, codes, and guidelines to lay the foundation for reasonable accommodation, role-players, with specific reference to employers and the judiciary, often overlook these detailed guidelines, especially in cases where the employee suffers from depression. Disabilty is often used interchangeably with incapacity, which is problematic. This article argues that employers should follow a broad interpretation of the guidelines contained in the Code of Good Practice: Key Aspects on the Employment of People with Disabilities (2002), as well as the Technical Assistance Guidelines. Multi-party consultations and investigations need to be conducted, with the assistance of experts, if needs be. It is further suggested that until South Africa has targeted legislation and policies which make disability management functions mandatory, reasonable accommodation will remain a conundrum.

Resumen El principal objetivo de esta investigación es identificar las principales políticas públicas de turismo en Mozambique y reflexionar sobre su papel y aplicabilidad en la reducción de la pobreza en comunidades vulnerables, esencialmente pretende entender cómo se implementan y cuál es el nivel de aplicabilidad. Metodológicamente se aplicó la investigación bibliográfica y documental; esta es una investigación cualitativa y para el análisis de datos optamos por el análisis de contenido para abarcar el contenido presentado en las diversas fuentes que representan las políticas públicas de turismo y su papel en el alivio de la pobreza y la promoción del desarrollo. A partir del relevamiento realizado se identificaron las principales políticas públicas, entre ellas la Ley de Turismo, la política turística y el Plan Estratégico para el desarrollo del turismo (1° y 2°). Respecto a las políticas consultadas cabe decir que Mozambique cuenta con buenas políticas públicas y los principales la adoptan como un factor para aliviar la pobreza y promover el desarrollo, sin embargo hay poca evidencia empírica de que estos objetivos se estén implementando a gran escala y de manera efectiva. ya que el proceso participativo y la participación de las comunidades locales en su diseño e implementación deja mucho que desear. También se cuestiona la calidad de los empleos en el sector, así como su sostenibilidad, ya que son empleos muy estacionales y muchas veces no tienen vínculo legal con los empleadores. vulnerables documental Turismo 1° 1 (1 2°. 2 2° . 2°) efectiva desear sector sostenibilidad empleadores (

Abstract The main aim of this research is to identify the main tourism public policies in Mozambique and to reflect on their role and applicability in reducing poverty in vulnerable communities, essentially to understand how they are implemented and what their level of applicability is. Methodologically, bibliographical and documentary research was applied; this is qualitative research and for data analysis we opted for content analysis to encompass the content presented in the various sources that represent tourism public policies and their role in alleviating poverty and promoting development. The main public policies analyzed were the Tourism Law, Tourism Policy and the Strategic Plan for Tourism Development (1st and 2nd). Regarding the policies consulted, it can be said that Mozambique has good public policies and the main ones adopt tourism as a factor in alleviating poverty and promoting development, but there is little empirical evidence that these objectives are being implemented on a large scale and effectively, as the participatory process and involvement of local communities in their design and implementation leaves something to be desired. There are also questions about the quality of jobs in the sector and their sustainability, given that they are very seasonal and often not legally linked to their employers. Methodologically applied development Law 1st st 2nd. 2nd nd . 2nd) consulted effectively desired sustainability employers

Resumo O principal objetivo desta pesquisa é levantar as principais políticas públicas do turismo em Moçambique e refletir sobre o seu papel e aplicabilidade na redução da pobreza das comunidades vulneráveis, visa essencialmente perceber como são implementadas e qual é o nível de aplicabilidade. Metodologicamente, foi aplicada a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e para a análise dos dados optou-se pela análise do conteúdo para abarcar os conteúdos apresentados nas diversas fontes que representam as políticas públicas do turismo e o seu papel no alívio da pobreza e promoção do desenvolvimento. Do levantamento feito, foram apuradas as principais políticas públicas, e delas destacam-se a Lei do turismo, política do turismo e o Plano estratégico para o desenvolvimento do turismo (1o e 2o). Sobre as políticas consultadas, diga-se que Moçambique tem boas políticas públicas e das principais adotam-no como fator de alívio da pobreza e promoção do desenvolvimento, todavia há poucas evidências empíricas de que estes objetivos estejam sendo implementadas em grande escala e com eficácia, pois o processo participativo e envolvimento das comunidades locais na sua concepção e implementação deixa a desejar. Questiona-se igualmente, a qualidade dos empregos do setor bem como a sua sustentabilidade, uma vez que são empregos bastante sazonais e muitas das vezes sem vínculo legal com os empregadores. vulneráveis Metodologicamente documental tratase trata se optouse optou feito destacamse destacam 1o 2o. 2o . 2o) consultadas digase diga adotamno adotam eficácia desejar Questionase Questiona igualmente sustentabilidade empregadores

Abstract: The flexible work arrangements (FWA) have been crucial during the last year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The accelerated implementation of these measures has advantages and risks, and they are worth studying since they can increase vulnerability. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects that the FWA have on levels of job stress, job insecurity, and job satisfaction, considering that some of them are oriented to employers, and others, to employees. Additionally, it was sought to identify if these measures affect people differently according to age, gender, education degree, and type of organization. To achieve this, a telephone survey was applied to a national probabilistic sample (N=748). Results showed that FWAs oriented to employees, such as flexible scheduling, were positively related to job satisfaction and negatively to job stress and job insecurity. On the contrary, FWA oriented to employers, such as the suspension of the contract and reduction of salary, were associated with greater job insecurity and job stress, and lower job satisfaction. Moderations were observed for sociodemographic variables. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

Resumen: Los arreglos laborales flexibles (FWA) han sido algo esencial durante este último tiempo por la pandemia del COVID-19. La implementación acelerada de estas medidas tiene ventajas y riesgos que es pertinente analizar, pues pueden aumentar la vulnerabilidad laboral. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los efectos que tienen los FWA en los niveles de estrés, inseguridad y satisfacción laboral, considerando que algunos se orientan al empleador y otros a los empleados. Adicionalmente, se buscó identificar si estas medidas afectan de forma distinta a las personas según edad, sexo, escolaridad y tipo de organización (estatal o privada). Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta telefónica a una muestra probabilística de adultos a nivel nacional de Chile, participando 748 trabajadores dependientes. Se pudo identificar que el FWA orientado al trabajador, la flexibilidad de horario, se asoció positivamente con satisfacción laboral y negativamente con estrés e inseguridad. Por el contrario, medidas que se orientan al empleador, como la suspensión de contrato y reducción de sueldo, se asociaron a mayor inseguridad y estrés y menor satisfacción laboral. Adicionalmente, la medida de reducción de jornada no tuvo relación con inseguridad y estrés, pero si una relación positiva con satisfacción laboral. La relación negativa entre flexibilidad horaria e inseguridad laboral fue mayor para los trabajadores jóvenes; la relación entre teletrabajo parcial e inseguridad laboral fue positiva para los jóvenes y negativa para los mayores y la relación positiva entre teletrabajo parcial y estrés laboral fue mayor en los que tienen un nivel educativo alto. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de los resultados obtenidos.