Resumen La etnoeducación permite avanzar hacia la interculturalidad, reconociendo las diversidades de culturas con que cuenta el estado colombiano; sin embargo, no se evidencia una ruta formativa clara como proyecto social que reivindique el saber de las comunidades y que permita fortalecer los procesos de identidad cultural necesarios para la pervivencia de los Pueblos Originarios. El objetivo del trabajo es responder si la etnoeducación aporta a la promoción del desarrollo sustentable desde el acto pedagógico de los Pueblos Originarios. Para lograrlo se hizo una revisión literaria de las publicaciones más citadas de los años 2017 a 2021 en las bases de datos Scopus, Web Of Science y Dimensions, seleccionadas por el idioma inglés, español y las palabras clave indexadas en el diccionario Tesauros de la UNESCO. En el análisis de la producción científica se utilizaron las herramientas Cienciométricas RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix y el método de Tree of Science (ToS). Asimismo, se manipuló los softwares VOSviewer y Gephi para identificar las subáreas de investigación y generar la red de conocimiento. El trabajo permitió marcar la evolución de la producción científica anual con 1.124 documento científicos, el mapa temático con tópicos emergentes relacionados a pedagogía, docencia, cultura, conocimientos ancestrales y la red de conocimiento forjada por los autores más importantes para este trabajo. Como conclusión principal se identificó que los procesos educativos deben surgir desde las comunidades étnicas, los cuales buscan transmitir las prácticas ancestrales, impulsar la sustentabilidad, educar al ser sin adaptarlo a doctrinas y modelos educativos desarrollistas.

Abstract Ethno-education allows advancing towards interculturality, recognizing the diversity of cultures in Colombia; however, there is no evidence of a clear formative route as a social project that vindicates the knowledge of the communities and allows strengthening the processes of cultural identity necessary for the survival of the Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this work is to answer whether ethno-education contributes to the promotion of sustainable development from the pedagogical act of the Indigenous Peoples. For this, a literature review was carried out from the most cited publications from the years 2017 to 2021 in the Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions databases, selected by the English language, Spanish and the keywords indexed in the UNESCO Thesauri dictionary. In the analysis of scientific production, the scientometric tools RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix and the Tree of Science (ToS) method were used. The VOSviewer and Gephi software were also used to identify the research subareas and generate the knowledge network. The work allowed marking the evolution of the annual scientific production with 1,127 scientific documents, the thematic map with emerging topics related to pedagogy, teaching, culture, ancestral knowledge, and the knowledge network forged by the most important authors for this work. As a main conclusion, it was identified that the educational processes should arise from the heart of the ethnic communities, which seek to transmit ancestral practices, promote sustainability, educate the being without adapting it to developmentalist doctrines and educational models.

Abstract Mexico’s school enrolment in the 2021-2022 school year corresponds to 5.07 million students (5.5 % in higher technical and normal levels; 86.2 % in bachelor’s degrees; 7.2 % in specialties and master’s degrees; 1.1 % in doctorates), representing 4 % of the total national population. The article is structured on the basis of the deductive method and with a quantitative archetype; its objective is to determine the correlation between the higher education student population and economic growth and human development. It is hypothesized that higher education will contribute significantly to the achievement of these objectives, in the first instance to try to achieve economic growth, and then to gain access to economic, social, sustainable and human development. The hypothesis was confirmed that in Mexico during the period from 2010 to 2022, the highest number of higher education students can explain 82.6 % of the variations experienced in the increase of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or economic growth. It was considered that the highest levels of education in the country (doctorate and master’s degrees) would have a decisive influence on the increase in GDP (economic growth) and a better position in the Human Development Index (HDI), but it turned out that the most influential variable in the estimated linear regressions is enrolment at the bachelor’s degree.

