ABSTRACT Local anesthetics (LA) can cause undesired effects such as sustained contraction of skeletal muscles as a result of structural and functional changes. Proper skeletal muscle function is controlled by intracellular Ca2+ concentration and efficient energy (ATP) production, which is closely related to cell ultrastructure. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the structural and functional changes caused by LAs. Materials and Method Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250g were used (n:49). They were divided into seven groups. One group was not anesthetized or treated (Control). The other six groups underwent intramuscular (IM) anesthesia with xylazine 2% (0.05 ml) and ketamine 50 mg/ ml (0.1 ml/100g rat weight), and one of the following was applied to the masseter muscle (MM): no further treatment (Anesthetic Control group, CA); 0.1ml physiological saline solution (group SF); Carrageenin (group Carr) 1% as positive control group; prilocaine (group Pri), mepivacaine (group Mepi); or articaine (group Arti) 0.3M, IM. The animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation one hour after treatment. The effects of the different anesthetics on the MM were evaluated histologically and by electronic microscopy (EM). Ca-ATPase and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPX) were evaluated in muscle homogenates under the same conditions as those used to prepare the histological sections. Results In general, structural damage and increased muscle contraction were observed in tissues treated with anesthetics. The most extreme values of Ca-ATPase activity and LPX were observed in the positive control group (carrageenin). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons and Tukey’s test (p > 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that in the short term, local anesthetics affect the muscle function and are associated to structural changes.

RESUMEN Los anestésicos locales (AL), pueden causar efectos no deseados como la contracción sostenida de los músculos esqueléticos como consecuencia de cambios estructurales y funcionales. Como es sabido, la función adecuada del músculo esquelético está controlada por la concentración de Ca2+ intracelular y por la producción eficiente de energía (ATP), íntimamente relacionado con la ultraestructura celular. Objetivo El propósito de este trabajo fue relacionar los cambios estructurales y funcionales provocados por los AL. Materiales y Método se utilizaron ratas Wistar macho de 200 a 250g de peso (n:49), bajo anestesia intramuscular (IM) de xilazina 2% (0,05 ml) y ketamina 50 mg/ml (0,1 ml/100g peso de rata) se les aplicó en el músculo masetero (MM): 0,1ml de solución fisiológica (grupo SF) o Carragenina (grupo Carr) 1% como grupo control positivo o Prilocaína (grupo Pri), Mepivacaína (grupo Mepi) y articaína (grupo Arti) 0,3M, IM. Un grupo no recibió tratamiento, grupo Control (C). Se realizó la eutanasia por dislocación cervical a la hora post tratamiento. Se evaluó histológicamente y mediante microscopía electrónica (ME) los efectos de los distintos anestésicos a la hora post-inyección en músculo masetero. Además, se evaluó la actividad Ca-ATPásica y la lipoperoxidación de membrana (LPX) en homogenatos de músculo con las mismas condiciones que el utilizado para realizar los cortes histológicos. Resultados En general se observaron daños estructurales en los tejidos tratados con anestésicos y aumento de la contracción muscular. Los valores extremos de la actividad Ca-ATPásica y la LPX se observaron en el control positivo (carragenina). Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron por comparación múltiple ANOVA de 1 via y test de Tukey (p > 0,05). Conclusiones los resultados sugieren que los AL, a corto plazo, afectarían la función muscular asociados a los cambios estructurales.

Abstract. - Organic contaminants are highly toxic and volatile and accumulate in fatty tissues. Due to their persistence and mobility, it is possible to find them practically anywhere on the planet, even where they have never been used. For this reason, monitoring and vigilance in water bodies are essential. We synthesized calcium titanate (CaTiO 3 ) particles using the solid-state method in the present research. Several physicochemical techniques characterized the particles: energy dispersive spectroscopy (EED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (ERD), and electrochemical: cyclic voltammetry (CV), among others.; It was found via XRD and Raman that the crystalline structure is orthorhombic with space group Pbnm. The synthesized CaTiO 3 particles have an average diameter of ≈ 2 µm. Furthermore, the value obtained for the energy gap (E g ) was 3.41 eV; it also presents a low energy step at a value of 2.66 eV, which may correspond to the mingap electronic states. The glassy carbon electrode modified with the CaTiO 3 film showed a sensitivity for determining nitrobenzene (NB) in aqueous solution. Therefore, it can be concluded that the development of CaTiO 3 particles is a viable alternative to be used as a sensor of organic contaminants in water.

