Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor used in different commercial polymers, is a persistent pollutant commonly found in effluents. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have low chemical removal efficiency and are expensive. This work evaluated BPA removal using laccase enzyme produced from white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. For the enzymatic production, residues of acai berry and pineapple were used as laccase inducers. The use of natural inducers led to a high enzyme production (1139 and 1031 U mL−1 to acai and pineapple, respectively). Bisphenol A was removed to a concentration lower than LOD (limit of detection) after 4 h. The degradation mechanism of BPA occurred by oxidation of methyl to hydroxymethyl group in a propane portion, with breakdown of the aromatic ring. The developed technology brought to the scene a new green, viable methodology, using vegetable waste, adding value to these residues and bringing an alternative to the BPA treatment. BPA, , (BPA) polymers effluents expensive ostreatus 1139 (113 103 mL1 mL 1 mL− respectively. respectively . respectively) limit detection h portion ring green methodology waste (BPA 113 (11 10 11 (1 (

Palygoskite pellets were synthesized with lignin and WAX® and subjected to technological characterization for application in the remediation of Pb ions contained in aqueous effluents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the palygorskite:lignin:WAX® material in a proportion of 70:15:15 revealed that the heat treatment of the pellets did not compromise the crystalline structure of the palygoskite. Texture analyses demonstrated that the surface area increased after synthesis and heat treatment, thus increasing the adsorption capacity. Regarding porosity, X-ray microtomography revealed that the pellets exhibit an irregular and porous spherical morphology with interconnected pores. Adsorption tests showed a removal of 73% of PbII contained in aqueous effluents after 15 min, with equilibrium reached in 60 min (88.36%). After the adsorption process, the presence of lead in the material was qualitatively confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) images. The produced pellets exhibit promising adsorbent qualities, such as strength and effective PbII ion adsorption. WAX Xray X ray XRD (XRD palygorskiteligninWAX® palygorskiteligninWAX palygorskite palygorskite:lignin:WAX 701515 70 70:15:1 palygoskite capacity porosity pores 73 1 6 88.36%. 8836 88.36% . 88 36 (88.36%) process energydispersive energy dispersive SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS images qualities 70151 7 70:15: 883 88.36 8 3 (88.36% 7015 70:15 88.3 (88.36 701 70:1 88. (88.3 70: (88. (88 (8 (

Electrooxidation is an efficient method for treating effluents with high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen and organic matter (R), in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-). The present study aimed at degrading ammoniacal nitrogen and organic matter from an effluent generated at a fertilizer storage port terminal. For this purpose, a batch electrochemical reactor with mechanical agitation was used, with a Ti/RuO2 anode. The parameters studied were the current density that varied in 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2, the concentration of chloride ions that was 0.04, 0.74, 0.90 to 0.81 mol L-1 and the electrolysis time that varied from 4.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0 h. A 22 experimental design was conducted to determine the significance level of the parameters studied. The results obtained indicated the removal of 99.99% of N-NH3 and 75.60% of total organic carbon (TOC) when a current density of 60 mA cm-2 and a Cl- concentration of 35.5 g L-1 were applied, after 4.0 h of electrolysis. R, R , (R) Cl. Cl . (Cl-) terminal purpose used TiRuO2 TiRuO Ti RuO2 RuO Ti/RuO anode 20 4 6 cm2, cm2 cm 2, 2 004 0 04 0.04 074 74 0.74 090 90 0.9 081 81 0.8 L1 L 1 L- 50 5 5.0 70 7 7. 80 8 8. 9999 99 99.99 NNH3 NNH N NH3 NH N-NH 7560 75 75.60 TOC (TOC cm- 355 35 35. applied 4. (R (Cl- 00 0.0 07 0.7 09 9 0. 08 5. 999 99.9 756 75.6 3 (Cl 99. 75.