Resumen La matrícula escolar de México en el ciclo escolar 2021-2022 corresponde a 5,07 millones de alumnos (5,5 % en nivel técnico superior y normal, 86,2 % en licenciatura, 7,2 % en especialidad y maestría, y 1,1 % en doctorado), representando el 4 % de la población total nacional. El artículo se estructura con base en el método deductivo y con un arquetipo cuantitativo, teniendo como objetivo conocer el estado de correlación existente entre el universo estudiantil de educación superior con el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo humano. Se parte de la hipótesis que la educación superior contribuirá significativamente al logro de estos objetivos, en primera instancia, para tratar de alcanzar el crecimiento económico, y después, para lograr tener acceso al desarrollo económico, social, sustentable y humano. Se confirmó la hipótesis de que, en México, durante el período de 2010 a 2022, el mayor número de alumnado de nivel superior puede explicar el 82,6 % de las variaciones experimentadas en el aumento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) o crecimiento económico. Se consideraba que los más altos niveles de estudios en el país (doctorado y maestría) influirían de forma determinante en el incremento del PIB (crecimiento económico) y en una mejor posición del Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), pero resultó que la variable más influyente en las regresiones lineales estimadas es la matrícula de nivel licenciatura.

RESUMEN A raíz del inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19 en el Paraguay, el Poder Ejecutivo tomó la decisión de no retornar a clases y el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias (MEC) adoptó la modalidad de educación a distancia. Este estudio busca evaluar como la pandemia del COVID-19 influyó en los procesos educativos siguiendo las medidas de bioseguridad establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Se utilizó la técnica de revisión documental, y lecturas sobre informes investigativos para constatar la realidad en tiempos de pandemia. Es relevante mencionar que el COVID-19 arrastró no solo una crisis sanitaria, sino también económica, alimentaria, tecnológica y educativa modificando la normalidad en la que vivíamos. Se concluye que el uso de estrategias de alcance y aprendizaje creativas para el buen desempeño de las funciones pedagógicas fue esencial para dar continuidad a la educación. Los resultados indican que el confinamiento afectó la relación entre docentes y estudiantes, generando un desequilibrio emocional, frustraciones, obstáculos y falta de comprensión coherente de contenidos. Se recomienda romper las brechas en el acceso a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, para que las mismas no sean un impedimento a la hora de continuar el proceso educativo.

ABSTRACT As a result of the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay, the Executive Branch made the decision not to return to classes and the Ministry of Education and Sciences (MEC) adopted the modality of distance education. This study seeks to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the educational processes following the biosecurity measures established by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. The documentary review technique was used, and a reading on research reports to verify the reality in times of pandemic. It’s concluded that the use of creative outreach and learning strategies for the good performance of pedagogical functions was essential to give continuity to education. In addition, COVID-19 dragged with it not only a health crisis, but also economic, food, technology, and education, modifying the normality in which we lived. The results indicate that the confinement affected the relationship between teachers and students generating an emotional imbalance, frustrations, obstacles and the lack of coherent understanding of the educational contents. It is recommended to break the gaps in access to Information and Communication Technologies, so that they are not an impediment when continuing the educational process.

Peace education is the basis for global peace and a prerequisite for attaining sustainable development and global goals. Considering the widespread physical and structural violence and destructive protests across South African higher education, it is crucial to embrace peace education to deal with violence in all its forms. This article explores the need for peace education in the South African higher education curriculum. A qualitative critical review of the literature reveals widespread gender-based violence, sexual exploitation, destructive student protests at and the militarisation of universities through military force to quell violent student protests nationwide in South Africa. Lack of peace skills indicates that both lecturers, university management and students are in need peace education. Peace education must be incorporated in South African higher education. As part of a model for it, this article recommends the establishment of peace as a stand-alone subject, extra-curricular activities for peace and storytelling to deliver peace education and inculcate a culture of peace in both educators and students. More so, there is a need to embrace the pedagogy of peace education and establish institutes for peace and conflict resolution at every higher education institution in South Africa.