Resumen. - Los contaminantes orgánicos son altamente tóxicos y volátiles se acumulan en los tejidos grasos; Debido a su persistencia y movilidad, es posible encontrarlas prácticamente en cualquier parte del planeta, incluso en lugares donde nunca han sido utilizadas. Por esta razón, el monitoreo y la vigilancia en los cuerpos de agua son fundamentales. En la presente investigación, se sintetizaron partículas de titanato de calcio (CaTiO 3 ) utilizando el método de estado sólido. Las partículas se caracterizaron por diversas técnicas fisicoquímicas: difracción de rayos-X (DRX), espectroscopia Raman, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB), espectroscopia de dispersión de energía (EDE), espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa (ERD), y electroquímica: voltamperometría cíclica (VC), entre otras. Se encontró a través de DRX y Raman que la estructura cristalina es ortorrómbica con el grupo espacial Pbnm. Las partículas de CaTiO 3 sintetizadas tienen un diámetro promedio de ≈ 2 µm; Además, el valor obtenido para la brecha de energía (E g ) fue de 3,41 eV; también presenta un paso de baja energía en un valor de 2.66 eV, que puede corresponder a los estados electrónicos mingap. El electrodo de carbón vítreo modificado con la película de CaTiO 3 mostro una sensibilidad para la determinación de nitrobenceno (NB) en solución acuosa. Por lo tanto, se puede concluir que el desarrollo de partículas de CaTiO 3 es una alternativa viable para ser utilizado como sensor de contaminantes orgánicos en agua.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was aimed at analyzing and disseminating the fossil wood collection data stored in the thin sections of the paleobotany collection of the Department of Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Institute of Geosciences at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Thin sections of petrified wood are described. Research data used in geosciences specifically seek to develop a model for the use of this type of sheet in paleobotany, enabling visualization of its representativeness in studies published over 40 years to obtain the anatomical characteristics of fossil woods and define their systematic affinities as a specific typology of research data in geosciences. Methods: The methodology involved interviewing a paleobotanical specialist and using different techniques applied in metric studies to map scientific production in petrified wood. Thus, a dataset of (20) thin slide sections of petrified fossil wood used in “Stressing environmental conditions in the ‘petrified forest’ from the Mata Sequence in the Triassic context of the Paraná Basin,” a paper published by the Journal of South American Earth Sciences (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415), was used. Depending on the methodology, these thin sections petrified wood can reveal systematic paleoclimatic signatures based on the anatomical characteristics of the fossil wood. In addition to this case study, which represents a collection of more than (2.000) thousand blades of fossil wood and approximately 40 years of research, the paleobotanical collection of the department is reused in methodology classes. The collection comprises a database created by research physicists that provides information on anatomical features, systematic affinities, paleoclimatic conditions, and paleoenvironmental insights. Potential for reuse: The reuse, registration, storage, identification, and preservation of thin sections as a type of research data used in paleobotany aims to improve the methodology associated with the organization of the physical database of the institution. The research data and blades of fossil wood are being digitized. They will soon be available under CC BY 4.0, according to the sample described in this data paper (DOI Mendeley: 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3). Furthermore, the data can be reused in optical and electronic scanning microscopy software. Objective Sul 4 Methods Thus 20 (20 Stressing forest Basin, Basin DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415, DOI101016jjsames2023104415 DOIjjsames DOI 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 , 10 1016 j jsames 2023 104415 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415) 2.000 2000 2 000 (2.000 classes features insights reuse registration storage identification institution digitized 0 4.0 Mendeley 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3. 1017632b8phfcsync3 bphfcsync 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3 . 17632 b8phfcsync 3 b phfcsync 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3) Furthermore software (2 DOI10 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 jjsames DOI101016jjsames202310441 101016jjsames2023104415 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 1 101 202 10441 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 2.00 200 00 (2.00 4. 1017632b8phfcsync 10.17632/b8phfcsync. 1763 ( DOI1 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 DOI101016jjsames20231044 101016jjsames202310441 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 1044 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 2.0 (2.0 10.17632/b8phfcsync 176 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 DOI101016jjsames2023104 101016jjsames20231044 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 104 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 2. (2. 17 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 DOI101016jjsames202310 101016jjsames2023104 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 DOI101016jjsames20231 101016jjsames202310 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 DOI101016jjsames2023 101016jjsames20231 10.1016/j.jsames.2023. (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023. DOI101016jjsames202 101016jjsames2023 10.1016/j.jsames.2023 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023. DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2023 DOI101016jjsames20 101016jjsames202 10.1016/j.jsames.202 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2023 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.202 DOI101016jjsames2 101016jjsames20 10.1016/j.jsames.20 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.202 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.20 DOI101016jjsames 101016jjsames2 10.1016/j.jsames.2 (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.20 DOI10.1016/j.jsames.2 101016jjsames 10.1016/j.jsames. (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames.2 DOI10.1016/j.jsames. 10.1016/j.jsames (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames. DOI10.1016/j.jsames (DOI:10.1016/j.jsames