ABSTRACT The rock-fluid interaction is associated with formation damage and occurs due to the introduction of foreign fluids that cause chemical and physical imbalances in the rock matrix and in the fluids insides, which reduces the permeability of formation The objective of the research is to evaluate properties of rock-fluid interaction in an improved recovery process. The research is developed on a laboratory scale with injection of chemical formulation, in search of alternatives for the improvement of oil production and the increase of the recovery factor of the reservoirs. Wettability tests and physical-chemical characterization of the injected fluids and effluents (total dissolved solids, density, conductivity, chloride, calcium, magnesium and pH) were carried out before and after contact with the formation. Based on determinations of density, water and sediment content, asphaltenes and rheological behavior, the characterization of the crude oil from the Seboruco well was carried out, as well as the layer water that was analyzed for its ionic composition and its classification. Such tests indicated a heavy and pseudoplastic crude oil, and a sodium hydrocarbonated layer water. The rock-fluid interaction tests showed significant changes in the wettability of the rock, from to oil-wet to water-wet. The analyzes of the effluents corroborated ionic exchange in the rock-fluid system such as: The increases in pH and increased content of chloride, calcium and magnesium obtained during the formulation step, which in some way favored the displacement of crude oil in the porous medium.

RESUMEN La interacción roca-fluido se asocia al daño de la formación y ocurre por introducción de “fluidos extraños” que causan desequilibrios químicos y físicos en la matriz de la roca y en los fluidos en su interior, lo que reduce la permeabilidad de la formación. La investigación tiene como objetivo: evaluar propiedades de interacción roca-fluido en un proceso de recuperación mejorada, a escala de laboratorio, con inyección de formulación química, en búsqueda de alternativas para el mejoramiento de la producción de petróleo e incremento del factor de recobro de los yacimientos. Se realizaron ensayos de mojabilidad y caracterización física y química de los fluidos inyectados y los efluentes (sólidos totales disueltos, densidad, conductividad, cloruro, calcio, magnesio y pH) antes y después del contacto con la formación. Sobre la base de determinaciones de densidad, contenido de agua y sedimento, asfaltenos y comportamiento reológico, se realizó la caracterización del crudo del pozo Seboruco y también del agua de capa que fue analizada en cuanto su composición iónica y su clasificación. Tales ensayos indicaron un crudo pesado y seudoplástico y el agua de capa del tipo hidrocarbonada sódica. Los ensayos de interacción roca-fluido evidenciaron cambios significativos en la mojabilidad de la roca, de oleohumectada a acuohumectada. Los análisis de los efluentes corroboraron intercambio iónico en el sistema roca-fluido como son: los incrementos de pH y aumento de contenido de cloruro, calcio y magnesio, obtenido al paso de la formulación, que en alguna forma favorecieron al desplazamiento del crudo en el medio poroso.

ABSTRACT The canonical correlation is used to correlate groups of distinct variables. The objective of this study was to use canonical correlation analysis to evaluate the interaction between water quality attributes clogging-causing and the hydraulic performance of non-pressure compensating drippers operating with dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water. The experiment was in a completely randomized design in a split-split-plot scheme with three replicates, with five dilutions in the plots (Dilution 1: 100% aquaculture effluent; Dilution 2: 75% aquaculture effluent + 25% well water; Dilution 3: 50% aquaculture effluent + 50% well water; Dilution 4: 25% aquaculture effluent + 75% well water; and Dilution 5: 100% well water), three emitters in the sub-plots (ST (1.6 L h-1), SL (1.6 L h-1) and NJ (1.7 L h-1)), and three operating times in the sub-subplots (0, 80 and 160 hours, in which 0 hours operating time means the start of evaluations). The statistical analyses performed were correlation matrix and canonical analysis. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that when the concentrations of attributes increase, the hydraulic performance of the drippers decreases. The interaction of this group of attributes indicates that the clogging of drippers operating with the five dilutions of aquaculture effluent in well water occurs by the combined action of physical, chemical, and biological agents. The ST dripper was the least sensitive to the group of quality attributes of the dilutions, whereas the most sensitive was the SL dripper. variables cloggingcausing causing nonpressure non pressure splitsplitplot split plot replicates 1 100 2 75 25 3 50 4 5 water, , water) subplots sub 1.6 16 6 (1. h1, h1 h h-1 1.7 17 7 h-1)) subsubplots 0, (0 8 evaluations. evaluations . evaluations) increase decreases physical chemical agents 10 1. (1 h- (

