Abstract: Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts

Resumen: Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, distintas investigaciones en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo se aborda el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente: su objetivo es identificar prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes asociadas a las diferencias de desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. No se busca comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Se realizó para ello un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también evidenció que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados aportan al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos desfavorecidos, al indicar algunas condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica

Resumo: Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica

Abstract The socio-emotional skills (SES), as a multidimensional construct, contains different variables, cognitive and behavioral, which can be cognitive and enhanced. Mediation is a self-compositional method of conflict resolution that has the mediator as a third-party facilitator to provide a climate of pacification and mutual respect between the controversial parties. That, the use of professional socio-moral skills central role for writing for these mediation gains. The present study aimed to understand the use of socio-emotional skills by the media, contributing to self-composition. As for the method, it is an exploratory research, qualitative and field procedure, in which 5 (five professionals) mediators participated. Data were analyzed through a semi-structured interview using the IRaMuTeQ software. The results demonstrated how the SES of the mediators contribute to self-composition, in the sphere of emotional intelligence for self-awareness and self-control, and in the category of social skills for empathy and affective approach. socioemotional socio SES, , (SES) construct variables behavioral enhanced selfcompositional self compositional thirdparty third party parties That sociomoral moral gains media selfcomposition. selfcomposition composition. composition self-composition research procedure five professionals participated semistructured semi structured software selfcomposition, composition, selfawareness awareness selfcontrol, selfcontrol control, control self-control approach (SES

Resumo As habilidades socioemocionais (HSE) formam um constructo multidimensional, do qual contém variáveis emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais, que podem ser desenvolvidas e aprimoradas. A mediação é um método autocompositivo de solução de conflitos que tem o mediador como terceiro facilitador para proporcionar um clima de pacificação e respeito mútuo entre as partes controversas. Por isso, a utilização das habilidades socioemocionais por esses profissionais ganha papel central para a efetividade da mediação. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender como a utilização das habilidades socioemocionais pelos mediadores contribui para a autocomposição. Quanto ao método, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e de campo, tendo participado 5 (cinco) profissionais mediadores. Os dados foram coletados por uma entrevista semiestruturada, no formato remoto, e foram analisados pela Análise Lexicométrica através software IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados demonstraram como as HSE dos mediadores contribuem para a autocomposição, na esfera da inteligência emocional pela autoconsciência e autocontrole, e na categoria das habilidades sociais pela empatia e abordagem afetiva. (HSE multidimensional emocionais comportamentais aprimoradas controversas isso assim autocomposição tratase trata se exploratória campo cinco (cinco semiestruturada remoto IRaMuTeQ autocontrole afetiva

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem. Its most serious manifestation, chronic kidney failure, affects the Cuban context and determines the growth of patients on hemodialysis. The objective of the text is to evaluate the main results of the diagnosis and characterization of the problematic situation in a psychosocial study with patients with Chronic Renal Failure in the Hemodialysis room of the Florida municipality, of the county of Camagüey. Method: It is an experimental participatory action research, which takes place between January 2023 and December 2024, which constitutes the output of the research project System of psychosocial actions for the improvement of comprehensive care for patients with non-communicable diseases. The universe is made up of 56 patients and the sample is made up of 22, who receive purifying and conservative treatment, 22 family members and 12 service professionals. The research instrument par excellence was the participant survey. Results: The age of the patients is not definitive of an age group; men predominate; A high percentage of patients are found to have low tolerance for adherence to treatment and insufficient development of psychosocial skills and declare the need to possess knowledge to achieve health states that lead to survival. Discussion: There is no coincidence with what was found in the determination of the prevalence age groups for the disease, but specialists insist that the disease is not exclusive to a specific period of life; recognize the importance of the patient's knowledge of risk factors for prevention, promotion and health education and highlight the need for communication and empathy between health personnel and the patient, to achieve favorable results and emotional states in the face of the disease and treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud a nivel mundial, su manifestación más grave, la insuficiencia renal crónica, incide en el contexto cubano y determina el crecimiento de pacientes en hemodiálisis. El objetivo del texto es valorar los principales resultados del diagnóstico y caracterización de la situación problémica en un estudio de carácter psicosocial con pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en la sala de Hemodiálisis del municipio Florida, de la provincia de Camagüey. Método: Es una investigación-acción participativa de corte experimental, que se desarrolla entre enero 2023 y diciembre del 2024 la cual constituye salida del proyecto de investigación Sistema de acciones psicosociales para el perfeccionamiento de la atención integral a los pacientes con enfermedades no transmisibles. El universo está constituido por 56 pacientes y la muestra por 22, que reciben tratamiento depurador y conservador, 22 familiares y 12 profesionales del servicio. El instrumento de investigación por excelencia fue la encuesta a participantes. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes no es definitiva de un grupo etario; predominan los hombres; se constata un elevado por ciento de pacientes con poca tolerancia a la adherencia al tratamiento e insuficiente desarrollo de las habilidades psicosociales y declaran la necesidad de poseer conocimientos para lograr estados de salud que conlleven a la sobrevida. Discusión: No existe coincidencia con lo constatado en la determinación de los grupos etarios de prevalencia para la enfermedad, pero los especialistas insisten en que la enfermedad no es privativa de un período de vida específico; reconocen la importancia del conocimiento de los factores de riesgo por el paciente para la prevención, promoción y educación en salud y resaltan la necesidad de la comunicación y la empatía entre el personal de salud y el paciente, para lograr resultados y estados emocionales favorables ante la enfermedad y el tratamiento.