In the historical higher education (HE) context of early post-independence Africa, little was done to unpack or critique the dominant notion of African universities as "developmental" and to create workable models for the future. The resultant conflictual role of African universities, caught between the demands of academic excellence, on the one hand, and local demands of development and regional and communal impact, on the other, have not yet been adequately resolved. Conceptually and organisationally, "engagement", "transfer" and "outreach" activities serve as mechanisms to bridge the divide between the traditional academy and the needs and expectations of societal stakeholders located outside of formal HE structures. This is now often referred to as the third mission (TM) of HE, the first and second missions being teaching and research. In recent years, many of the existing DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) African Centres of Excellence (ACE) have established partnerships and networks with actors from the political, social and economic sector to increase their relevance and impact in their regions, especially relating to Sustainable Development Goals. Against this backdrop, a qualitative exploratory study was conducted to determine the experiences and perceptions of participating representatives from ten ACE, located in their different and specific regional and societal contexts, about their university-society community engagement (CE) or TM activities. This article reports on the findings of this study, which contributes to the larger aims of identifying long-term synergies and collaboration potential and the development of conceptual models that are scalable. The findings of this study can form an adaptable basis for future TM-CE projects and for possible future research projects about such activities in HE.

In response to the growing number of people requiring access to higher education, the student numbers at distance education institutions grew significantly over the last decade (Unisa 2013; 2020). Unfortunately, many students who enrol at open distance learning institutions are not ready for the demands of distance e-learning. More than half of students enrolled at the open distance learning institution where this study was done drop out and the reasons have been well researched (Joubert and Snyman 2018; Mashile, Fynn, and Matoane 2020). It seems that universities' responses to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4.3 - equal access to technical, vocational and higher education) (Unesco 2021) may unintentionally have created new vulnerabilities for the very group of people they have targeted for progress to end poverty, hunger and discrimination. As nearly a third of all students in South Africa are enrolled at Africa's largest open distance learning institution (Unisa 2018), it becomes crucial not only to increase access, but simultaneously to prioritise student retention and academic performance. This raises the question: How can and should lecturers teaching at distance-education institutions optimise the online teaching and learning environment in order to bridge the gap between access targets and academic performance targets? Following an autoethnographic research design, I share my own experiences of teaching two year-modules of the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) Foundation Phase programme offered via a continuous assessment (CA) approach. Two theoretical frameworks, namely the socio-critical model of Subotzky and Prinsloo (2011, 184), and Luna's (2018) theory of layers of vulnerability guided my understanding of the challenges associated with distance learning as well as my research design. My study reveals that the promise of CA does not always convert to optimal performance, and that contextual factors in distance education have a powerful impact on academic achievement despite the effort made by lecturers.

In the context of a need for finding and enabling alternatives to unequal and extractivist perspectives on development, growth, and human well-being, this positioning paper explores possibilities for STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) education with an education for sustainable development focus that counters disciplinary alienations particularly between the arts and the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) disciplines. The paper argues that unnecessary alienations between cultural-emblematic and mathematical-logical epistemes, especially those linked to narrow interpretations and restricted developments in dialogism and dialectics, respectively, are influenced by restricted understandings of epistemological, ontological, and praxiological philosophical drivers in meaning making and responsive action. In response, the paper develops a series of philosophical principles that, it argues, could usefully underpin STEAM education practices. These are a) iterations of epistemological expansion and contraction (in response to monologic meaning making), b) an expansive and deepening ontology (in response to ontological collapse in describing the world), c) critical and judgmental rationality (finding a middle ground between radical relativism and dogma), and d) concrete utopianism (in response to idealism and additive holisticism). The emergence of the four philosophical principles is developed through illustrative examples of a broad range of arts (fine art, performance art, photography, film, poetry, prose, and music).

This work on STEAM and education for sustainable development was undertaken across a series of collaborative case studies as formative research on the inclusion of Indigenous technologies and knowledge practices in teacher education. We noted that, despite the current academic imperative to decolonise southern African education, one seldom finds the inclusion of Indigenous technologies and Indigenous heritage practices in the contemporary classroom. Teachers we worked with were highly interested in their Indigenous knowledge heritage. Yet, they reported that they, and the young teachers they work with, simply do not have the heritage knowledge capital to include Indigenous knowledge systems in their teaching. Other challenges they face are the time it takes to engage community knowledge holders, and to find knowledge relating to school subject disciplines. The teachers observed that students prioritise modernity over Indigenous heritage and technologies, often undervaluing the latter as a forgotten past. Three exploratory cases delved into teacher education's response to challenges through co-engaged work, and this paper synthesises the emerging evidence-aiming to refine pedagogical tools for integrating Indigenous knowledge into STEAM education. A cultural-historical approach was used to frame the study and to derive insights and inferences in co-engaged lesson design research with teachers.