RESUMO A correlação canônica é usada para correlacionar grupos de variáveis distintas. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar análise de correlação canônica para avaliar a interação entre atributos de qualidade da água causadores de entupimento e o desempenho hidráulico de gotejadores não autocompensantes operando com diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com três repetições, com cinco diluições nas parcelas (Diluição 1: 100% de efluente de aquicultura; Diluição 2: 75% de efluente de aquicultura + 25% de água de poço; Diluição 3 : 50% efluente de aquicultura + 50% água de poço; Diluição 4: 25% efluente de aquicultura + 75% água de poço; e Diluição 5: 100% água de poço), três emissores nas subparcelas (ST (1,6 L h-1) , SL (1,6 L h-1) e NJ (1,7 L h-1)), e três tempos de operação nas subsubparcelas (início do experimento, 80 e 160 horas, em que 0 horas de operação significa o início das avaliações). As análises estatísticas realizadas foram matriz de correlação e análise canônica. A análise de correlação canônica indicou que quando as concentrações dos atributos aumentam, o desempenho hidráulico dos gotejadores diminui. A interação desse grupo de atributos indica que o entupimento dos gotejadores que operam com as cinco diluições de efluente de aquicultura em água de poço ocorre pela ação combinada de agentes físicos, químicos e biológicos. O gotejador ST foi o menos sensível ao grupo de atributos de qualidade das diluições, enquanto o mais sensível foi o gotejador SL. distintas casualizado subsubdivididas repetições 1 100 2 75 25 50 4 5 poço, poço) 1,6 16 6 (1, h1 h h-1 1,7 17 7 h1, h-1)) 8 avaliações. avaliações . avaliações) aumentam diminui físicos biológicos 10 1, (1 h- (

Stormwater harvesting is a promising solution for global freshwater depletion, particularly in tropical regions with abundant rainfall. However, it is not widely used due to the lack of suitable treatment technologies for domestic applications. Multi-stage filtration (MSF) is an effective integrated treatment technology that provides a cost-effective alternative for stormwater treatment. This study investigated MSF's capacity for treating stormwater at different stages. The MSF designed and built comprised the down-flow roughing filter (DRF) and slow sand filter (SSF). The results achieved by the MSF for the treated effluents were: pH (7.1-8.1), temperature (27.6-29.4°C), electrical conductivity (EC) (100-190 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (70-130 mg/L). Turbidity removal efficiency of the MSF was in the range of 36-99% (5.825-164.05 NTU) and the overall average removal efficiency of the MSF was 74%, 90% and 86% for total coliforms (TC) (360-11 800 CFU/ 100 mL), faecal coliforms (FC) (0-1 300 CFU/100 mL) and Enterococcus spp. (120- 1 400 CFU/100 mL), respectively. The study identified stormwater reuse potentials based on international guidelines and benchmarks. For the treated effluent, pH, temperature, EC and TDS were all within the permissible limits for toilet, laundry, bathing, recreational and agricultural water reuse, while turbidity suited agricultural (non-food crop) and restricted urban reuse. 46% of the effluent was suitable for recreational purposes as this satisfied the 50 NTU standard. 62.5% of the effluent satisfied the FC standard for toilets and urinals and agricultural reuse (non-food crop) purposes, while 87.5 % of the effluent satisfied urban reuse purposes (restricted access). 66.67% of the effluent satisfied the Enterococcus spp. standard for agricultural reuse (non-food crop). All treated effluents satisfied the TC bathing standard. This study shows that after minimal disinfection, stormwater effluents offer potential reuse in household applications, thereby reducing potable water demand.

ABSTRACT: Due to the increase in the cost of production and the environmental pollution caused by the effluents of the oil palm industry, environmentally friendly solutions are being sought. The objective of the research was to evaluate Accelerated Organic Liquid Fertilizer (ALOA) from palm industry effluents, through homolactic biofermentation processes. Five treatments were evaluated: T1 (80% florentine effluent+10% garlac+10% molasses), T2 (80% overflow effluent+10% garlac+10% molasses), T3 (40% florentine effluent+40% of overflow effluent+10% garlac+10% molasses), T4 (70% of florentino effluent+10% palm kernel+10% garlac + 10% molasses) and T5 (70% of overflow effluent+10% palm kernel+10% garlac+10% molasses), under a Complete Randomized Design (RCD), with four repetitions. The T4 obtained the best result with 4.3 pH, 28.54 dS*m-1 in Electrical Conductivity (EC) and the highest content of nitrogen (9560.46 mg*L-1), phosphorus (1620.79 mg*L-1), potassium (6787.50 mg*L-1), organic matter 262.01 g*L-1 and total solids 302.80 g*L-1. Preparing an ALOA from the Florentine effluent, overflow and palm kernel from the oil palm industry is an alternative to reduce environmental pollution.