Resumen El fandom de K-pop es un fenómeno global que se ha identificado como un grupo que muestra preocupación y empatía por valores universales. En América Latina, incluyendo Chile, la participación del fandom de K-pop en movimientos sociopolíticos ha ido en aumento. Este artículo busca determinar la influencia del fandom de K-pop en el fortalecimiento de la ciudadanía global. La investigación se enfoca en la influencia del fandom en los movimientos sociopolíticos, destacando el activismo y el fandom participativo en América Latina a través del caso de Kpopers por Boric en Chile. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos. Por una parte, busca determinar de qué forma influyó el fandom de K-pop en los fanáticos para que asumieran un rol sociopolítico activo, es decir, determinar si la pertenencia al fandom influyó en los fans, fortaleciendo así el concepto de ciudadanía global. El segundo objetivo es analizar cómo los fans asumieron ese rol activo en Chile. Utilizamos una metodología cualitativa, empleando como herramientas un cuestionario y entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas. Se concluye que, gracias a los movimientos de su activismo participativo, el fandom de K-pop fortalece la ciudadanía global como consecuencia de la incorporación de sus elementos (dignidad humana y el respeto por los derechos humanos), conformando una K-global citizenship.

Abstract K-pop fandom is a global phenomenon that has been identified as a group that shows concern and empathy for universal values. In Latin America, including Chile, K-pop fandom’s participation in socio-political movements has been increasing. This article seeks to determine the influence of K-pop fandom in strengthening global citizenship. Specifically, this research focuses on the influence of fandom in socio-political movements, highlighting activism and participatory fandom in Latin America through the case of Kpopers for Boric in Chile. This article has two objectives. On the one hand, it seeks to determine how K-pop fandom influenced fans to take an active socio-political role, that is, to determine whether membership of the fandom influenced fans, thus strengthening the concept of global citizenship. The second objective is to analyze how fans assumed this active role in Chile. We used a qualitative methodology, employing a questionnaire and semistructured in-depth interviews as methodological tools. We conclude that thanks to its participatory activism movements, K-pop fandom strengthens global citizenship because of the incorporation of its elements (human dignity and respect for human rights), shaping a K-global citizenship.

Abstract In March 1913, Armando de Almeida won the "Semana Desportiva" (Sports Week) marathon organised by the newspaper O Mundo. In May of the same year, he repeated the feat by winning the marathon at the National Olympic Games, then the most important athletics competition in the country. For these victories, he is considered the national marathon champion for 1913 by the Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo (Portuguese Athletics Federation). It is worth noting that the Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo only formally existed in 1921. Against the backdrop of significant political and social upheaval and within an elitist and largely unstructured ecosystem, Armando de Almeida stood out among the core group of athletes participating in these new forms of leisure and mass cultural demonstrations - long-distance pedestrian races. His active involvement in the running culture of the metropolis coincided with the emergence and growth of the Black movement (1911-1933) - which pioneered political activism against racism in Portugal. This text delves into the recovery of photographs and narratives from the early days of Portuguese athletics, aiming to biograph Armando de Almeida. Through an exercise of empathy and activism, it contributes to the debate, counteracting historical oversights and invisibilities. Additionally, it attempts to reconstruct the connections between the athlete's emancipatory endeavours and the organisation of political and social movements during the turbulent period of the First Republic. Set in the capital of a colonial empire with a notable presence of people of African descent, it explores this centuries-old historical phenomenon.