ABSTRACT Community environmental education is a process that requires the contribution of its inhabitants and local actors, from a conscious participation in the search for solutions to environmental problems. For this, it is necessary an educational intervention from the execution of sociocultural transformation projects. The work was carried out in the Pedro Pompa community, Bayamo municipality, with the objective of designing educational actions for environmental transformation in the community as a contribution to environmental education for sustainable development from the extension of the university in the territory.

RESUMEN La educación ambiental comunitaria es un proceso que requiere de la contribución de sus habitantes y de los actores locales, desde una participación consciente en la búsqueda de soluciones a los problemas ambientales. Para ello es necesario una intervención educativa a partir de la ejecución de proyectos de transformación sociocultural. El trabajo se realizó en la comunidad Pedro Pompa, municipio Bayamo, tiene como objetivo diseñar acciones educativas para la transformación ambiental en la comunidad como contribución a la educación ambiental para un desarrollo sostenible desde la extensión de la universidad en el territorio.

BACKGROUND. Education about planetary health (PH) and sustainable healthcare (SH), or education for sustainable healthcare (ESH), enables health professionals to help protect public health and healthcare from climate change and environmental degradation. The Association for Medical Education in Europe Consensus (AMEE Consensus) Statement on Planetary Health and Education for Sustainable Healthcare has proposed a set of ESH learning objectives, activities and assessments for adaptation to different health professions education (HPE) contexts. The national audit phase of a mixed methods study in South Africa (SA) found that awareness of ESH and its curriculum development is emerging. The African Medical Education Directives for Specialists (AfriMEDS) is a competency framework for undergraduate medical students in SA that defines key competencies and enabling competencies related to seven roles of a health professional. OBJECTIVES. To recruit a national Delphi panel of health professions educators to assess the applicability of the AMEE Consensus learning objectives, activities and assessments to HPE in SA; to elicit panellists' perceptions of the main barriers and opportunities for ESH in faculties; and to compare learning objectives recommended by AMEE and the panel for key competencies and enabling competencies within the AfriMEDS framework. METHODS. Nine educators from three different disciplines and six national faculties of health sciences participated in two rounds of a Delphi process and in follow-up discussions. In round 1, they rated the AMEE Consensus learning objectives, activities and assessments, and proposed additional ones. In round 2, they rated the score-ranked AMEE lists, as well as relevant additions from round 1. All panellists participated in further discussions regarding applicability, and highlighted the potential barriers and opportunities for integrating ESH into their faculties. The lead author then matched the panel's learning objectives with enabling competencies related to all seven health professional roles described by AfriMEDS. RESULTS. All panellists recognised the importance of ESH in SA and the need for eco-ethical leadership by health professionals. All 13 AMEE Consensus learning objectives, as well as three additional objectives from the panel, were matched most frequently with AfriMEDS-enabling competencies related to the roles of leader and manager (n=9), communicator (n=8) and healthcare practitioner (n=7). Panellists highly ranked learning activities and assessments that are authentic, multiprofessional and require systems thinking. They perceived the lack of capable educators and curriculum overload to be the main barriers to integration of ESH, as well as the need for strong leaders, disciplinary champions and trained educators. CONCLUSIONS. Situating the selected learning objectives within the AfriMEDS competency framework provides a good basis for developing aligned learning activities and assessments of ESH. Strong leadership, capable educators and multidisciplinary collaboration are important enablers of integrating ESH into HPE in SA.