RESUMEN: El incremento del costo de producción y por la contaminación ambiental provocada por los efluentes de la industria de la palma aceitera se buscan soluciones amigables con el medio ambiente. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el Abono Líquido Orgánico Acelerado (ALOA) a partir de efluentes de la industria de palma, mediante procesos de biofermentación homoláctica. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos T1 (80% de efluente de florentino+10% garlac+10% melaza), T2 (80% de efluente de rebose+10% garlac+10% melaza), T3 (40% de efluente de florentino+40% de efluente de rebose+10% garlac+10% melaza), T4 (70% de efluente de florentino+10% palmiste+10% garlac+10% melaza) y T5 (70% de efluente de rebose+10% palmiste+10% garlac+10% melaza), bajo un Diseño Completo al Azar (DCA), con cuatro repeticiones. El T4 obtuvo el mejor resultado con 4,3 de pH; 28,54 dS*m-1 en Conductividad Eléctrica (CE) y el mayor contenido de nitrógeno (9560,46 mg*L-1), fósforo (1620,79 mg*L-1), potasio (6787,50 mg*L-1), materia orgánica 262,01 g*L-1 y sólidos totales 302,80 g*L-1. Elaborar un ALOA a partir del efluente florentino, rebose y palmiste procedente de la industria de la palma aceitera es una alternativa para disminuir la contaminación ambiental.

Abstract Introduction: The aquaculture industry is constantly growing, registering a global production of almost 88 million tonnes by 2020. This industry brings environmental problems if its effluents are not properly treated. In 2020, the first technology-based company of CONICET was established in Argentine Patagonia whose purpose is the aquaculture production of the green sea urchin, Arbacia dufresnii to develop a range of nutraceutical products. Its cultivation system entails a commitment to sustainability since its creation, and yet it generates effluents with high levels of nitrates and phosphates. Objective: Given this scenario, and valuing bioremediation as a water treatment tool, the use of marine microalgae as phytoremediating agents of aquaculture effluent is proposed in this work. Methods: The microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica, Rhodomona salina, Nanochloropsis galvana and Cylindrotheca closterium were use; which are used as food for sea urchins larvae in the production process. An experiment was designed that compares the microalgal growth and the removal capacity of nutrients in the effluent in contrast to the artificial culture medium currently used in the production cycle. Results: It is possible to remedy the aquaculture industry’s effluent by employing the selected microalgae, with a percentage of removal efficiency of 100 % of the nitrate and an average removal efficiency percentage of 50 % for all the microalgae tested. Likewise, significantly higher microalgal biomass values were obtained when the culture was carried out in the effluent the culture in the artificial environment. Conclusions: The advances in research provided in this work show that it is possible to take advantage of a discard to cultivate microalgae, even improving microalgal productivity for use as food, reducing the costs involved in the microalgal production sector by changing the use of the type of current culture medium (F/2) for that from a current discard. These advances, if scaled and validated, can improve industry sustainability standards within the framework of a circular economy.

Resumen Introducción: La industria acuícola está en constante crecimiento, registrando una producción mundial de casi 88 millones de toneladas para el año 2020. Esta industria trae consigo problemas ambientales si sus efluentes no son debidamente tratados. En el 2020, se constituyó la primera empresa de base tecnológica del CONICET en la Patagonia Argentina cuyo propósito es la producción acuícola del erizo verde de mar, Arbacia dufresnii con la finalidad de elaborar una gama de productos nutracéuticos. Su sistema de cultivo conlleva un compromiso de sustentabilidad desde su creación, y sin embargo genera efluentes con niveles altos de nitratos y fosfatos. Objetivo: Ante este escenario, y valorizando la biorremediación como herramienta de tratamiento de aguas, se propone en este trabajo la utilización de las microalgas marinas como agentes fitorremediadores del efluente acuícola. Métodos: Se utilizaron las microalgas Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica., Rhodomona salina., Nanochloropsis galvana y Cylindrotheca closterium, las cuales son usadas como alimento de las larvas del erizo en el proceso productivo. Se diseñó un experimento que compara el crecimiento microalgal y la capacidad de remoción de los nutrientes en el efluente en contraste con el medio de cultivo artificial actualmente usado en el ciclo productivo. Resultados: Es posible remediar el efluente de la industria acuícola mediante las microalgas seleccionadas, con porcentaje de eficacia de remoción del 100 % del nitrato y un porcentaje de eficacia de remoción promedio de 50 % para todas las microalgas testeadas. Asimismo, se obtuvieron valores de biomasa microalgal significativamente mayores cuando el cultivo fue realizado en el efluente respecto del cultivo en el medio artificial. Conclusiones: Los avances en investigación proporcionados en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que es posible el aprovechamiento de un descarte para cultivar las microalgas, incluso mejorando la productividad microalgal para su uso como alimento, disminuyendo los costos involucrados en el sector de producción microalgal cambiando el uso del tipo de medio de cultivo actual (F/2) por el proveniente de un descarte. Estos avances si son escalados y validados, pueden mejorar los estándares de sustentabilidad de la industria en el marco de una economía circular.