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo visa divulgar e analisar a coleção de lenhos fósseis armazenadas no acervo de lâminas delgadas da coleção de paleobotânica do Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia do Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Descrevem-se lâminas delgadas de madeira petrificada, enquanto dados de pesquisa utilizados para investigação em Geociências, em específico, busca-se compor um modelo para utilização deste tipo de lâmina na paleobotânica o que permite visualizar sua representatividade em estudos publicados durante 40 anos. Assim, obter-se-á as características anatômicas de laminas de lenhos fósseis com vistas a definir suas afinidades sistemáticas como uma tipologia específica de dados de pesquisa em Geociências. Métodos: A metodologia envolve entrevista com um especialista em paleobotânica e a utilização de diferentes técnicas aplicadas em estudos métricos para mapear a sua produção científica em lenhos fósseis. Nesse sentido, como exemplo descrevem-se um conjunto de dados de (20) lâminas delgadas de lenhos fósseis petrificados utilizados no paper Stressing environmental conditions in the “petrified forest” from the Mata Sequence in the Triassic context of the Paraná Basin publicados pelo periódico Journal of South American Earth Sciences, conforme DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415. A metodologia de utilização dessas lâminas no paper permite a identificação de assinaturas paleoclimáticas, com base em características anatômicas de lenhos fósseis. Além desse estudo de caso, esse data paper serve para representar uma coleção de mais de (2.000) mil lâminas de lenhos fósseis, cerca de 40 anos de pesquisa em paleobotânica que é reutilizada em aulas de metodologia e compõem uma base de dados de pesquisa que fornece informações sobre características anatômicas, afinidades sistemáticas, condições paleoclimáticas e percepções paleoambientais. Potencial de reutilização: A reutilização desse conjunto de dados permite o registro, o armazenamento, a identificação e a preservação de lâminas delgadas de lenhos fósseis enquanto um tipo de dado de pesquisa em Geociências, também objetiva aprimorar a organização de um banco de dados. Esses dados da pesquisa estão sendo digitalizados e em breve todos estarão disponíveis sob a licença CC BY 4.0, conforme a amostra descrita nesse data paper. (Mendeley DOI: 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3) os quais poderão ser reutilizados por softwares de microscopia óptica e de varredura eletrônica. Objetivo Sul Descrevemse Descrevem se petrificada específico buscase busca 4 Assim obterseá obter á Métodos sentido descrevemse descrevem 20 (20 petrified forest Sciences DOI 101016jjsames2023104415 jjsames 10 1016 j jsames 2023 104415 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104415 caso 2.000 2000 2 000 (2.000 paleoambientais registro armazenamento 0 4.0 Mendeley 10.17632/b8phfcsync.3 1017632b8phfcsync3 bphfcsync 17632 b8phfcsync 3 b phfcsync eletrônica (2 101016jjsames202310441 1 101 202 10441 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10441 2.00 200 00 (2.00 4. 10.17632/b8phfcsync. 1017632b8phfcsync 1763 ( 101016jjsames20231044 1044 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1044 2.0 (2.0 10.17632/b8phfcsync 176 101016jjsames2023104 104 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.104 2. (2. 17 101016jjsames202310 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.10 101016jjsames20231 10.1016/j.jsames.2023.1 101016jjsames2023 10.1016/j.jsames.2023. 101016jjsames202 10.1016/j.jsames.2023 101016jjsames20 10.1016/j.jsames.202 101016jjsames2 10.1016/j.jsames.20 101016jjsames 10.1016/j.jsames.2 10.1016/j.jsames. 10.1016/j.jsames

Development of platforms capable of guarantee a controlled NO release at a specific target is highly promising yet challenging. Herein, we present the synthesis and characterization of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(1,4-dt)(NO)](PF6)3 (RuNO), where 1,4-dt = 1,4-dithiane and bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine, which was adsorbed on gold through the sulfur atom of 1,4-dt. This complex was thoroughly characterized by electrochemistry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and vibrational and electronic spectroscopies whose assignments were corroborated by theoretical data. The formation of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of RuNO on gold was monitored by surface plasmon resonance giving a coverage density of 2.1 × 10–10 mol cm–2. Taking advantage of the NO lability upon reduction, electrochemical scanning microscopy (SECM) was used to both trigger the NO release from the SAM of RuNO on the gold substrate and detection at the SECM tip. Accordingly, upon reduction, the generated NO0 species was detected at the SECM TIP, where it was oxidized back to NO+. challenging Herein cisRubpy21,4dtNOPF63 cisRubpy214dtNOPF63 cisRubpydtNOPF cis Ru 2 1,4 dt PF6 3 1 4 PF cis-[Ru(bpy)2(1,4-dt)(NO)](PF6) RuNO, , (RuNO) 1,4dt 14dt 1,4dithiane 14dithiane dithiane 2,2bipyridine, 22bipyridine bipyridine 2,2 bipyridine, 2,2’-bipyridine 1,4dt. dt. electrochemistry data selfassembled self assembled (SAM 21 2. 1010 10 10–1 cm2 cm cm–2 reduction (SECM tip Accordingly TIP NO+ cisRubpy21 4dtNOPF63 cisRubpy dtNOPF cisRubpy21,4dtNOPF6 cisRubpy214dtNOPF6 14 1, cis-[Ru(bpy)2(1,4-dt)(NO)](PF6 (RuNO 4dt 4dithiane 2bipyridine 2,2bipyridine 22 2, 101 10– cm– cisRubpy2 4dtNOPF6 cisRubpy21,4dtNOPF cisRubpy214dtNOPF cis-[Ru(bpy)2(1,4-dt)(NO)](PF 4dtNOPF

The recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a worldwide challenge and this is one of the biggest issues debated on 21st century, motivating the participation of governments research institutions and also the private sector in order to develop technologies based on the cleaner production (C + P) concept so that the eco-efficiency of the electronics industry is improved. In this work, the manual dismantling and mechanical processing steps, including grinding, magnetic and electrostatic separations were the procedures employed for this. Subsequently, the physical and chemical printed circuit board (PCB) characterizations was carried out by particle size classification and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (ICP OES/SEM-EDS) analyses, respectively in order to confirm the release, separation and concentration of metal content. After magnetic separation, the percentages of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions were 15.18 and 56.70%, respectively. In the magnetic fraction, the concentration of iron, nickel, silver and gold reached 1.26 ± 0.33%, 1.24 ± 0.27%, 650.03 ± 77.60 mg kg-1 and 504.88 ± 18.53 mg kg-1, respectively. In the case of copper, the magnetic fraction had a content of 11.27 ± 1.41%, corresponding to about 50% of the value obtained in the non-magnetic fraction. Hence, iron, nickel, silver and gold were concentrated in the magnetic fraction, while copper was concentrated in the non-magnetic fraction. WEEE (WEEE st century C P ecoefficiency eco efficiency improved work steps grinding Subsequently PCB (PCB spectroscopyscanning scanning microscopyenergy microscopy energy ICP OES/SEMEDS OESSEMEDS OES/SEM EDS OES SEM OES/SEM-EDS analyses release nonmagnetic non 1518 15 18 15.1 5670 56 70 56.70% iron nickel 126 1 26 1.2 033 0 33 0.33% 124 24 027 27 0.27% 65003 650 03 650.0 7760 77 60 77.6 kg1 kg kg- 50488 504 88 504.8 1853 53 18.5 kg1, 1, 1127 11 11.2 141 41 1.41% 50 Hence SEMEDS OESSEM 151 15. 567 5 7 56.70 12 2 1. 3 0.33 02 0.27 6500 65 650. 776 6 77. 5048 8 504. 185 18. 112 11. 14 4 1.41 56.7 0.3 0.2 1.4 56. 0.

Abstract Epibiosis is an interaction between two organisms, and it can be a relationship with both positive and negative effects. Protozoa of the subclass Suctoria are common epibionts in freshwater environments. Their preference for attaching to other organisms reflects their biological needs, such as food availability and environmental conditions, as well as the anatomy of their hosts. The study area of this work was the lakes of Ingá Park located in Maringá, Paraná state, Brazil. Leeches were collected in August 2019, through an active search on aquatic vegetation, among submerged trunks and rocks. Subsequently, the specimens were sent to the laboratory. In the laboratory, they were fixed in 5% formaldehyde, and subsequently submitted to two procedures, in which permanent slides of the specimens stained by the hydrochloric carmine method were made and images were obtained by electronic scanning microscopy. For the identification and description of the leech species, morphological data, taxonomic characteristics, and the use of the identification key were obtained. The epibiont ciliated protozoa occurred in Antiga Santa Lake, associated with four specimens of the leech Helobdella adiastola. We report the first record of epibiosis among the protozoan epibiont ciliates (Ciliophora: Suctoria) associated with Helobdella adiastola in Brazil. effects environments needs conditions hosts Maringá state Brazil 2019 vegetation rocks Subsequently laboratory 5 formaldehyde procedures microscopy species data characteristics Lake Ciliophora (Ciliophora 201 20 2

Investigation of corrosion inhibitors on CO2-saturated aqueous solution with O2 contamination is limited. Hence, this study investigated the corrosion behavior of phosphate ester inhibitor towards carbon steel corrosion in a simulated CO2-O2 environment by potentiodynamic polarization technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was shown that the PE prevents the corrosion attack in the presence of CO2-O2, reaching an efficiency of 90.7% with 25 ppm in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 25 oC. Furthermore, the superficial characterization of carbon steel was studied by scanning electronic microscopy which supported that the inhibitor protects against corrosion. The varying temperatures showed that PE adsorbed on the steel surface by a physical process and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. CO2saturated COsaturated CO2 saturated CO O limited Hence CO2O2 COO CO2-O spectroscopy CO2O2, O2, 907 90 7 90.7 2 35 3 5 3. wt oC Furthermore isotherm CO2O 9 90.