RESUMEN El trabajo independiente contextualizado en las asignaturas básicas de la disciplina Química Analíticas y aplicado a las diferentes formas organizativas del proceso docente, es fundamental en el trabajo metodológico durante situaciones de contingencia (situaciones epidemiológicas, climatológicas y sismológicas). Es una actividad cognoscitiva que contribuye a garantizar una autoeducación independiente del estudiante de la enseñanza superior de forma no presencial, con un enfoque autocreativo para adquirir conocimientos a lo largo de su vida activa. En este trabajo se presentan propuestas de trabajos independientes en estas asignaturas, desde los objetivos vinculantes de los programas analíticos, para desarrollar habilidades propias del proceso docente educativo y específicas vinculadas al análisis químico. El estudio se realizó en los cursos 2018/2019 y 2019/2020, se emplearon métodos como: análisis-síntesis, hermenéutico-dialéctico, observación, análisis documental, entrevista y talleres. Las propuestas de trabajo independiente permiten una retroalimentación profesor-estudiante y estudiante-estudiante, que tributa a la autopreparación e independencia cognoscitiva del estudiante en formación. Pone de manifiesto la interdisciplinariedad y su vínculo con: sectores estratégicos, objetivos de desarrollo sostenible y estrategias curriculares, siendo una herramienta esencial que puede ser aplicada en la combinación de modalidades presencial, no presencial y a distancia.

ABSTRACT Independent work contextualized in the basic subjects of the Analytical Chemistry discipline and applied to the different organizational forms of the teaching process, is fundamental in the methodological work during contingency situations (epidemiological, climatological and seismological situations). It is a cognitive activity that contributes to guaranteeing independent self-education of the higher education student in a non-presential way , with a self-creative approach to acquire knowledge throughout their active life. In this work, proposals for independent work in these subjects are presented, from the binding objectives of the analytical programs, to develop skills specific to the educational teaching process and specific ones linked to chemical analysis. The study was carried out in the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 academic years, methods such as: analysis-synthesis, hermeneutic-dialectical, observation, documentary analysis, interview and workshops were used. The independent work proposals allow teacher-student and student-student feedback, which contributes to the self-preparation and cognitive independence of the student in training. It highlights interdisciplinarity and its link with: strategic sectors, sustainable development objectives and curricular strategies, being an essential tool that can be applied in the combination of presential, non-presential and distance modalities.

RESUMEN La educación tributaria en América Latina es clave para fortalecer la cultura fiscal, reducir la evasión y fomentar la participación ciudadana, transformando actitudes y promoviendo conciencia y responsabilidad fiscal para un desarrollo sostenible. En este sentido, el presente estudio busca responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo los programas de educación tributaria pueden fomentar la comprensión para el pago de impuestos, promoviendo la conciencia de los contribuyentes y evitando de esa manera la evasión tributaria en Latinoamérica?, para ello se planteó como objetivo analizar la eficacia de los programas de educación tributaria en el fomento de la comprensión de los contribuyentes, la promoción de la conciencia sobre las obligaciones fiscales y la prevención de la evasión tributaria en países de Latinoamérica. Tras un análisis descriptivo, se concluyó que los programas educativos tributarios lograron aumentar la conciencia fiscal, impulsar el cumplimiento tributario y alcanzar notables éxitos, como mejoras en eficiencia y desarrollo social.

ABSTRACT Tax education in Latin America is key to strengthen tax culture, reduce tax evasion and encourage citizen participation, transforming attitudes and promoting tax awareness and responsibility for sustainable development. In this sense, the present study seeks to answer the following question: How can tax education programs foster understanding for tax payment, promoting taxpayer awareness and thus preventing tax evasion in Latin America? To this end, the objective was to analyze the effectiveness of tax education programs in fostering taxpayer understanding, promoting awareness of tax obligations, and preventing tax evasion in Latin American countries. After a descriptive analysis, it was concluded that tax education programs succeeded in increasing tax awareness, boosting tax compliance, and achieving notable successes, such as improvements in efficiency and social development.

RESUMEN La diversidad cultural y el patrimonio desempeñan un papel fundamental en la identidad y riqueza de las comunidades en el mundo. Estas, emergen como un tesoro cultural cuya preservación y promoción se han convertido en aspectos cruciales para el desarrollo sostenible y la conservación de su identidad. El trabajo tiene como objetivo fortalecer el patrimonio cultural inmaterial e implantar una ruta turística en la comunidad Tsáchila. Para el estudio se utilizó el método general de solución de problemas y el PESTEL, para identificar las causas que amenazan la preservación del patrimonio cultural. Se concluye que se deben implementar estrategias que requieren la colaboración entre la comunidad Tsáchila y las autoridades locales. Además, desarrollar programas de educación y proyectos de concienciación, mientras se fomenta la participación activa de la comunidad en la preservación de sus tradiciones.