Resumo Em março de 1913, Armando de Almeida venceu a maratona da “Semana Desportiva” do jornal O Mundo. Em maio do mesmo ano repetiu a proeza ao vencer a maratona dos Jogos Olímpicos Nacionais, na altura, a mais importante competição de atletismo no país. Por essas vitórias, é considerado o campeão nacional da maratona para o ano de 1913 pela Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo. Recordemos que a Federação Portuguesa de Atletismo só existe formalmente desde 1921. É, conjuntamente, num contexto de grande perturbação político-social e num ecossistema elitista, programaticamente desestruturado, que Armando de Almeida se destaca do grupo matricial de atletas que tomavam parte nestas novas formas de lazer e demonstrações de cultura de massas - as corridas pedestres de longa distância. A sua presença ativa na cultura de corrida da metrópole é contemporânea com a origem e constituição do movimento negro (1911-1933) - pioneiro no combate político antirracista em Portugal. Neste texto, que tem como ponto de partida o resgate de fotografias e narrativas dos primórdios da história e da memória do atletismo português, procuramos biografar Armando de Almeida, num exercício simultâneo de empatia e militância como contributo para o debate, contrariando invisibilidades consequentes de negligências historiográficas. Tentamos, também, reconstituir a possibilidade de articulação entre os percursos emancipatórios do atleta com a organização de movimentos políticos e sociais no tumultuoso momento histórico da Primeira República, numa capital de império colonial, com expressiva presença de pessoas afrodescendentes, esse fenómeno histórico plurissecular.

RESUMEN El apoyo social es una dimensión esencial para romper las dificultades de participación social de los estudiantes con discapacidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la perspectiva de estudiantes con incapacidad auditiva, visual, física o motora y dificultades específicas de aprendizaje sobre lo que consideran suporte social. Con este fin, se desenrolló un estudio cualitativo con 15 estudiantes de 3.º a 12.º grado (8 a 18 años de edad). Las entrevistas semiestructuradas fueron analizadas a partir de categorías previamente definidas; de los datos surgieron subcategorías. Los estudiantes valoraron la disponibilidad de sus compañeros y maestros para apoyarlos e involucrarlos en las actividades de clase y la expresión de empatía y cuidado. También se refirieron a situaciones de rechazo y exclusión. El artículo discute condiciones que favorecen el conocimiento del otro y una cultura de suporte social recíproco, esencial para facilitar la participación social.

ABSTRACT Social support is essential for overcoming the difficulties that students with special educational needs face in interacting with peers. The goal of the study was to explore the perspective of students presenting with hearing, visual and physical or motor deficiencies and specific learning difficulties about what they consider to be social support. To this end, we developed a qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students (3rd to the 12th grade; 8 to 18 years old). Answers were analyzed from previously defined categories, subcategories emerged from the data. Students valued the availability of their classmates and teachers to support and involve them in class activities, as well as expressions of empathy, care and attention. Students mentioned situations of rejection and exclusion. The paper discusses conditions that favor mutual knowledge and a culture of reciprocal social support, both of which are essential to facilitate students’ social participation.