ABSTRACT Introduction: According to Barros (2017), Bentonite is a mixture of clays, generally impure, very fine grained, formed mainly by 60 to 80% of montmorillonite and also Kaolinite, Calcite and Pyrite. At the operational base of Petromoc Maputo Company, there is a set of tanks for fuel storage, that from a complex of tanks with coupled pipelines for the entry and withdrawal of fuels and effluent disposal. Objective: To evaluate the use of bentonite in the removal of toxic cations from the effluents generated at Petromoc Company. Materials and Methods: Bentonite samples were collected at the Industrial Minerals company. The effluent and influent samples were collected in the separator box of the operational base. The physicochemical experiments were carried out at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Eduardo Mondlane University. For the physical characterization of the bentonite, the pycnometric density, porosity (P) and specific surface area were determined. The mineralogical characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical characterization of the effluent and influent was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: Mineralogical characterization showed the presence of bentonite minerals. The pH of the effluent before interacting with the bentonite was 3.22, after interaction the pH is between 5.8 and 9. High concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Titanium (Ti) and Zinc (Zn) were determined in the effluent before the interaction with the bentonite. After the interaction, a removal of toxic elements is verified. Conclusions: The bentonite showed high efficiency in the removal of toxic cations.

RESUMEN Introducción: Según Barros (2017), la Bentonita es una mezcla de arcillas, generalmente impuras, de grano muy fino, formada principalmente por 60 a 80% de montmorillonita y también Caolinita, Calcita y Pirita. En la base operacional de la Empresa Petromoc Maputo, existe un conjunto de tanques para el almacenamiento de combustibles que forman un complejo de depósitos con tuberías acopladas para la entrada y retirada de combustibles y eliminación de efluentes. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de la bentonita en la remoción de cationes tóxicos de los vertidos generados en la empresa Petromoc. Materiales y Métodos: La recogida de muestras de bentonita se realizó en la empresa de Minerales Industriales. Las muestras efluente y afluente se colectaron en la caja separadora de la base Operacional. Los experimentos fisicoquímicos se ejecutaron en el Laboratorio de Química Analítica de la Universidad Eduardo Mondlane. Para la caracterización física de la bentonita, se determinaron la densidad picnométrica, porosidad (P) y superficie específica. La caracterización mineralógica se realizó por análisis de difracción de rayos X. La caracterización química del efluente y afluente se realizó mediante la Espectroscopía de Emisión Atómica por Plasma Inductivamente acoplado. Resultados y Discusión: La caracterización mineralógica demostró la presencia de minerales de bentonita. El pH del efluente antes de interactuar con la bentonita era de 3,22, tras la interacción el pH está entre 5,8 a 9. Se determinaron altas concentraciones de Cadmio (Cd), Cromo (Cr), Cobre (Cu), Titanio (Ti) y Zinc (Zn), en el efluente antes de la interacción con la bentonita. Después de la interacción, se verifica remoción de elementos tóxicos. Conclusiones: La bentonita demostró alta eficiencia en la remoción de cationes tóxicos.