Objective: to analyze the integrity of N95/PFF2 masks in relation to fiber morphology, porosity, cracks and micro holes, as well as identify visible damage to their structure and components, after seven- and fifteen-day reuse protocols. Method: cross-sectional study. Structural and morphological characteristics of a new N95/PFF2 mask were analyzed in comparison with N95/PFF2 masks (n=10) used in seven- and fifteen-day protocols, through visual inspection and scanning electron microscopy. Results: upon visual inspection, following the seven-day protocol, 40% and 60% of the N95/PFF2 masks showed, respectively, personal identification marks and external and internal dirt. Additionally, 20% exhibited loosening and/or tearing of the straps, while 100% showed some type of damage to the nose clips. In the fifteen-day protocol, all N95/PFF2 masks had dirt, loose straps and damaged nose clips, and 80% had folds. Electronic microscopy revealed an increase in pores and loosening in the weaves from seven days onwards, extending up to fifteen days, with the presence of micro holes and residues. Conclusion: the reuse of N95/PFF2 masks affects their structural and morphological integrity. It is crucial to carry out tests to measure the impact of this practice on the safety of health professionals. Objective N95PFF2 NPFF N95 PFF2 N PFF N95/PFF morphology porosity components fifteenday day protocols Method crosssectional cross sectional study n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 Results sevenday protocol 40 60 respectively dirt Additionally 20 andor or 100 clips 80 folds onwards residues Conclusion professionals N95PFF N9 n=1 n1 1 (n=1 4 6 2 8 n= (n= (n

Objetivo: analisar a integridade das máscaras N95/PFF2 em relação à morfologia das fibras, porosidade, fissuras e micro furos, bem como identificar danos visíveis em sua estrutura e componentes, após protocolos de reutilização de sete e quinze dias. Método: estudo transversal. Características estruturais e morfológicas de uma máscara N95/PFF2 nova foram analisadas em comparação com máscaras N95/PFF2 (n=10) utilizadas em protocolos de sete e quinze dias, por meio da inspeção visual e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados: na inspeção visual, seguindo o protocolo de sete dias, 40% e 60% das máscaras N95/PFF2 apresentaram, respectivamente, marcas de identificação pessoal e sujidades externas e internas. Além disso, 20% exibiram afrouxamento e/ou rompimento das tiras de fixação, enquanto 100% mostraram algum tipo de dano nos clipes nasais. No protocolo de quinze dias, todas as máscaras N95/PFF2 apresentavam sujidade, tiras de fixação frouxas e clipes nasais comprometidos; 80% possuíam dobras. A microscopia eletrônica revelou aumento dos poros e afrouxamento nas tramas a partir de sete dias, ampliando-se até quinze dias, com presença de micro furos e detritos. Conclusão: a reutilização das máscaras N95/PFF2 compromete a integridade estrutural e morfológica. É crucial realizar testes para mensurar o impacto dessa prática na segurança dos profissionais de saúde. Objetivo N95PFF2 NPFF N95 PFF2 N PFF N95/PFF fibras porosidade componentes dias Método transversal n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 varredura Resultados 40 60 apresentaram respectivamente internas disso 20 eou ou 100 sujidade comprometidos 80 dobras ampliandose ampliando se detritos Conclusão morfológica saúde N95PFF N9 n=1 n1 1 (n=1 4 6 2 8 n= (n= (n

Objetivo: analizar la integridad de mascarillas N95/PFF2 con relación a la morfología de las fibras, porosidad, grietas y microagujeros, así como identificar daños visibles en su estructura y componentes, luego de protocolos de reutilización de siete y quince días. Método: estudio transversal. Se analizaron las características estructurales y morfológicas de una mascarilla N95/PFF2 nueva en comparación con las mascarillas N95/PFF2 (n=10) utilizadas en protocolos de siete y quince días, mediante inspección visual y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Resultados: tras la inspección visual, siguiendo el protocolo de siete días, el 40% y el 60% de las mascarillas N95/PFF2 mostraron, respectivamente, marcas de identificación personal y suciedad externa e interna. Además, el 20% presentó aflojamiento y/o desgarro de las correas de sujeción, mientras que el 100% presentó algún tipo de daño en los clips nasales. En el protocolo de quince días, todas las mascarillas N95/PFF2 tenían suciedad, correas de sujeción sueltas y clips nasales dañados, y el 80% tenía pliegues. La microscopía electrónica reveló un aumento de poros y aflojamiento en las tramas a partir de los siete días, extendiéndose hasta los quince días, con presencia de microagujeros y residuos. Conclusión: la reutilización de las mascarillas N95/PFF2 compromete su integridad estructural y morfológica. Es crucial realizar pruebas para medir el impacto de esta práctica en la seguridad de los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo N95PFF2 NPFF N95 PFF2 N PFF N95/PFF fibras porosidad componentes días Método transversal n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 barrido Resultados 40 60 mostraron respectivamente interna Además 20 yo o 100 dañados 80 pliegues residuos Conclusión morfológica salud N95PFF N9 n=1 n1 1 (n=1 4 6 2 8 n= (n= (n

The interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter provides an opportunity to investigate the properties of materials at atomic and subatomic scales. Specifically, X-rays have been widely used due to their ability to probe the atomic, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials. The advent of synchrotron particle accelerators has revolutionized research in this field. By providing intense and highly focused X-ray sources, with spatial and temporal coherence over a wide energy range, these facilities have enabled the development of a wide range of experimental techniques, including spectroscopies, microscopies, and X-ray scattering. In the context of the mini-course held at the XI Brazilian School of Magnetism, this article provides an overview of the most commonly used synchrotron light techniques for studying magnetic materials, highlighting their applications, basic principles, and contributions to advancing knowledge in the field. scales Specifically Xrays X rays electronic field Xray ray sources spectroscopies microscopies scattering minicourse mini course Magnetism applications principles

A interação entre a radiação eletromagnética e a matéria oferece uma oportunidade para investigar as propriedades dos materiais em escala atômica e subatômica. Os raios X, em particular, tem sido amplamente utilizados devido à sua capacidade de sondar a estrutura atômica, eletrônica e magnética dos materiais. O advento dos aceleradores de partículas do tipo síncrotron revolucionou a pesquisa nessa área. Proporcionando fontes de raios X intensas e altamente focalizadas, com coerência espacial e temporal em uma ampla faixa de energia, essas instalações permitiram o desenvolvimento de uma ampla gama de técnicas experimentais, incluindo espectroscopias, microscopias e espalhamento de raios X. No contexto do minicurso ministrado na XI Escola Brasileira de Magnetismo, este artigo fornece uma visão geral das técnicas de luz síncrotron mais utilizadas atualmente para o estudo de materiais magnéticos, destacando suas aplicações, princípios de funcionamento e contribuições para o avanço do conhecimento na área. subatômica particular área focalizadas energia experimentais espectroscopias Magnetismo magnéticos aplicações

Abstract Paspalum vaginatumis a halophyte plant found along coastal plains, which presents cells with atypically thickened walls in the ground tissue of the stem stele (GTS). The tolerance of this species to high salinity and water stress led us to investigate whether the thickened walls could be related to adaptation to the coastal environment. Thus, we sought to characterize the cell walls that make up the GTS ofP. vaginatum, describe the tissue, and verify the influence of the water resource on the thickening of the walls and a possible function related to the reserve of substances. For this, analyses were carried out using light microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, and histochemical tests. The samples were collected in the field during low and high rainfall periods.Paspalum vaginatumGTS cells have pectic-cellulosic primary walls. In most basal internodes, these cells presented thickened walls formed in two to three layers. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the level of precipitation is directly related to cell wall thickening. The data suggest the storage and mobilization of substances through the cell wall of the specialized parenchyma. plains GTS. . (GTS) environment Thus ofP vaginatum microscopy tests periodsPaspalum periods pecticcellulosic pectic cellulosic internodes layers parenchyma (GTS

Resumo Paspalum vaginatum é uma planta halófita encontrada ao longo de planícies litorâneas, que apresenta células com paredes atipicamente espessadas no tecido fundamental do estelo caulinar (TFE). A tolerância dessa espécie a alta salinidade e déficit hídrico nos levou a investigar se as paredes espessadas poderiam estar relacionadas à adaptação ao ambiente costeiro. Dessa forma, buscou-se caracterizar as paredes celulares que constituem o TFE de P. vaginatum, descrever o tecido, assim como verificar a influência do recurso hídrico no espessamento das paredes e uma possível função relacionada à reserva de substâncias. Para isso, foram realizadas análises em microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e testes histoquímicos. As amostras foram coletadas a campo em período de baixa e alta pluviosidade. As células do TFE de P. vaginatum possuem paredes primárias péctico-celulósicas. Nos entrenós mais basais, essas células apresentaram paredes espessadas formadas por duas a três camadas distintas. A análise estatística demonstrou que o nível de precipitação está diretamente relacionado ao espessamento da parede celular. Os dados sugerem o armazenamento e mobilização de substâncias através da parede celular do parênquima especializado. litorâneas TFE. . (TFE) costeiro forma buscouse buscou P isso luz histoquímicos pluviosidade pécticocelulósicas. pécticocelulósicas péctico celulósicas. celulósicas péctico-celulósicas basais distintas especializado (TFE