RESUMO O suporte social permite quebrar dificuldades de participação social de alunos com necessidades educativas específicas. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a perspetiva de alunos com deficiência auditiva, visual, físico-motora e dificuldades específicas de aprendizagem sobre o que consideram ser suporte social. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um estudo de natureza qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 15 alunos com estas condições (do 3.º ao 12.º, com idades entre os 8 e 18 anos). As respostas foram analisadas a partir de categorias previamente definidas, tendo emergido um conjunto de subcategorias a partir dos dados. Os alunos valorizaram a disponibilidade dos seus colegas e professores para os apoiar e os envolver nas atividades da turma e a expressão de empatia e cuidado. Referiram também situações de rejeição e exclusão. No artigo são discutidas condições que favorecem o conhecimento do outro e uma cultura de suporte social recíproco, essenciais para a participação social.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives The legislation gives the possibility for pregnant women with jobs where there are night shifts, to avoid doing them during this stage. However, sometimes the workers themselves question whether this has concrete scientific validity and what this could entail for themselves and their descendants. Not being a topic with much published literature, this review allows to consult a summary of the most up-to-date records at this level, in order to make assertive and scientific decisions regarding conditioning, as well as whether these should be mandatory or optional. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Night shifts during pregnancy may be associated with greater family-work conflict, tiredness and sleep disturbance; as well as cancers, weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases; in addition to preterm delivery, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. Discussion and Conclusions Night shifts during pregnancy, especially if numerous and/or consecutive, seem to allow for some alterations, whose pathophysiology is reasonably explained/theorized. However, the probability and eventual severity of these issues must be considered by the pregnant woman herself, so that she (duly informed with regard to current medical knowledge on the subject) choose whether she wishes to continue to do some night shifts and, if so, how; since anxiety and disruption of routines can also be harmful, especially on an emotional and/or economic level (more prominently in companies where the pregnant woman has empathy with the tasks, the work team and/or I have a shared transport). It should be decided on a case-by-case basis, as a team, taking into account pregnant´s opinion. It would be interesting for professionals working in a hospital environment, in an institution that has Obstetric service, to focus a little on the topic, portraying the national reality and publishing their research in a magazine in the area, to disseminate knowledge. and national level, with international extrapolation.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A legislação consagra a possibilidade de as grávidas com postos de trabalho em que existam turnos noturnos, os evitem durante esta etapa. Contudo, por vezes, as próprias trabalhadoras questionam a validade científica concreta dessa medida e o que isso poderá acarretar para si e para a descendência. Não sendo um tema com muita bibliografia publicada, esta revisão permite consultar uma síntese do que mais atualizado se registou a este nível, de forma a se tomarem decisões assertivas e científicas em relação a condicionamentos, bem como se estes devem ser obrigatórios ou opcionais. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo Os turnos noturnos durante a gravidez poderão associar-se a maior conflito família-trabalho, cansaço e perturbação do sono; bem como cancros, aumento de peso, diabetes, hipertensão arterial e outras doenças cardiovasculares; para além de parto pré-termo, baixo peso ao nascer e anomalias congénitas. Discussão e Conclusões Os turnos noturnos durante a gravidez, sobretudo se numerosos e/ou seguidos, parecem possibilitar algumas alterações, cuja fisiopatologia se encontra razoavelmente explicitada/teorizada. Contudo, a probabilidade e eventual gravidade dessas questões devem ser ponderadas pela própria grávida (devidamente informada relativamente aos conhecimentos médicos atuais), para que possa optar se deseja continuar a fazer alguns turnos noturnos e, em caso positivo, de que forma; uma vez que a ansiedade e perturbação de rotinas pode ser também perniciosa, sobretudo a nível emocional e/ou económico (com maior destaque em empresas onde a grávida tenha empatia com as tarefas e com a equipa de trabalho e/ou tenha meio de transporte partilhado). Caberá decidir caso a caso, em equipa, considerando a opinião da própria. Seria aliciante que profissionais a exercer em ambiente hospitalar, em instituição que tenha serviço de Obstetrícia, se debruçassem um pouco sobre o tema, retratando a realidade nacional e publicando a sua investigação em revista da área, para difusão de conhecimentos e nível nacional, com extrapolação internacional.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo es brindar recomendaciones metodológicas para la reconstrucción de la memoria colectiva en organizaciones sociales, esto permite comprender la historia y la identidad de estas organizaciones, preservando su legado y fortaleciendo su representatividad. La investigación en la que se basa este artículo se llevó a cabo en colaboración con sindicatos campesinos en Costa Rica, utilizando un enfoque mixto. Entre las recomendaciones clave están cultivar confianza y empatía con las personas participantes, mantener registros reflexivos para enriquecer la comprensión del fenómeno social y facilitar la replicación de la metodología. Además, es crucial mantener un equilibrio entre flexibilidad y rigurosidad para garantizar la adaptabilidad a diferentes contextos y permitir la extrapolación de la metodología a grupos similares, facilitando así la generación de información comparable.