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P < 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies. Pakistan nutrients therefore wastes drain 15 1 5 1.5% 30 3 0 3.0% 45 4 4.5 P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) hazards Therefore 1.5 3.0 4. 00 0.0 1. 3. 0.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos d’água contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P < 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P < 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos d’água. Paquistão cardiovascular dágua d nutrientes Portanto Chakbandi 15 1 5 1,5% 3 45 4 4,5 aquários P 0,05. 005 0,05 . 0 05 0,05) lado aquáticos dágua. água. 1,5 4, 00 0,0 1, 0,

Abstract Due to the need to achieve the principles of sustainable development and to understand the processes of formation of phytocenoses in areas that were adversely affected by the industrial impact, this study assessed the condition of the Grachevsky uranium mine (Kazakhstan), which underwent conservation procedures about 25 years ago. The purpose is to determine the level of water quality and phytocenosis of the shores of the reservoir accumulating natural effluents from reclaimed dumps and anthropogenic sites of a uranium mine, as well as quality indicators and toxicology. The assessment included a qualitative research method (analysis of documents) to determine agro-climatic conditions and empirical methods of collecting information. The authors studied the intensity of ionizing radiation of the gamma background of the water surface of the reservoir (and sections of the shoreline and territories adjacent to the reservoir), and hydrochemical parameters of the waters of the reservoir, and performed a description of the botanical diversity. The vegetation cover of the sections of the reservoir shore is at different stages of syngenesis and is represented by pioneer groupings, group thicket communities, and diffuse communities. Favorable ecological conditions for the settlement and development of plants develop within the shores of the reservoir. The intensity levels of ionizing radiation do not exceed the maximum permissible levels and practically do not affect the formation of phytocenoses. An anthropogenically modified dry meadow with the participation of plants typical of the steppe zone has been formed on the floodplain terrace. Concerning the indicators of quality and toxicology of this reservoir, the water can be used for household and drinking purposes under the condition of prior water treatment. It can be concluded that a high level of natural purification of the reservoir waters occurred within twenty years after the reclamation of the uranium mine. impact Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan , (Kazakhstan) 2 ago analysis documents agroclimatic agro climatic information reservoir) diversity groupings communities terrace treatment (Kazakhstan

Resumo Devido à necessidade de alcançar os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável e de compreender os processos de formação de fitocenoses em áreas que foram negativamente afetadas pelo impacto industrial, este estudo avaliou o estado da mina de urânio de Grachevsky (Cazaquistão), que foi submetida a procedimentos de conservação há cerca de 25 anos. O objetivo é determinar o nível de qualidade da água e fitocenose das margens do reservatório que acumula efluentes naturais provenientes de depósitos recuperados e sítios antrópicos de uma mina de urânio, bem como indicadores de qualidade e toxicologia. A avaliação incluiu um método de investigação qualitativa (análise de documentos) para determinar as condições agroclimáticas e métodos empíricos de coleta de informação. Os autores estudaram a intensidade da radiação ionizante do fundo gama da superfície da água do reservatório (e seções da linha de costa e territórios adjacentes ao reservatório), bem como os parâmetros hidroquímicos das águas do reservatório, e fizeram uma descrição da diversidade botânica. A cobertura vegetal da seções da margem do reservatório encontra-se em diferentes estádios de singênese e é representada por agrupamentos pioneiros, comunidades de arbustos agrupados e comunidades difusas. Nas margens do resevatório desenvolvem-se condições ecológicas favoráveis à fixação e desenvolvimento das plantas. Os níveis de intensidade da radiação ionizante não ultrapassam os níveis máximos admissíveis e praticamente não afetam a formação de fitocenoses. No terraço da planície de inundação formou-se um prado seco modificado antropogenicamente com a participação de plantas típicas da zona de estepe. Em relação aos indicadores de qualidade e toxicologia deste reservatório, a água pode ser utilizada para fins domésticos e de consumo, desde que seja objeto de um tratamento prévio. Pode concluir-se que ocorreu um elevado nível de purificação natural das águas do reservatório nos vinte anos seguintes à recuperação da mina de urânio. industrial Cazaquistão, Cazaquistão , (Cazaquistão) 2 análise documentos informação reservatório) botânica encontrase encontra se pioneiros difusas desenvolvemse desenvolvem formouse formou estepe consumo prévio concluirse concluir (Cazaquistão