ABSTRACT Regosols (Neossolos) are soils with use limitations mainly related to effective depth, abundant presence of rock and saprolite fragments, and frequently high slope gradients; besides that, they represent a new agricultural frontier for grain production in southern Brazil. This study evaluated soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and water retention and availability in Regosols and saprolites derived from volcanic rocks in southern Brazil and the relationship of these variables with porosity in saprolithic horizons characterized by mineralogical weathering. The study was carried out on eight profiles derived from basic and acidic volcanic rocks of the Serra Geral Formation. We evaluated soil morphology, granulometry, porosity, bulk density (BD), Ksat, water retention, electronic/ optical microscopy and chemical composition of parent materials, and soil mineralogy. Soil Ksat ranged from 0.0 to 6.40 cm h-1 in the evaluated horizons, without significant difference between the A and Cr horizons. Seven soil profiles showed BD equal to or less than 1.28 Mg m-3 for the Cr samples. Total porosity in the Cr horizons was above 0.5 m3 m-3 and not significantly different from A horizons. In five of the eight soil profiles, one or more Cr horizons presented greater available water than A horizons. Electronic and optical microscopy evidenced abundant cracks and mineralogical weathering in the rock samples. X-rays diffraction data also indicated advanced degree of weathering of Cr horizons, evidencing abundant formation of pores in the saprolite. and justifying the high-water retention in Regosols profiles in southern Brazil. Neossolos (Neossolos depth fragments gradients that (Ksat Formation morphology granulometry BD, , (BD) electronic materials mineralogy 00 0 0. 640 6 40 6.4 h1 h 1 h- 128 28 1.2 m 3 m- samples 05 5 Xrays X rays highwater (BD 64 4 6. 12 2 1.

Abstract Kefir is a functional drink with potential market growth and several beneficial properties to the human body such as intestinal microbiota balance and anti-inflammatory properties. It is produced from grains that multiply from an initial culture of microorganisms that ferment sucrose, resulting in a slightly acidic, carbonated and low-alcohol beverage. The objective of this work was to use three different substrates for the fermentation (coconut, brown, and refined sugar) and to carry out analyzes of pH, titratable acidity (TA), and soluble solids content during 48 h of the process. In the grains, microbial biomass, dry mass content, and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. Five fermentations were made for each sugar. The results showed differences in the use of sugar, concluding that there was a greater difference in relation to refined sugar and the others. Drinks fermented in coconut and brown sugar showed pH and acidity values within the ranges found in the consulted literature, with grain structures that provided good adhesion of microorganisms, which was not noticed in refined sugar grains. This may be due to the white sugar’s refining process involving chemical compounds, causing the sugar to have a high sucrose content but a low concentration of minerals and nutrients that favor grain growth. However, grains did not show a high mass gain, which may have been caused by the proportion of sugar/grain (40 g/26 g), temperature (27 °C), and time (48 h) used. Considering the aforementioned parameters, this pioneering study compared coconut, brown, and refined sugars. It was concluded that coconut and brown sugars were more suitable for the fermentation of the kefir drink, due to their similarities with the desired characteristics. antiinflammatory anti inflammatory acidic lowalcohol alcohol beverage (coconut TA, TA , (TA) 4 biomass SEM (SEM evaluated others literature s compounds However gain sugargrain 40 (4 g26 g 26 g/2 g, g) 27 (2 °C, C °C °C) used parameters characteristics (TA ( g2 2 g/

Resumo O kefir é uma bebida funcional com potencial crescimento de mercado e diversas propriedades benéficas ao organismo humano, como equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal e propriedades anti-inflamatórias. Ele é produzido a partir de grãos que se multiplicam de uma cultura inicial de microrganismos que fermentam sacarose, resultando em uma bebida levemente ácida, gaseificada e com baixo teor alcóolico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar três diferentes substratos para a fermentação (açúcar de coco, mascavo e refinado) e realizar análises de pH, acidez titulável e teor de sólidos solúveis durante 48 h do processo. Nos grãos, foram avaliados biomassa microbiana, teor de massa seca e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram feitas cinco fermentações para cada açúcar. Os resultados apresentaram diferenças na utilização dos açúcares, concluindo maior diferença em relação ao açúcar refinado e os demais. As bebidas fermentadas em açúcar de coco e mascavo apresentaram valores de pH e acidez dentro das faixas encontradas na literatura consultada, com estruturas de grãos que proporcionaram boa aderência dos microrganismos, o que não foi notado nos grãos de açúcar refinado. Tal fato pode ser devido ao processo de refino do açúcar branco que envolve compostos químicos, fazendo com que o açúcar possua alto teor de sacarose, porém baixa concentração de minerais e nutrientes que favorecem o crescimento dos grãos. No entanto, os grãos não apresentaram alto ganho de massa, o que pode ter sido causado pela proporção de açúcar/grão (40 g/26 g), pela temperatura (27 °C) e tempo (48 h) utilizados. Este estudo pioneiro comparou os açúcares de coco, mascavo e refinado, considerando os parâmetros mencionados. Concluiu-se que os açúcares de coco e mascavo foram mais adequados para a fermentação da bebida de kefir, por suas semelhanças com as características desejadas. humano antiinflamatórias. antiinflamatórias anti inflamatórias. inflamatórias anti-inflamatórias sacarose ácida alcóolico 4 microbiana MEV. MEV . (MEV) demais consultada químicos entanto açúcargrão grão 40 (4 g26 g 26 g/2 g, , g) 27 (2 °C C utilizados mencionados Concluiuse Concluiu desejadas (MEV ( g2 2 g/