Abstract This article provides methodological recommendations for reconstructing collective memory in social organizations. Reconstructing collective memory is crucial for comprehending the history and identity of social organizations, preserving their legacy, and enhancing their representativeness. The study is based on collaborative research with peasant unions in Costa Rica, employing a mixed-method approach of surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis. The shortage of studies and methodological frameworks in this area underscores the need for clear and practical recommendations. Some recommendations include building trust and empathy with participants keeping reflective records to enhance understanding of the social phenomenon and facilitating the replication of the methodology. Furthermore, it is crucial to maintain a balance between flexibility and rigor to ensure adaptability to different contexts and enable the extrapolation of the methodology to similar groups.

RESUMEN El propósito del trabajo fue revisar la literatura latinoamericana sobre Pedagogía y Didáctica de las ciencias contables. La metodología consistió en La búsqueda de los trabajos se realizó electrónicamente, con la utilización de las bases de datos de aplicaciones Google Académico, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet y Tesis en Red. Los criterios de puntuación incluyeron la pertinencia, la calidad metodológica de la propuesta de investigación, la experiencia y la posición de los autores/poseedores, la originalidad, así como la relevancia y el rigor científico. Como resultados se seleccionaron un total de 30 trabajos. Hay un predominio de publicaciones en la categoría Didáctica, con poca contribución en Pedagogía. Se constató que los artículos abordan aspectos teóricos (de interés nacional e internacional) relacionados con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, mediante el cuestionamiento de los conceptos de educación, relación profesor/alumno, ambiente, empatía y motivación entre otros. En conclusión, las futuras investigaciones pueden contribuir a mejorar la pedagogía y la didáctica en ciencias contables con proyectos orientados a la multiculturalidad en las asignaturas relacionadas con la empresa a nivel universitario, con el desarrollo de recursos tecnológicos capaces de ser utilizados en el aula para el aprendizaje individualizado o en grupo dentro o fuera del campus, por lo que, los materiales de apoyo para las tareas de clase que implican satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes son importantes para que cada estudiante tenga su plan de desarrollo individual.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the work was to review the Latin American literature on Pedagogy and Didactics of accounting sciences. The methodology consisted of The search for the works was carried out electronically, with the use of the Google Academic, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet and Tesis en Red application databases. The scoring criteria included relevance, methodological quality of the proposal of research, the experience and position of the authors/holders, the originality, as well as the relevance and scientific rigor. As results, a total of 30 papers were selected. There is a predominance of publications in the Didactic category, with little contribution in Pedagogy. It was found that the articles address theoretical aspects (of national and international interest) related to the teaching-learning process, by questioning the concepts of education, teacher/student relationship, environment, empathy and motivation, among others. In conclusion, future research can contribute to improving pedagogy and didactics in accounting sciences with projects aimed at multiculturalism in business-related subjects at the university level, with the development of technological resources capable of being used in the classroom for the individualized or group learning on or off campus, therefore, support materials for class tasks that involve meeting the needs of students are important so that each student has their individual development plan.

Abstract This conceptual review explores and explains the influence of culture on tourism and hospitality activities from a service quality perspective. The study takes a dyadic perspective, i.e., by taking both marketing and management perspectives into account, particularly in investigating the influence of culture on tourism and hospitality activities on SERVQUAL dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The study shows that culture influences the design and implementation of service quality dimensions and the knowledge of cultural variables may have a significant influence on the efficient and effective management of service quality systems.

Resumen Este artículo explora y explica la influencia de la cultura en las actividades turísticas y hoteleras desde una perspectiva de calidad del servicio. El estudio adopta una perspectiva diádica, es decir, teniendo en cuenta las perspectivas de marketing y gestión, investiga en particular la influencia de la cultura en las actividades turísticas y hoteleras en las dimensiones de SERVQUAL de bienes tangibles, confiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad y empatía. El estudio muestra que la cultura influye en el diseño e implementación de las dimensiones de la calidad del servicio y el conocimiento de las variables culturales puede tener una influencia significativa en la gestión eficiente y efectiva de los sistemas de calidad del servicio.