Abstract Brazil is considered a world leader in paper production. It is estimated that the sector contributes 46.5% of the national gross domestic product, and its effluents have high concentrations of organic matter and recalcitrant compounds which can cause coloration and ecotoxicity, generating impact if not properly treated. A potential strategy for the treatment of this wastewater is bioaugmentation with native bacteria isolated from the industrial sludge and effluent, which, due to their potential metabolism adapted to adverse environmental conditions, may favor the removal of specific compounds. When associated with immobilization techniques, the inoculum can develop as a biofilm adhered to a support medium, which provides surfaces for adhesion, growth and survival of bacteria. We therefore investigated the treatment of Kraft pulp effluent by bioaugmentation with the autochthonous bacterium Advenella kashmirensis both immobilized in a spongy support medium - Aqua Porous Gel (APG) - and in free-swimming (planktonic) form, denominated Phase I and II, respectively. The investigation was performed in a bench-scale aerated lagoon system with untreated industrial effluent. The effect of the use of bacteria in bioaugmentation was assessed by the removal parameters of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Color, Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) and Lignin Compounds (LC). The results indicate that both Phases I and II were efficient for the treatment of COD, BOD5 and color parameters. However, the biofilm form provided better stability to the biological system in the treatment of the Kraft pulp effluent. production 465 46 5 46.5 product ecotoxicity treated conditions techniques adhesion APG (APG freeswimming free swimming planktonic (planktonic respectively benchscale bench scale COD , (COD) BOD5, BOD (BOD5) Color TPC (TPC LC. LC . (LC) However 4 46. (COD (BOD5 (LC (BOD

Resumo O Brasil é considerado referência mundial na produção de papel, se estima que o setor contribui com 46,5% do produto interno bruto nacional, configurando uma manufatura extensiva cujos efluentes possuem concentrações elevadas de matéria orgânica e compostos recalcitrantes, que podem introduzir cor e ecotoxicidade, gerando impacto caso não se proceda o adequado tratamento do mesmo. Uma estratégia potencial para o tratamento desta água resíduária é a bioaumentação com bactérias nativas isoladas do lodo e efluente da indústria, estas devido ao potencial metabolismo adaptado às condições adversas do ambiente, podem favorecer a remoção de compostos específicos. Quando associada a técnicas de imobilização, o inóculo pode se desenvolver como biofilme aderido a um meio suporte, que proporciona superfícies para adesão, crescimento e sobrevivência das bactérias. Desta forma, foi avaliado o tratamento de efluente de celulose kraft por bioaumentação com bactéria autóctone Advenella kashmirensis imobilizada em meio suporte esponjoso do tipo aquaporousgel (APG), e sobre a forma de vida planctonica/livre, denominadas de fase I e II respectivamente, em sistema de lagoa aerada de escala de bancada com efluente industrial não tratado. O efeito do uso da bactéria na bioumentação foi avaliado com efluente industrial não tratado. O efeito do uso da bactéria na bioumentação foi avaliado pelos parâmetros de remoção de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO), Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO5), Cor, Compostos Fenólicos Totais (CFT) e Compostos Ligninicos (CL). Os resultados apontam que ambas as fases I e II, foram eficientes para tratamento dos parâmetros DQO, DBO5 e cor. Entretanto, a forma de biofilmes conferiu melhor estabilidade ao sistema biológico no tratamento do efluente de celulose kraft. papel 465 46 5 46,5 nacional recalcitrantes ecotoxicidade mesmo indústria ambiente específicos imobilização adesão APG, APG , (APG) planctonicalivre planctonica livre planctonica/livre respectivamente tratado DQO (DQO) DBO5, DBO (DBO5) Cor CFT (CFT CL. CL . (CL) Entretanto 4 46, (APG (DQO (DBO5 (CL (DBO