ABSTRACT Cultural diversity and heritage play a fundamental role in the identity and wealth of communities around the world. These emerge as a cultural treasure whose preservation and promotion have become crucial aspects for sustainable development and the conservation of its identity. The work aims to strengthen the intangible cultural heritage and implement a tourist route in the Tsáchila community. For the study, the general problem-solving method and PESTEL were used to identify the causes that threaten the preservation of cultural heritage. It is concluded that strategies that require collaboration between the Tsáchila community and local authorities must be implemented. In addition, develop education programs and awareness projects, while encouraging the active participation of the community in the preservation of its traditions.

RESUMEN La formación del alumnado infantil para convertirse en parte de una ciudadanía bien informada y dispuesta a actuar por la sostenibilidad de su planeta es un tema social candente principalmente desde la aparición de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU. Los libros ilustrados permiten reflexionar sobre cuestiones locales para comprender las globales y, por tanto, desarrollar un aprendizaje crítico, también en clase de inglés como lengua extranjera (ILE). Por tanto, La literatura infantil es una herramienta adecuada para concienciar sobre los diferentes temas relacionados con la sostenibilidad. Esto es debido a que pueden ser una herramienta eficaz para trabajar las competencias clave de la LOMLOE “ciudadanía” y “conciencia y expresiones culturales” a través de la Educación para la Sostenibilidad (EpS). El objetivo principal de este artículo es crear una selección básica de libros ilustrados en inglés, el kit básico de literatura infantil ODS, que cubran los temas relacionados con los ODS para que pueda ser útil para trabajar la EpS de forma competencial también en la clase de inglés. La investigación ha proporcionado un listado de 12 libros que ayudan a fortalecer las prácticas sostenibles al mostrar personajes en una gran variedad de roles y acciones.

ABSTRACT Pupils’ education to become part of a well-informed citizenry, willing to act for the sustainability of their planet is a live social issue, mainly since the appearance of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Picture books allow us to reflect on local issues to understand global ones and, therefore, develop critical learning, also in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) class. Therefore, children's literature is an appropriate tool to raise awareness about the different issues related to sustainability. This is because it can be an effective tool for working on the key competencies of the LOMLOE "citizenship" and "awareness and cultural expressions" through Education for Sustainability (EfS). The main objective of this article is to create a basic selection of illustrated books in English, the ODS children's literature basic kit, that covers the topics related to the SDGs so that it can be useful to work on EfS in a competence-based way also in the class of English. Research has provided a list of 12 books that help strengthen sustainable practices by showing characters in a variety of roles and actions.

RESUMEN La Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (EDS) es una meta a alcanzar para la próxima Agenda 2030. El logro de los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) será por medio de la educación. Las políticas educativas y el desarrollo curricular serán quienes respondan a esta necesidad definiendo en sus principios nuevas prácticas y actitudes que encaminen hacia sociedades más sostenibles. La presente investigación se basa en seguir una metodología comparada, donde se realiza un análisis descriptivo-analítico de las políticas educativas en materia de sostenibilidad en los currículos de España e Irlanda, cómo se estructuran sus sistemas educativos y cómo se integra la EDS en las etapas de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria. La nueva Ley Orgánica que Modifica la Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOMLOE, 2020) visibiliza por primera vez la educación para la sostenibilidad en el currículo escolar respondiendo así a los problemas que la sociedad precisa en torno a los ODS.

ABSTRACT Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is a goal to be achieved for the next 2030 Agenda. The achievement of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) will be through education. Educational policies and curricular development will be the ones that respond to this need by defining in their principles new practices and attitudes that lead towards more sustainable societies. This research is based on following a comparative methodology, where a descriptive-analytical analysis of educational policies on sustainability in the curricula of Spain and Ireland is carried out, how their educational systems are structured and how ESD is integrated in the stages early childhood, primary and secondary education. The new Organic Law that Modifies the Organic Law of Education (LOMLOE) makes education for sustainability visible in the school curriculum for the first time, thus responding to the problems that society needs around the SDGs.