Abstract Frequently, aggressiveness and violence are used as synonymous. However, these are two complex and different phenomena that scientists and philosophers have studied. In this paper, we make a difference between aggressiveness and violence. Aggressiveness must be considered utilitarian behavior that harms or destroys objects or subjects. Aggressiveness is a primitive way to conduct, and here, we discuss anatomic and functional encephalic systems. This involuntary and instinctive behavior is triggered when the animal is required to hunt a press, defend its territory when young, or compete for a mate for reproductive purposes. The aggressiveness will be violence when it pursues a social, political, economic, or criminal goal. A violent or aggressive act is not distinguished by the outcome but by intentionality. Indeed, a violent action could have the same material consequences as an aggressive act with a different goal. Aggression-violence is a biological phenomenon and the result of culture, societal life, political relations, and current moral conditions. We often tend to simplify the phenomena, and we have discussed aggressiveness-violence, but there are also other phenomena, such as empathy and mirror behavior. Empathy, compassion, and affection should be studied alongside the aggressive-violent process.

SIGNIFICANCE: The global demands of a fast-paced, 'publish or perish' culture at higher education and research institutions pose several challenges for researchers, especially early-career scholars. In South Africa, the incentivisation of the 'publish or perish' paradigm, in a context of historical funding inequities, presents both possibilities and perils. Prioritising integrity within such a system requires a reclaiming of moral agency that subscribes to a high code of ethical conduct, which includes the values of excellence and empathy. We propose an EEE (excellence, ethics and empathy) framework for balancing productivity with integrity, thereby resisting the logics of the research marketplace.

RESUMEN Son varios los enfoques desde donde podemos abordar la popular festividad eucarística del Corpus Christi. El artículo se inclina por el arte festivo, sin soslayar todo lo que conlleva esta fiesta especial en los poblados tutelados por jesuitas, donde se creaba para la ocasión un escenario de marcada heterogeneidad, que en cierta forma lo diferenciaba de otro tipo de núcleos urbanos. Los tradicionales arcos de follajes, flores y pájaros cortando calles pavimentadas con esteras, son algunos de los elementos comunes en América que se pretenden narrar a través de documentos y relatos de contemporáneos y que reafirman el sincretismo de estas comunidades que dejaron testimonios del tridentino, a pesar de ubicarse en un rincón remoto del mundo. Se enfatiza en esta complejidad, en la participación exclusiva de los guaraníes, significativamente permeables al cristianismo impuesto por los jesuitas con su marcada empatía por la otredad.

ABSTRACT The popular Eucharistic festivity of Corpus Christi can be approached from various angles. We are inclined towards festive art, without ignoring all that this special feast entails in the towns under the tutelage of the Jesuits, where a markedly heterogeneous scenario was created for the occasion, which to some extent differentiated it from other types of urban centers. The traditional arches of foliage, flowers and birds decorating streets with mats are some of the common elements in America that we intend to narrate through documents and contemporary accounts, reaffirming the syncretism of these communities, which have left testimonies of the Tridentine tradition despite being located in a remote corner of the world. We seek to emphasize this complexity on which we focus, highlighting the exclusive participation of the Guarani, significantly permeable to the Christianity imposed by the Jesuits with their marked empathy for otherness.

Abstract The professions related to the care of users are those that manifest higher levels of stress historically, an element that increases when the attention is to more than one beneficiary at a time, one of these careers is teaching, because day by day teachers develop their work avoiding various social phenomena such as the different types of violence that are experienced inside the school, exclusion, varied family models, conflicts, lack of resources, inequality, to name a few. This outlines a scenario full of demands for the teacher which represents an emotional charge that promotes the suffering of stress. The purpose of this paper is to identify the stress coping mechanisms and socio-emotional competencies with which they are linked in a group of normal students, through a non-experimental cross-sectional-descriptive quantitative study, carried out in July 2020, with a sample of 226 students. To this end, two instruments were applied, one that measured the situations that arise in life and that are assessed as stressful, and as a second instrument, a socio-formative analytical rubric of socio-emotional competencies was applied, which includes inter- and intrapersonal competencies. Among the findings, students show a moderate level of stress, on socio-emotional competencies it was found that the areas of immediate attention are social awareness and empathy. Some of the conclusions are to emphasize the formation of socio-emotional competencies and their potentiation in the educational system, as well as the approach of not working separately.