Controlling the chemical parameters of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is essential for the bioconversion of organic matter to methane; among these parameters include the presence and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). It is thus necessary to use efficient analytical methods that are capable of identifying and quantifying VFAs in reactor effluents in order to obtain an immediate response to their conditions. In this study, the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was optimized and validated - through an adaptation of the official method, using acetone and KHSO4, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used for the determination of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids present in the effluents. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 1.2-2.5 mg L-1 and 1.9-3.7 mg L-1, respectively, for all analytes. These low LODs and LOQs are essentially important because the presence of isobutyric and isovaleric acids above 5.0 mg can be considered indicative of imbalances in AD. The proposed method, which presented satisfactory results with good repeatability (4.2-20.7%) and recovery (90.9-104.0%) rates, was applied for the analysis of effluent samples from three continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). AD (AD methane VFAs. . (VFAs) conditions study liquidliquid liquid LLE (LLE KHSO4 KHSO GCFID GC FID (GC-FID acetic propionic butyric LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 1.22.5 1225 1.2 2.5 1 2 5 1.2-2. L1 L L- 1.93.7 1937 1.9 3.7 9 3 7 1.9-3. L1, 1, respectively analytes 50 0 5. 4.220.7% 42207 4.2 20.7% 4 20 (4.2-20.7% 90.9104.0% 9091040 90.9 104.0% 90 104 (90.9-104.0% rates stirredtank stirred tank CSTR. CSTR (CSTR) (VFAs 22 1.22. 122 12 1. 25 2. 1.2-2 93 1.93. 193 19 37 3. 1.9-3 220 4.220.7 4220 42 4. 207 20.7 (4.2-20.7 9104 90.9104.0 909104 909 90. 1040 104.0 10 (90.9-104.0 (CSTR 1.22 1.2- 1.93 1.9- 4.220. 422 20. (4.2-20. 910 90.9104. 90910 104. (90.9-104. 4.220 (4.2-20 91 90.9104 9091 (90.9-104 4.22 (4.2-2 90.910 (90.9-10 (4.2- 90.91 (90.9-1 (4.2 (90.9- (4. (90.9 (4 (90. ( (90 (9

Contamination of natural resources by dyes present in industrial effluents causes serious impacts to the environment. Research on efficient methods to remove these contaminants has intensified in recent years. A promising method is adsorption, as it uses effective and low-cost adsorbents, such as biomass. In this study, the adsorptive capacity of carbon chemically activated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) obtained from monkfish (Enterolobium contortisiliquum) shells was investigated for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium. UV-Visible was used to quantify the dye removed from the experimental batch method. Adsorption tests at different temperatures suggest that the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9967) and the pseudo-second order kinetic model better fit the experimental data. The negative values of ∆Hads and ∆Gads express that the adsorption dynamics is exothermic and spontaneous. The positive value of ∆Sads suggests an increase in disorder at the solid-solution interface during the process. Under these conditions, TCA (monkfish activated charcoal) presented a qe of 525.15 mg g-1, reaching a removal percentage of 82.67%. The treatment carried out to obtain activated carbon allowed the SEM, BET and FT-IR analyses to reveal a porous surface with the presence of micro and mesopores and acid groups on the TCA surface. environment years lowcost low cost adsorbents biomass study H3PO4 HPO H PO (H3PO4 Enterolobium contortisiliquum MB (MB medium UVVisible UV Visible R2 R (R 0.9967 09967 0 9967 pseudosecond pseudo second data Hads Gads spontaneous Sads solidsolution solid solution process conditions charcoal 52515 525 15 525.1 g1, g1 g 1, 1 g-1 8267 82 67 82.67% SEM FTIR FT IR H3PO (H3PO 0.996 0996 996 5251 52 525. g- 826 8 6 82.67 0.99 099 99 5 82.6 0.9 09 9 82. 0.

There are many stilts and industry, which discharge sewage, domestic garbage and industrial effluents in the Pouca Saúde River from the port environment of Santos, São Paulo (SP) State. However, ecotoxicological studies in this river are rare. In this study, we seek to fill this gap by analyzing physicochemical, toxicological, and chemical conditions. Surface water and sediment samples were collected at 2 sampling sites with riparian community activities and industrial activities in the summer, autumn, winter and spring. The parameters analyzed were pH, alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, oils, greases, dissolved oxygen (DO), toxicological and cytotoxicity with mitotic index (MI) of onion roots using Allium cepa roots, and concentration of Pb, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cd. Our results showed alterations in the DO, turbidity, oils/greases and reduction of MI when compared to the respective control. Ni and Zn in sediment samples presented concentrations exceeding levels occasionally associated with adverse biological effects “threshold effect level”. These results suggested that the water quality of the Pouca Saúde River is influenced by both presences of heavy metals contamination and the seasons, i.e. by the tide. Thus, the toxic potential monitoring carried out in this study is of paramount importance to this river. industry sewage Santos SP (SP State However rare physicochemical conditions summer autumn spring pH alkalinity turbidity salinity oils greases DO , (DO) (MI Pb Hg Cd oilsgreases control threshold level. level . level” seasons ie i e i.e tide Thus (DO