Resumen: Desde hace una década el Programa Arqueológico Huanchaco viene investigando diversos sitios en la bahía de Huanchaco, Región La Libertad, costa norte del Perú, en los que han sido recuperados un centenar de objetos metálicos asociados a diversos periodos culturales. Para este estudio se tomó una muestra de cinco objetos de metal que fueron analizados por las técnicas de microscopía óptica, electrónica y radiografías digitales. Estas piezas estuvieron asociadas a contextos estratigráficos controlados con fechados AMS que los vinculan a rangos temporales absolutos entre el 400-200 AC y el 200-500 DC. Los resultados muestran que la técnica de cobre dorado por eliminación fue empleada por los orfebres entre el 400-200 AC, lo que indicaría que su utilización es más temprana de lo que se conocía a la fecha. En este mismo estudio se muestra cómo el uso de esta técnica es continuada por sociedades posteriores hasta el 450/500 DC. Luego, orfebres de la sociedad moche (450/500 - 800/850 DC) comienzan a introducir nuevas técnicas orfebres de dorado observables en algunos objetos utilizados en Huanchaco. En suma, las muestras analizadas son reducidas, pero por provenir de contextos controlados resultan de gran importancia.

Abstract: During the last ten years, the Huanchaco Archaeological Program has investigated many sites on the Huanchaco coast, La Libertad Region, North Coast of Peru, where a hundred metallic objects associated with various cultural periods have been recovered. For this paper, we have chosen five metal artifacts associated with secure contexts and with AMS dates, which were analyzed using optical and electronic microscopy as well as digital X-rays. The absolute temporal frames for these artifacts are between 400 and 200 cal. BC (late Early Horizon) and AD 200-500. Our results indicate that between 400 and 200 cal. BC, the gilded depletion copper technique was in use, which according to our knowledge is the earliest reported for the Andean region. This study shows how the use of this technique is continued by later societies until AD 450/500. After this period, goldsmiths of the Moche society (AD 450/500 - 800/850) began to introduce new goldsmithing techniques, observable in some objects used in Huanchaco. In sum, the samples are scarce, but due to their origins from controlled contexts, they are of utmost importance.

Hexagonal boron nitride is a 2D material with excellent properties, such as large band gap, high thermal and chemical stability, transparency, and high oxidation and corrosion resistance. These properties make h-BN a suitable candidate to be used in the development of advanced coatings. However, as for other nanomaterials, tailoring and controlling the properties of h-BN is a fundamental key to its application into several fields. Here, the wetting properties of h-BN were investigated when it is exfoliated by ultrasonic cavitation in different solvents such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), dioxane (Dx), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl formamide (DMF). The wetting properties of the different h-BN materials were determined by measuring the water contact angle (WCA) of h-BN thin films deposited on silicon dioxide. Different contact angles were observed for each sample, the different WCA values are explained by the differences in the structure and roughness of the thin film surfaces obtained just by changing the solvent during exfoliation. These surface properties were characterized by optic and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) pulp presents a large number of secondary metabolites that can mediate the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles through a greener and more sustainable synthetic route than traditional ones. This study investigated the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by aqueous extracts of tucumã pulp assessing different parameters, such as temperature, concentration of extract, and pH values of the reaction media. The alkaline reaction media produced the most intense and well-defined bands around 400 nm in the electronic spectra, indicating the formation of AgNPs in the three concentrations of tucumã pulp evaluated. The increase in the temperature of the reaction media also enhanced the surface plasmon resonance band of AgNPs but it increased the polydispersivity of produced nanoparticles according to the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data. Zeta potential results indicated moderate stability of the AgNPs (close to -30 mV). Antimicrobial assessment of the colloidal metal particles indicated microbicide activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterium. Astrocaryum aculeatum ones (AgNPs parameters extract welldefined well defined 40 spectra evaluated DLS (DLS TEM (TEM data close 30 -3 mV. mV . mV) Gramnegative Gram negative bacterium 4 3 -