Resumen Las profesiones relacionadas con el cuidado a usuarios son las que manifiestan mayores niveles de estrés históricamente, elemento que se incrementa cuando la atención es a más de un beneficiario a la vez, una de esas carreras es la docencia, debido a que día a día profesores desarrollan su labor sorteando diversos fenómenos sociales como los distintos tipos de violencia que se viven al interior de la escuela, exclusión, modelos familiares variados, conflictos, carencia de recursos, desigualdad, por nombrar algunos. De ahí que, exista un escenario profesional lleno de demandas para el docente que representa una carga emocional que promueve el padecimiento de estrés. El objetivo de la presente es establecer la relación entre el afrontamiento del estrés y el dominio de competencias socioemocionales con las que cuentan un grupo de estudiantes normalistas, mediante un estudio cuantitativo no experimental transversal-descriptivo, realizado en julio del 2020, con una muestra de 226 estudiantes. Para ello, se aplicaron dos instrumentos, uno que midió las situaciones que se presentan en la vida y que se valoran como estresantes y como segundo instrumento se aplicó una rúbrica analítica socioformativa de competencias socioemocionales que comprende competencias inter e intrapersonales. Dentro de los hallazgos los estudiantes muestran un nivel moderado de estrés, sobre las competencias socioemocionales se encontró que las áreas de atención inmediata son la conciencia social y la empatía. Algunas de las conclusiones son enfatizar la formación de competencias socioemocionales y su potencialización en el sistema educativo, así como el planteamiento de no trabajarse por separado.

Abstract This reflective essay is framed in a process of analysis of substantive aspects associated with Technical Vocational Education and Training, in particular, with the management of pedagogical and curricular actions that converge in the study plans and programs, which are oriented to the consolidation of updated, relevant and inclusive profiles. The manuscript arises as an assessment of otherness in educational spaces and the relevance of eliminating any barrier or limit, by recognizing that all people are the other and that the greatest richness of the learning process is in the interaction, exchange and encounter with diversity, as an essential element of current training practices. For this purpose, a review was made of the theoretical position of several authors, as well as an analysis of the various perspectives that make it possible to embrace otherness in a framework of respect, legitimacy and empathy, that is, to motivate the training to enable the consolidation of life skills, well-being and fulfillment of the students.

Resumen El presente ensayo reflexivo se enmarca en un proceso de análisis de aspectos sustantivos asociados con la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional, de modo particular, con la gestión de las acciones pedagógicas y curriculares que convergen en los planes y programas de estudio, las cuales se orientan a la consolidación de perfiles actualizados, pertinentes e inclusivos. Ante esto, el objetivo del ensayo consta de analizar diversas aseveraciones teóricas sobre la otredad y enlazarlas con los aspectos pedagógicos y curriculares distintivos de la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional, para la comprensión de las múltiples realidades presentes en los espacios formativos. El manuscrito surge como una valoración de la otredad en los espacios educativos y la relevancia de eliminar cualquier barrera o límite, al reconocer que todas las personas somos el otro y que la riqueza más grande del proceso de aprendizaje está en la interacción, el intercambio y el encuentro con la diversidad, como un elemento esencial de las prácticas formativas actuales. En virtud de lo expuesto, el enfoque conceptual aborda diversas acepciones del término otredad, particularmente, orientado a los ecosistemas de aprendizaje y formación, lo que facilita entender su alcance y valorar su posicionamiento teórico y epistemológico. Para tales efectos, se realizó una revisión de la postura teórica de diversas personas autoras, así como un análisis de las variadas perspectivas que posibilitan abrazar la otredad en un marco de respeto, legitimación y empatía, es decir, motivar que los procesos formativos promuevan la consolidación de habilidades para la vida, el bienestar y plenitud del estudiantado.